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As many as 120 dead in string of Paris attacks -- AP

November 14, 2015, 1:14 am
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Official: As many as 120 dead in string of Paris attacks

The Associated PressLORI HINNANT and GREG KELLERNov 13th 2015 3:37P
PARIS (AP) -- A series of attacks targeting young concert-goers and Parisians enjoying a Friday night out at popular nightspots killed as many as 120 people in the deadliest violence to strike France since World War II. President Francois Hollande pledged that France would stand firm against what he called terrorism.

SEE MORE: The latest on the attacks
The worst carnage was at a concert hall hosting an American rock band, where scores of people were held hostage and attackers hurled explosives at their captives. Police who stormed the building, killing three attackers, encountered a bloody scene of horror inside.
Paris Prosecutor Francois Molins said as many as five attackers may have been killed, though it was not clear how many there were altogether and how many were still at large. Authorities said the death toll at the six sites could exceed 120.

Images from the scene: 
PHOTO GALLERY | 1 of 53 IMAGES
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A victim lies on the ground covered by a white sheet (Rear L) as special police work at the attack scene rue Bichat, in central Paris, early on November 14, 2015. More than 100 people were killed in a mass hostage-taking at a Paris concert hall late on November 13 and many more were feared dead in a series of bombings and shootings, as France declared a national state of emergency. AFP PHOTO / FRANCK FIFE (Photo credit should read FRANCK FIFE/AFP/Getty Images)
Hollande declared a state of emergency and announced that he was closing the country's borders. The violence spread fear through the city and exceeded the horrors of the Charlie Hebdo attack just 10 months ago.
In addition to the deaths at the concert hall, a police official said 11 people were killed in a Paris restaurant in the 10th arrondissement and other officials said at least three people died when bombs went off outside a stadium.
All of the officials spoke on condition of anonymity because they were not authorized to be publicly named in the quickly moving investigation.
There was no immediate claim of responsibility for the attacks, and no clear picture of how many attackers were involved and if any were on the run. Jihadists on Twitter immediately praised the attack and criticized France's military operations against Islamic State extremists.

EXPLORE MORE: Listen to #TheRewind for the week's top news and buzzy stories
Hollande, who had to be evacuated from the stadium when the bombs went off outside, said in a televised address that the nation would stand firm and united.
"This is a terrible ordeal that again assails us," he said. "We know where it comes from, who these criminals are, who these terrorists are."
U.S. President Barack Obama, speaking to reporters in Washington, called the attacks on Paris "outrageous attempt to terrorize innocent civilians" and vowed to do whatever it takes to help bring the perpetrators to justice. He called the attacks a "heartbreaking situation" and an "attack on all of humanity."
Earlier Friday, two explosions were heard outside the Stade de France stadium north of Paris during a France-Germany exhibition soccer game. A police union official said there were two suicide attacks and a bombing that killed at least three people.
The official, Gregory Goupil of the Alliance Police Nationale, whose region includes the area of the stadium, said explosions went off simultaneously near two entrances and a McDonalds.
An Associated Press reporter in the stadium Friday night heard two explosions loud enough to penetrate the sounds of cheering fans. Sirens were immediately heard, and a helicopter was circling overhead.
The attack comes as France has heightened security measures ahead of a major global climate conference that starts in two weeks, out of fear of violent protests and potential terrorist attacks. Hollande canceled a planned trip to this weekend's G-20 summit in Turkey, which was to focus in large part on growing fears of terrorism carried out by Islamic extremists.

World leaders react to the attacks in Paris:
PHOTO GALLERY | 1 of 8 IMAGES
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Terrorists have declared war on the France. Our response must express a firmness and determination of each moment. -NS
Emilio Macchio, from Ravenna, Italy, was at the Carillon restaurant that was targeted, having a beer on the sidewalk, when the shooting started. He said he didn't see any gunmen or victims, but hid behind a corner, then ran away.
"It sounded like fireworks," he said.
France has been on edge since January, when Islamic extremists attacked the satirical newspaper Charlie Hebdo, which had run cartoons of the Prophet Muhammad, and a kosher grocery. Twenty people died, including the three attackers. The Charlie Hebdo attackers claimed links to extremists in Yemen, while the kosher market attacker claimed ties to the Islamic State group.
This time, they targeted young people enjoying a rock concert and ordinary city residents enjoying a Friday night out.
One of at least two restaurants targeted Friday, Le Carillon, is in the same general neighborhood as the Charlie Hebdo offices, as is the Bataclan, among the best-known venues in eastern Paris, near the trendy Oberkampf area known for a vibrant nightlife. The California-based band Eagles of Death Metal was scheduled to play there Friday night.
The country has seen several smaller-scale attacks or attempts since, including an incident on a high-speed train in August in which American travelers thwarted an attempted attack by a heavily armed man.
France's military is bombing Islamic State targets in Syria and Iraq and fighting extremists in Africa, and extremist groups have frequently threatened France in the past.
French authorities are particularly concerned about the threat from hundreds of French Islamic radicals who have travelled to Syria and returned home with skills to stage violence.
Though who was responsible for Friday night's violence remained a mystery, the Islamic State is "clearly the name at the top of everyone's list," Brian Michael Jenkins, a terrorism expert and senior adviser to the president of RAND Corp., said.
Jenkins said the tactic used - "multiple attackers in coordinated attacks at multiple locations" - echoed recommendations published in extremist group's online magazine, Dabbiq, over the summer.
"The big question on everyone's mind is, were these attackers, if they turn out to be connected to one of the groups in Syria, were they homegrown terrorists or were they returning fighters from having served" with the Islamic State group, Jenkins said. "That will be a huge question."
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Associated Press writers Angela Charlton, Jerome Pugmire, Samuel Petrequin, Jamey Keaten and John-Thor Dahlburg contributed to this story
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2000 years old portrait of Confucius found in tomb in China

November 14, 2015, 7:13 am
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http://newscontent.cctv.com/NewJsp/news.jsp?fileId=326552 (CCTV video clip in Chinese)
As excavated from the tomb

Story:China-Tomb/Findings
File ID:326552
Video ID:8292191
Date:Nov 14, 2015
Update:37 mins ago
Duration:2'01
Location(s):Nanchang,Jiangxi,People's Republic of China
Type:Chinese/Nats
Source:China Central Television (CCTV)
Restrictions:No access Chinese mainland
Pageview:10
Summary:Archeologists find lacquer screens with text and images of Confucius' portrait in ancient tomb
Languages:EN 
Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, east China - Nov 14, 2015
1. Various of lacquer screen pieces with images of portrait 
2. Various of archaeologists excavating coffin chamber of Marquis of Haihun tomb
3. Various of unearthed historical relics 
4. Various of archaeologists cleaning unearthed lacquer screens
5. Screens with Chinese characters
6. SOUNDBITE (Chinese) Yang Jun, associate researcher of Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Archeology:
"We can see at the excavation site Chinese characters on the screens, which are about the life of Confucius. And the portrait of the sage is also likely to be Confucius." 
7. Unearthed screen pieces
8. Excavation site
9. SOUNDBITE (Chinese) Yang Jun, associate researcher of Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Archeology:
"The Han Dynasty upheld "Confucianism" as its sole doctrine. The practice was initiated during the rule of Emperor Wu. Liu He was a grandson of Emperor Wu, so a Confucius' portrait and his biography accord with the then social background." 
10. Various of archaeologists carefully putting away unearthed screens
11. SOUNDBITE (Chinese) Yang Jun, associate researcher of Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Archeology:
"The screens can tell us the hierarchical status of the tomb owner."
12. Archaeologists moving unearthed screens
13. Bird view of Marquis of Haihun cemetery
A set of lacquer screens that seem to bear a portrait of Confucius and a text about his life was discovered on Saturday from a tomb that is at least 2,000 years old, according to archeologists working at the excavation site of the tomb of "Haihunhou," or Marquis of Haihun, in Nanchang, east China's Jiangxi Province.

On Saturday archeologists were seen carefully collecting pieces of the lacquer screens, found with images of a portrait and Chinese characters repeatedly mentioning "Confucius".

"We can see at the excavation site Chinese characters on the screens, which are about the life of Confucius. And the portrait of the sage is also likely to be Confucius," said Yang Jun, associate researcher from the Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Archeology .

Screens were common in ancient Chinese homes to block wind and evil spirits and protect privacy. They were often painted with landscapes, plants and calligraphy.

The tomb owner is believed to be Liu He, grandson of Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty (206 BC - 24 AD), whose reign ushered in one of the most prosperous periods in China's history. Liu He himself was an emperor for only 27 days before he was dethroned by the royal clan for his lack of talent and morals.

After he was deposed, Liu was given the title "Marquis of Haihun." Haihun is the ancient name of a very small kingdom in the north of Jiangxi Province.

The finding of the Confucius portrait in the tomb indicates Confucius's teachings were prevalent among the ruling class in the Western Han Dynasty, said Yang.

"The Han Dynasty upheld "Confucianism" as its sole doctrine. The practice was initiated during the rule of Emperor Wu. Liu He was a grandson of Emperor Wu, so a Confucius' portrait and his biography accord with the then social background," said Yang.

"The screens can tell us the hierarchical status of the tomb owner," Yang added.

The Marquis of Haihun cemetery covers roughly 40,000 square meters and contains eight tombs and a chariot burial site. It is the most complete Western Han cemetery ever discovered in China.

Archeologists have so far unearthed more than 10,000 relic pieces from the tombs, including chariots, bronze cooking utensils, wine vessels, lamps, wooden and bamboo slips and ancient coins.

China Exclusive: Archeologists find suspected portrait of Confucius in ancient tomb

English.news.cn   2015-11-14 17:39:37
Confucius Museum, Qufu, Shandong Province: A Song dynasty (960-1279) statue of Confucius and a portrait of Confucius from the Ming dynasty (1368-1644).
Confucius Tang Dynasty.jpgA portrait of Confucius, by Tang Dynasty artist. Wu Daozi (680-740)Prince Siddhartha GautamaPrince Siddhartha Gautama 
NANCHANG, Nov. 14 (Xinhua) -- Chinese archeologists claimed Saturday to have unearthed a portrait of Confucius from a tomb that is at least 2,000 years old.
After they pieced together a broken lacquer screen found in the main chamber of the tomb, the archeologists said they restored two portraits, one of which is believed to be of Confucius.
"The Chinese characters on the screen include the names of Confucius, his father, Shu Lianghe, and one of his favorite disciples, Yan Hui," said Zhang Zhongli, deputy chief of the excavation team in east China's Jiangxi Province. "These names are evidence that at least one of the two men painted on the screen is Confucius himself."
He said the text on the screen was probably a brief biography of Confucius, but further evidence is needed to support the hypothesis.
Screens were typical furniture in ancient Chinese homes to block wind and evil spirits and protect privacy. Screens were often painted with landscapes, plants or calligraphy.
The restored screen is 50 to 60 centimeters wide and 70 to 80 centimeters tall. Both portraits are blurred, but details of the subjects' collars and robes are clearly seen, said Zhang.
"We assume the tomb owner respected Confucius and had a Confucius portrait painted on the screen," said Zhang. "After he died, his family buried his favorite screen with him, even though such screens were not conventional burial items in Chinese funerary customs."
Zhang, a noted archeologist from Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Archeology, is leading the excavation of the tomb of "Haihunhou," or Marquis of Haihun, which dates back to the Western Han Dynasty (206 BC - 24 AD).
The tomb owner is believed to be Liu He, grandson of Emperor Wu, whose reign ushered in one of the most prosperous periods in China's history. Liu He himself was emperor for only 27 days before he was dethroned by the royal clan for his lack of talent and morals.
After he was deposed, Liu was given the title "Marquis of Haihun." Haihun is the ancient name of a very small kingdom in the north of Jiangxi Province.
The finding of the Confucius portrait in the marquis's tomb indicates Confucius's teachings were prevalent among the ruling class in the Western Han Dynasty, said Zhang.
"This is the earliest portrait of the ancient sage discovered so far," said Xin Lixiang, head of the excavation team and one of China's most authoritative archeologists for the Qin and Han dynasties.
Before the new finding was reported, experts believed the oldest Confucius portrait was on a mural found in a tomb chamber in Dongping County in east China's Shandong Province. The mural dates back to the Eastern Han Dynasty (25 to 220).
The Chinese have revered Confucius and followed his teachings for centuries. He is respected as "the teacher of all teachers," and children learn to recite his quotes at a very young age.
The Marquis of Haihun cemetery covers roughly 40,000 square meters and contains eight tombs and a chariot burial site. It is the most complete Western Han cemetery ever discovered in China.
Archeologists have so far unearthed more than 10,000 heritage pieces from the tombs, including chariots, bronze cooking utensils, wine vessels, lamps and ancient coins.

