m0492Ct 2835 Pict-99: Person throwing a spear at a bison and placing one foot on the head of the bison; a hooded serpent at left.

Hieroglyph: kolsa = to kick the foot forward, the foot to come into contact with anything when walking or running; kolsa pasirkedan = I kicked it over (Santali.lex.)mēṛsa = v.a. toss, kick with the foot, hit with the tail (Santali) 

 kol ‘furnace, forge’ (Kuwi) kol ‘alloy of five metals, pancaloha’ (Ta.) •kolhe (iron-smelter; kolhuyo, jackal) kol, kollan-, kollar = blacksmith (Ta.lex.)•kol‘to kill’ (Ta.)•sal ‘bos gaurus’, bison; rebus: sal ‘workshop’ (Santali)me~ṛhe~t iron; ispat m. = steel; dul m. = cast iron; kolhe m. iron manufactured by the Kolhes (Santali); meṛed (Mun.d.ari); meḍ (Ho.)(Santali.Bodding)

nAga 'serpent' Rebus: nAga 'lead'

Hieroglyph: rã̄go ʻ buffalo bull ʼ 

Rebus: Pk. raṅga 'tin' P. rã̄g f., rã̄gā m. ʻ pewter, tin ʼ Ku. rāṅ ʻ tin, solder ʼOr. rāṅga ʻ tin ʼ, rāṅgā ʻ solder, spelter ʼ, Bi. Mth. rã̄gā, OAw. rāṁga; H. rã̄g f., rã̄gā m. ʻ tin, pewter ʼraṅgaada -- m. ʻ borax ʼ lex.Kho. (Lor.) ruṅ ʻ saline ground with white efflorescence, salt in earth ʼ  *raṅgapattra ʻ tinfoil ʼ. [raṅga -- 3, páttra -- ]B. rāṅ(g)tā ʻ tinsel, copper -- foil ʼ.
paTa 'hood of serpent' Rebus: padanu 'sharpness of weapon' (Telugu)

Hieroglyph: kunta1 ʻ spear ʼ. 2. *kōnta -- . [Perh. ← Gk. konto/s ʻ spear ʼ EWA i 229]1. Pk. kuṁta -- m. ʻ spear ʼ; S. kundu m. ʻ spike of a top ʼ, °dī f. ʻ spike at the bottom of a stick ʼ, °diṛī, °dirī f. ʻ spike of a spear or stick ʼ; Si. kutu ʻ lance ʼ.
2. Pa. konta -- m. ʻ standard ʼ; Pk. koṁta -- m. ʻ spear ʼ; H. kõt m. (f.?) ʻ spear, dart ʼ; -- Si. kota ʻ spear, spire, standard ʼ perh. ← Pa.(CDIAL 3289)

Rebus: kuṇṭha munda (loha) 'hard iron (native metal)'

Allograph: कुंठणें [ kuṇṭhaṇēṃ ] v i (कुंठ S) To be stopped, detained, obstructed, arrested in progress (Marathi)

Three Indus Script inscriptions m453, m299, m300 deciphered as metalwork karaḍā खरडें 'daybook, wealth-accounting ledgers' http://tinyurl.com/yxfbmzfw

-- kamadha 'penance' Rebus: kammata 'coiner, mint'

-- phaḍā 'cobrahood' rebus phaḍā 'metals manufactory' rebus: meḍ 'iron' (Mu.Ho.) mẽṛhẽt 'iron' (Santali) med 'copper' (Slavic)

 Signs 45, 46  meḍ bhaṭa 'iron furnace'

-- meḍ mũhe 'iron ingot'

-- maṇḍā 'raised platform, stool, arch'  rebus: maṇḍā 'warehouse'

- कर्णक m. du. the two legs spread out AV. xx , 133 'spread legs'; (semantic ...

कर्णक 'spread legs' rebus: 'helmsman', karṇi 'supercargo' PLUS dula 'two' rebus: dul 'metal casting'. Thus, castmetal handled by supercargo.

khareḍo 'a currycomb (Gujarati) Rebus: karaḍā खरडें 'daybook, wealth-accounting ledger'. Rebus: kharādī ' turner' (Gujarati)

--Sign 70 'fish PLUS notch' Hieroglyph shown on m0299 inscription

 अयस्--काण्ड ayaskāṇḍa m. n. " a quantity of iron " or " excellent iron " , (g. कस्का*दि q.v.)  अयस्   ayas अयस् a. [इ-गतौ-असुन्] Going, moving; nimble. n. (-यः) 1 Iron (एति चलति अयस्कान्तसंनिकर्षं इति तथात्वम्; नायसोल्लिख्यते रत्नम् Śukra 4.169. अभितप्तमयो$पि मार्दवं भजते कैव कथा शरीरिषु R.8.43. -2 Steel. -3 Gold. -4 A metal in general. -5 Aloe wood. -6 An iron instrument; यदयोनिधनं याति सो$स्य धर्मः सनातनः Mb.6.17.11. -7 Going. m. Fire. [cf. L. aes, aeris; Goth. ais, eisarn; Ger. eisin]. -Comp. -अग्रम्, -अग्रकम् a hammer, a mace or club tipped with iron; a pestle for cleaning grain. -अपाष्टि a. Ved. furnished with iron claws or heels. -कंसः, -सम् an iron goblet. -कणपम् A kind of weapon, which throws out iron-balls; अयःकणपचक्राश्म- भुशुण्डयुक्तबाहवः Mb.1.227.25. -काण्डः 1 an iron-arrow. -2 excellent iron. -3 a large quantity of iron (Apte)

This is an addendum to: Prayer posture, kneeling on one knee with a ladle offering; meḍIndus Script cipher meḍ 'iron' PLUS muka 'ladle' mũhe 'ingot' http://tinyurl.com/y3jm6ato

Text message on Inscription m453 shows a person with spread legs (with a two linear stroke circumscript):कर्णक m. du. the two legs spread out AV. xx , 133 'spread legs'; (semantic ...
कर्णक'spread legs' rebus: 'helmsman', karṇi 'supercargo' PLUS dula 'two' rebus: dul 'metal casting'. Thus, castmetal handled by supercargo.khareḍo 'a currycomb (Gujarati) Rebus: karaḍāखरडें'daybook, wealth-accounting ledger'. Rebus: kharādī' turner' (Gujarati)
Hieroglyph: kamadha 'penance' Rebus: kammata 'coiner, mint'

The classifier is the cobra hood hieroglyph/hypertext: फडा phaḍā f (फटा S) The hood of Coluber Nága Rebus: phaḍa फड ‘manufactory, company, guild, public office’, keeper of all accounts, registers.

Text on obverse of the tablet m453A: Text 1629. m453BC Seated in penance, the person is flanked on either side by a kneeling adorant, offering a pot and a hooded serpent rearing up.

Glyph: kaṇḍo ‘stool’. Rebus; kaṇḍ‘furnace’. Vikalpa: kaṇḍ‘stone (ore) metal’.  Rebus: kamaḍha ‘penance’. Rebus 1: kaṇḍ‘stone ore’. Rebus 2: kampaṭṭa ‘mint’. Glyph: ‘serpent hood’: paṭa. Rebus: pata ‘sharpness (of knife), tempered (metal). padm ‘tempered iron’ (Ko.) Glyph: rimless pot: baṭa. Rebus: bhaṭa ‘smelter, furnace’. It appears that the message of the glyphics is about a mint  or metal workshop which produces sharpened, tempered iron (stone ore) using a furnace.

Rebus readings of glyphs on text of inscription:

koṇḍa bend (Ko.); Tu. Kōḍi  corner; kōṇṭu angle, corner, crook. Nk. Kōnṭa corner (DEDR 2054b)  G. khū̃ṭṛī  f. ʻangleʼRebus: kõdā ‘to turn in a lathe’(B.) कोंद kōnda ‘engraver, lapidary setting or infixing gems’ (Marathi) koḍ‘artisan’s workshop’ (Kuwi) koḍ  = place where artisans work (G.) ācāri koṭṭya ‘smithy’ (Tu.) कोंडण [kōṇḍaṇa] f A fold or pen. (Marathi) B. kõdā ‘to turn in a lathe’; Or.kū̆nda ‘lathe’, kũdibā, kū̃d ‘to turn’ (→ Drav. Kur. Kū̃d ’ lathe’) (CDIAL 3295) 

aṭar ‘a splinter’ (Ma.) aṭaruka ‘to burst, crack, sli off,fly open; aṭarcca ’ splitting, a crack’; aṭarttuka ‘to split, tear off, open (an oyster) (Ma.); aḍaruni ‘to crack’ (Tu.) (DEDR 66) Rebus: aduru ‘native, unsmelted metal’ (Kannada)

ãs = scales of fish (Santali); rebus: aya ‘metal, iron’ (Gujarati.) cf. cognate to amśu 'soma' in Rigveda: ancu 'iron' (Tocharian)G.karã̄ n. pl. ‘wristlets, bangles’; S. karāī f. ’wrist’ (CDIAL 2779).  Rebus: khār खार् ‘blacksmith’(Kashmiri)

dula ‘pair’; rebus dul ‘cast (metal)’

Glyph of ‘rim of jar’: kárṇaka m. ʻ projection on the side of a vessel, handle ʼŚBr. [kárṇa -- ]Pa. kaṇṇaka -- ʻ having ears or corners ʼ; (CDIAL 2831) kaṇḍa kanka; Rebus: furnace account (scribe). kaṇḍ = fire-altar (Santali); kan = copper (Tamil) khanaka m. one who digs , digger , excavator Rebus: karanikamu. Clerkship: the office of a Karanam or clerk. (Telugu) káraṇa n. ʻ act, deed ʼ RV. [√kr̥1] Pa. karaṇa -- n. ʻdoingʼ; NiDoc. karana,  kaṁraṁna ʻworkʼ; Pk. karaṇa -- n. ʻinstrumentʼ(CDIAL 2790)

m0300

Hieroglyphs: maṇḍā 'raised platform, stool, arch' Rebus: maṇḍā 'warehouse'
loa 'ficus glomerata' rebus: loh 'copper, iron, metal'karã̄ n. pl. wristlets, bangles Rebus: khār 'blacksmith, ironsmith'
dhangra 'bull (hoofs of bovine' rebus: dhangar 'blacksmith'bagala 'pleiades' rebus:bagala 'dhow,seafaring vessel'.

Comparable prayer posture is seen on Sit Shamshi Bronze (Louvre Museum) which narrates in an Akkadian Elamite inscription:  "I Shilhak-Inshushinak, son of Shutruk-Nahhunte, beloved servant of Inshushinak, king of Anshan and Susa [...], I made a bronze sunrise."

Rebus: meḍ'iron' (Mu.Ho.) mẽṛhẽt 'iron' (Santali) med 'copper' (Slavic)

m453

Text on obverse of the tablet m453A: Text 1629. m453BC Seated in penance, the person is flanked on either side by a kneeling adorant, offering a pot and a hooded serpent rearing up.

Mohenjo-daro. Sealing.  Surrounded by fishes, lizard and snakes, a horned person sits in 'yoga' on a throne with hoofed legs. One side of a triangular terracotta amulet (Md 013); surface find at Mohenjo-daro in 1936, Dept. of Eastern Art, Ashmolean Museum, Oxford. [seated person penance, crocodile?] 

Brief memoranda: kamaḍha ‘penance’ Rebus: kammaṭa ‘mint, coiner’; kaṇḍo ‘stool, seat’ Rebus: kāṇḍa  ‘metalware’ kaṇḍa  ‘fire-altar’.

kAru 'crocodile' Rebus: kAru 'artisan'.

Hieroglyphs (allographs): 

kamaḍha 'penance' (Prakriam) 

kamḍa, khamḍa 'copulation' (Santali)

kamaṭha crab (Skt.)

kamaṛkom = fig leaf (Santali.lex.) kamarmaṛā (Has.), kamaṛkom (Nag.); the petiole or stalk of a leaf (Mundari.lex.)  kamat.ha = fig leaf, religiosa (Sanskrit) kamaḍha = ficus religiosa (Sanskrit)

kamāṭhiyo = archer; kāmaṭhum = a bow; kāmaḍ, kāmaḍum = a chip of bamboo (G.) kāmaṭhiyo a bowman; an archer (Sanskrit) 

Rebus: kammaṭi a coiner (Ka.); kampaṭṭam coinage, coin, mint (Ta.) kammaṭa = mint, gold furnace (Te.)  kamaṭa = portable furnace for melting precious metals (Telugu); kampaṭṭam = mint (Tamil)

Glyph: meD 'to dance' (F.)[reduplicated from me-]; me id. (M.) in Remo (Munda)(Source: D. Stampe's Munda etyma) meṭṭu to tread, trample, crush under foot, tread or place the foot upon (Te.); meṭṭu step (Ga.); mettunga steps (Ga.). maḍye to trample, tread (Malt.)(DEDR 5057) మెట్టు (p. 1027) [ meṭṭu ] meṭṭu. [Tel.] v. a. &n. To step, walk, tread. అడుగుపెట్టు, నడుచు, త్రొక్కు. "మెల్ల మెల్లన మెట్టుచుదొలగి అల్లనల్లనతలుపులండకు జేరి." BD iv. 1523. To tread on, to trample on. To kick, to thrust with the foot.మెట్టిక meṭṭika. n. A step , మెట్టు, సోపానము (Telugu)

Rebus: meD 'iron' (Mundari. Remo.)

Tepe Yahya. Seal impressions of two sides of a seal. Six-legged lizard and opposing footprints shown on opposing sides of a double-sided steatite stamp seal perforated along the lateral axis. Lamberg- Karlovsky 1971: fig. 2C Shahr-i-Soktha Stamp seal shaped like a foot.

Glyph: aṭi foot, footprint (Tamil) Rebus: aḍe, aḍa, aḍi the piece of wood on which the five artisans put the article which they happen to operate upon, a support (Kannada)

Glyph: araṇe 'lizard' (Tulu) eraṇi f. ʻ anvil ʼ (Gujarati); aheraṇ, ahiraṇ, airaṇ, airṇī, haraṇ f. (Marathi) அரணை Ta. araṇai typical lizard, Lacertidae; smooth streaked lizard, Lacerta interpunctula. Ma. araṇa green house lizard, L. interpunctula. Ka. araṇe, rāṇe, rāṇi greenish kind of lizard which is said to poison by licking, L. interpunctula. Tu. araṇe id. (DEDR 204).