2000 years old portrait of Confucius found in tomb in China

Chinese archaeologists today claimed to have unearthed a portrait of ancient philosopher Confucius from a tomb that is at least 2,000 years old.
After they pieced together a broken lacquer screen found in the main chamber of the tomb, the archaeologists said they restored two portraits, one of which is believed to be of Confucius.
“The Chinese characters on the screen include the names of Confucius, his father Shu Lianghe, and one of his favourite disciples Yan Hui,” said Zhang Zhongli, deputy chief of the excavation team in east China’s Jiangxi Province.
“These names are evidence that at least one of the two men painted on the screen is Confucius himself.”
He said the text on the screen was probably a brief biography of Confucius, but further evidence is needed to support the hypothesis.
Screens were typical furniture in ancient Chinese homes to block wind and evil spirits and protect privacy and were often painted with landscapes, plants or calligraphy, state-run Xinhua news agency reported.
The restored screen is 50 to 60 centimeters wide and 70 to 80 centimeters tall.
“We assume the tomb owner respected Confucius and had a Confucius portrait painted on the screen,” said Zhang.
“After he died, his family buried his favourite screen with him, even though such screens were not conventional burial items in Chinese funerary customs.”
For thousands of years, Confucius has been regarded as a symbol of China’s traditional culture by the country’s intellectuals.
He was venerated as a great sage in ancient China, but despised as a regressive pedant during the decade-long Cultural Revolution (1966-1976), headed by Mao Zedong the founder of the ruling Communist Party of China, (CPC).
The Party is now resurrecting Confucius in a big way as part of restoration of Chinese culture.
The tomb owner is believed to be Liu He, grandson of Emperor Wu, whose reign ushered in one of the most prosperous periods in China’s history.
Liu was emperor for only 27 days before he was dethroned by the royal clan for his lack of talent and morals.
After he was deposed, Liu was given the title ‘Marquis of Haihun’.
The finding of the Confucius portrait in the Marquis’s tomb indicates Confucius’s teachings were prevalent among the ruling class in the Western Han Dynasty, said Zhang.
Confucius is respected as “the teacher of all teachers,” and children learn to recite his quotes at a very young age.
In 1949 the German philosopher Karl Theodor Jaspers coined the phrase “Achsenzeit” (“Axial Age” or “Axis age” in English) to describe a time between approximately 900 - 200 BCE when “The spiritual foundations of humanity were laid simultaneously and independently and these are the foundations upon which humanity still subsists today.”

The Analects (論語), Confucius

July 2, 2013 By 

Confucius (Chinese: 孔子; pinyin: Kǒng zǐ; Wade–Giles: K’ung-tzu, or Chinese: 孔夫子; pinyin: Kǒng Fūzǐ; Wade–Giles: K’ung-fu-tzu), literally “Master Kong“, (traditionally September 28, 551 BC – 479 BC) was a Chinese thinker and social philosopher.
His philosophy emphasized personal and governmental morality, correctness of social relationships, justice and sincerity. These values gained prominence in China over other doctrines, such as Legalism (法家) or Taoism (道家) during the Han Dynasty (206 BC – 220 AD). Confucius’ thoughts have been developed into a system of philosophy known as Confucianism (儒家). It was introduced to Europe by the Italian Jesuit Matteo Ricci, who was the first to convert into Latin the name as “Confucius“.
His teachings may be found in the Analects of Confucius (論語), a collection of “brief aphoristic fragments“, which was compiled many years after his death.
For nearly 2,000 years he was thought to be the editor or author of all the Five Classics (五經) such as the Classic of Rites (禮記) (editor), and the Spring and Autumn Annals (春秋) (author).
Kong Qiu (孔丘), as Confucius is commonly known, is a combination of his surname (孔) and his given name (丘), and he was also known as Zhong Ni (仲尼), which is his courtesy name. He was born in 551 BC in the Lu state. (This state was in the south of modern-day Shandong Province) in the later days of the Spring and Autumn Period. Confucius was from a warrior family.
His father Shulianghe (叔梁紇) was a famous warrior who had military exploits in two battles and owned a fiefdom. Confucius lost his father when he was three years old, as then his mother Yan Zhengzai (顏徵在) took him and left the fiefdom because as a concubine (妾), she wanted to avoid mistreatment from Shulianghe’s formal wife. Thus, Confucius lived in poverty with his mother since childhood. With the support and encouragement of his mother, Confucius was very diligent in his studies.
When Confucius was seventeen years old, his mother died as a result of illness and overwork. Three years later, Confucius married a young woman who was from the Qiguan family (亓官氏) of the Song stat (宋). Though he had a mild tempered wife who loved him, he left his family to strive for his ideals. Confucius sought to revive the perfect virtue of Huaxia (Chinese civilization) and the classical properties of the Western Zhou Dynasty to build a great, harmonious and humanistic society.

Teachings

The Analects of Confucius
ConfuciusAnalectsIn the Analects (論語), Confucius presents himself as a “transmitter who invented nothing“.[7] He puts the greatest emphasis on the importance ofstudy,and it is the Chinese character for study (or learning) that opens the text. In this respect, he is seen by Chinese people as the Greatest Master.
Far from trying to build a systematic theory of life and society or establish a formalism of rites, he wanted his disciples to think deeply for themselves and relentlessly study the outside world, mostly through the old scriptures and by relating the moral problems of the present to past political events (like the Annals) or past expressions of feelings by common people and reflective members of the elite, preserved in the poems of theBook of Odes (詩經).
In times of division, chaos, and endless wars between feudal states, he wanted to restore the Mandate of Heaven (天命) that could unify the “world” (天下, all under Heaven) and bestow peace and prosperity on the people.Because his vision of personal and social perfections was framed as a revival of the ordered society of earlier times, Confucius is often considered a great proponent of unify the world but a closer look at what he proposes often shows that he used (and perhaps twisted) past institutions and rites to push a new political agenda of his own: a revival of a unified royal state, whose rulers would succeed to power on the basis of their moral merits instead of lineage; these would be rulers devoted to their people, striving for personal and social perfection. Such a ruler would spread his own virtues to the people instead of imposing proper behavior with laws and rules.
One of the deepest teachings of Confucius may have been the superiority of personal exemplification over explicit rules of behavior. His moral teachings emphasized self-cultivation, emulation of moral exemplars, and the attainment of skilled judgment rather than knowledge of rules, Confucius’s ethics may be considered a type of virtue ethics. His teachings rarely rely on reasoned argument, and ethical ideals and methods are conveyed more indirectly, through allusions, innuendo, and even tautology. This is why his teachings need to be examined and put into proper context in order to be understood.
A good example is found in this famous anecdote:
廄焚。子退朝，曰：“傷人乎？” 不問馬。
When the stables were burnt down, on returning from court, Confucius said, ‘Was anyone hurt?’ He did not ask about the horses.
Analects X.11, tr. Arthur Waley
The passage conveys the lesson that by not asking about the horses, Confucius demonstrated that a sage values human beings over property; readers of this lesson are led to reflect on whether their response would follow Confucius’s, and to pursue ethical self-improvement if it would not. Confucius, an exemplar of human excellence, serves as the ultimate model, rather than a deity or a universally true set of abstract principles. For these reasons, according to many Eastern and Western commentators, Confucius’s teaching may be considered a Chinese example of humanism.
Perhaps his most famous teaching was the Golden Rule stated in the negative form, often called the Silver Rule:
子貢問曰：“有一言而可以終身行之者乎”？子曰：“其恕乎！己所不欲、勿施於人。”Zi gong (a disciple of Confucius) asked: “Is there any one word that could guide a person throughout life?”
The Master replied: “How about ‘shu’ [reciprocity]: never impose on others what you would not choose for yourself?”
Analects XV.24, tr. David Hinton
Confucius’s teachings were later turned into an elaborate set of rules and practices by his numerous disciples and followers who organized his teachings into the Analects. In the centuries after his death, Mencius (孟子) and Xun Zi (荀子) both composed important teachings elaborating in different ways on the fundamental ideas associated with Confucius. In time, their writings, together with the Analects and other core texts came to constitute the philosophical corpus known in the West as Confucianism. After more than a thousand years, the scholar Zhu Xi (朱熹) created a very different interpretation of Confucianism which is now called Neo-Confucianism, to distinguish it from the ideas expressed in the Analects. Neo-Confucianism held sway in China, Korea, and Vietnam until the 19th century.


Philosophy

Confucianism
The Dacheng Hall, the main hall of the Temple of Confucius in Qufu
Although Confucianism is often followed in a religious manner by the Chinese, arguments continue over whether it is a religion. Confucianism does not lack an afterlife, the texts express simple views concerning Heaven, and is relatively unconcerned with some spiritual matters often considered essential to religious thought, such as the nature of the soul.
Confucius’ principles gained wide acceptance primarily because of their basis in common Chinese tradition and belief. He championed strong familial loyalty, ancestor worship, respect of elders by their children (and, according to later interpreters, of husbands by their wives), and the family as a basis for an ideal government. He expressed the well-known principle,
“Do not do to others what you do not want done to yourself” (One of the earliest versions of the Golden Rule). He also looked nostalgically upon earlier days, and urged the Chinese, particularly those with political power, to model themselves on earlier examples.
Because no texts survive that are demonstrably authored by Confucius, and the ideas most closely associated with him were elaborated in writings that accumulated over the period between his death and the foundation of the first Chinese empire in 221 BC, many scholars are very cautious about attributing specific assertions to Confucius himself.

Politics

confucius great learningConfucius’ political thought is based upon his ethical thought. He argues that the best government is one that rules through “rites” (lǐ) and people’s natural morality, rather than by using bribery and coercion.
He explained that this is one of the most important analects:
1. “If the people be led by laws, and uniformity sought to be given them by punishments, they will try to avoid the punishment, but have no sense of shame. If they be led by virtue, and uniformity sought to be given them by the rules of propriety, they will have the sense of the shame, and moreover will become good.” (Translated by James Legge) in the Great Learning (大學). This “sense of shame” is an internalization of duty, where the punishment precedes the evil action, instead of following it in the form of laws as in Legalism.
While he supported the idea of government by an all-powerful sage, ruling as an Emperor, probably because of the chaotic state of China at his time, his ideas contained a number of elements to limit the power of rulers. He argued for according language with truth; thus honesty was of paramount importance.
Even in facial expression, truth must always be represented. In discussing the relationship between a king and his subject (or a father and his son), he underlined the need to give due respect to superiors. This demanded that the inferior must give advice to his superior if the superior was considered to be taking the wrong course of action.
This was built upon a century after Confucius’s death by his latter day disciple Mencius, who argued that if the king was not acting like a king, he would lose the Mandate of Heaven and be overthrown. Therefore, tyrannicide is justified because a tyrant is more a thief than a king.
Other Confucian texts, though celebrating absolute rule by ethical sages, recognize the failings of real rulers in maxims such as, “An oppressive government is more feared than a tiger.”

Some well known Confucian quotes:

  • “To know your faults and be able to change is the greatest virtue.”
    知錯能改，善莫大焉
  • “What you do not wish for yourself, do not do to others.”
    己所不欲，勿施於人。
  • “With coarse rice to eat, with water to drink, and my crooked arm for a pillow – is not joy to be found therein? Riches and honors acquired through unrighteousness are to me as the floating clouds.”
    疏食飲水，曲肱而枕，樂在其中矣。不義而富貴，於我如浮雲。
  • “Knowledge is recognizing what you know and what you don’t.”
    知之為知之，不知為不知，是知也.
  • “Reviewing the day’s lessons. Isn’t it joyful? Friends come from far. Isn’t it delightful? One has never been angry at other’s misunderstanding. Isn’t he a respectable man?”
    學而時習之，不亦說乎？有朋自遠方來，不亦樂乎?人不知而不慍，不亦君子乎？
The last quote was chanted by the numerous drummers in the Opening Ceremony of the 2008 Olympics in Beijing, China.

Disciples and legacy

Disciples of Confucius
Confucius’ disciples and his only grandson, Zisi, continued his philosophical school after his death. These efforts spread Confucian ideals to students who then became officials in many of the royal courts in China, thereby giving Confucianism the first wide-scale test of its dogma. While relying heavily on Confucius’ ethico-political system, two of his most famous later followers emphasized radically different aspects of his teachings. Mencius (4th century BC) articulated the innate goodness in human beings as a source of the ethical intuitions that guide people towards rén,yì, and lǐ, while Xun Zi (3rd century BC) underscored the realistic and materialistic aspects of Confucian thought, stressing that morality was inculcated in society through tradition and in individuals through training.
This realignment in Confucian thought was parallel to the development of Legalism, which saw filial piety as self-interest and not a useful tool for a ruler to create an effective state. A disagreement between these two political philosophies came to a head in 223 BC when the Qin state conquered all of China. Li Ssu, Prime Minister of the Qin Dynasty convinced Qin Shi Huang to abandon the Confucians’ recommendation of awarding fiefs akin to the Zhou Dynasty before them which he saw as counter to the Legalist idea of centralizing the state around the ruler.
When the Confucian advisers pressed their point, Li Ssu had many Confucian scholars killed and their books burned – considered a huge blow to the philosophy and Chinese scholarship.Under the succeeding Han Dynasty and Tang Dynasty, Confucian ideas gained even more widespread prominence.
Under Wudi, the works of Confucius were made the official imperial philosophy and required reading for civil service examinations in 140 BC which was continued nearly unbroken until the end of the 19th Century. As Moism lost support by the time of the Han, the main philosophical contenders were Legalism, which Confucian thought somewhat absorbed, the teachings of Lao-tzu, whose focus on more mystic ideas kept it from direct conflict with Confucianism, and the new Buddhist religion, which gained acceptance during the Southern and Northern Dynasties era.
During the Song Dynasty, the scholar Zhu Xi (1130-1200 AD) added ideas from Daoism and Buddhism into Confucianism. In his life, Zhu Xi was largely ignored, but not long after his death his ideas became the new orthodox view of what Confucian texts actually meant. Modern historians view Zhu Xi as having created something rather different, and call his way of thinking Neo-Confucianism.
Both Confucian ideas and Confucian-trained officials were relied upon in the Ming Dynasty and even the Yuan Dynasty, although Kublai Khan distrusted handing over provincial control.
In the modern era Confucian movements, such as New Confucianism, still exist but during the Cultural Revolution, Confucianism was frequently attacked by leading figures in the Communist Party of China. This was partially a continuation of the condemnations of Confucianism by intellectuals and activists in the early 20th Century as a cause of the ethnocentric close-mindedness and refusal of the Qing Dynasty to modernize that led to the tragedies that befell China in the 19th Century.
In modern times, Asteroid 7853, “Confucius,” was named after the Chinese thinker.

Quote: “Respect yourself and others will respect you.”
Quote: “Today I have seen Lao-tzu and can only compare him to the dragon.”

Memorial ceremony of Confucius

The Chinese have a tradition of holding spectacular memorial ceremonies of Confucius (祭孔) every year, using ceremonies that supposedly derived from Zhou Li (周禮) as recorded by Confucius, on the date of Confucius’ birth. This tradition was interrupted for several decades in mainland China, where the official stance of the Communist Party and the State was that Confucius and Confucianism represented reactionary feudalist beliefs which held that the subservience of the people to the aristocracy is a part of the natural order. All such ceremonies and rites were therefore banned. Only after the 1990s, did the ceremony resume. As it is now considered a veneration of Chinese history and tradition, even Communist Party members may be found in attendance.
In Taiwan, where the Nationalist Party (Kuomintang) strongly promoted Confucian beliefs in ethics and behavior, the tradition of the memorial ceremony of Confucius (祭孔) is supported by the government and has continued without interruption. While not a national holiday, it does appear on all printed calendars, much as Father’s Day does in the West.

Influence in Asia and Europe

Confucius’s works are studied by many scholars in many other Asian countries, particularly those in the Sinosphere, such as Korea, Japan and Vietnam. Many of those countries still hold the traditional memorial ceremony every year.
“Life and works of Confucius”, by Prospero Intorcetta, 1687.
The works of Confucius were translated into European languages through the agency of Jesuit scholars stationed in China.Matteo Ricci started to report on the thoughts of Confucius, and father Prospero Intorcetta published the life and works of Confucius into Latin in 1687.It is thought that such works had considerable importance on European thinkers of the period, particularly among the Deists and other philosophical groups of the Enlightenment who were interested by the integration of the system of morality of Confucius into Western civilization.
The Ahmadiyya Muslim Community believes Confucius was a Divine Prophet of God, as was Lao-Tzu and other eminent Chinese personages.

Visual portraits

confu 5No contemporary painting or sculpture of Confucius survives, and it was apparently only during the Han Dynasty that he was portrayed visually. We may never know if the man really existed. Yet, as mentioned in the beginning, Laozi still offers a lot as several sayings attributed to him are still popular among Westerners today, even with people that don’t practice Daoism.
“Give a man a fish, and you feed him for a day. Teach a man to fish and you feed him for a lifetime,” Laozi once said. Even the American parody keeps Laozi’s legend alive with the saying: “Give a man a fish and you have fed him for today. Teach a man to fish and you could sell him fishing equipment.”
Carvings often depict his legendary meeting with Laozi.
In 2007 a Han dynasty fresco depicting this meeting was found in Dongping County. Since that time there have been many portraits of Confucius as the ideal philosopher. In former times it was customary to have a portrait in Confucius Temples; however, during the reign of Emperor Taizu of the Ming dynasty it was decided that the only proper portrait of Confucius should be in the temple in his hometown, Qufu. In other temples Confucius is represented by a memorial tablet. In 2006, the China Confucius Foundation commissioned a standard portrait of Confucius based on the Tang dynasty portrait by Wu Daozi.

Home town

Soon after Confucius’ death, Qufu, his hometown in the state of Lu and now in present-day Shandong Province, became a place of devotion and remembrance. It is still a major destination for cultural tourism, and many people visit his grave and the surrounding temples. In pan-China cultures, there are many temples where representations of the Buddha, Laozi and Confucius are found together. There are also many temples dedicated to him, which have been used for Confucianist ceremonies.
In November 1966, during the Chinese Cultural Revolution, the Qufu Confucian monuments suffered much damage and 6000 artifacts were destroyed.
The area was later restored.

Descendants

Confucius’ descendants were repeatedly identified and honored by successive imperial governments with titles of nobility and official posts. They were honored with the rank of a marquis thirty-five times since Gaozu of the Han Dynasty, and they were promoted to the rank of duke forty-two times from the Tang Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty. Emperor Xuanzong of Tang first bestowed the title of “Duke Wenxuan” on Kong Suizhi of the 35th generation. In 1055, Emperor Renzong of Song first bestowed the title of “Duke Yansheng” on Kong Zongyuan of the 46th generation.Despite repeated dynastic change in China, the title of Duke Yansheng was bestowed upon successive generations of descendants until it was abolished by the Nationalist Government in 1935.
The last holder of the title, Kung Te-cheng of the 77th generation, was appointed Sacrificial Official to Confucius. Kung Te-cheng was offered the position of puppet Emperor of China in 1937 by the Japanese, but Kung declined the offer.Te-cheng died in October 2008, and his son, Kung Wei-yi, the 78th lineal descendant, had died in 1989.
Kung Te-cheng’s grandson, Kung Tsui-chang, the 79th lineal descendant, was born in 1975; his great-grandson, Kung Yu-jen, the 80th lineal descendant, was born in Taipei on January 1, 2006. Te-cheng’s sister, Kong Demao, lives in mainland China and has written a book about her experiences growing up at the family estate in Qufu. Another sister, Kong Deqi, died as a young woman.
Confucius’s family, the Kongs, has the longest recorded extant pedigree in the world today. The father-to-son family tree, now in its 83rd generation, has been recorded since the death of Confucius. According to the Confucius Genealogy Compilation Committee, he has 2 million known and registered descendants, and there are an estimated 3 million in all.Of these, several tens of thousands live outside of China.In the 14th century, a Kong descendant went to Korea, where an estimated 34,000 descendants of Confucius live today. One of the main lineages fled from the Kong ancestral home in Qufu during the Chinese Civil War in the 1940s, and eventually settled in Taiwan.
Because of the huge interest in the Confucius family tree, there was a project in China to test the DNA of known family members.Among other things, this would allow scientists to identify a common Y chromosome in male descendants of Confucius. If the descent were truly unbroken, father-to-son, since Confucius’s lifetime, the males in the family would all have the same Y chromosome as their direct male ancestor, with slight mutations due to the passage of time.
However, in 2009, the family authorities decided not to agree to DNA testing.Bryan Sykes, professor of genetics at Oxford University, understands this decision: “The Confucius family tree has an enormous cultural significance,” he said. “It’s not just a scientific question.”The DNA testing was originally proposed to add new members, many of whose family record books were lost during 20th-century upheavals, to the Confucian family tree.
The fifth and most recent edition of the Confucius genealogy was printed by the Confucius Genealogy Compilation Committee (CGCC). It was unveiled in a ceremony at Qufu on September 24, 2009.Women are now included for the first time.
It is important to note that this only deals with those whose lines of descent are documented historically. Using mathematical models, it is easy to demonstrate that every human being alive today is likely to be a direct descendant of Confucius, even using mathematical models that assume an extremely small amount of cross cultural mating, since any human alive today would have had 1.5 sextillion ancestors alive at the time of Confucius, over a quadrillion times more than the population of the earth at the time, making descent from Confucius a mathematical certainty, even accounting for consanguinity and geographical and cultural barriers, as noted by Yale professor Joseph T. Chang.
http://acelebrationofwomen.org/2013/07/the-analects-%E8%AB%96%E8%AA%9E-confucius/

Confucius's principles had a basis in common Chinese tradition and belief. He championed strong family loyalty, ancestor worship, respect of elders by their children and of husbands by their wives. He also recommended family as a basis for ideal government. He espoused the well-known principle "Do not do to others what you do not want done to yourself", theGolden Rule.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confucius

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Islamist terrorism is a death-cult -- Janet Daley. How to reform the cult? -- Ali Sina. Dharma-Dhamma is an option. How to bell the cat?