Glyph: bhaṭa ‘six’ (G.) rebus: baṭa = kiln (Santali) baṭa = a kind of iron (Gujarati)  [Note: six legs shown on the lizard glyph]

The rebus readings are: aḍi 'anvil' airaṇ 'anvil' (for use in) baṭa 'iron working' or kiln/furnace-work.

bhráṣṭra n. ʻ frying pan, gridiron ʼ MaitrS. [√bhrajj] Pk. bhaṭṭha -- m.n. ʻ gridiron ʼ; K. büṭhü f. ʻ level surface by kitchen fireplace on which vessels are put when taken off fire ʼ; S. baṭhu m. ʻ large pot in which grain is parched, large cooking fire ʼ, baṭhī f. ʻ distilling furnace ʼ; L. bhaṭṭh m. ʻ grain -- parcher's oven ʼ, bhaṭṭhī f. ʻ kiln, distillery ʼ, awāṇ. bhaṭh; P. bhaṭṭh m., °ṭhī f. ʻ furnace ʼ, bhaṭṭhā m. ʻ kiln ʼ; N. bhāṭi ʻ oven or vessel in which clothes are steamed for washing ʼ; A. bhaṭā ʻ brick -- or lime -- kiln ʼ; B. bhāṭi ʻ kiln ʼ; Or. bhāṭi ʻ brick -- kiln, distilling pot ʼ; Mth. bhaṭhī, bhaṭṭī ʻ brick -- kiln, furnace, still ʼ; Aw.lakh. bhāṭhā ʻ kiln ʼ; H. bhaṭṭhā m. ʻ kiln ʼ, bhaṭ f. ʻ kiln, oven, fireplace ʼ; M. bhaṭṭā m. ʻ pot of fire ʼ, bhaṭṭī f. ʻ forge ʼ. -- X bhástrā -- q.v. S.kcch. bhaṭṭhī keṇī ʻ distil (spirits) ʼ.(CDIAL 9656). kolmo ‘three’ (Mu.); rebus: kolami ‘smithy’ (Telugu) కొలిమి [ kolimi ] kolimi. [Tel.] n. A pit. A fire pit or furnace. ముద్దకొలిమి a smelting forge. నీళ్లకొలిమి a reservoir. కొలిమిత్తిత్తి a pair of bellows.(Telugu) పట్టడ [ paṭṭaḍa ] paṭṭaḍu. [Tel.] n. A smithy, a shop. కుమ్మరి వడ్లంగి మొదలగువారు పనిచేయు చోటు.(Telugu) Glyph: S. baṭhu m. ‘large pot in which grain is parched; L. bhaṭṭh m. ʻ grain -- parcher's oven ʼM. bhaṭṭā m. ʻ pot of fire ʼ(CDIAL 9656). Glyph: bhaṭa ‘six’ (G.) rebus: baṭa = kiln (Santali); bhaṭṭī f. ʻ forge ʼ(Marathi)(CDIAL 9656). baṭa = a kind of iron (G.) bhaṭṭhī f. ‘kiln, distillery’, awāṇ. bhaṭh; P. bhaṭṭh m., °ṭhī f. ‘furnace’, bhaṭṭhā m. ‘kiln’; S. bhaṭṭhī keṇī ‘distil (spirits) baṭa = furnace (Santali) bhrāṣṭra = furnace (Skt.) bhaṭa ‘furnace’ (G.) baṭhī f. ʻ distilling furnace' (Sindhi)

                                                                     

http://bharatkalyan97.blogspot.in/2015/11/dance-step-med-in-indus-script.html

Text of 3 signs

Decipherment of the Indus Script inscription on h182 Harappa tablet & another identical tablet

Sign 403 is a duplication of  bun-ingot shape. This shape is signified on a zebu terracotta pratimā found at Harappa and is consistent with mūhā mẽṛhẽt process of making unique bun-shaped ingots (See Santali expression and meaning described below):

Sign 403 is read: dul mūhā mẽṛhẽt 'cast iron ingot'.  mūhā mẽṛhẽt = iron smelted by the Kolhes and formed into an equilateral lump a little pointed at each of four ends (Santali)

The pictorial motif and text message together signify rebus rendering of the following expressions: 

jasta, sattva mund 'svastika, 'zinc' assembly'; 

dul mũhã̄ कर्ण karṇa metal casting zinc ingot account

Pictorial motif of five svastika and tiger

jasta, sattva 'svastika glyph' rebus jasta, sattva 'zinc' PLUS mōṝẽ 'five' rebus munda 'Toda village or assembly'

kola 'tiger' Rebus: kol 'alloy of five metals, pancaloha' (Tamil). kul ‘tiger’ (Santali); kōlu id. (Telugu) kōlupuli = Bengal tiger (Te.) कोल्हा [ kōlhā ] कोल्हें [kōlhēṃ] A jackal (Marathi) Rebus: kol, kolhe, ‘the koles, iron smelters speaking a language akin to that of Santals’ (Santali) kol ‘working in iron’ (Tamil) kōla1 m. ʻ name of a degraded tribe ʼ Hariv.Ma. kollan blacksmith, artificer. Ko. kole·l smithy, temple in Kota village. To. kwala·l Kota smithy. Ka. kolime, kolume, kulame, kulime, kulume, kulme fire-pit, furnace; (Bell.; U.P.U.) konimi blacksmith(Gowda) kolla id. Koḍ. kollë blacksmith. 

Te. kolimi furnace. Go. (SR.)kollusānā to mend implements; (Ph.) kolstānā, kulsānā to forge; (Tr.) kōlstānā to repair (of ploughshares); (SR.) kolmi smithy (Voc. 948). Kuwi (F.) kolhali to forge.(DEDR 2133).

Text message on h182

dul mũhã̄ ' metal casting, bun ingot' .

dul 'two' rebus: dul 'metal casting'

karṇī, 'Supercargo responsible for cargo of a merchant vessel'; karṇika 'scribe, account'.

-- kol 'tiger' rebus kol 'alloy of five metals' kol 'working in iron', five, mōṝẽ svastika Indus Script hypertext  signifies assembly, mondir temple

--Tiger, drummer, five svastika signify mōṝẽ 'five' rebus mandari 'drummer' munda 'Toda village or assembly'  mondir 'temple.

Sign 403 is a duplication of 'oval or rhombus' hieroglyph Sign 267 which has the shape of a bun ingot: mũhã̄ 'bun ingot' . Duplication signifies dula 'two' rebus: dul 'metal casting'. Thus Sign 403 reads: dul mũhã̄ ' metal casting, bun ingot'. The bun ingots are a little pointed at each end. The semantics of this shape feature is provided in the Santali word: Rebus: mũh ‘(copper) ingot’ (Santali) mũhã̄ = the quantity of iron produced at one time in a native smelting furnace of the Kolhes; iron produced by the Kolhes and formed like a four-cornered piece a little pointed at each end (Santali) Allographs: mũhe ‘face’ (Santali) The little pointed ends at each side is like a pointed nose: Ta. mūkku nose, nostril, beak, nose-shaped part of anything; mūkkaṉ man with a large or prominent nose; mukarai, mukari bottom of the nose. Ma. mūkku nose, nozzle, beak; mūkkan long-nosed. Ko. mu·k nose, funnel of bellows; mu·kn man with long nose; fem. mu·ky. To. mu·k nose (in songs); mu·ku·ṛ- (mu·ku·ṛy-) to meet (of persons, rivers); mu·ku·ṭ- (mu·ku·ṭy-) to cause to meet; ? mu·kuṟ- (mu·kuṟy-) (person, ceremony) approaches. Ka.mūgu, mū nose, forepart, snout, beak, nozzle; mūga, mūgi man with a nose. Koḍ. mu·kï nose. Tu. mūku, mūgu, mūṅku nose, beak; mūke man who snuffles or speaks through the nose; fem. mūki. Te. mukku nose, beak, end, point, tip. Kol. muŋgaḍ, (Kin.) mukk, (SR.) mukku nose. Nk. muŋgaṛ id. Nk. (Ch.) muŋgan id. Pa. muvāḍ (pl. muvācil)id. Ga. (Oll.) muŋan, (S.) muŋān, (P.) muŋgan id. Pe. muŋgel id. Manḍ. muŋgel id. Kui mungeli, (K.) muŋgi id. Kuwi (F.) mūngelli, (S.) mungeli, (Isr.) muṅgeli, (Su. P.) muŋgeli (pl. muŋgelka) id. Kur. muī˜ id. Malt. muṉyu id. (DEDR 5024).

This semantics is reinforced by the two linear strokes || dula 'two' rebus: dul 'metal casting'

The third sign of the text is a rim-of-jar Sign 342.

 Rebus reading of Sign 342: kanda kanka 'rim of jar' कार्णिक 'relating to the ear' rebus: kanda kanka 'fire-trench account, karṇika 'scribe, account' karṇī 'supercargo',कर्णिक helmsman'. Note: Hieroglyph: कर्ण [p= 256,2] the handle or ear of a vessel RV. viii , 72 , 12 Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa ix (कात्यायन-श्रौत-सूत्र)

Rebus: कर्ण the helm or rudder of a ship R. कर्णी f. of °ण ifc. (e.g. अयस्-क्° and पयस्-क्°) Pa1n2. 8-3 , 46" N. of कंस's mother " , in comp. Rebus: karṇī, 'Supercargo responsible for cargo of a merchant vessel'. See:

Horned deity seals, Mohenjo-daro: a. horned deity with pipal-leaf headdress, Mohenjo-daro (DK12050, NMP 50.296) (Courtesy of the Department of Archaeology and Museums, Government of Pakistan); b. horned deity with star motifs, Mohenjo-daro (M-305) (PARPOLA 1994:Fig. 10.9); courtesy of the Archaeological Survey of India; c. horned deity surrounded by animals, Mohenjo-daro (JOSHI – PARPOLA 1987:M-304); courtesy of the Archaeological Survey of India.

ṭhaṭera 'buffalo horns'. Rebus: ṭhaṭerā 'brass worker'

meḍha 'polar star' (Marathi). Rebus: meḍ 'iron' (Ho.Mu.)

kamadha 'penance' Rebus: kammata 'coiner, mint'

karã̄ n. pl. wristlets, banglesRebus: khAr 'blacksmith, iron worker'

rango 'buffalo' Rebus:rango 'pewter' 

kari 'elephant' ibha 'elephant' Rebus: karba 'iron' ib 'iron'

kola 'tiger' Rebus: kol 'working in iron'

gaNDA 'rhinoceros' Rebus: kaNDa 'im;lements'

mlekh 'antelope, goat' Rebus: milakkha 'copper'

meD 'body' Rebus: meD 'iron''copper'

http://bharatkalyan97.blogspot.in/2015/10/art-historians-dilemma-and-occams-razor.html

dhatu 'scarf' Rebus: dhatu 'mineral 

m453B. Scarf as pigtail of seated person.Kneeling adorant and serpent on the field.

khaṇḍiyo [cf. khaṇḍaṇī a tribute] tributary; paying a tribute to a superior king (Gujarti) Rebus: khaṇḍaran,  khaṇḍrun ‘pit furnace’ (Santali)

paṭa. 'serpent hood' Rebus: pata ‘sharpness (of knife), tempered (metal). padm ‘tempered iron’ (Kota) 

Seated person in penance. Wears a scarf as pigtail and curved horns with embedded stars and a twig. 

mēḍha The polar star. (Marathi) Rebus: meḍ ‘iron’ (Ho.) dula ‘pair’ (Kashmiri); Rebus: dul ‘cast (metal)’(Santali) ḍabe, ḍabea ‘large horns, with a sweeping upward curve, applied to buffaloes’ (Santali) Rebus: ḍab, ḍhimba, ḍhompo ‘lump (ingot?)’, clot, make a lump or clot, coagulate, fuse, melt together (Santali) kūtī = bunch of twigs (Skt.) Rebus: kuṭhi = (smelter) furnace (Santali) The narrative on this metalware catalog is thus: (smelter) furnace for iron and for fusing together cast metal. kamaḍha ‘penance’.Rebus 1: kaṇḍ ‘stone (ore) metal’.Rebus 2: kampaṭṭa‘mint’. 

http://bharatkalyan97.blogspot.in/2013/06/ancient-near-east-scarf-hieroglyph-on.html

Proto-Elamite seal impressions, Susa. Seated bulls in penance posture. (After Amiet 1980: nos. 581, 582).

Hieroglyph: kamaDha 'penance' (Prakritam) Rebus: kammaTTa 'coiner, mint'

Hieroglyph: dhanga 'mountain range' Rebus: dhangar 'blacksmith'
Hieroglyph: rango 'buffalo' Rebus: rango 'pewter'.

Mohenjo-daro. Square seal depicting a nude male deity with three faces, seated in yogic position on a throne, wearing bangles on both arms and an elaborate headdress. Five symbols of the Indus script appear on either side of the headdress which is made of two outward projecting buffalo style curved horns, with two upward projecting points. A single branch with three pipal leaves rises from the middle of the headdress. 

Seven bangles are depicted on the left arm and six on the right, with the hands resting on the knees. The heels are pressed together under the groin and the feet project beyond the edge of the throne. The feet of the throne are carved with the hoof of a bovine as is seen on the bull and unicorn seals. The seal may not have been fired, but the stone is very hard. A grooved and perforated boss is present on the back of the seal.
Material: tan steatite Dimensions: 2.65 x 2.7 cm, 0.83 to 0.86 thickness Mohenjo-daro, DK 12050
Islamabad Museum, NMP 50.296 Mackay 1938: 335, pl. LXXXVII, 222 

kūdī 'bunch of twigs' (Sanskrit)  Rebus: kuṭhi 'smelter furnace' (Santali) कूदी [p= 300,1] f. a bunch of twigs , bunch (v.l. कूट्/ई) AV. v , 19 , 12 Kaus3.ccord. to Kaus3. , Sch. = बदरी, "Christ's thorn".(Monier-Williams)

Hieroglyph: kamaḍha ‘penance’ (Pkt.) Rebus 1: kampaṭṭa  ‘mint’ (Ma.) kamaṭa = portable furnace for melting precious metals (Te.);Rebus 2: kaṇḍa ‘fire-altar' (Santali); kan ‘copper’ (Ta.)  

Hieroglyph: karã̄ n. pl. ʻwristlets, bangles ʼ (Gujarati); kara 'hand' (Rigveda) Rebus: khAr 'blacksmith' (Kashmiri) 

The bunch of twigs = ku_di_, ku_t.i_ (Skt.lex.) ku_di_ (also written as ku_t.i_ in manuscripts) occurs in the Atharvaveda (AV 5.19.12) and Kaus’ika Su_tra (Bloomsfield’s ed.n, xliv. cf. Bloomsfield, American Journal of Philology, 11, 355; 12,416; Roth, Festgruss an Bohtlingk,98) denotes it as a twig. This is identified as that of Badari_, the jujube tied to the body of the dead to efface their traces. (See Vedic Index, I, p. 177).[Note the twig adoring the head-dress of a horned, standing person]

m1186 seal. kaula— m. ‘worshipper of Śakti according to left—hand ritual’, khōla—3 ‘lame’; Khot. kūra— ‘crooked’ BSOS ix 72 and poss. Sk. kōra— m. ‘movable joint’ Suśr.] Ash. kṓlƏ ‘curved, crooked’; Dm. kōla ‘crooked’, Tir. kṓolƏ; Paš. kōlā́ ‘curved, crooked’, Shum. kolā́ṇṭa; Kho. koli ‘crooked’, (Lor.) also ‘lefthand, left’; Bshk. kōl ‘crooked’; Phal. kūulo; Sh. kōlu̯ ‘curved, crooked’ (CDIAL 3533). 

Rebus: kol ‘pancaloha’ (Tamil)

bhaTa 'worshipper' Rebus: bhaTa 'furnace' baTa 'iron' (Gujarati)

saman 'make an offering (Santali) samanon 'gold' (Santali)

minDAl 'markhor' (Torwali) meDho 'ram' (Gujarati)(CDIAL 10120) Rebus: me~Rhet, meD 'iron' (Mu.Ho.Santali)

heraka 'spy' (Samskritam) Rebus:eraka 'molten metal, copper'

maNDa 'branch, twig' (Telugu) Rebus: maNDA 'warehouse, workshop' (Konkani)\karibha, jata kola Rebus: karba, ib, jasta, 'iron, zinc, metal (alloy of five metals)

maNDi 'kneeling position' Rebus: mADa 'shrine; mandil 'temple' (Santali)

dhatu 'scarf' Rebus: dhatu 'mineral ore' (Santali)

The rice plant adorning the curved horn of the person (woman?) with the pig-tail is kolmo; read rebus, kolme ‘smithy’. Smithy of what? Kol ‘pancaloha’. The curving horn is: kod.u = horn; rebus: kod. artisan’s workshop (Kuwi)

The long curving horns may also connote a ram on h177B tablet:

h177B4316 Pict-115: From R.—a person standing under an ornamental arch; a kneeling adorant; a ram with long curving horns.

The ram read rebus: me~d. ‘iron’; glyph: me_n.d.ha ram; min.d.a_l markhor (Tor.); meh ram (H.); mei wild goat (WPah.) me~r.hwa_ a bullock with curved horns like a ram’s (Bi.) me~r.a_, me~d.a_ ram with curling horns (H.)

https://kalyan97.wordpress.com/2007/06/29/mleccha-written-read-rebus/

Hieroglyph: kamadha 'penance' Rebus: kammata 'coiner, mint'.

Prakritam gloss: kamad.ha, kamat.ha, kamad.haka, kamad.haga, kamad.haya= a type of penance.

The venerated, person seated in a type of penance has been rendered in Indus Script cipher as kamaDha 'penance' (Prakritam) Rebus: kammaTTa 'coiner, mint'. What did the kneeling adorant as Signs 45 and 46 signifY? I have suggested the cipher: bhaTa 'worshipper' rebus: bhaTa 'furnace'.
Prakritam lexis.

Ganweriwala tablet. Ganeriwala or Ganweriwala (Urdu: گنےریوالا‎ Punjabi: گنیریوالا) is a Sarasvati-Sindhu civilization site in Cholistan, Punjab, Pakistan.

Glyphs on a broken molded tablet, Ganweriwala. The reverse includes the 'rim-of-jar' glyph in a 3-glyph text. Observe shows a  person seated on a stool and a kneeling adorant below.

Hieroglyph: kamadha 'penance' Rebus: kammata 'coiner, mint'.

Reading rebus three glyphs of text on Ganweriwala tablet: brass-worker, scribe, turner:

1. kuṭila ‘bent’; rebus: kuṭila, katthīl = bronze (8 parts copper and 2 parts tin) [cf. āra-kūṭa, ‘brass’ (Skt.) (CDIAL 3230) 

2. Glyph of ‘rim of jar’: kárṇaka m. ʻ projection on the side of a vessel, handle ʼ ŚBr. [kárṇa -- ]Pa. kaṇṇaka -- ʻ having ears or corners ʼ; (CDIAL 2831) kaṇḍa kanka; Rebus: furnace account (scribe). kaṇḍ = fire-altar (Santali); kan = copper (Tamil) khanaka m. one who digs , digger , excavator Rebus: karanikamu. Clerkship: the office of a Karanam or clerk. (Telugu) káraṇa n. ʻ act, deed ʼ RV. [√kr̥1] Pa. karaṇa -- n. ʻdoingʼ; NiDoc. karana,  kaṁraṁna ʻworkʼ; Pk. karaṇa -- n. ʻinstrumentʼ(CDIAL 2790)

3. khareḍo = a currycomb (G.) Rebus: kharādī ‘ turner’ (G.) 

See: http://bharatkalyan97.blogspot.in/2013/07/witzels-breath-taking-announcement-of.html 

Hieroglyph: मेढा [mēḍhā] A twist or tangle arising in thread or cord, a curl or snarl (Marathi). Rebus: meḍ 'iron, copper' (Munda. Slavic) mẽṛhẽt, meD 'iron' (Mu.Ho.Santali)

meď 'copper' (Slovak)

http://bharatkalyan97.blogspot.in/2015/11/ornamental-endless-knot-svastika-other.html

Ganeriwala is situated near the Indian border on the dry river bed of the Ghaggar-Hakra (also called the Sarasvati River), now a part of vast desert. It is spread over 80 hectares and comparable in size with the largest sites of the Indus Valley Civilization, such as Mohenjo-daro. A terrecotta tablet is a significant find. In this seal, a cross legged person (suggested as yogic posture) and a kneeling person below a tree and upon a tree are depicted. Such kneeling persons on tree, particularly in front of a tiger like animal, are shown in tablets or seals found at Harappa (H 163 a), Mohenjadaro(M 309 a) and Kalibangan (K 49a).  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganeriwala

Excerpts from a recent report (Dr. Vasant Shinde and Dr. Rick Willis) on copper plates with Indus script inscriptions:"The copper plates described in this article are believed to date from the Mature Harappan period, 2600–1900 BC. They were given to the second author in 2011, who realized that the plates were unusual, as they were large and robust, and bore mirrored Indus script as found in seals, but the inscriptions were relatively finely incised and unlikely capable of leaving satisfactory impressions, as with a seal...The copper plates superficially resemble large Indus Valley seals, as seven of the plates bear an image of an animal or person, plus reversed text. Two of the copper plates bear only mirrored Indus characters boldly engraved in two rows. The plates are illustrated in Figure 2...

• kamaḍha ‘penance’ Rebus: kammaṭa ‘mint, coiner’. 
• koḍ = horns (Santali); koḍ ‘workshop’ (G.)
• Pair of fishes (hieroglyph on the chest of the seated person): dula 'pair' Rebus: dul 'cast metal' ayo 'fish' Rebus: ayas 'metal alloy'; aya'iron' (Gujarati). Thus dul aya 'cast metal alloy'.

http://bharatkalyan97.blogspot.in/2014/10/meluhha-hieroglyphs-evidence-of.html

  
Text on obverse of the tablet m453A: Text 1629. m453BC Seated in penance, the person is flanked on either side by a kneeling adorant, offering a pot and a hooded serpent rearing up. 

Glyph: kaṇḍo ‘stool’. Rebus; kaṇḍ ‘furnace’. Vikalpa: kaṇḍ ‘stone (ore) metal’.  Rebus: kamaḍha ‘penance’. Rebus 1: kaṇḍ ‘stone ore’. Rebus 2: kampaṭṭa ‘mint’. Glyph: ‘serpent hood’: paṭa. Rebus: pata ‘sharpness (of knife), tempered (metal). padm ‘tempered iron’ (Ko.) Glyph: rimless pot: baṭa. Rebus: bhaṭa ‘smelter, furnace’. It appears that the message of the glyphics is about a mint  or metal workshop which produces sharpened, tempered iron (stone ore) using a furnace.

Rebus readings of glyphs on text of inscription:

koṇḍa bend (Ko.); Tu. Kōḍi  corner; kōṇṭu angle, corner, crook. Nk. Kōnṭa corner (DEDR 2054b)  G. khū̃ṭṛī  f. ʻangleʼRebus: kõdā ‘to turn in a lathe’(B.) कोंद kōnda ‘engraver, lapidary setting or infixing gems’ (Marathi) koḍ ‘artisan’s workshop’ (Kuwi) koḍ  = place where artisans work (G.) ācāri koṭṭya ‘smithy’ (Tu.) कोंडण [kōṇḍaṇa] f A fold or pen. (Marathi) B. kõdā ‘to turn in a lathe’; Or.kū̆nda ‘lathe’, kũdibā, kū̃d ‘to turn’ (→ Drav. Kur. Kū̃d ’ lathe’) (CDIAL 3295)  

aṭar ‘a splinter’ (Ma.) aṭaruka ‘to burst, crack, sli off,fly open; aṭarcca ’ splitting, a crack’; aṭarttuka ‘to split, tear off, open (an oyster) (Ma.); aḍaruni ‘to crack’ (Tu.) (DEDR 66) Rebus: aduru ‘native, unsmelted metal’ (Kannada) 

ãs = scales of fish (Santali); rebus: aya ‘metal, iron’ (Gujarati.) cf. cognate to amśu 'soma' in Rigveda: ancu 'iron' (Tocharian)

G.karã̄ n. pl. ‘wristlets, bangles’; S. karāī f. ’wrist’ (CDIAL 2779).  Rebus: khār खार् ‘blacksmith’ (Kashmiri)

dula ‘pair’; rebus dul ‘cast (metal)’

Glyph of ‘rim of jar’: kárṇaka m. ʻ projection on the side of a vessel, handle ʼ ŚBr. [kárṇa -- ]Pa. kaṇṇaka -- ʻ having ears or corners ʼ; (CDIAL 2831) kaṇḍa kanka; Rebus: furnace account (scribe). kaṇḍ = fire-altar (Santali); kan = copper (Tamil) khanaka m. one who digs , digger , excavator Rebus: karanikamu. Clerkship: the office of a Karanam or clerk. (Telugu) káraṇa n. ʻ act, deed ʼ RV. [√kr̥1] Pa. karaṇa -- n. ʻdoingʼ; NiDoc. karana,  kaṁraṁna ʻworkʼ; Pk. karaṇa -- n. ʻinstrumentʼ(CDIAL 2790)

The suggested rebus readings indicate that the Indus writing served the purpose of artisans/traders to create metalware, stoneware, mineral catalogs -- products with which they carried on their life-activities in an evolving Bronze Age.

http://bharatkalyan97.blogspot.in/2015/04/migrating-channels-of-vedic-river.html

Cernunnos is shown seated in penance (comparable to the sitting posture of the seated person on the Mohenjo-daro seal m0304).

Hieroglyph: kamaḍha ‘penance’ (Prakritam) Rebus: kammaṭa ‘mint, coiner’(Telugu). 

Distribution of some proto Indi-European terms relating to wheeled vehicles (After Anthony, Daviid W., 1995, Horse, wagon and chariot: Indo-European languages and archaeology. Antiquity 69: 554-565; fig. 1, p.557)

   4538 cakrá m.n. ʻ wheel ʼ RV., ʻ potter's wheel ʼ ŚBr., ʻ oil mill ʼ Mn., ʻ circle ʼ R., cakrīˊ -- f. ʻ wheel ʼ RV.
Pa. cakka -- n. ʻ wheel ʼ, Pk. cakka -- , ˚aya -- n.; Kho. (Lor.) č*lkvr ʻ spinning wheel ʼ (with *l for o fr. č*lxvr ← Ir. BSOS viii 660); Sh. gil. čărkŭ m. ʻ wheel, spinning wheel ʼ, (Lor.) gil. čurūk, gur. čorōk ʻ buttocks ʼ (→ Ḍ. čərōk); K. ċakhar, dat. ˚kras m., ċạkhürü f. ʻ wheel ʼ; S. caku m. ʻ potter's wheel ʼ, ˚kī f. ʻ hand -- mill ʼ; L. cakkar m. ʻ wheel ʼ, awāṇ. cakkur; P. cakkar m. ʻ circuit, ring ʼ, cakk m. ʻ potter's wheel ʼ; WPah. cakkī ʻ mill ʼ; Ku. cāk(h) ʻ bunch of bananas ʼ, cāk(h)o ʻ hand -- mill ʼ, gng. ċak(h) ʻ stone -- mill ʼ; N. cāk ʻ buttocks ʼ (semant. cf. Sh. above, Pk. cakkāāra -- as epithet of ʻ buttock ʼ and K. s.v. cakrala -- ), cāko ʻ anything round ʼ, mah ko c˚ ʻ honeycomb ʼ; A. sāk ʻ potter's wheel ʼ, sākā ʻ wheel ʼ, ˚ki ʻ small round bunch of flowers ʼ; B. cāk ʻ wheel, comb or hive of bees or wasps ʼ, cākā ʻ wheel ʼ, ˚kī ʻ grindstone ʼ; Or. caka ʻ wheel, potter's wheel ʼ, cakā ʻ round stone ʼ, cakī ʻ mill -- stone ʼ; Bi. cāk ʻ wheel, potter's wheel ʼ, (Gaya) cakkā ʻ wheel ʼ; Mth. cāk ʻ wheel, potter's wheel, pastry board ʼ; Bhoj. cāk ʻ wheel ʼ; Aw. lakh. cakiā ʻ stone -- mill ʼ; H. cākm. ʻ any kind of wheel, millstone ʼ (mau -- cāk m. ʻ honeycomb ʼ), cākā m. ʻ wheel, sod of turf ʼ, cākī f. ʻ millstone ʼ; G. cāk m. ʻ wheel, potter's wheel, millstone ʼ, ˚kī f. ʻ circular piece fixed in axle ʼ, ˚kũ n. ʻ a thick roundish mass ʼ; M. ċāk n. ʻ wheel ʼ, ˚kī f. ʻ circular flat piece of metal ʼ; Ko. ċāka n. ʻ wheel ʼ; Si. saka ʻ wheel, circle ʼ.
cakraka -- , cakrala -- , cakriṇī -- , cakríya -- , cākrika -- ; *cakracāra -- , cakranakha -- , cakranābhi -- , *cakrapati -- , *cakrapattra -- , cakramarda -- , *cakrayaṣṭi -- , cakravartin -- , cakravāṭa -- , cakravyūha -- .
Addenda: cakrá -- : S.kcch. cakk m. ʻ potter's wheel ʼ, WPah.kṭg. ċɔkkər m., J. cakkar m. prob. ← P. Him.I 89; Garh. cāk; -- Ko. ċāka rather ʻ slice ʼ.
†cakrin -- .