November 14, 2015, 5:23 pm
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Paris terror attacks: The West is at war with a death cult – we must join together to stamp it out

In Islamist terrorism we face a violent and highly contagious madness that believes the killing of civilians is a moral act

Victims of the shooting at the Bataclan concert venue in central Paris are being evacuated to receive first aid
Victims of the shooting at the Bataclan concert venue in central Paris are evacuated to receive first aid Photo: Rex Features
5:09PM GMT 14 Nov 2015

Whatever this is, it is not a clash of civilisations. The concept of “civilisation” scarcely comes into it. Nor is it a struggle between competing sets of values, or a religious war, or a battle with an alien culture. There is no debate here – as there was in the Cold War – about how it is best for men to live: the enemy has stated explicitly that it does not revere life at all. On the contrary, it is in love with self-inflicted death, which it sees as the highest moral achievement.
"When the lucid try to impose logic on behaviour that is pathological, they will be driven into a dead end"
This is not even war in any comprehensible sense. Where are the demands, the negotiable limits, or the intelligible objectives? It is not the modern world versus medievalism, or the secular enlightenment trying to deal with fundamentalist religion. It isn’t anything that can be encompassed in the vocabulary of coherent, systematic thought in which we are now accustomed to describe the world. This is just insanity.
There is no point now arguing about the historical or theological roots, about correct or incorrect interpretations of the Koran or even the social role of Islamic leadership. When the lucid try to impose logic on behaviour that is pathological, they will be driven into a dead end – or waste time coming to blows among themselves on matters that are no longer relevant.
What we are faced with is a virulent and highly contagious madness, a hysterical death cult which has, almost by accident, fallen on the fertile ground of global circumstances: chaos in the Middle East, confusion and lack of resolve in the West and the awakening of a ruthless, opportunistic power base in the East.
But there is no time any more for international recriminations or parochial introspection. The old enmities and suspicions – between the West and Russia, Turkey and the Kurds – are going to have to be put aside in the name of one unified, relentless effort to stamp out an epidemic of murderous lunacy.
Civilians are not collateral damage in this campaign: their deaths are the whole point. This time there isn’t even the “logic” of the Charlie Hebdo attacks whose pretext was the blasphemous depiction of the Prophet. Just the slaughter of random innocents, many of whom may have been Muslims themselves, carried out for the sheer nihilistic thrill of it.
It is that thrill – the brief absolute power of anarchic terror – that is going to have to be forcibly suppressed with all the weapons at our disposal. Francois Holland declared that France would provide “a merciless response to [these] Isil barbarians”. But the question remains: how do you respond to unreason? All the things that make an enemy – however evil and malign – predictable, analysable, and intelligible are missing here. The actions make no sense in any terms that are within common understanding.
When the news started to come in from Paris, my husband and I began emailing our friends and contacts there. Are you OK? Are you and yours safe? They all replied immediately, even though they must have been preoccupied with the unfolding evermore horrendous events, sometimes taking place outside their own windows. It reminded me horribly of 9/11, and of trying desperately to reach friends in New York. All the phone lines were down so communications were agonisingly slow. It took days in some cases to learn whether people we knew were still alive.
And then there was London’s own 7/7. We were away on holiday in the country, unaware of what had happened until we received an inexplicable text from our daughter reassuring us that she and her family were unhurt. When we saw the news, I suddenly realised that there must be friends and family in the US trying to contact us at home. So I stood on a hill in the Yorkshire Dales – the only place I could get a mobile phone signal – and rang everybody I could think of in America. A cousin burst into tears when I reached her. Another friend’s son answered the phone and said, “Oh thank God, we’ve been trying to find you.” When we got home, I found the messages on our phone from his father: “I’m going to keep calling”, he said, “until I hear your voice.” Yes, we will all come together over this, hopefully not just in the first shocked moments of trauma but in a sustained, indefinite and, as Mr Hollande has said, “merciless” response. 
Europe will have, paradoxically, to be both more united and less convergent. If the Schengen agreement – the sacred principle of “open borders” – was already in question because of the flood of migrants from precisely the region which is spawning this movement, it must now be regarded as outrageously dangerous. The prospect of free, unchecked movement between EU countries was one of the great attractions of those thousands of people who arrived at the unpoliced external borders. Once having set foot on European soil it is possible to move from one end of the Schengen zone to another, to become effectively untraceable, seeking out the most favourable circumstances in any country at any moment.
It is an economic migrant’s dream, which may be no bad thing, but it is also an open field for terrorists – a thought which obviously occurred to Mr Hollande when, on Friday night, he closed the French borders, presumably indefinitely. The wire services are reporting as I write that a Syrian passport was found on the body of one of the terrorists. If this turns out to be true, it is going to raise fresh controversy about the EU policy on migration – even about the accommodation of Syrian refugees who had been considered one of the most unambiguously deserving categories of asylum-seekers in the current wave.
"The French people did not deserve this, just as Americans did not deserve 9/11. It is wicked and irresponsible to suggest otherwise"
France and its attitude toward Islam are already being analysed and dissected for all they are worth. Is it the willingness of the country to become involved in action in the regions claimed by Isil that has incited this terrible vindictiveness? Or the enforced secularism of the society in which such a large Muslim minority lives in alienation from national civic norms?
Was it the French military intervention in Libya, or the banning of the burka that was responsible for this havoc? Maybe none – or all – of the above. But none of this speculation is to the point. France has the honourable and consistent foreign policy that it has. It is a proudly secular republic which made the decision to separate civil life from religious observance several centuries ago for what it believed then – and believes now – to be historically sound reasons.
And what is the alternative that is being demanded? Sharia law? The subjection of women? An end to liberal democracy? Are any of these things even within the bounds of consideration? What could be accomplished by national self-doubt or criticism at this point, when there is not even a reasonable basis for discussion with the enemy?
If there is any need to argue about these matters, it should come at some other time. This debate cannot be conducted at the point of a gun held by a madman. Whatever the attitudes of France’s authorities, whatever mistakes might have been made in the assimilation of North African or Middle Eastern minorities, the French people did not deserve this, just as Americans did not deserve 9/11.
It is wicked and irresponsible to suggest otherwise. The indiscriminate mass murder of civilians must put an end to that. The sane people of the world – even when their ultimate objectives differ or conflict – will need to join together now to stamp out, by whatever means are necessary, a threat to all varieties of civilised life.

To the leaders of the Western Countries: Stop the Muslim Invasion

BY  · OCTOBER 1, 2015
Muslim refugees
The scenes of the sea of refugees escaping from the devastation brought on them by the religious zealots of the Islamic State are heart wrenching. It is only human to be moved and want to do something to save these people. Someone started a petition on Change.org urging Stephen Harper the prime minister of Canada to “open the gates” of the country and accept them by hundreds of thousands.
While the intent of the person starting that petition and those who signed it is laudable, sadly the result of such an action would be disastrous.
These refugees are victims of a war. War is the result of injustice. But we can’t have justice without truth and we can’t have truth without freedom of speech. Freedom of speech means freedom to offend. The speech that does not offend does not need protection. When we talk about freedom of speech we are talking exclusively of the speech that is politically incorrect.
This petition that I am urging you to sign and pass on is politically incorrect. Yet is it the truth and only truth can save us. Political correctness means lying when telling the truth is inconvenient. Truth can only hurt feelings but lies can be deadly.
We have to look into the cause of the war in Iraq and Syria and virtually all Muslim countries. There is only one answer: Islam. Yes we can also blame dictatorship, lack of democracy, absence of equality and a myriad other things. But these are byproducts of Islam. In democracy laws are made by humans. In Islam the laws are given by Allah. In democracy all citizens have equal rights. In Islam there is a hierarchy. Muslim men have twice as much right as Muslim women. Muslim women have twice as much right as non-Muslim men. Non-Muslim men have twice as much right as non-Muslim women and at the bottom of the hierarchy are the atheists and polytheists whose writes are barely more than the rights of animals. This hierarchy of rights is based on the teachings of the Quran and is inviolable.
Therefore, the root cause of the problem in all Muslim countries is Islam. From Morocco to Philippines Muslim societies suffer from the same ailments caused by Islam.
When we allow Muslims into our countries they bring with them the very problems that have ravaged theirs. They bring polygamy, honor killing, wife beating, female genital mutilation, religious intolerance, terrorism, abuse of non-Muslims, anti-Semitism and Jew hatred, intolerance for free speech, intolerance of your way of life and clothing, communal segregation, animal torture, A.K.A. halal meat, overwhelming the welfare system, child grooming, seduction of naïve young women and their rape, uncontrollable crime, and the list goes on. All these will cost you not just money but incalculable emotional sufferings. These refugees will not just bring poverty into your country but also anguish.
Muslims do not integrate. It is prohibited for them to take non-believers as friends unless the intent is to deceive them. As per the Quran 9:23 Muslims should not accept the rule of the unbelievers because Allah has made them an “exalted nation, that they should rule over people.” (2:143) Non-Muslims, according to the Quran, the book believed by Muslims to be the verbatim word of God, are filthy (9:28) and Muslims are ordained to “cast terror in their hearts” (8:12; 3:151)
Islam is incompatible with western values. The following are some of teachings of the Quran.
The unbelievers are the vilest of animals. (8:55)
Slay the unbelievers wherever you find them. (2:191)
Fight them and show them harshness. (9:123)
Do not take them as friends and helpers. Smite their necks. (47:4)
There are hundreds of verses such as these that define Muslims’ mindset and behavior. The problem with the Muslim world is Islam. Wherever they live, Muslims indoctrinate their children with these supremacists teaching. These teachings define their outlook at life, and the way they interact with others. The belief that all religions teach something good is an unfounded fallacy.
In interpreting the meaning of the verse 3:28 that says don’t take non-Muslims as friends unless by the way of taqiyah Ibn Kathir the most authoritative interpreter of the Quran said Muslims are not allowed to take unbelievers as friends “except those believers who in some areas or times fear for their safety from the disbelievers. In this case, such believers are allowed to show friendship to the disbelievers outwardly, but never inwardly. For instance, Al-Bukhari recorded that Abu Ad-Darda’ (a close companion of Muhammad) said, “We smile in the face of some people although our hearts curse them.” Al-Bukhari said that Al-Hasan said, “The taqiyah (lying for the sake of Islam) is allowed until the Day of Resurrection.”
The fruits of Islam speak for themselves. This has been the case for 1400 years. As long as Muslims could raid and loot other nations they led a prosperous life. That is what is known as the golden age of Islam. Once that was no longer possible they reverted to poverty.
Muhammad raided villages and town at dawn when people had come out with their spades and baskets to attend to their farms. He massacred the men, tortured them to death so they reveal where they had hidden their treasures and on the same night he slept with their wives. This is the inconvenient truth, recorded in authentic Islamic sources that no one is allowed to mention because truth is the new hate speech.
When Muslims are allowed to enter the western countries, in such a large numbers, they will bring with themselves their ethos and their supremacist mindset. As the history shows the result has always been disastrous and the host countries have always been the losers. As their numbers grow they will demand others to change their way in order to accommodate them. For example, to impose blasphemy law on their citizens and to prosecute and jail those who speak against Islam. They also take their own law into their hands and kill those who criticize their faith.
To expect Muslims to be grateful for granting them refugee status denotes one’s total lack of understanding of Islam and the Muslim mind. As far as Muslims are concerned all the wealth in this world belongs to them. It is your obligation to toil and support them. Your wealth is rightfully theirs. The Quran 8:69 tells Muslims to enjoy what they rob from unbelievers for it is “lawful and good.”
An authentic hadith reports Umar, the second rightly guided caliph of Islam saying [The Prophet] fixed stipends for Muslims, and provided protection for the people of other religions by levying jizyah (poll tax) on them. [Dawud: 19: 2955]
This was the inspiration behind the creation of the Mafia in Sicily. When Muslims were expelled, the local thugs who worked for them filled the vacuum created by their masters and demanded payment from businesses in exchange for their safety.
Muslims interpret the help you give them as their rightfully earned Jizyah and will not be satisfied until you pay them most of your wealth and they become your masters. Failure to comply means assassination and terror.
The Muslims’ belief in their entitlement is so entrenched in their psyche that it is impossible for them to think in any other way. Not only they believe that your wealth is theirs they also believe that non-Muslim women are whores and fair game to rape. It is not possible for Muslims to think in any other way because that would be to doubt their prophet, a thought that they cannot entertain.
This new wave of Muslim invasion, will only spell the destruction of the western civilization and the end of the liberty and democracy in these countries. Muslims will demand more privileges, free housing, free and halal food which entails more cruelty to animals, free medical care, and funding to build mosques. As the result you will be taxed more and will have to take the food off the plates of your children to give it to Muslim men who have no respect for you, your wife and daughter and would not hesitate to rape them if they can get away with it. If this is not insanity please define this word.
So how shall we deal with this humanitarian crisis? We have to keep Muslims from entering the western countries. This is the best for them too. This will allow Muslims to come to their senses and realize what is happening to them is the result of their belief in a false god and a false prophet. Once this realization takes place and Muslims begin leaving Islam there would be nothing to stop them from rebuilding their countries and becoming prosperous nations, like Israelis, who share everything with Muslims except religion.
Allowing Muslims to enter the western countries is nothing short of madness. Imagine a country ravaged by a deadly virus, like bubonic disease. Will it be a good idea to bring the infected people into our countries? That would be insane. The right thing to do is to help them defeat their disease. Likewise, the best way to help Muslims is to help them leave Islam. Islam is the source of their misery. Bringing them into our countries will only spread their disease and infect us too.
More Muslims means more western women will be raped; more no-go zones will be created; more picturesque European cities will be transformed into kasbahs; your children will be bullied, and beaten up in schools; there will be more crimes and the westerners will become hostages in their own countries and soon second class citizens. Remember what happened in Lebanon in our own time and expect that to happen all across the Europe, Australia, Canada and America.
There is something else that we must not discard and that is the rise of the right wing radicalism. It is not rational to assume all the westerners will take this much abuse lying down. Some will rise to defend their countries and the result will be a bloody war in western cities.
Sadly that would be too little and too late because when it comes to violence and terror no one can match Muslims. Less than 300 Muslims in Yathrib, under the leadership of Muhammad, through terror and assassination, cast so much terror in the hearts of the unbelievers that a town of about 10,000 inhabitants capitulated in just three years. In less than five years Muhammad expelled some and massacred the rest of all the Jews, the original inhabitants of Yathrib and changed the name of that town to Medinat al Nabi (Prophet’s Town) and bragged, “I have been made victorious with terror.” [Bukhari 4.52.220)
Curiously, more than 90% of the so called refugees are healthy Muslim men between the ages of 17 and 45. Coincidentally this is the group that is responsible for 99% of terrorism. And even this does not seem to raise the red flag. Why not give them a gun so they liberate their country?
All Muslims are victims and given a chance want to come the kafir lands that they despise so much. But there are 1.5 billion of them. How many of them can we accommodate? Why not help them get rid of Islam and solve their problems instead? Isn’t that a better solution?
The only way to help Muslims is to remove the source of their backwardness and misery and that is to help them leave Islam. They must taste the bitter fruit of Islam to come to their senses and that is why the western countries should stay away from Muslims ‘conflicts. Save the religious minorities such as the Christians and the Yezidis that have been the primary victims of Muslim and leave Muslims to their own devices. Let them pray to Allah to save them. It is simply not wise to save those whose primary intent is to subdue us and dominate us.
The following are a few of hundreds of examples of what Muslims are bringing with themselves to the west. Please watch the first one at least as it confirms everything I said in this article. And please spread this petition. Nothing is more deadly than ignorance about Islam and this ignorance is overwhelming.
Ali Sina is an ex Muslim founder of Faithfreedom.org and author of Understanding Muhammad and Muslims.
http://www.faithfreedom.org/to-the-leaders-of-the-western-countries-stop-the-muslim-invasion/
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Le Monde: Paris attacks (Videos).Prosecutor Molins says three teams involved -- BBC