   4539 cakraka ʻ circular ʼ W. [cakrá -- ]
Pk. cakkāga -- , Or. cakā, H. cākā.

   4541 *cakracāra ʻ course of a wheel ʼ. [Cf. cakracārin- ʻ flying in a circle ʼ Hariv. -- cakrá -- , cāra -- 1]
M. cakārī f. ʻ wheel rut, wheeling round (of a carriage) ʼ.

   25 *akṣakīla cf. akṣāgrakīla -- , ˚aka -- m. ʻ lynch -- pin ʼ lex. [ákṣa -- 1, kīla -- ]
Bi. (Patna) akhailā ʻ axle of brick -- crusher ʼ.

  21 ákṣa1 m. ʻ axle ʼ RV., ʻ collar -- bone ʼ ŚBr., ʻ temporal bone ʼ Yājñ., akṣaka -- m.n. ʻ collar -- bone ʼ Suśr. [Perh. conn. ákṣu -- ]
Pa. akkha -- m. ʻ axle ʼ, ˚aka -- m. ʻ collar-bone ʼ; Pk. akkha<-> m. ʻ collar-bone ʼ, KharI. akha -- ; Or. akha ʻ axle-tree ʼ; Bi. akhaut ʻ axle of grain -- husker ʼ, akhautā ʻ do. of brick -- crusher ʼ (+ ?); G. ã̄k m. ʻ axle ʼ, M. ās, ã̄s m. ʻ axle, temple of head ʼ (→ G. ã̄s m. ʻ axis ʼ), ã̄kh m. ʻ axle ʼ; Si. aka ʻ axle ʼ, akuva ʻ collar -- bone ʼ (< akṣaka -- Geiger GS 30).

akṣadhur f. ʻ pin or pole of axle ʼ. [ákṣa -- 1, dhúr -- ]

M. ākhrī, akh˚ f. ʻ beam over the axle on which the frame of the cart rests ʼ; Si. akura ʻ axle of a wheel ʼ.(CDIAL 31)

39 akṣavāṭa -- , -- pāṭa -- m. ʻ wrestling ground ʼ lex. [lit. ʻ fence of poles ʼ or ʻ dicing ground ʼ ? -- akṣa -- 1 or 2, vāṭa -- 1]
Pa. akkhavāṭa -- m. ʻ fence round wrestling arena ʼ; Pk. akkhavāḍaga -- m. ʻ wrestling ground ʼ, akkhāḍaga -- , ˚aya<-> m. ʻ dicing ground ʼ; L. mult. akhāṛhā, khāṛ(h)ā m. ʻ wrestling ground, place where indigo is dried, cattletrack through waste land ʼ; awāṇ. khāṛā m. ʻ wrestling ground ʼ, P. akāṛhā, ˚ṛā, kāṛhā, ˚ṛā m.; A. ākharā ʻ practising dancing and singing ʼ; B. ākhaṛā ʻ wrestling ground ʼ, ākhaṛāi ʻ rehearsal ʼ; Or. ākhaṛā ʻ meeting place for dancing and singing ʼ; H. akhāṛā m. ʻ wrestling ground ʼ (→ K. akahār m., N. akhāṛā, M. akhāḍām.); G. ākhāṛɔ, akh˚ m. ʻ wrestling place, monastery ʼ.

dhaurēyá (a) m. ʻ beast of burden ʼ lex., ˚aka -- m. Veṇīs. (b) ʻ being foremost ʼ (cf. dhúrya -- ʻ foremost ʼ AV.).
2. *dhaura -- 2. 3. *dhaurya -- . [*dhuriya -- : dhúr -- ]
1. (a) Pa. dhōreyya -- ʻ accustomed to the yoke ʼ. dhōrayha -- m. ʻ beast of burden ʼ (X dhūrvaha -- m. ʻ id. ʼ?); Pk. dhōrēya -- , ˚riya -- ʻ capable of bearing a load ʼ; P. dhorī, dhoryā m. ʻ ox ʼ, H. G. dhorī m. -- (b) Pk. dhōrēya -- . ˚riya -- m. ʻ leader ʼ; H. dhore ʻ near ʼ; G. dhorī ʻ main (of a road) ʼ.
2. Paš. dōr ʻ face, mouth, side ʼ IIFL iii 3, 57; -- H. ḍhor m. ʻ cattle ʼ?

3. Pk. dhojja -- ʻ capable of bearing a load ʼ, m. ʻ leader ʼ.(CDIAL 6884)

6826 dhúr f. ʻ yoke or yoke -- pin ʼ RV., dhurā -- f. ʻ id. ʼ Āpast., dhurikā -- f. ʻ axle -- pin ʼ KātyŚr.com., dhurá -- m. (in cmpds.) ʻ burden ʼ MBh.
Pa. dhura -- m.n. ʻ yoke, pole, forepart of anything, leader ʼ; Pk. dhura -- n., ˚rā -- f. ʻ pole, load ʼ, dhurī -- f. ʻ cart -- yoke, pole, axle ʼ; S. dhuru m., ˚ri f. ʻ origin, source ʼ (˚ri f. also ʻ side, party ʼ), dhuro m. ʻ side stick of a lathe holding the article being turned ʼ; L. dhur f. ʻ beginning ʼ, dhurā m. ʻ base of spinning -- wheel, cross -- piece ʼ; P. dhur m. ʻ axletree, extremity, beginning ʼ, dhurī f. ʻ axletree ʼ, dhurā m. ʻ pole ʼ; Ku. dhūr, dhuri f. ʻ ridge on a roof ʼ, dhuro m. ʻ ridge, mountain peak ʼ; N. dhuro ʻ pole between a pair of yoked animals ʼ, dhuri ʻ axletree, rooftree ʼ, (Tarai) dhur ʻ a partic. measure of land ʼ; A. dhurā ʻ axle ʼ, dhur ʻ a measure of land ʼ; B. Or. dhurā ʻ pole ʼ; Or. dhuri ʻ in front ʼ, ḍhuri ʻ triangular prop for front of a cart ʼ; Bi. dhūrā, ˚rī ʻ axle ʼ; Mth. dhur ʻ embankment, road ʼ, dhurī ʻ pole of waggon ʼ; H. dhur m. ʻ forepart of pole where yoke is fixed, beginning, limit, end ʼ, dhurā m. ʻ axle, axletree, pole, yoke, border, limits of village ʼ, dhurī f. ʻ pole, iron part of axle ʼ; G. dhur n. ʻ yoke ʼ, dhar f. ʻ yoke, beginning ʼ, dharī f. ʻ axle ʼ; M. dhūr f. ʻ pole, thill -- yoke, front part ʼ, dhurā m. ʻ boundary of village ʼ, dhurī f. ʻ pole of cart or plough ʼ.
*dhuriya -- , *dhaura -- , dhaurēyá -- , *dhaurya -- ; *dhuradulaka -- , *dhuradhara -- , *dhurapaṭṭa -- , *dhurāṇi -- , *dhūrśala -- ; akṣadhur -- .
dhuraṁdhara -- see *dhuradhara -- .
Addenda: dhúr -- : WPah.kṭg. dhūˋr, dhùrɔ m. ʻ extremity, end of rope or loincloth or field, mountain peak ʼ; J. dhūr f. ʻ uppermost part of a roof, peak, direction ʼ.

   6827 *dhuradulaka ʻ hole in roof ʼ. [dhúr -- , *dula -- ]
M. dhuroḷẽ n. ʻ smoke -- vent in roof ʼ.

6828 *dhuradhara -- , dhuraṁdhara -- ʻ bearing a yoke, fit to be harnessed ʼ MBh. [dhúr -- , dhara -- ]
Pk. dhuraṁdhara -- ʻ capable of bearing a load ʼ; G. dharār, dharāḷ ʻ able to bear the yoke ʼ.

   6829 *dhurapaṭṭa ʻ axle board ʼ. [dhúr -- , paṭṭa -- 1]
Bi. dhurauṭī ʻ sides of cart projecting over wheels ʼ.

   6830 *dhurāṇi ʻ yoke -- pin ʼ. [dhúr -- , āṇí -- ]
M. dhurāṇī f. ʻ yoke -- pin ʼ.

6831 *dhuriya -- , dhúrya -- ʻ fit to be harnessed ʼ Pāṇ., ʻ foremost ʼ AV., m. ʻ beast of burden ʼ Mn., dhurīya -- ʻ fit for a burden ʼ, m. ʻ beast of burden ʼ lex. [dhúr -- ]
Wg. durīˊ ʻ bull ʼ; Bi. dhūrī, dhuriyā ʻ the wheeler in a team of three bullocks ʼ. -- In Bi. dhūr ʻ bullock, cattle (in general) ʼ loss of final syllable is unexpl.

Discovery sites of Indus seals and inscriptions (After CISI2:448) (CISI = Corpus of Indus seals and inscriptions 1: Collectionsin India, ed. Jagat Pati Joshi & Asko Parpola. 1987. 2: Collections in Pakistan, ed. Sayid Ghulam Mustafa & Asko Parpola, 1991. 3: Newmaterial, untraced objects and collections outside India and Pakistan, ed. Asko Parpola, BM Pande & Peleri Koskikalli,Part 1: Mohenjo-daro and Harapa. In collaboration with Richard H.Meadow & J. Mark Kenoyer 2010; Part 2: All sites, in preparation (Annales Academiae Scientiarum Fennicae B/H 239, 240, 359) Helsinki Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia.)

Example of rebus representation of hieroglyphs rendering King Narmer on Narmer Palette; Egyptian n'r- cat fish; Egyptian mr-awl. Two-sign hieroglyphic inscription of ca. 3100 BCE.  Detail of Narmer’s Palette (After Flinders Petrie, WM. 1953. Ceremonial slate palettes (British School of Egyptian archaeology, vol. 66A). London British School of Egyptian Archaeology, K26)

Source: https://www.slideshare.net/ravinaidgorle/a-dravidiansoluti133901a

   ḍōl 2 डोल् । आनकः m. a large drum, a kind of kettle-drum (Śiv. 1029, K. 1009). (Kashmiri)

ḍhōla m. ʻ large drum ʼ Rudray. 2. *ḍhōlla -- . [Only OAw. definitely attests -- l -- ]
1. Gy. pal. daul ʻ drum ʼ, Paš. ḍūl (← Par. ḍuhūl IIFL iii 3, 65), Kho. (Lor.) dol, K. ḍōl m., kash. ḍhōl, L. P. Ku. N. A. B. ḍhol, OAw. ḍhora m., H. ḍhol m. -- Ext. -- kk -- : L. ḍholkī f. ʻ small drum ʼ, Ku. ḍholko, H. ḍholak f.
2. Pk. ḍholla -- m., Or. ḍhola, Mth. Bhoj. Aw. lakh. Marw. G. M. ḍhol m.(CDIAL 5608)

   ډول ḏḏol, s.m. (2nd) The hopper of a mill of either wood or iron. 2. A large drum. 3. A bucket for drawing water. 4. The large cog- wheel of a Persian wheel which is nearest the bullocks. Pl. ډولونه ḏḏolūnah (HI ډهول).

   ډهولکيَ ḏḏolkaey, s.m. (1st) A small drum. Pl. يِ ī (dimin. of the above). ډول وهل ḏḏol wahal, verb trans. To beat a drum.

மந்தரம்¹ mantaram, n. < mandara. 1. Mt. Mandara, one of aṣṭa-kula-parvatam, q.v.; அஷ்டகுலபர்வதங்களி லொன்றான மந்தரமலை. மந்தர மீதுபோகி (திவ். பெரியதி. 11, 4, 5). 2. Mt. Mēru; மகாமேரு. மந்தரநற் பொருசிலையா வளைத்துக் கொண்டார் (தேவா. 1232, 5). 3. Svarga; சுவர்க்கம். (யாழ். அக.) 4. Temple of 875 hands' width and of like height with 875 towers and 110 floors; எண்ணூற்றெழுபத்தைந்து முழ அகலமும் அவ்வளவு உயரமும் கொண்டு 875 சிகரங் களும் 110 மேனிலைக்கட்டுக்களுமுடைய கோயில். (சுக்கிரநீதி, 229.)

This is an addendm to 

The obverse and reverse of the faience-tablet m453 from Mohenjo-daro (After CISI I:111). The same text composed of the last three hieroglyphs of m453 text, is repeated on both sides of a two-sided tablet H182.

h723 Obverse of moulded tablet (After CISI 2:319)

Seal h669 flipped to show how the message appears on impression (After CISI 2:310) 

It is remarkable that this hieroglyph constitutes the signature tune of one of the longest inscriptions of Indus Script.

Longest inscription m0314 of Indus Script Corpora is catalogue of a guild-master. The guild master is signified by Indus Script hypertext 'squirrel' hieroglyph 'khāra, šē̃ṣṭrĭ̄' Rebus: plaintext: khār 'blacksmith' 

śrēṣṭhin 'guild-master' (Aitareya Brāhmaṇa).

  The guild-master signs off on the inscription by affixing his hieroglyph: palm squirrel,Sciurus palmarum'

The squirrel sign signifies 'šē̃ṣṭrĭ̄ ʻflying squirrelʼ, rebus 'šē̃ṣṭrĭ̄ ʻguild master';  سیټه seṯṯh, s.m. (5th) A banker, a merchant. Pl. سیټڼان seṯṯhān (Pashto) PLUS खार [ khāra ] A squirrel, Sciurus palmarum. खारी [ khārī ] f (Usually खार) A squirrel. (Marathi) rebus khār 'blacksmith (Kashmiri). Thus, the squirrel signifies a guild-master of a blacksmith-guild. 

 Nd-1 Squirrel hieroglyph engraved as part of text message on Nindowari seal (After CISI 2:419)

h771 Obverse of moulded tablet (After CISI 2:324)

Nausharo seal (After CISI 3:2)

h771Modern seal impression (After CISI 2:143)

m241seal (After CISI 1:60); m241 modern seal impression (After CISI 1:60)

After Fig. 15 in Parpla https://www.harappa.com/sites/default/files/pdf/script-indus-parpola.pdf (a) sequence ‘thigh’ + ‘fish’ at the beginning of the inscription on seal m1690 Mohenjo-daro, from n old photograph of a modern impression (After CISI 3.1:17); (b) a clearly recognizable variant of ‘hind leg’ or ‘thigh’ sign in a modern impression of seal m71 from Mohenjo-daro (After CISI 1:31)

Sign18 is a ligaturedSign1 with an upraised hand Rebus reading is: med 'body' rebus: med 'iron' (Mu.Ho.) PLUS eaka 'upraised hand, shoulde' rebus: eraka 'moltencast, metal infusion'

Sign162 kolmo 'rice plant' rebus: kolimi 'smithy, forge' PLUS sal 'splinter'rebus: sal 'workshop'.