November 14, 2015, 5:40 pm
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Le Monde - Paris attacks.

  1. by iNews Malta
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Bataclan attack video: People flee Paris theater seconds after terrorists open fire

  1. by RT 
    • 10 hours ago
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    Footage filmed by 'Le Monde' journalist Daniel Psenny captured the moment crowds fled the Bataclan concert hall in Paris, Friday ...
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Paris attack: Video footage from outside Bataclan concert hall

  1. by CCTV News 
    • 12 hours ago
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    A reporter for the French newspaper Le Monde filmed people fleeing from the Bataclan concert hall after Friday's terror attacks in ...
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Footage shows injured escaping from Paris attack

  1. by INQUIRER.net 
    • 2 hours ago
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    Le Monde journalist Daniel Psenny filmed from his window the injured who tried to escape via a back entrance of the Bataclan ...
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Paris attacks: Prosecutor Molins says three teams involved

Nov. 15, 2015
Three teams carried out the attacks in the French capital which killed 129 people and left more than 350 wounded, the Paris chief prosecutor says.
"We have to find out where they came from... and how they were financed," Francois Molins told reporters.
He said seven attackers had been killed, and that all had been heavily armed and wearing explosive belts.
Friday's attacks, claimed by Islamic State militants, hit a concert hall, a major stadium, restaurants and bars.
Prime Minister Manuel Valls has said France will continue with air strikes against IS in Syria and described the group as a very well-organised enemy.
Mr Molins confirmed that one of the dead attackers had been identified as a 29-year-old Frenchman who had a criminal record, but had never spent time in jail.
Omar Ismaïl Mostefai was identified after his finger was found at the Bataclan concert hall and matched fingerprints the police had on file, AFP reported.
Mostefai came from the town of Courcouronnes, 25km (15 miles) south of Paris. He had been identified by the security services as having been radicalised but had never been implicated in a counter-terrorism investigation.
Investigators are trying to find out whether he travelled to Syria in 2014, judicial sources told AFP.
French police have taken Mostefai's father and brother into custody and searched their homes.
Mostefai's older brother attended a police station voluntarily.
"It's crazy, insane. I was in Paris myself last night, I saw what a mess it was," he told AFP before being placed in custody.
He said he had not had contact with his younger brother for several years.
Media captionPeople could be seen escaping from the Bataclan concert hall shortly after a series of explosions
Mr Molins also said the arrests of three men in Belgium on Saturday were linked to the attacks.
Belgian Prime Minister Charles Michel said investigators were trying to establish whether one of the suspects picked up near Brussels might have been in Paris on Friday evening.
Speaking in Paris on Saturday evening, Mr Molins told reporters: "We can say at this stage of the investigation there were probably three co-ordinated teams of terrorists behind this barbaric act."
Mr Molins said all seven militants had used Kalashnikov assault rifles and the same type of explosive vests.
Media captionProsecutor Francois Molins: "We have to find out where they came from... and how they were financed"

The investigation

Mr Molins also gave details about the state of the investigation, which he said was at a very early stage.
He said police were focusing on two vehicles. One is a black Seat used by gunmen at two of the attacks, and still untraced.
The other is a black Volkswagen Polo with Belgian registration plates found at the concert venue that was targeted.
He said this had been rented by a Frenchman living in Belgium.
He was identified while driving another vehicle in a spot check by police on Saturday morning as he crossed into Belgium with two passengers.
The BBC's Hugh Schofield in Paris says investigators are working on the theory that these three may be another team of attackers who managed to flee the scene.
The Greek authorities say two people under investigation by the French police had registered in Greece as Syrian refugees. A Syrian passport was found near the body of one the attackers at the Stade de France.
An Egyptian passport has also been linked to the attacks.

How the attacks unfolded

Media captionHow the attacks in Paris unfolded on Friday night
French President Francois Hollande imposed a state of emergency after the worst peacetime attack in France since World War Two. It is also the deadliest in Europe since the 2004 Madrid bombings.
The violence began soon after 21:00 (20:00 GMT) as people were enjoying a Friday night out in the French capital.
A gunman opened fire on Le Carillon bar near the Place de la Republique in the 10th arrondissement (district) , before heading across the road to Le Petit Cambodge (Little Cambodia), killing a total of 15 people.
"We heard the sound of guns, 30-second bursts. It was endless," resident Pierre Montfort said.
A few streets away, diners sitting on the terrace of La Casa Nostra pizzeria were also fired on, with the loss of five lives.
Mr Molins said 19 people had been killed at the Belle Equipe bar in the 11th arrondissement, while the toll from the attack on the Bataclan concert hall stood at 89.
At about the same time, on the northern outskirts of Paris, 80,000 people who had gathered to watch France play Germany at the Stade de France heard three explosions outside the stadium.
President Hollande was among the spectators and was whisked away after the first blast.
Investigators had found the bodies of three suicide bombers around the Stade de France, Mr Molins said. One other person died in the blasts.
Tower Bridge in London lit up in the colours of the French flagImage copyrightReuters
Image captionLondon's Tower Bridge was one of a number of landmarks around the world to display the colours of the French flag

Attack sites:

La Belle Equipe, 92 rue de Charonne, 11th district - 19 dead in gun attacks
Le Carillon bar and Le Petit Cambodge restaurant at rue Alibert, 10th district - 15 dead in gun attacks
La Casa Nostra restaurant, 92 rue de la Fontaine au Roi, 11th district - five dead in gun attacks
Stade de France, St Denis, just north of Paris - explosions heard outside venue, three attackers and bystander dead
Bataclan concert venue, 50 Boulevard Voltaire, 11th district - 89 dead when stormed by gunmen
Map
The 1,500-seat Bataclan concert hall in the 11th arrondissement suffered the worst of Friday night's attacks. Gunmen opened fire on a sell-out gig by US rock group Eagles of Death Metal, killing 89 people.
"At first we thought it was part of the show but we quickly understood," Pierre Janaszak, a radio presenter, told AFP news agency.
"They didn't stop firing. There was blood everywhere, corpses everywhere. We heard screaming. Everyone was trying to flee."
He said the gunmen took 20 hostages, and he heard one of them tell their captives: "It's Hollande's fault, he should not have intervened in Syria."
Media captionA witness to the explosions at the Stade de France says he was saved by his mobile phone
Within an hour, security forces had stormed the concert hall and all three attackers there were dead.
Islamic State released a statement on Saturday saying "eight brothers wearing explosive belts and carrying assault rifles" had carried out the attacks on "carefully chosen" targets, and were a response to France's involvement in the air strikes on IS militants in Syria and Iraq.
Shortly before, President Hollande said France had been "attacked in a cowardly shameful and violent way".
"So France will be merciless in its response to the Daesh [Islamic State] militants," he said, vowing to "use all means within the law.. on every battleground here and abroad together with our allies".
Many officials buildings as well as Disneyland Paris have been closed, sports events have been cancelled and large gatherings have been banned for the next five days.
Outside the Carillon cafe in Paris on 14 November 2015Image copyrightEPA
Image captionParis is in mourning after Friday night's wave of attacks
Soldiers on patrol in south-west France on 14 November 2015Image copyrightAFP
Image captionFrench security forces are now on the highest state of alert

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The sun shines on India's Aditya -- Shubashree Desikan

November 14, 2015, 6:19 pm
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Published: November 15, 2015 01:50 IST | Updated: November 15, 2015 02:58 IST  November 15, 2015

The sun shines on India's Aditya

Magnetic fields inside the interior of the Sun which were simulated using computers.
Magnetic fields inside the interior of the Sun which were simulated using computers.

India's solar mission will study the Sun's outermost layers — the corona and the chromosphere — and collect data about coronal mass ejection

After a seven year long wait, Aditya, India’s first dedicated scientific mission to study the sun is likely to get a go-ahead from the Prime Minister’s Office (PMO) this week. The ambitious solar mission will study the sun’s outer most layers, the corona and the chromosphere, collect data about coronal mass ejection and more, which will also yield information for space weather prediction.
The project costs approximately Rs 400 crores and is a joint venture between ISRO and physicists from Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bengaluru; Inter University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune; Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, and other institutes.
Though the project was conceptualised in 2008 itself, it has since morphed and grown and is now awaiting clearance with the government. It now aims to put a heavy satellite into what is called a halo orbit around the L1 point between the Sun and the Earth. This point is at a distance of about 1.5 million km from the earth. With the excitement about the Mars Orbiter Mission yet to settle down, this could be the next most complicated feat that ISRO has carried out till date.
In a three-body problem such as this – with the earth and sun engaged in an elliptical orbit and a relatively very light, call it massless in comparison, satellite being placed in between – there are five so-called lagrangian points in space where the light, third body — in our case, the satellite — may be placed so that it can maintain its position with respect to the two others. One of these is the L1 point, which is about 1.5 million km from the earth.
A halo orbit would be a circular orbit around the L1 point. The satellite will have to use its own power (spend energy) to remain in position within in this orbit without losing its way. Such orbits have not been attempted too often.
Studying the corona
Among the suite of instruments in the payload would be a solar coronagraph. “A combination of imaging and spectroscopy in multi-wavelength will enhance our understanding of the solar atmosphere. It will provide high time cadence sharp images of the solar chromosphere and the corona in the emission lines. These images will be used to study the highly dynamic nature of the solar corona including the small-scale coronal loops and large-scale Coronal Mass Ejections,” said Dipankar Banerjee, physicist from IIA, who is part of this project. The corona is the outermost layer of the Sun and the chromosphere is the second inner layer. Data such as this can help us understand the corona and solar wind, which is a spewing of charged particles into space, at speeds as high as 900 km/s and at about 1 million degrees Celsius temperature, affecting the environment there.
Just like on earth, environment in space changes due to happenings in the sun, such as solar storms (flares). This is known as space weather. Dibyendu Nandi, Head of Center of Excellence in Space Sciences, IISER, Kolkata, describes it so: “Solar storms and space weather affect satellite operations. They may interfere with electronic circuitry of satellites and also, through enhanced drag (friction effects), impact satellite mission lifetimes. They also impact the positional accuracy of satellites and thus impact GPS navigational networks. Space weather also impacts telecommunications, satellite TV broadcasts which are dependent on satellite-based transmission.”
Dr Nandi works in building models that can predict space weather. Hopeful about Aditya’s contribution to this, he remarks “The data from Aditya mission will be immensely helpful in discriminating between different models for the origin of solar storms and also for constraining how the storms evolve and what path they take through the interplanetary space from the Sun to the Earth. The forecasting models we are building will therefore be complemented by the Aditya observations.”
At the moment, there are models and calculations made by NASA which Indian scientists use to maintain their satellites. Now, there is a possibility of Indians developing their own space weather prediction models.
shubashree.desikan@thehindu.co.in
http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/the-sun-shines-on-indias-aditya/article7878625.ece
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Dalits were upper castes -- Bizay Sonkar Shastri

November 14, 2015, 8:17 pm
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Published: October 29, 2015 03:38 IST | Updated: October 29, 2015 03:38 IST  NEW DELHI, October 29, 2015

Dalits were upper castes: BJP leader

Bizay Sonkar Shastri differs with B.R. Ambedkar’s view on how “untouchability” came about.
Bizay Sonkar Shastri differs with B.R. Ambedkar’s view on how “untouchability” came about.

Spokesman goes into 'origins’ of untouchability

Were Dalits pushed into “unclean occupations” because they refused to bow before “Muslim invaders” and convert to Islam in medieval times, thus making them “untouchables”? This is how BJP’s national spokesperson Bizay Sonkar Shastri explains the origin of “untouchability” in India.
“Their (‘medieval Muslim invaders’) biggest hurdle in India was its Hinduism. In particular, the Brahmins – who were defenders of culture and religion – and Kshatriyas, who were defenders of geographical boundaries. They were forced to embrace Islam. Atrocities were committed on them,” Mr. Shastri told The Hindu in a freewheeling chat.
“Some Brahmins and Kshatriyas decided they would not accept Islam at any cost – even if they die. To destroy their dharmabhiman(religious pride), swabhiman (self-respect) and rashtraabhiman (pride in nationality), they were forced into carrying the night soil and engage in leather-work. This is how Scheduled Castes were created.”
Mr. Shastri added: “This is why Dalits feel hurt when insulted. They want to live for sammaan (self-respect).”
Mr. Shastri – himself a Dalit leader – has also authored books on some Dalit castes.
He differs with B.R. Ambedkar’s view on how “untouchability” came about. Dr. Ambedkar saw “untouchability” as having begun in 400 AD, when beef-eating was purportedly banned and beef-eaters shunned as “untouchables.” This theory — cited in Volume-7 of his writings and speeches edited by Vasant Moon — thus, sees those who shunned beef – Hindus themselves – as responsible for pushing people into “untouchability.”
Mr. Shastri disagrees with this theory, convinced by his view that “unclean occupations” explain it better.
His chronology for “untouchability” is similar to that mentioned by RSS joint general secretary Krishna Gopal in an article in the Organiser’s recent special issue on Dr. Ambedkar.
Mr. Shastri has one problem with Hindus too: they failed to distinguish between cleanliness -- which is external -- and holiness -- which is internal -- in the context of Dalits.
He, however, claimed sections of Dalits have misread Dr. Ambedkar.
Mr. Shastri also has a theory for the Scheduled Tribes – these were those Brahmins and Kshatriyas who receded to the hills after the Muslim invasions.
http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/dalits-were-upper-castes-bjp-leader/article7815509.ece
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Carnage in Paris -- As'ad AbuKhalil; Limited impact -- Daniel Pipes; France contemplates a reckoning -- Stratfor. May true liberty of dharma rescue Europe.

November 14, 2015, 8:35 pm
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Some Observations About the Carnage in Paris

As'ad AbuKhalil


14 November 2015


1) ISIS has gone on the offensive: in ten days, they downed a Russian civilian airliner, massacred Hazara Shi`ites in Afghanistan, bombed the southern suburbs of Beirut and now Paris.

2) Western governments: US and France in particular along with their Saudi,Qatari, and Turkish allies are directly responsible for the rise and expansion of ISIS through their policies in Syria which cuddled and nurtured ISIS and its sister terrorist organizations.

3) there is no way on earth to stem the menace of ISIS and Al-Qa`idah like organizationswithout going to the source, in Saudi Arabia which is the official headquarters of the Ibn Taymiyyah's terrorist interpretation of Islam.

4) Ibn Taymiyyah is the one thinker/theologian who has inspired and guided the deeds and thoughts of terrorists striking in the name of Islam.

5) Western governments AND media have been rather cynically silent about victims of ISIS terrorism if the civilian victims happen to be categorized as "enemies".  Western governments AND media (look at the dispatches from Times and Post over the last 4 years about Syria) have consistently ignored and even cheered sectarian massacres of Syrian and Lebanese civilians if seems as being perpetrated by foes of the Syrian regime.

6) Just as ISIS and Al-Qa`idah brought terrorism to the heart of the West, Western governments have also been exporting death and destruction to the Middle East and North Africa: from Mali to Libya to Egypt to Sudan to Somalia to Syria to Iraq to Pakistan to Afghanistan.  Terrorism has been inflicted on people in those countries by the terrorism of ISIS and Al-Qa`idah and by the bombs and rockets and drones of Western governments.

7) All Arabs today have noticed something that can't be ignored: how ISIS and Al-Qa`idah terrorists travel the world to inflict their terrorism by yet spare Israel and its interests.  The relationship between the Israeli Zionist occupation entity and Nusrah Front--the official branch of Al-Qa`idah in Syria--is not a secret anymore.

8) ISIS can't be defeated from the air as long as Western governments and their Gulf and Turkish allies assist it on the ground, directly or indirectly.

9) Just as Western powers created and nurtured the precursor of Al-Qa`idah in Afghanistan in order to defeat the communist regime there, those same powers have created and nurtured a cocktail of the worst Middle East terrorists ever in Syria in the hope that they would bring down the Syrian regime.

10) the story of ISIS terrorism began with not only the invasion of Iraq and its repercussions in 2003 but also with the creation of a vast save haven for Islamist terrorism in Libya.  Libya was the biggest gift to Jihadi terrorism since the fall of the Taliban.

11) US and France have been creating the culture of terrorism in the region (along with GCC regimes) but creating a reckless and terrorist haven in Syria in the name of fighting for "democracy and secularism"--in the stupid language of John Kerry--by making dubious distinctions between various terrorists in Syria through making allies with Nusrah Front there and its affiliates.

12) The myth of moderate Syrian rebels in Syria has to be discarded.  The remnants of Free Syrian Army units are basically ISIS in the waiting.

13) Western correspondents in Beirut who are in charge of covering the Syrian savage war are all guilty (with the exception of Patrick Cockburn)for misinforming their leaders and misguiding them.  They have been ignoring AND JUSTIFYING the scores of car bombs and war crimes by Syrian rebels in Syria and Lebanon because those crimes fit into their struggle against the Syrian regime.

14) Western human right organizations are also guilty for creating a culture of bogus human rights rhetoric which belittled and even justified the war crimes of Syrian rebels (see the latest human rights report by HRW on placing Alawite women in cages).

15) French policy under the socialist government has even elevated the relationship with the Saudi and Qatari regimes--the two governments which more than anyone have sponsored and armed and financed the cocktail of the most dangerous terrorists in Syria.

16) It is high time that Western governments give up on their policies and wars in Syria not to preserve the Syrian regime (as Iran and Russia would like) but to exclude from the future of Syria both sides of war criminals there.

17) I don't like Bashshar Al-Asad one bit and I wanted the overthrow of that regime since 1976 when its army invaded Lebanon and smashed my dreams of a progressive leftist revolution in Lebanon, but who can now disagree with the warnings given by him three years ago that those terrorists that they are helping will one day strike in the heart of Europe? Syrian regime supporters are today all over reproducing those remarks and reairing them.

18) The Saudi and Qatari regime media (Al-Jazeera and Al-Arabiyya in particular but others as well) have created a culture of terrorism in which crimes against civilians who happen to be Shi`ites or Alawites or Christians or Sunnis who reside in "regime dominated areas of Syria" are justified on a daily basis.  Just yesterday, after the bombs of the southern suburbs both Saudi and Qatari regime media provided ample justifications and rationalization for the crimes and lionized the terrorists who perpetrated them.  This culture of terrorism is responsible climate in which crimes of Paris take place.

19) Western governments can't have it both ways: they can't continue to support gulf regimes and arming them while claiming to want to fight terrorism.

20) US and Western governments and media are responsible for the selective denunciations and condemnations culture: they are silent about the daily crimes against the Palestinian civilian population by key West ally, the terrorist state of Israel.

21) Arabs/Muslims and Westerners can't get to reach a common understanding against all manners of terrorism as long as Western governments and Arab regimes continue to be selective in condemnation of terrorism.

22) Western support for dictatorships in the Arab world are responsible in many ways for the creation of ISIS and those terrorist groups.

23) terrorist groups in the Middle East have been used and misused by local regimes and Western powers and Israel for many decades.