Sign25 is a ligatures Sign 1 holding a stick. Rebus reading is: med 'body' rebusmed 'iron' (Mu.Ho.); med 'copper' (Slavic languages) PLUS śalá 1 m. ʻ staff ʼ TBr.,rebus: sala 'workshop'

PLUS 'leg' or 'thigh'

Sign12 kuṭi 'water-carrier' (Telugu) rebus: kuṭhi 'smelter' (Santali)

Sign 1 also signifies:

कर्णक m. du. the two legs spread out AV. xx , 133 , 3 rebus: karNI 'helmsman' करण m. writer , scribe W. m. a man of a mixed class (the son of an outcast क्षत्रिय Mn. x , 22 ; or the son of a शूद्र woman by a वैश्य Ya1jn5. i , 92; or the son of a वैश्य woman by a क्षत्रिय MBh. i , 2446 ; 4521 ; the occupation of this class is writing , accounts &c ) (Samskrtam) कारणी or 

कारणीक [ kāraṇī or kāraṇīka ] a (कारण S) That causes, conducts, carries on, manages. Applied to the prime minister of a state, the supercargo of a ship &c. (Marathi)  [kárṇa -- , dhāra -- 1] Pa. kaṇṇadhāra -- m. ʻ helmsman ʼ; Pk. kaṇṇahāra -- m. ʻ helmsman, sailor ʼ; H. kanahār m. ʻ helmsman, fisherman (CDIAL 2836) 

Thus, the message on m71 Indus Script inscription is:

Metalcasting (metal infusion) mint iron/copper workshop (with) smelter, smithy/forge.

On Seal m1690, the pair of signs, 'leg or thigh' PLUS 'fish' is read rebus as: aya 'fish' rebus: aya 'iron' ayas 'alloy metal' PLUS टांग ṭāṅga 'leg, thigh' rebus: टंक [ ṭaṅka ] m S A stone-cutter's chisel;  ṭāṅkasāḷa f (टंकशाला S) A mint.

Together with the one-horned young bull, (The one-horned young bull or 'unicorn' is: कोंद kōnda 'young bull' rebus: कोंद kōnda 'engraver'; kunda 'a treasure'.kō̃da कोँद 'potter's kiln')the inscriptions on m1690 and m71 signifies the wealth-creation activities in a mint by Sarasvati-Sindhu civilization artisans. 

This is a remarkable reaffirmation of Meluhha or Indian sprachbund 'speech union' as the underlying basis for the Indus Script Cipher.

This is an addendum to: Thigh,buttock ṭã̄g PLUS fish' hieroglyphs on Indus Script signifies aya टंकशाला ṭaṅkaśālā 'alloy metal mint'. This resolves Asko Parpola's dilemma https://tinyurl.com/y6xdt34z The word टंक [ ṭaṅka ] as 'gold coin' is a short-form of the expression టంకసాల ṭanka-sāla. n. A mint.இடங்கசாலை iṭaṅka-cālai, n. < ṭaṅka +. Mint; அக்கசாலை. வேங்கடாத்திரி தேவமகாராஜய் யனுக்குத் திருவையாறு இடங்கசாலை பாலிக்கையில் (S. I. I. v, 224).   இடங்கணி iṭaṅkaṇi, n. < ṭaṅka. Chisel; உளி. (W.)   இடங்கம் iṭaṅkam, n. < ṭaṅka. 1. A weight of 24 iratti, for weighing precious stones; இரத்தினம்நிறுக்க உபயோகப்படுவதும் 24 இரத்தி

கொண்டதுமான நிறைகல். (சுக்கிரநீதி, 189.) 2. Shovel; மண்தோண்டும் படை. (நாநார்த்த.). 3. Scabbard; வாளினுறை. (நாநார்த்த.) 4. Ankle; கணைக்கால். (நாநார்த்த.). 

After Fig. 15 in Parpla https://www.harappa.com/sites/default/files/pdf/script-indus-parpola.pdf (a) sequence ‘thigh’ + ‘fish’ at the beginning of the inscription on seal m1690 Mohenjo-daro, from n old photograph of a modern impression (After CISI 3.1:17); (b) a clearly recognizable variant of ‘hind leg’ or ‘thigh’ sign in a modern impression of seal m71 from Mohenjo-daro (After CISI 1:31)

This hieroglyph is a semantic determinative of the 'thigh, buttock' hieroglyph.

The Ujjain symbol of four dotted circles on four arms of a + hieroglyph, on early coins of Ancient India provide the leads to decipher the semantics in Meluhha of hieroglyphs/hypertexts as signifiers of smelting processes and smithy/forge processes to produce ingots or metalware,wealth of a nation. This Ujjain symbol on coins of ca. 3rd/4th cent. BCE are derived from a hieroglyph registered on a Rojdi potsherd of Sarasvati-Sindhu Civilization ca. 3rd millennium BCE. A modification of the + symbol is the svastika showing the unique processes of sublimation of zinc in retorts; the sign is read rebus: sattva'svastika symbol' rebus: sattva 'zinc'.

 See: Proving that Svastika is NOT a syllable, but hypertext of logo-semantic Indus Script. History of svastika and its use on metalwork wealth-accounting ledgers 

https://tinyurl.com/y69rudws Thus, svastika symbol signifies the unique process for sublimating zinc ore.

https://www.facebook.com/groups/416065382227600/

Impression of an Indus-style cylinder seal of unknown Near Eastern origin  On this cylinder seal impression, a round blob is flanked by two bisons (water-buffaloes). rango 'buffalo' rebus: rango 'pewter' PLUS g̠oṭu 'round stone or pellet' rebus: khōṭa 'alloy ingot' Plus dula 'pair' rebus: dul 'metal casting'. Thus, the cylinder seal narrates the processes in a smelter, in a smithy and a forge for producing metal castings from ores.

Ivory rodm2093m2094 Mohenjo-daro seal

कोंद kōnda 'kiln, furnace' 

See:

Orthography of a strand on Indus Script Sign 397 and orthographic variants of twisted rope ANE artifacts signify dhā̆vaḍ'iron smelter’. 

https://tinyurl.com/y8se5as6

 

m2094m2094A See m2093

m0352Am0352Cm0352Dm0352E m0352F dhāi 'strand' (Rigveda) tri- dhāu 'three strands' rebus: dhāu 'red ore'. त्रिधातुः (magnetite, hematite, laterite) -- ferrite ores PLUS copper ore M. dhāū, dhāv m.f. ʻ a partic. soft red stone ʼ (whence dhā̆vaḍ m. ʻ a caste of iron-- smelters ʼ, dhāvḍī ʻ composed of or relating to iron ʼ(CDIAL 6773)

gaṇḍa 'four' rebus: khaṇḍa 'implements' rebus: kaṇḍa 'fire-altar'.

Numeral Sign ||||: gaṇḍa 'four' kaṇḍa 'metalware, equipment, pots and pans' gaṇḍaka m. ʻ a coin worth four cowries ʼ lex., ʻ method of counting by fours ʼ W. [← Mu. Przyluski RoczOrj iv 234] S. g̠aṇḍho m. ʻ four in counting ʼ; P. gaṇḍā m. ʻ four cowries ʼ; B. Or. H. gaṇḍā m. ʻ a group of four, four cowries ʼ; M. gaṇḍā m. ʻ aggregate of four cowries or pice ʼ.

Addenda: gaṇḍaka -- . -- With *du -- 2: OP. dugāṇā m. ʻ coin worth eight cowries ʼ.(CDIAL 4001) 4 koṛa or koḍa = 1 gaṇḍa = 4 (Santali) This is a classic example of counting in 'fours'; thus, four 'ones' make one gaṇḍa which means 'lit. group of four'.

निर्झर मुखोपाध्याय

April 9, 2019 Facebook Harappan Archaeology

Thanks to Nirjhar Mukhopadhyay for this brilliant insight, identifying a Rojdi potsherd with an Indus Script inscription. The hieroglyph used on the potsherd is used as Ujjaini symbol on thousands of ancient mint coins from Ujjain and Eran. Clearly, the hieroglyph signifies the wealth of metalwork in mints. 

See: https://twitter.com/i/status/1117872841930657792

The Ujjaini symbol is traceable to an Indus Script hypertext on Rojdi potsherd which reads: dhāvaḍ kaṇḍa 'smelter implements'. (rebus gaṇḍa 'four' since the dotted circle is shown on four arms of the symbol).

https://www.facebook.com/groups/416065382227600/

Ujjain standard symbol (which consists of four dotted circles)  which appears on thousands of ancient coins from Ujjain and Eran mints of Ancient India. The same dotted circle occurs on the pot of a Bronze Age site in Turkey, Alishar Hyyuk, close to Cadir Hoyuk. I suggest that the dotted circle is read in Meluhha (mleccha) rebus in the sites of Turkey and India.

There are two hieroglyphs in the dotted circle: 1. Dot; 2. Circle. The dot is an orthographic style to signify a strand (like a strand of thread inserted through a perforated bead). The circle hieroglyph also a livelihood activity, duty, office; the word is vatta ‘circle’ rebus:-ʻduty, office’ (Pali).

Thus, together, the hypertext of dotted ciecle signifies:  dhã̄i 'strand' rebus: dhāū, dhāv m.f. ʻ a partic. soft red stoneʼ dhatu 'mineral ore' PLUS vaṭa'string' vaṭṭa 'circle' together rebus expression: dhāvaḍ 'smelter'. Thus, the Ujjaini symbol used as an Indus Script hypertext on Rojdi potsherd reads: dhāvaḍ kaṇḍa 'smelter implements'. cf.dāya 'roll of one in dice game' தாயம் tāyam, n. < dāya. 1. Patrimony, inheritance, wealth of an ancestor capable of inheritance and partition (R. F.); பாகத்திற்குரிய பிதிரார்ச்சிதப்பொருள். 2. Share; பங்கு. (யாழ். அக.) 3. Paternal relationship; தந்தைவழிச் சுற்றம். (யாழ். அக.) 4. A fall of the dice; கவறுருட்ட விழும் விருத்தம். முற்பட இடுகின்ற தாயம் (கலித். 136, உரை). 5. Cubical pieces in dice-play; கவறு. (யாழ். அக.) 6. Number one in the game of dice; கவறுருட்ட விழும் ஒன்று என்னும் எண். Colloq. 

Hieroglyph, circle is: vr̥ttá ʻ turned ʼ RV., ʻ rounded ʼ ŚBr. 2. ʻ completed ʼ MaitrUp., ʻ passed, elapsed (of time) ʼ KauṣUp. 3. n. ʻ conduct, matter ʼ ŚBr., ʻ livelihood ʼ Hariv. [√vr̥t1]1. Pa. vaṭṭa -- ʻ round ʼ, n. ʻ circle ʼ; Pk. vaṭṭa -- , vatta -- , vitta -- , vutta -- ʻ round ʼ; L. (Ju.) vaṭ m. ʻ anything twisted ʼ; Si. vaṭa ʻ round ʼ, vaṭa -- ya ʻ circle, girth (esp. of trees) ʼ; Md. va'ʻ round ʼ GS 58; -- Paš.ar. waṭṭəwīˊk, waḍḍawik ʻ kidney ʼ ( -- wĭ̄k vr̥kká -- ) IIFL iii 3, 192? 2. Pk. vaṭṭa -- , vatta -- , vitta -- , vutta -- ʻ passed, gone away, completed, dead ʼ; Ash. weṭ -- intr. ʻ to pass (of time), pass, fall (of an avalanche) ʼ, weṭā -- tr. ʻ to pass (time) ʼ; Paš. wiṭīk ʻ passed ʼ; K.ḍoḍ. buto ʻ he was ʼ; P. batāuṇā ʻ to pass (time) ʼ; Ku. bītṇo ʻ to be spent, die ʼ, bitauṇo ʻ to pass, spend ʼ; N. bitāunu ʻ to pass (time), kill ʼ, butāunu ʻ to extinguish ʼ; Or. bitibā intr. ʻ to pass (of time), bitāibā tr.; Mth. butāb ʻ to extinguish ʼ; OAw. pret. bītā ʻ passed (of time) ʼ; H. bītnā intr. ʻ to pass (of time) ʼ, butnā ʻ to be extinguished ʼ, butānā ʻ to extinguish ʼ; G. vĭ̄tvũ intr. ʻ to pass (of time) ʼ, vatāvvũ tr. ʻ to stop ʼ(CDIAL 12069)

Rebus: Pa. vatta -- n. ʻ duty, office ʼ; Pk. vaṭṭa -- , vatta -- , vitta -- , vutta -- n. ʻ livelihood ʼ; P. buttā m. ʻ means ʼ; Ku. buto ʻ daily labour, wages ʼ; N. butā ʻ means, ability ʼ; H. oūtā m. ʻ power ʼ; Si. vaṭa ʻ subsistence, wages ʼ.

vārttā -- ; *ardhavr̥tta -- , *kaṇavr̥tta -- , *dyūtavr̥tta -- ,  (CDIAL 12069)

Hieroglyph: dhāˊtu n. ʻ substance ʼ RV., m. ʻ element ʼ MBh., ʻ metal, mineral, ore (esp. of a red colour) ʼ Mn., ʻ ashes of the dead ʼ lex., (CDIAL 6773)

Rebus: dhāˊtu*strand of rope ʼ (cf. tridhāˊtu -- ʻ threefold ʼ RV., ayugdhātu -- ʻ having an uneven number of strands ʼ KātyŚr.). [√dhā]Pa. dhātu -- m. ʻ element, ashes of the dead, relic ʼ; KharI. dhatu ʻ relic ʼ; Pk. dhāu -- m. ʻ metal, red chalk ʼ; N. dhāu ʻ ore (esp. of copper) ʼ; Or. ḍhāu ʻ red chalk, red ochre ʼ (whence ḍhāuā ʻ reddish ʼ; M. dhāū, dhāv m.f. ʻ a partic. soft red stone ʼ (whence dhā̆vaḍ m. ʻ a caste of iron -- smelters ʼ, dhāvḍī ʻ composed of or relating to iron ʼ); -- Si. dā ʻ relic ʼ; -- S. dhāī f. ʻ wisp of fibres added from time to time to a rope that is being twisted ʼ, L. dhāī˜ f.(CDIAL 6773

Alishar Hüyük (in modern Yozgat Province, Turkey) was an ancient Near Eastern city. It is near the modern village of Alişar, Sorgun....Alishar Hüyük was occupied beginning in the Chalcolithic Period, through the Bronze Age and the Hittites, and into Phrygian times. A number of Hittite-era cuneiform tablets in Old Assyrian of the Cappadocia type were found there. Mention in those tablets of the town Amkuwa has caused speculation that the site is the Ankuwa mentioned in other Hittite texts...The site was excavated between 1927 and 1932 by a team from the Oriental Institute of Chicago. The work was led by Erich Schmidt...About 12km northwest of Alishar Huyuk, there's another important archaeological site named Cadir Hoyuk (Çadır Höyük in Turkish alphabet).Recent excavators of Cadir Hoyuk have identified this site tentatively with the Hittite city of Zippalanda.Evidence of the first known settlement at Cadir Hoyuk has been radio-carbon dated to the Early Chalcolithic (5300-4500 BC); nevertheless the occupation may well be even earlier than that, and go back to Neolithic (ca. 5500 BC)...Cadir Hoyuk appears to have flourished during the Middle and Late Bronze Age (2000-1100 BC), continuing into the Iron Age.(I. J. Gelb, Inscriptions from Alishar and Vicinity, Oriental Institute Publications 27, The University of Chicago Press, 1935) Hans Henning von der Osten and Erich F. Schmidt, Researches in Anatolia 2. The Alishar Hüyük Season of 1927, Part 1, Oriental Institute Publications 6, The University of Chicago Press, 1930; Hans Henning von der Osten. Researches in Anatolia 9. The Alishar Hüyük Seasons of 1930-1932, Part 3, Oriental Institute Publications 30, The University of Chicago Press, 1937 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali%C5%9Far_H%C3%BCy%C3%BCk

Vessel with a quatrefoil mouth, Alishar, Middle Bronze Age III, 1750-1650 BC, ceramic - Oriental Institute Museum, University of Chicago

"Phyrgian painted pot (A65608) from the site of Alishar Huyuk in Turkey. The circles in the background behind the deer on the pot are thought by some scholars to be snow." (Oriental Institute). I submit that the dotted circles are NOT snow but signifiers of dhā̆vaḍ 'iron smelters’. The markhor is also an Indus Script hieroglyph: miṇḍā́l 'markhor' rebus: meḍho a ram, a sheep rebus मृदु mṛdu, mẽṛhẽt, meḍ'metal', iron'. Thus the Phyrgian pot Indus Script hypertext signifies Meluhha iron smelters at work.

Indus Script Cipher explains the sign zero (circle) as a hypertext in Meluhha (Bhāratiya sprachbund, speech union) to signify  vaṭṭa 'circle' rebus: baṭa 'iron'.

In the context of using the sign zero in place value notation, the same pair of homonyms (similar sounding words) signify: vaṭṭa 'circle' rebus: vartana 'interval or landing point in numeration'

Zero hieroglyph was chosen because it signifies  hieroglyph: vr̥ttá ʻroundedʼŚBr. rebus: vr̥ttá ʻturnedʼ RV. The cognates in Bhāratīya sprachbund with pronunciation variations are: வட்டம் vaṭṭam Circle, circular form, ring-like shape; கிழமைவட்டம் kiḻamai-vaṭṭam, n. < id. +. Week, as the cycle of seven kiḻamai;baṭṭa 'that is round' rebus: baṭṭa 'barrenness'. Given these semantics, the choice of sign zero as a circle reads: vr̥ttá 'turned' to signify a landing point or 'interval, vartana' of ten in numeration count on base 10.

A good example of the circle to signify baṭṭa 'that is round' is on this cylinder seal read rebus in Meluhha:

Sign zero is shown flankedby two bisons in the bottom register.

Impression of an Indus-style cylinder seal of unknown Near Eastern origin (After Fig. 6 

http://www.akhabataku.com/IndusScript.htm) "One of the two anthropomorphic figures carved on this seal wears the horns of water buffalo while sitting on a throne with hoofed legs, surrounded by snakes, fishes and water buffaloes. Copyrighted photo by M. Chuzeville for the Departement des antiquites orientales, Musee du Louvre." (Christian Carpelan & Asko Parpola, 2001, On the emergence, contacts and dispersalof Proto-Indo-European, Proto-Uralic andProto-Aryan in an archaeological perspective, pp. 55-150 in: Carpelan, Parpola & Koskikallio 2001, Memoires de la Societe Finno-Ougrienne 242, Helsinki. Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura). The Meluhha Indus Script readings are: 

dula 'two' rebus: dul 'metal casting'

ranga 'buffalo' rebus:  rango 'pewter'. ranga, rang pewter is an alloy of tin, lead, and antimony (anjana)  

baṭṭa 'rounded' rebus: baṭa 'iron' bhaṭa 'furnace' 

śyena 'eagle' aśani 'thunderbolt' rebus: āhangar 'blacksmith'

eraka 'wing' rebus: eraka 'molten cast, copper'

gaṇḍá4 m. ʻ rhinoceros ʼ lex., °aka -- m. lex. 2. *ga- yaṇḍa -- . [Prob. of same non -- Aryan origin as khaḍgá --1: cf. gaṇōtsāha -- m. lex. as a Sanskritized form ← Mu. PMWS 138]1. Pa. gaṇḍaka -- m., Pk. gaṁḍaya -- m., A. gãr, Or. gaṇḍā. 2. K. gö̃ḍ m., S. geṇḍo m. (lw. with g -- ), P. gaĩḍā m., °ḍī f., N. gaĩṛo, H. gaĩṛā m., G. gẽḍɔ m., °ḍī f., M. gẽḍā m.Addenda: gaṇḍa -- 4. 2. *gayaṇḍa -- : WPah.kṭg. geṇḍɔ mirg m. ʻ rhinoceros ʼ, Md. genḍā ← H. (CDIAL 4000). காண்டாமிருகம் kāṇṭā-mirukam , n. [M. kāṇṭāmṛgam.] Rhinoceros; கல்யானை. (Tamil) Rebus: kāṇḍa ‘tools, pots and pans and metal-ware’ (Gujarati)  

ayo 'fish' rebus: aya 'iron' ayas 'alloy metal'

kolmo 'rice plant' rebus: kolimi 'smithy, forge'

kuṭhi a sacred, divine tree, kuṭi 'temple' rebus kuṭhi 'a furnace for smelting iron ore'.

kūdī 'twig' kuṭhi 'smelter' PLUS  ḍhangra 'bull' rebus:  ḍhangar 'blacksmith' PLUS koḍ 'horn' rebus:koḍ 'workshop'

kola 'tiger' rebus: kol 'working in iron' kolhe 'smelter' PLUS dula 'pair' rebus: dul 'metal casting'

फडा phaḍā f (फटा S) The hood of Coluber Nága Rebus: phaḍa फड 'manufactory, company, guild'

 Ivory rod, ivory plaque with dotted circles. Mohenjodaro. [Musee National De Arts Asiatiques Guimet, 1988-1989, Les cites oubliees de l’Indus Archeologie du Pakistan.]

m1654 Ivory cube with dotted circles Dotted circle hieroglyphs on each side of the cube (one dotted circle surrounded by 7 dotted circles): dhātu 'layer, strand'; dhāv 'strand, string' Rebus: dhāu, dhātu 'ore'.(smelter) PLUS vaṭṭa 'circle' rebus: baṭa 'iron' . Together, dhā̆vaḍ 'iron-smelters'. 

Ivory counters. Mohenjo-daro. The hypertexts signify creation of hard alloys from mineral ores. Hieroglyphs: karaṇḍa 'duck' (Sanskrit) karaṛa 'a very large aquatic bird' (Sindhi) Rebus: करडा [karaḍā] Hard from alloy--iron, silver &c. (Marathi)  

dhāˊtu 'strand' Rebus: mineral: dhāˊtu n. ʻ substance ʼ RV., m. ʻ element ʼ MBh., ʻ metal, mineral, ore (esp. of a red colour) ʼ Mn., ʻ ashes of the dead ʼ lex., ʻ *strand of rope ʼ (cf. tridhāˊtu -- ʻ threefold ʼ RV., ayugdhātu -- ʻ having an uneven number of strands ʼ KātyŚr.). [√dhā] Pa. dhātu -- m. ʻ element, ashes of the dead, relic ʼ; KharI. dhatu ʻ relic ʼ; Pk. dhāu -- m. ʻ metal, red chalk ʼ; N. dhāu ʻ ore (esp. of copper) ʼ; Or. ḍhāu ʻ red chalk, red ochre ʼ (whence ḍhāuā ʻ reddish ʼ; M. dhāū, dhāv m.f. ʻ a partic. soft red stone ʼ (whence dhā̆vaḍ m. ʻ a caste of iron -- smelters ʼ, dhāvḍī ʻ composed of or relating to iron ʼ); -- Si. dā ʻ relic ʼ; -- S. dhāī f. ʻ wisp of fibres added from time to time to a rope that is being twisted ʼ, L. dhāī˜ f. (CDIAL 6773).

 Ivory rod, ivory plaque with dotted circles. Mohenjodaro. [Musee National De Arts Asiatiques Guimet, 1988-1989, Les cites oubliees de l’Indus Archeologie du Pakistan.]

 m1951a Hieroglyph: dhāˊtu 'strand' Rebus: mineral: dhāˊtu n. ʻ substance ʼ RV., m. ʻ element ʼ MBh., ʻ metal, mineral, ore (esp. of a red colour) ʼ Mn., ʻ ashes of the dead ʼ lex., ʻ *strand of rope ʼ (cf. tridhāˊtu -- ʻ threefold ʼ RV., ayugdhātu -- ʻ having an uneven number of strands ʼ KātyŚr.). [√dhā] Pa. dhātu -- m. ʻ element, ashes of the dead, relic ʼ; KharI. dhatu ʻ relic ʼ; Pk. dhāu -- m. ʻ metal, red chalk ʼ; N. dhāu ʻ ore (esp. of copper) ʼ; Or. ḍhāu ʻ red chalk, red ochre ʼ (whence ḍhāuā ʻ reddish ʼ; M.dhāū, dhāv m.f. ʻ a partic. soft red stone ʼ (whence dhā̆vaḍ m. ʻ a caste of iron -- smelters ʼ, dhāvḍī ʻ composed of or relating to iron ʼ); -- Si. dā ʻ relic ʼ; -- S. dhāī f. ʻ wisp of fibres added from time to time to a rope that is being twisted ʼ, L. dhāī˜ f. (CDIAL 6773).

m2113ABD धातु ‘strand, element’ rebus: ‘primary element of the earth, mineral, metal’  dhātu n. ʻ substance ʼ RV., m. ʻ element ʼ MBh., ʻ metal, mineral, ore (esp. of a red colour) ʼ Mn., ʻ ashes of the dead ʼ lex., ʻ *strand of rope ʼ (cf. tridhāˊtu -- ʻ threefold ʼ RV., ayugdhātu -- ʻ having an uneven number of strands ʼ KātyŚr.). [√dhā] Pa. dhātu -- m. ʻ element, ashes of the dead, relic ʼ; KharI. dhatu ʻ relic ʼ; Pk. dhāu -- m. ʻ metal, red chalk ʼ; N. dhāu ʻ ore (esp. of copper) ʼ; Or. ḍhāu ʻ red chalk, red ochre ʼ(whence ḍhāuā ʻ reddish ʼ; M. dhāū, dhāv m.f. ʻ a partic. soft red stone ʼ (whence dhā̆vaḍ m. ʻ a caste of iron -- smelters ʼ, dhāvḍī ʻ composed of or relating to iron ʼ); -- Si. dā ʻ relic ʼ; -- S. dhāī f. ʻ wisp of fibres added from time to time to a rope that is being twisted ʼ, L. dhāī˜ f.(CDIAL 6773)

dāṭu 'cross' rebus: dhatu = mineral (Santali) Hindi. dhāṭnā 'to send out, pour out, cast (metal)' (CDIAL 6771). 

dula ‘duplicated’ rebus; dul ‘metal casting’ PLUS kolmo 'rice plant' rebus: kolimi 'smithy, forge'.

kanka, karṇika 'rim of jar' rebus: karṇī 'supercargo, scribe' कर्णिक 'steersman, helmsman'

m2089A m2089BC

dhāi 'strand' (Rigveda) tri- dhāu 'three strands' rebus: dhāu 'red ore'. त्रिधातुः (magnetite, hematite, laterite) -- ferrite ores PLUS copper ore M. dhāū, dhāv m.f. ʻ a partic. soft red stone ʼ (whence dhā̆vaḍ m. ʻ a caste of iron-- smelters ʼ, dhāvḍī ʻ composed of or relating to iron ʼ(CDIAL 6773)

kanac 'corner' rebus: kancu 'bell-metal' PLUS sal 'splinter' rebus: sal 'workshop'. Thus bronze/bell-metal workshop.

meḍ ‘body’ rebus: mẽṛhẽt ‘metal’, meḍ ‘iron, copper (red ores)’ (Mu. Ho. Slavic) < mr̥du ‘iron’ mr̥id‘earth, clay, loam’ (Samskrtam)

(Deśīnāmamālā)

m2090 dhāi 'strand' (Rigveda) tri- dhāu 'three strands' rebus: dhāu 'red ore'. त्रिधातुः (magnetite, hematite, laterite) -- ferrite ores PLUS copper ore M. dhāū, dhāv m.f. ʻ a partic. soft red stone ʼ (whence dhā̆vaḍ m. ʻ a caste of iron-- smelters ʼ, dhāvḍī ʻ composed of or relating to iron ʼ(CDIAL 6773)

kanac 'corner' rebus: kancu 'bell-metal' PLUS sal 'splinter' rebus: sal 'workshop'. Thus bronze/bell-metal workshop.

meḍ ‘body’ rebus: mẽṛhẽt ‘metal’, meḍ ‘iron, copper (red ores)’ (Mu. Ho. Slavic) < mr̥du ‘iron’ mr̥id‘earth, clay, loam’ (Samskrtam)
(Deśīnāmamālā)

m2091m2092 मेंढा [ mēṇḍhā ] A crook or curved end (of a stick) Rebus: meḍ 'iron'

(lozenge) Split parenthesis: mũh, muhã 'ingot' or muhã 'quantity of metal produced at one time in a native smelting furnace.' PLUS kolmo 'rice plant' rebus: kolimi 'smithy, forge'.