24) Yes, the Iraq invasion of 2003 has proven to be exactly what Jacque Chirac has warned it would be: a dangerous pandora's box.

25) Obama has really not deviated from the dangerous policies of Bush and his expansion of wars in the Middle East fueled the rise of ISIS.

26) The Islam of Arab regimes is a dangerous and conservative Islam.  It can't be changed by the military commanders of Western powers but it can be changed by the people of the region if they are allowed to choose and think freely: but neither the West nor the Arab regimes want the Arabs to think freely. Al-Azhar University has become through bribes a tool for the Saudi Wahhabi regime.

27) It is not sectarian to declare Saudi Wahhabi doctrine as the official doctrine of Jihadi terrorism.  Wahhabiyyah is not a sect: it is a school of fanatical terrorist thought and practice.

28)  How does Western powers fight ISIS? They foolishly rely on a royal buffoon in Jordan and on the UAE regime to engage in promoting a kinder Islam in social media. The fools in DC who think that those potentates have any standing among the young Muslims need to have their heads examined.

29) Western powers and media are all hypocrites: they still cheer or cover up the war crimes of ISIS and Nusrah in Syria if the affected victims happen to reside in Syrian regime controlled areas.

30) there should be a categorical end to external support of ALL Syrian rebels and to the Syrian regime by all sides.

31) there is more but I have to run.

32) Oh, also: why does the media coverage make these massacres West-versus-Islam when many of the victims in Paris would most likely include many Muslims and when ISIS in the Middle East kill more Muslims than non-Muslims, despite the fact that members of US Congress only see Jews and Christians as victims but not Muslims.
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RELATED PLEASE


Why the Paris Massacre Will Have Limited Impact


Daniel Pipes


14 November 2015


Placing the murderous rampage in Paris into this context, it will likely move public sentiments substantially in one direction and Establishment policies in quite the opposite way, therefore ultimately having only a limited impact.

http://www.nationalreview.com/article/427087/paris-attacks-islam-public-opinion?target=author&tid=900923

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After Paris, France Contemplates a Reckoning

Stratfor Analysis


14 November 2015


The Paris attacks will therefore improve the popularity of anti-immigration parties in many European countries, and continue to weaken popular support for the Schengen agreement. 

Several countries, including Germany, Sweden, Slovenia and Hungary had already re-established border controls because of the immigration crisis. 

Hungary and Slovenia have gone as far as building fences along their borders. 

After the Nov. 13 attacks, most EU governments will find it hard to justify a policy of open borders.
http://www.informationclearinghouse.info/article43418.htm


http://tinyurl.com/pcwgkyf
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Kaalaadhan: ED registers money-laundering case against Himachal Pradesh CM Virbhadra Singh

November 15, 2015, 1:21 am
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ED registers money-laundering case against Himachal Pradesh CM Virbhadra Singh

PTI | Nov 15, 2015, 10.40 AM IST

ED registers money-laundering case against Himachal Pradesh CM Virbhadra Singh
ED investigators are expected to question Virbhadra Singh and his other associates soon. (ET Photo)
NEW DELHI: In fresh trouble for Himachal Pradesh chief minister Virbhadra Singh, the Enforcement Directorate (ED) has registered a money-laundering case against him. 

The agency has filed the case under provisions of the Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA) after taking cognisance of a criminal complaint filed by the CBI in this regard in September. 

Agency sources said investigators have gathered some "important" documents to probe and detect the "proceeds of crime" allegedly channelled by Singh and his associates by using purported illegal funds.

Also Read:

Centre can even take help of FBI: Virbhadra Singh 

ED investigators are also expected to question Singh and his other associates soon. 

The agency will work to investigate the allegation that Singh and his family members allegedly amassed wealth of Rs 6.1 crore between 2009-11, disproportionate to his known sources of income, while serving as the Union Minister of Steel. 

"The ED will also carry out the stipulated action of attachment of assets after investigations reach a proper stage," a source said. 

The CBI FIR had named Singh, his wife Pratibha Singh, LIC agent Anand Chauhan and Chauhan's brother CL Chauhan and they were charged under the Prevention of Corruption Act. 

CBI suspects that during the 2009-11 period, Singh allegedly invested Rs 6.1 crore in life insurance policies in his and his family members' names through LIC agent Chauhan claiming this money to be his agricultural income. 

It alleged Singh attempted to legitimize the same as agricultural income by filing revised income tax returns in 2012. 

"The agricultural income as claimed by him in his revised ITRs was not found to be tenable. The then Union minister had allegedly accumulated other assets disproportionate to known sources of income," CBI had alleged. 

CBI had also carried out searches at various premises belonging to Singh and family immediately after filing the FIR and the Congress party had then termed the action as "highly vindictive". 

The sources said the ED office in state capital Shimla will handle the case with assistance from the headquarters of the agency in Delhi.
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/ED-registers-money-laundering-case-against-Himachal-Pradesh-CM-Virbhadra-Singh/articleshow/49788593.cms
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Search

France declares a state of war. The nature of this war is unlike World War I or II.

November 15, 2015, 1:40 am
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Paris attacks: One of the eight terrorists identified as Omar Ismail Mostefai

By: Express Web Desk | Paris | Updated: November 15, 2015 12:08 pm
paris attacks, LIVE paris attacks, paris, IS attacks paris, ISIS paris attacks, Paris Romania citizens, Romania citizens death, france attacks, Islamic State, paris bombing, paris shootout, paris terrrorist, paris bombing live, paris live updates, paris news, world newsAn injured being assisted near the Bataclan concert hall after the attacks in Paris. At least 87 died in Bataclan alone. France has declared a national emergency and tightened border control measures. (Source: Reuters)
Omar Ismail Mostefai was known to police as nothing more than a petty criminal before he became the first gunman identified from Friday’s attacks in Paris, which left at least 129 dead.
Identified by his finger, which was found among the rubble of the Bataclan concert hall, the 29-year-old was one of three men who blew himself up killing 89 people in the bloodiest scene of the carnage.
Paris prosecutor Francois Molins said Mostefai had been singled out as a high-priority target for radicalisation in 2010 but, before Friday, he had “never been implicated in an investigation or a terrorist association”.
Investigators are now probing whether he took a trip to Syria last year, according to police sources.
The killer’s father and 34-year-old brother were placed in custody on Saturday evening and their homes were searched.
paris attacks, LIVE paris attacks, paris, IS attacks paris, ISIS paris attacks, Paris Romania citizens, Romania citizens death, france attacks, Islamic State, paris bombing, paris shootout, paris terrrorist, paris bombing live, paris live updates, paris news, world news
Highlights:
10.30 am: Times Square, French consulates and sports stadiums saw increased security Saturday, but US authorities noted the stepped-up patrols were out of an abundance of caution following the Paris terror attacks that killed more than 120.
10.00 am: People on Twitter have come out in support of Muslims after Islamophobic messages circulate on the social media site.READ: Islamophobic tweets drown in voices of support
9.00 am: Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump says the terror attacks in Paris would have been “a much, much different situation” had the victims been armed with guns.
8.30 am: Here are some of the victims identified by the French authorities —
Valentin Ribet, 26, a lawyer with the Paris office of the international law firm Hogan Lovells. He was among scores of people killed at a rock show in the Bataclan concert hall.
Nohemi Gonzalez, 23, a senior at California State University, Long Beach. The university said Gonzalez, from El Monte, California, was attending Strate College of Design in Paris during a semester abroad program.
Djamila Houd, 41, of Paris, originally from the town of Dreux, southwest of the capital. The newspaper serving Dreux L’Echo Republicain said Houd was killed at a cafe on the rue de Charrone in Paris.
Thomas Ayad, 32, producer manager for Mercury Music Group and a music buff who was killed at the Bataclan.
Mathieu Hoche, 38, a technician at France24 news channel, also killed at the concert. A friend, Antoine Rousseay, tweeted about how passionately Hoche loved rock ‘n’ roll.
Nick Alexander, 36, of Colchester, England, who was working at the Bataclan selling merchandise for the performing band, Eagles of Death Metal.
Guillame Decherf, 43, a writer who covered rock music for the French culture magazine Les Inrocks. He had two daughters.
8.07 am: A member of the French Parliament identified one of the attackers in a Facebook post. Jean-Pierre Gorges wrote: “I’m learning to the moment that a terrorist suicide bomber lived in chartres.
His name was mostefai Ismael Omar. He lived in chartres, at least until 2012. Yesterday, he was part of the terrorists-Suicide Bombers of Paris…”
8.00 am:
7.45 am: During the debate between Democrat candidates running for US president, Hillary Clinton said, “We need to have a resolve that will bring the world together to root out the kind of radical jihadist ideology that motivates organisations like Isis.”
7.11 am: Greek police has said at least one man with a possible connection to the Paris attacks had registered as a refugee with Greek authorities earlier this year.
7.00 am: In coordination with the Federal Bureau of Investigation and other agencies, U.S. Justice Department attorneys are working with French authorities to obtain further information that may be relevant to the Paris attacks, a Justice Department official said on Saturday.
6.50 am: Here is a story map of Black Friday that played out at four locations in Paris
(Loading…)

05:00 am: Police has taken the father and brother of a French gunman into custody linked to a string of deadly Paris attacks and were searching their homes, a source close to the probe said.
03:32 am: Outside the gate to the French Embassy in Washington, people left dozens of bouquets, signs of support and even a few bottles of wine.
“We love France,” read one sign on Saturday. “Pray for France,” read another. Two Secret Service vehicles were parked outside as people came by to drop off more flowers and wine at the makeshift memorial.