meḍ ‘body’ rebus: mẽṛhẽt ‘metal’, meḍ ‘iron, copper (red ores)’ (Mu. Ho. Slavic) < mr̥du ‘iron’ mr̥id‘earth, clay, loam’ (Samskrtam)

(Deśīnāmamālā)

kanac 'corner' rebus: kancu 'bell-metal'

kanka, karṇika 'rim of jar' rebus: karṇī 'supercargo, scribe' कर्णिक 'steersman, helmsman'

PLUS mũh, muhã 'ingot' or muhã 'quantity of metal produced at one time in a native smelting furnace.'

khareḍo = a currycomb (G.) Rebus: kharādī ' turner' (Gujarati) PLUS kāmsako, kāmsiyo = a large sized comb (G.) Rebus: kaṁsa'bronze' (Telugu) kharaḍa ‘account day-book’

dāṭu 'cross' rebus: dhatu = mineral (Santali) Hindi. dhāṭnā 'to send out, pour out, cast (metal)' (CDIAL 6771). 

m2093 kolmo ‘rice plant’ rebus: kolilmi ‘smithy, forge’. Thus, metal casting forge. 

dhāi 'strand' (Rigveda) tri- dhāu 'three strands' rebus: dhāu 'red ore'. त्रिधातुः (magnetite, hematite, laterite) -- ferrite ores PLUS copper ore M. dhāū, dhāv m.f. ʻ a partic. soft red stone ʼ (whence dhā̆vaḍ m. ʻ a caste of iron-- smelters ʼ, dhāvḍī ʻ composed of or relating to iron ʼ(CDIAL 6773)

धातु ‘strand, element’ rebus: ‘primary element of the earth, mineral, metal’  dhātu n. ʻ substance ʼ RV., m. ʻ element ʼ MBh., ʻ metal, mineral, ore (esp. of a red colour) ʼ Mn., ʻ ashes of the dead ʼ lex., ʻ *strand of rope ʼ (cf. tridhāˊtu -- ʻ threefold ʼ RV., ayugdhātu -- ʻ having an uneven number of strands ʼ KātyŚr.). [√dhā] Pa. dhātu -- m. ʻ element, ashes of the dead, relic ʼ; KharI. dhatu ʻ relic ʼ; Pk. dhāu -- m. ʻ metal, red chalk ʼ; N. dhāu ʻ ore (esp. of copper) ʼ; Or. ḍhāu ʻ red chalk, red ochre ʼ(whence ḍhāuā ʻ reddish ʼ; M. dhāū, dhāv m.f. ʻ a partic. soft red stone ʼ (whence dhā̆vaḍ m. ʻ a caste of iron -- smelters ʼ, dhāvḍī ʻ composed of or relating to iron ʼ); -- Si. dā ʻ relic ʼ; -- S. dhāī f. ʻ wisp of fibres added from time to time to a rope that is being twisted ʼ, L. dhāī˜ f. (CDIAL 6773)

https://tinyurl.com/y84vdkn8

Kikkuli Hittite Text shows that Kikkuli was a Meluhha शहाणा śahāṇā 'expert' from Sarasvati Civilization

We have seen that Kikkuli uses the expression vattana from Indo-Aryan (Meluhha, Bhāratīya sprachbund) to signify, 'intervals, rounds' in the context of horses put through paces of specific number of rounds during training. Kikkuli uses terms such as:  Vedic eka-, tri-, pañca- sapta-, nava-vartana. The numeral compounds used from Indo-Aryan are: aiga-, tera-, panza-, satta-, nāwa-wartanna ("one, three, five, seven, nine intervals"). See: 

The Hindu–Arabic numeral system, base-10. An ancient landing point in numeration is a count of ten which forms a set. Digits 1 to 9 gain their multiples of tens by the way they are positioned in a number. for example 

10 signifies One Tens place 

11 signifies One Tens place + numeral 1; 

22 signifies Two tens place PLUS numeral 2; 

123 signifies One Hundreds place + two tens place + numeral 3

Positional notation or place-value notation is a method of representing or encoding numbers. Positional notation is distinguished from other notations (such as Roman numerals) for its use of the same symbol for the different orders of magnitude (for example, the "ones place", "tens place", "hundreds place").

The word used for such placement system of counted numbers in Bhāratīya sprachbud (speech union) isvartana, vaṭṭa 

வட்டம்¹ vaṭṭam, < Pkt. vaṭṭa < vṛtta. n. 1. Circle, circular form, ring-like shape; மண்ட லம். (தொல். சொல். 402, உரை.) 2. Halo round the sun or moon, a karantuṟai-kōḷ; பரிவேடம். (சிலப். 10, 102, உரை.) (சினேந். 164.) 3. Potter's wheel; குயவன் திரிகை. (பிங்.) 4. Wheel of a cart; வண்டிச்சக்கரம். (யாழ். அக.). cf. āvṛtti. Turn, course, as of a mantra; தடவை. விநாயகர் நாமத்தை நூற்றெட்டு வட்டஞ் செய்து (விநாயகபு. 74, 214).

வட்டன்² vaṭṭaṉ, part. < வட்டம்¹. Each, every. See தோறும். ஆட்டைவட்டன் முக்குறுணி நெற் பொலிசையாக (S. I. I. ii, 69, 3).

வட்டம்¹ vaṭṭam Boundary, limit எல்லை. தொழுவல்வினை யொல்லை வட்டங்கடந் தோடுத லுண்மை (தேவா. 5, 9).

வட்டம்¹ vaṭṭam Curve, bend; வளைவு. வில்லை வட்டப் பட வாங்கி (தேவா. 5, 9). 

கிழமைவட்டம் kiḻamai-vaṭṭam, n. < id. +. Week, as the cycle of seven kiḻamai; மண்டலித்துவரும் வாரம். (W.)

The following words from Bhāratīya sprachbund indicate that vaṭṭa signifies 'circle, round'.

Ka. baṭā, baṭṭa, baṭṭu bareness, voidness. Tu. baṭā̆ open, wide. Te. vaṭṭi empty, vacant, void, blank, mere, simple, vain, useless, bare, naked, false, untrue, groundless. Pa. baṭṭi bare ground.(DEDR 5233)

vr̥ttá ʻ turned ʼ RV., ʻ rounded ʼ ŚBr. 2. ʻ completed ʼ MaitrUp., ʻ passed, elapsed (of time) ʼ KauṣUp. 3. n. ʻ conduct, matter ʼ ŚBr., ʻ livelihood ʼ Hariv. [√vr̥t1]1. Pa. vaṭṭa -- ʻ round ʼ, n. ʻ circle ʼ; Pk. vaṭṭa -- , vatta -- , vitta -- , vutta -- ʻ round ʼ; L. (Ju.) vaṭ m. ʻ anything twisted ʼ; Si. vaṭa ʻ round ʼ, vaṭa -- ya ʻ circle, girth (esp. of trees) ʼ; Md. va' ʻ round ʼ GS 58(CDIAL 12069)

varta1 m. ʻ *turning round ʼ, ʻ livelihood ʼ lex. [√vr̥t] S. vaṭu m. ʻ twist ʼ; H. baṭṭā m. ʻ exchange ʼ; -- Si. vaṭa ʻ subsistence, livelihood ʼ or < vr̥ttá -- .(CDIAL 11346) *vartakara ʻ making turns (of the quail) ʼ. [Pop. etym. for vártikā -- (vartīra -- m. Suśr., ˚tira -- m. lex.)? -- varta -- 1, kará -- 1]Ku. B. baṭer ʻ quail ʼ; Or. baṭara, batara ʻ the grey quail ʼ; Mth. H. baṭer f. ʻ quail ʼ; -- → P. baṭer, ˚rā m., ˚rī f., L. baṭērā m., S. baṭero m.; K. bāṭuru m. ʻ a kind of quail ʼ, baṭēra m. ʻ quail ʼ.(CDIAL 11350) *vartakaraṇa ʻ twisting instrument ʼ. [varta -- 1, káraṇa -- ]N. baṭernu ʻ the stick on which a rope is twisted ʼ.(CDIAL 111351) vartana n. ʻ turning, rolling ʼ Nir., vartanī -- f. ʻ spindle ʼ Lalit. [√vr̥t1]Pa. vaṭṭana -- n. ʻ turning round ʼ, vaṭṭani -- f. ʻ ring, globe ʼ, vaṭṭanāvali -- f. ʻ line of spindles(?) ʼ; Pk. vaṭṭaṇā<-> f., vattaṇa -- n., ˚ṇā -- f. ʻ revolving ʼ; Ḍ. b*lc̣*lṇi f. ʻ disc fixed on large spindle ʼ (c̣?); Kho. bartun ʻ wooden disc fixed on spindle ʼ (a?); K. watan f. ʻ small circular piece of leather or wood or metal for fastening chain of bolt ʼ, watüñü f. ʻ do. used as a toy ʼ; S. vaṭiṇo m. ʻ spindle ʼ; L. vaṭnā m. ʻ stick for twisting rope P. vaṭṭṇā, vaṭṇū m., ˚ṇī f., baṭṇā, ˚ṇū m., ˚ṇī f.; Ku. baṭṇī ʻ twisting, twist (of a cord) ʼ; B. bāṭnā ʻ grinding ʼ; Bi. baṭanī ʻ fringemaker's wooden reel ʼ; H. baṭnā m. ʻ stick for twisting rope ʼ; G. vāṭṇɔ, ˚ṇiɔ m. ʻ long round stone used in crushing or beating on a slab, muller ʼ.(CDIAL 11354) vartáyati ʻ causes to turn, whirls ʼ RV. [√vr̥t1] Pa. vaṭṭēti tr. ʻ turns, twists ʼ; Pk. vaṭṭēi, vattaï tr. ʻ turns, rolls into a ball, makes exist, covers ʼ; Dm. baṭyāy -- ʻ to wrap ʼ; Paš.lauṛ. waṭṭ -- tr. ʻ to pass or spend (time) ʼ; K. waṭun ʻ to fold up, roll up, close up, collect ʼ; S. vaṭaṇu, srk. ˚ṭiṇu ʻ to twist, plait, wring ʼ; L. vaṭṭaṇ, (Ju.) vaṭaṇ ʻ to twist ʼ, awāṇ. vaṭṭuṇ ʻ to coil ʼ; P. vaṭṭṇā ʻ to twist ʼ; WPah.bhad. baṭṭnū ʻ to twist (rope or thread) ʼ, bhal. baṭṭnū ʻ to fold, roll up (cloth) ʼ, (Joshi) bāṭṇu ʻ to knead ʼ; Ku. bāṭṇo ʻ to twine, wreathe, fashion ʼ; N. bāṭnu ʻ to twist, plait, weave ʼ; A. bāṭiba ʻ to twist, grind ʼ; B. bāṭā, bã̄ṭā ʻ to pound, crush ʼ; Or. bāṭibā ʻ to pound ʼ; Bi. baṭnāi ʻ act of rope -- twisting ʼ; H. bāṭnā ʻ to twist, twine ʼ; G. vāṭvũ ʻ to pound by rolling ʼ; M. vāṭṇẽ ʻ to grind finely by rolling with a muller ʼ, vaṭṇẽ ʻ to scutch cotton (by rolling) ʼ; Si. vaṭanavā tr. ʻ to turn round ʼ; Md. vařan ʻ to twist, braid ʼ; -- Pa. vaṭṭāpēti ʻ causes to be turned ʼ, S. vaṭāiṇu; P. baṭāuṇā ʻ to cause to be twisted, change ʼ (whence vaṭṇā, ba˚ ʻ to be exchanged ʼ = H. baṭnā ʻ to be twisted ʼ); G. vaṭāvvũ, vatāvvũ ʻ to exchange, cash ʼ. Addenda: vartáyati: WPah.kṭg. baṭṇõ ʻ to knead ʼ, J. bāṭṇu; A. baṭiba ʻ to pound ʼ AFD 333; Md. vařanī ʻ twists, surrounds ʼ (in sense ʻ rubs on ʼ < údvartatē?). (CDIAL 11356)vártman n. ʻ track of a wheel, path ʼ RV. [J. Bloch StudII 19 *vartmā nom. sg. m. after ádhvā m. (cf. pánthā -- ) became f. in MIA. -- √vr̥t1]Pa. vaṭuma -- n. ʻ path, road ʼ, Pk. vaṭṭa -- n.m., vaṭṭā<-> f., vaṭṭamaya -- , vaḍū˘maga -- n., K. wath, dat. ˚ti f., pog. wat, S. vāṭa f., P. vāṭ, bāṭ f., ḍog. batta f., kgr. bat f., bhaṭ. batt, WPah.bhad. bhal. paṅ. cam. batt f., pāḍ. cur. bat; Ku. bāṭ ʻ path, pass ʼ, bāṭo m. ʻ path ʼ, N. bāṭo (obl. bāṭa postp. ʻ from ʼ), A. B. bāṭ; Or. bāṭa ʻ path, place ʼ; Mth. bāṭ ʻ path ʼ, Bhoj. bāt, OAw. OMarw. bāṭa f., H. bāṭ f., G. M. Ko. vāṭ f.; Si. vaṭuma ʻ road ʼ (← Pa.?), devaṭa ʻ lane ʼ (de -- < dēśá -- ?); -- Sh. bāṭṷ m. ʻ wheel ʼ; G. vāṭɔ m. ʻ tire ʼ (semant. cf. vartaní -- f. ʻ felly of wheel, path ʼ RV., Pa. vattanī -- f. ʻ track, path ʼ, Pk. vaṭṭaṇī -- f. ʻ road ʼ). -- Deriv.: N. baṭuwā ʻ traveller ʼ; B. beṭo ʻ of the road ʼ < *bāṭuāODBL 491; Or. bāṭuā ʻ traveller ʼ, G. vāṭvɔ m. -- X mārga -- q.v. -- Si. vat ʻ road ʼ (LM 404, EGS 155) extracted from māvat < *mahāpanthā -- . -- See vartís -- from which some of above NIA. feminine words may phonet. equally well derive.Addenda: vártman -- : WPah.kṭg. bāt, kc. bāṭ f. (obl. -- a), J. bā'ṭ f.; Garh. bāṭu ʻ way ʼ. (CDIAL 11366)

Field Symbol 118 is ‘dotted circle’.Field Symbol figure 123 These hypertexts are also likely to be related to the orthography (and semantics) of ‘dotted circle + string’. Field Symbol figure 123 is associated with a ‘portable furnace’ indicating the possibility of production of ‘crucible steel’.

These signs (ASI 1977 Mahadevan corpus) may be semantic variants of the ‘dotted circle+ string’ orthography of Sign 397.

Sign 397 dhāī 'strand' PLUS vata, 'string'; together, the expression is:

a dotted circle + string which signifies dhā̆vaḍ ''iron-smelter' who performs the act of purification to win the wealth, the metal from mere earth and stone -- replicating the immeasurability of cosmic phenomena. This symbol is worn on the fillets of the Mohenjo-daro priest (on his forehead and on his right shoulder).

Cross-section view of a strand (say, through a bead), ‘dotted circle’: धातु ‘strand, element’ rebus: ‘primary element of the earth, mineral, metal’  dhātu n. ʻ substance ʼ RV., m. ʻ element ʼ MBh., ʻ metal, mineral, ore (esp. of a red colour) ʼ Mn., ʻ ashes of the dead ʼ lex., ʻ *strand of rope ʼ (cf. tridhāˊtu -- ʻ threefold ʼ RV., ayugdhātu -- ʻ having an uneven number of strands ʼ KātyŚr.). [√dhā] Pa. dhātu -- m. ʻ element, ashes of the dead, relic ʼ; KharI. dhatu ʻ relic ʼ; Pk. dhāu -- m. ʻ metal, red chalk ʼ; N. dhāu ʻ ore (esp. of copper) ʼ; Or. ḍhāu ʻ red chalk, red ochre ʼ(whence ḍhāuā ʻ reddish ʼ; M. dhāū, dhāv m.f. ʻ a partic. soft red stone ʼ (whence dhā̆vaḍ m. ʻ a caste of iron -- smelters ʼ, dhāvḍī ʻ composed of or relating to iron ʼ); -- Si. dā ʻ relic ʼ; -- S. dhāī f. ʻ wisp of fibres added from time to time to a rope that is being twisted ʼ, L. dhāī˜ f. (CDIAL 6773)

dula ‘duplicated’ rebus: dul ‘metal casting’PLUS kolmo ‘rice plant’ rebus: kolilmi ‘smithy, forge’. Thus, metal casting forge. 

 m1272

Or. kāṇḍa, kã̄ṛ ʻstalk, arrowʼ(CDIAL 3023) rebus: kaṇḍa 'implements'.

a

aren,'lid' Rebus: aduru 'native unsmelted metal’ PLUS ko

a 'one' rebus: ko

 'workshop'

kuṭila ‘bent’ CDIAL 3230 kuṭi— in cmpd. ‘curve’, kuṭika— ‘bent’ MBh. Rebus: kuṭila, katthīl = bronze (8 parts copper and 2 parts tin) cf. āra-kūṭa, 'brass'  Old English ār 'brass, copper, bronze' Old Norse eir 'brass, copper', German ehern 'brassy, bronzen'. kastīra n. ʻ tin ʼ lex. 2. *kastilla -- .1. H. kathīr m. ʻ tin, pewter ʼ; G. kathīr n. ʻ pewter ʼ.2. H. (Bhoj.?) kathīl, °lā m. ʻ tin, pewter ʼ; M. kathīl n. ʻ tin ʼ, kathlẽ n. ʻ large tin vessel ʼ(CDIAL 2984) कौटिलिकः kauṭilikḥ

कौटिलिकः 1 A hunter.-2 A blacksmith  PLUS dula ‘duplicated’ rebus: dul ‘metal casting’. Thus, bronze castings.

kanka, karṇika 'rim of jar' rebus: karṇī 'supercargo, scribe' कर्णिक 'steersman, helmsman' PLUS sal‘splinter’ rebus: sal ‘workshop’

khaṇḍa 'division'. rebus: kaṇḍa 'implements'

dhāi 'strand' (Rigveda) tri- dhāu 'three strands' rebus: dhāu 'red ore'. त्रिधातुः (magnetite, hematite, laterite) -- ferrite ores PLUS copper ore M. dhāū, dhāv m.f. ʻ a partic. soft red stone ʼ (whence dhā̆vaḍ m. ʻ a caste of iron-- smelters ʼ, dhāvḍī ʻ composed of or relating to iron ʼ(CDIAL 6773)

m1350 2599 ranku antelope’ rebus: ranku ‘tin’

kuṭila ‘bent’ CDIAL 3230 kuṭi— in cmpd. ‘curve’, kuṭika— ‘bent’ MBh. Rebus: kuṭila, katthīl = bronze (8 parts copper and 2 parts tin) cf. āra-kūṭa, 'brass'  Old English ār 'brass, copper, bronze' Old Norse eir 'brass, copper', German ehern 'brassy, bronzen'. kastīra n. ʻ tin ʼ lex. 2. *kastilla -- .1. H. kathīr m. ʻ tin, pewter ʼ; G. kathīr n. ʻ pewter ʼ.2. H. (Bhoj.?) kathīl, °lā m. ʻ tin, pewter ʼ; M. kathīl n. ʻ tin ʼ, kathlẽ n. ʻ large tin vessel ʼ(CDIAL 2984) कौटिलिकः kauṭilikḥ

कौटिलिकः 1 A hunter.-2 A blacksmith  PLUS dula ‘duplicated’ rebus: dul ‘metal casting’. Thus, bronze castings.

kanka, karṇika 'rim of jar' rebus: karṇī 'supercargo, scribe' कर्णिक 'steersman, helmsman' PLUSखांडा khāṇḍā A jag, notch, or indentation (as upon the edge of a tool or weapon) rebus: khaṇḍa 'implements'.

(lozenge) Split parenthesis: mũh, muhã 'ingot' or muhã 'quantity of metal produced at one time in a native smelting furnace.' PLUS kolmo 'rice plant' rebus: kolimi 'smithy, forge'. Thus, ingot forge. 

adar ‘harrow’ rebus: aduru ‘native metal’

ayo 'fish' rebus: aya 'iron' ayas 'alloy metal' (R̥gveda)

dhāi 'strand' (R̥gveda) tri- dhāu 'three strands' rebus: dhāu 'red ore'. त्रिधातुः (magnetite, hematite, laterite) -- ferrite ores PLUS copper ore M. dhāū, dhāv m.f. ʻ a partic. soft red stone ʼ (whence dhā̆vaḍ m. ʻ a guild of iron-- smelters ʼ, dhāvḍī ʻ composed of or relating to iron ʼ(CDIAL 6773)

kolmo ‘rice plant’ rebus: kolilmi ‘smithy, forge’

m1381A1m1381A2 1559 Seal Impression on a pot

dhāi 'strand' (R̥gveda) tri- dhāu 'three strands' rebus: dhāu 'red ore'. त्रिधातुः (magnetite, hematite, laterite) -- ferrite ores PLUS copper ore M. dhāū, dhāv m.f. ʻ a partic. soft red stone ʼ (whence dhā̆vaḍ m. ʻ a caste of iron-- smelters ʼ, dhāvḍī ʻ composed of or relating to iron ʼ(CDIAL 6773)

sal ‘splinter’ rebus: sal ‘workshop’

kāru pincers, tongs. Rebus: khār खार् 'blacksmith' 

dula ‘duplicated’ rebus: dul ‘metal casting’ PLUS dhāḷ 'slanted stroke' rebus: dhāḷako 'ingot' PLUS kolom‘three’ rebus: kolimi ‘smithy, forge’

 m1648shell dhāi 'strand' (Rigveda) tri- dhāu 'three strands' rebus: dhāu 'red ore'. त्रिधातुः (magnetite, hematite, laterite) -- ferrite ores PLUS copper ore M. dhāū, dhāv m.f. ʻ a partic. soft red stone ʼ (whence dhā̆vaḍ m. ʻ a caste of iron-- smelters ʼ, dhāvḍī ʻ composed of or relating to iron ʼ(CDIAL 6773)

m1684a Field symbol:  kõda ‘young bull-calf’. Rebus: kũdār ‘turner’. sangaḍa ‘lathe, furnace’. Rebus: samgara ‘living in the same house, guild’. sãgaḍa (double-canoe, catamaran) Hence, smith guild.

Meaning, artha of inscription: Trade (and metalwork wealth production) of kōnda sangara 'metalwork engraver'... PLUS (wealth categories cited.)

koḍa 'one' rebus: koḍ 'workshop'

dhāi 'strand' (Rigveda) tri- dhāu 'three strands' rebus: dhāu 'red ore'. त्रिधातुः (magnetite, hematite, laterite) -- ferrite ores PLUS copper ore dhāi 'strand' (Rigveda) tri- dhāu 'three strands' rebus: dhāu 'red ore'; dhāvḍā 'smelter'

kolmo ‘rice plant’ rebus: kolilmi ‘smithy, forge’.

m1744 Field symbol:  kõda ‘young bull-calf’. Rebus: kũdār ‘turner’. sangaḍa ‘lathe, furnace’. Rebus: samgara ‘living in the same house, guild’. sãgaḍa (double-canoe, catamaran) Hence, smith guild.

Meaning, artha of inscription: Trade (and metalwork wealth production) of kōnda sangara 'metalwork engraver'... PLUS (wealth categories cited.)

aya, ayo 'fish' rebus: aya 'iron' ayas 'metal' PLUS adaren 'lid' rebus: aduru 'unsmelted metal'

मेंढा [ mēṇḍhā ] A crook or curved end (of a stick) Rebus: meḍ ‘iron’

aDaren,'lid' Rebus: aduru 'native unsmelted metal'.PLUS dhāi 'strand' (Rigveda) tri- dhāu 'three strands' rebus: dhāu 'red ore'. त्रिधातुः (magnetite, hematite, laterite) -- ferrite ores PLUS copper ore dhāi 'strand' (Rigveda) tri- dhāu 'three strands' rebus: dhāu 'red ore'; dhāvḍā 'smelter'

dāṭu 'cross' rebus: dhatu = mineral (Santali) Hindi. dhāṭnā 'to send out, pour out, cast (metal)' (CDIAL 6771) PLUS खांडा khāṇḍā A jag, notch, or indentation (as upon the edge of a tool or weapon) rebus: khaṇḍa 'implements'.

kamaḍha 'archer, bow' Rebus: kammaṭa 'mint, coiner, coinage'

khareḍo = a currycomb (G.) Rebus: kharādī ' turner' (Gujarati) PLUS kāmsako, kāmsiyo = a large sized comb (G.) Rebus: kaṁsa 'bronze' (Telugu) kharaḍa ‘account day-book’

m1744 Field symbol:  kõda ‘young bull-calf’. Rebus: kũdār ‘turner’. sangaḍa ‘lathe, furnace’. Rebus: samgara ‘living in the same house, guild’. sãgaḍa (double-canoe, catamaran) Hence, smith guild.

Meaning, artha of inscription: Trade (and metalwork wealth production) of kōnda sangara 'metalwork engraver'... PLUS (wealth categories cited.)

aya, ayo 'fish' rebus: aya 'iron' ayas 'metal' PLUS adaren 'lid' rebus: aduru 'unsmelted metal'

मेंढा [ mēṇḍhā ] A crook or curved end (of a stick) Rebus: meḍ ‘iron’

a

aren,'lid' Rebus: aduru 'native unsmelted metal'.PLUS dhāi 'strand' (Rigveda) tri- dhāu 'three strands' rebus: dhāu 'red ore'. त्रिधातुः (magnetite, hematite, laterite) -- ferrite ores PLUS copper ore dhāi 'strand' (Rigveda) tri- dhāu 'three strands' rebus: dhāu 'red ore'; dhāvḍā 'smelter'

dāṭu 'cross' rebus: dhatu = mineral (Santali) Hindi. dhāṭnā 'to send out, pour out, cast (metal)' (CDIAL 6771) PLUS खांडा khāṇḍā A jag, notch, or indentation (as upon the edge of a tool or weapon) rebus: khaṇḍa 'implements'.

kamaḍha 'archer, bow' Rebus: kammaṭa 'mint, coiner, coinage'

khareḍo = a currycomb (G.) Rebus: kharādī ' turner' (Gujarati) PLUS kāmsako, kāmsiyo = a large sized comb (G.) Rebus: kaṁsa 'bronze' (Telugu) kharaḍa ‘account day-book’

m1916a Field symbol: kul ‘tiger’ (Santali); kōlu id. (Telugu) kōlupuli = Bengal tiger (Telugu) कोल्हा [ kōlhā ] कोल्हें  [kōlhēṃ] A jackal (Marathi) Rebus: kol, kolhe, ‘the koles, iron smelters speaking a language akin to that of Santals’ (Santali) kol ‘working in iron’ (Tamil)

adaren 'lid' rebus: aduru 'unsmelted metal' PLUS dhāi 'strand' (Rigveda) tri- dhāu 'three strands' rebus: dhāu 'red ore'. त्रिधातुः (magnetite, hematite, laterite) -- ferrite ores PLUS copper ore dhāi 'strand' (Rigveda) tri- dhāu 'three strands' rebus: dhāu 'red ore'; dhāvḍā 'smelter' PLUS sal 'splinter' rebus sal 'workshop' 

मेंढा [ mēṇḍhā ] A crook or curved end (of a stick) Rebus: meḍ ‘iron’ PLUS meḍ ‘body’ rebus: mẽṛhẽt ‘metal’, meḍ ‘iron, copper (red ores)’ (Mu. Ho. Slavic) < mr̥du ‘iron’ mr̥id ‘earth, clay, loam’ (Samskrtam)
(Deśīnāmamālā)

śrētrī ʻladderʼ rebus: seṭṭha 'guild-master'

kanka, karṇika 'rim of jar' rebus: karṇī 'supercargo, scribe' कर्णिक 'steersman, helmsman'

m1120 2362  Field symbol: पोळ [ pōḷa ] m A bull dedicated to the gods, marked with a trident and discus, and set at large. पोळी [ pōḷī ] dewlap. पोळा [ pōḷā ] 'zebu, bos indicus taurus' rebus: पोळा [ pōḷā ] 'magnetite, ferrite ore: Fe3O4' 

aren,'lid' Rebus: aduru 'native unsmelted metal' PLUS dhāi 'strand' (Rigveda) tri- dhāu 'three strands' rebus: dhāu 'red ore'. त्रिधातुः (magnetite, hematite, laterite) -- ferrite ores PLUS copper ore M. dhāū, dhāv m.f. ʻ a partic. soft red stone ʼ (whence dhā̆vaḍ m. ʻ a guild of iron-- smelters ʼ, dhāvḍī ʻ composed of or relating to iron ʼ(CDIAL 6773)

kāru pincers, tongs. Rebus: khār खार् 'blacksmith' PLUS dula ‘duplicated’ rebus: dul ‘metal casting’

kanka, karṇika 'rim of jar' rebus: karṇī 'supercargo, scribe' कर्णिक 'steersman, helmsman'