03:30 am: French Prime Minister Manuel Valls is vowing to “destroy” those behind the rampage across Paris that killed at least 129 people and wounded hundreds of others.
Speaking late Saturday on French television TF1, Valls declared “We are at war, and because we are at war we are taking exceptional measures.”
03:00 am: Second suspected Paris attacker very likely to have passed through Greece: Greek govt sources.
02:00 am: A minute of silence for the victims of the Paris attacks was held ahead of the European Championship qualifier between Sweden and Denmark.
Both teams stood with their heads bowed Saturday as 50,000 fans inside Friends Arena in Solna, Sweden, turned silent. The walls of the stadium were lit up in the colors of the French flag: blue, white and red.
12:20 am: The European Union called for a minute’s silence to be held on Monday for the victims of a series of attacks in Paris in which at least 128 people were killed.
“All Europeans are invited to join in one minute of silence in memory of the victims at noon on Monday, November 16th,” the statement continued, referring to noon in Brussels, or 1100 GMT.
12:00 am: Paris prosecutor said French authorities had a security file on one of the concert hall attackers and that there were three teams of attackers. He added that the person who hired a car used in the attacks was stopped near Belgian border.
Updates from November 14:
11:25 am: Barack Obama will still travel to Paris at end of month for international climate talks as planned, says Senior US administration official.
11:00 am: Turkish President Tayyip Erdogan urged world leaders on Saturday to prioritise the fight against terrorism as they gathered for a summit in southwestern Turkey, saying the Paris attacks claimed by Islamic State showed the time for words was now over.
The worst bloodshed in France since the end of World War Two cast a pall over preparations for the two-day summit of the Group of 20 major economies that begins on Sunday and is due to be attended by heads of state including U.S. President Barack Obama and Russian President Vladimir Putin.
French President Francois Hollande has pulled out of the meetings but told Erdogan by phone that his foreign and finance ministers would attend, Turkish presidential sources said.
9:56 pm: “In light of this senseless violence, the closing of borders, and international mourning, we can’t continue right now. There is no other way to say it,” the statement read. “This is crazy and it sucks. Our thoughts and prayers are with everyone who was hurt or who lost a loved one.”
9:56 pm: Foo Fighters, led by Dave Grohl, were to play at the Accor Hotels Arena in Paris on Monday and in Casalecchio Di Reno, Italy, on Friday; other canceled shows include stops in Turin, Italy; Lyon, France; and Barcelona, Spain.
9:45 pm: The band said in a statement Saturday that “it is with profound sadness and heartfelt concern for everyone in Paris that we have been forced to announce the cancellation of the rest of our tour.”
9:30 pm: The Foo Fighters are canceling the rest of their European tour following the deadly attacks in Paris.
9:25 pm: Sydney, New York and Rio de Janeiro have also illuminated buildings in the red, white and blue of the Tricolor.
9:25 pm: Flags at several prominent structures in London, including the Prime Minister’s Office at 10 Downing Street, flew flags at half-staff. Flowers and candles were also placed at the French Embassy.
9:20 pm: A fireworks display set for Saturday night was also cancelled as a mark of respect for the French. The City of London Corporation, which is organizing the display, says it is “time for a show of solidarity with the victims of an atrocious terrorist attack and not a time for celebrations.”
9:00 pm: London’s Tower Bridge will be illuminated in the colors of France’s flag as the city joins other capitals in lighting landmarks to show solidarity with the 127 victims of the terror attacks in Paris.
8:58 pm:
8:54 pm: Don’t link Paris attacks to migrant crisis: German interior minister.
8:42 pm: UN climate conference to go ahead near Paris despite attacks: France.
8:41 pm: France-bound plane evacuated at Schiphol airport after ‘threats’: police.
8:35 pm: Paris attacks link not yet established for suspect held in Germany: minister
8:32 pm: The department’s deputy spokesman, Mark Toner, says Saturday that “the U.S. Embassy in Paris is working around the clock to assist American citizens affected by this tragedy.” He would not comment if any were killed.
8:31 pm: A State Department spokesman confirms that Americans are among the injured in the Paris terror attacks.
8:25 pm: Police say one bomber in Paris attacks was young Frenchman flagged for links with Islamic extremism.
8:12 pm: On Saturday, Pope Francis told the Italian Bishops Conference TV2000 that the attacks in Paris were “part” of that, adding “there are no justifications for these things.”
8:11 pm: Pope Francis has often framed the upsurge in violence around the globe in terms of a “third World War” being waged piecemeal through crimes, massacres, religious persecution and the destruction of cultural sites.
8:08 pm: Assad says his country warned three years ago what would happen in Europe if the West continued to support “terrorists” in his country.
8:06 pm: Assad also criticized Hollande for ignoring that some of his allies support “terrorists” in Syria — a phrase he uses for all armed factions in Syria.
8:06 pm: Assad urged French President Francois Hollande to change his policies and “work for the interest of the French people.”
8:05 pm: Syrian President Bashar Assad says the policies of some Western countries — including France — in the Middle East are partly responsible for the expansion of terrorism.
7:55 pm:
7:15 pm: Eiffel Tower closed indefinitely following Paris attacks: AFP
6.30 pm: Syrian passport found on the body of one of the suicide bombers
6.15 pm: Romania’s foreign ministry says two of its citizens died and a third was injured in the attacks in Paris.
5.43 pm: Saudi Council of Senior Scholars condemns Paris attacks, says terrorist acts not sanctioned by Islam and contrary to its value
5.22 pm: Gatwick Airport terminal evacuated amid attack fears
5.22 pm: France in no way considering cancelling or postponing Paris climate change Summit, says senior diplomatic source
5.20 pm: Syria talks begin in Vienna under pall of Paris attacks
5.00 pm: All Indians safe in Paris after terror attacks: Sushma Swaraj
4.57 pm: Pope condemns Paris killings as unjustifiable, inhuman acts
4:55 pm: Islamic State claims responsibility for Paris attacks, says attacks were revenge for French policies.
3:30 pm: BREAKING – French President Francois Hollande blames Islamic State group for Paris attacks.
He says the attacks were planned, organised from abroad with help from inside France.
Hollande announces 3 days of national mourning.
3:14 pm: Islamic State releases undated video in which militant says France will not live in peace as long as bombing continues.
2:45 pm: Death toll has risen to 127, AFP reports quoting police sources. Another 180 people injured, 80 of whom are seriously injured.
1:50 pm: PTI is reporting that cities across Maharashtra including Mumbai have been placed on high alert following the attacks in Paris.
1:00 pm: German Chancellor Angela Merkel says she is “deeply shaken by the news and pictures that are reaching us from Paris.”
The German leader issued a statement saying her thoughts were with the victims “of the apparent terrorist attack.”
12:50 pm: Statement from the United Nations:
U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon is condemning “the despicable terrorist attacks” in Paris.
U.N. spokesman Stephane Dujarric says Ban “trusts that the French authorities will do all in their power to bring the perpetrators to justice quickly.”
The U.N. Security Council also condemned “the barbaric and cowardly terrorist attacks,” and underlined the need to bring the perpetrators of “these terrorist acts to justice.”
12:45 pm: Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu says in a statement “Israel stands shoulder to shoulder with French President Francois Hollande and with the people of France in our common battle against terrorism.”
11:00 am: No Indian casualties yet in the Paris attacks, Manish Prabhat, Deputy Chief of Mission in France tells news agency ANI.
10:45 am: Across the Persian Gulf, countries are condemning the mass terror attack in Paris that killed at least 120 people.
In the United Arab Emirates, the state-run WAM news agency said Saturday that Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan sent a telegram to French President Francois Hollande offering his condolences and pledging support for France. WAM said Al Nahyan also supported doing “what it takes to face terrorism and eliminate it.”
In tiny Kuwait, emir Sheikh Sabah Al Ahmad Al Sabah said in a statement that he offered his condolences, while stressing that “these criminal acts of terrorism … run counter to all teachings of holy faith and humanitarian values.”
In Saudi Arabia, the state-run Saudi Press Agency quoted a Foreign Ministry official denouncing Friday’s attack.
09:35 am: American Airlines has delayed its flights to Paris until more information on the attacks come. Read story here.
09:15 am: American Airlines Group , the world’s biggest carrier by passenger traffic, said on Friday it was delaying flights to Paris in response to the explosions and shooting attacks there, even though French airports remained open.
“Currently Charles de Gaulle International Airport is open, however, we are holding our remaining departures this evening to Paris until we have additional information,” American Airlines spokesman Joshua Freed said.
09:00 am: An investigation source told the AFP that eight militants have been killed.
08:45 am: Over 200 people injured in the attacks in Paris with at least 80 among them seriously injured: AFP
08:43 am: Here’s another video where an Associated Press photographer describes the scene inside a football stadium in Paris as loud bangs engulf in the background as the match progressed.


08:31 am: President Pranab Mukherjee condemns the attacks in Paris, says India stands firmly by France.
08:20 am: Checks are performed at road crossing-points, rail, sea and airports. Airports continue to operate. Air and rail links are ensured: French Ministry of Foreign Affairs
08:10 am: Head of police says all attackers are now believed to be dead.
08:00 am: Here are some of the contact numbers of embassies in Paris.
Indian embassy: +33 1 40 50 70 70
British embassy: +33 1 44 51 31 00
US embassy Phone: +33 1 43 12 22 22
Irish embassy Phone:+33 1 44 17 67 00
The Australian department for foreign affairs has set up a hotline for those who are concerned about Australians overseas on 1300 555 135. Those who are overseas can call +612 6261 3305.
07:54 am: There are reactions coming from all quarters.
07:27 am: New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo says the One World Trade Center spire will be lit blue, white and red in honor of dozens killed in the Paris attacks.
Cuomo says the 408-foot (125-meter)spire will be illuminated Friday night and in the days to come. The governor says the act shows New York will stand with the people of France.
New York City officers have been deployed to various parts of the city, including French government buildings. Heavily-armed officers stood outside of the French Consulate in Manhattan as passers-by brought flowers.
07:20 am: Eurostar says they plan to run trains on Saturday.
07:15 am: U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry is describing the attacks in Paris as “heinous, evil” and “vile,” calling them “an assault on our common humanity.” Kerry says the U.S. embassy in Paris is “making every effort to account for the welfare of American citizens in the city.”
The State Department says U.S. citizens can contact 1-888-407-4747 (from the U.S.) or 202-501-4444 (from other countries) for assistance.
Kerry says the U.S. stands ready “to provide whatever support the French government may require.”
06:47 am: “The terrorists who were not far from here were killed,” Hollande said on television after visiting a security command centre near the Bataclan concert hall where the gunmen held  people hostage before an assault by security forces.
06:40 am: The French president has formally declared the state of emergency on all mainland territory and Corsica during a Cabinet meeting urgently summoned at the Elysee palace on Friday night.
Under French law, the state of emergency can be decided in the event of “imminent danger following serious breaches of law and order.”
The state of emergency allows state authorities to forbid the movement of persons and vehicles at specific times and places. They can also define protected areas and safety areas where the movement of persons is controlled.
The state of emergency also allows police to perform house searches day and night, instead of performing them only at daylight.
06:30 am: Prime Minister Narendra Modi offers condolences to the deceased through his tweet. He said, “News from Paris is anguishing & dreadful. Prayers with families of the deceased. We are united with people of France in this tragic hour.”
06:20 am: Belgium imposes new checks on French frontier, rail and air arrivals after Paris attacks: Spokesman.
06:03 am: City hall official confirms about 100 people killed at Bataclan concert hall, 40 others dead in other locations in and around Paris.
05:49 am: Police official says at least 100 dead inside concert hall where attackers seized hostages.
05:42 am: France’s state of emergency goes into effect, President Hollande cancels trip to G-20 meeting in Turkey.
05:25 am: Police operation at Paris Bataclan Concert Hall over, two attackers killed: BFM TV
05:05 am: All schools and universities in Paris region to be closed today, say school authorities.
paris attacks, paris attacks live, paris, france attacks, paris bombing, paris shootout, paris terrrorist, paris bombing live, paris live updates, paris news, world newsPolice officers secure a street outside the Stade de France stadium. (Source: AP)
05:02 am: United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon condemned the ‘despicable terrorist attacks’ in Paris; demands immediate release of those held hostage.
05:01 am: Five explosions, automatic gunfire heard from outside Paris concert hall where attackers are holding 100 hostages, reveal reports.
04:44 am: Police sources reveal that there are at least 40 dead and 60 injured in the attacks.
04:32 am: French President Hollande says operations are under way, police forces carrying out assault in Paris.
04:25 am: French President Francois Hollande said that a ‘state of emergency’ will be declared and the French borders will be closed. “A state of emergency will be declared,” Hollande said. “The second measure will be the closure of national borders,” he added.  Hollande added ‘terrorists want us to be afraid’.

04:15 am: US President Barack Obama offers condolences to the families of the deceased and the wounded. Obama says the United States stand together with Paris and mentioned the values of liberty, equality and fraternity. He chose not to speculate about who may be responsible for the attacks.

04:00 am: British Prime Minister tweeted, ‘I am shocked by events in Paris tonight. Our thoughts and prayers are with the French people. We will do whatever we can to help.’ US President Barack Obama is also expected to make an official statement on the situation.
03:50 am: 
A Paris police official said there were at least 100 hostages in Bataclan concert hall following shooting and explosions at two locations in the city.
Multiple officials, including one medical official, put the number of dead at between 35 to 40 people.
All officials spoke on condition of anonymity because they were not authorized to be publicly named according to police policy.

03:40 am:
U.S. Homeland Security Department officials monitoring the attacks in Paris say there is no known, credible threat against the United States.
DHS officials are in contact with their foreign counterparts amid reports of multiple shootings and explosions in Paris.
Police officials in France say at least 26 people have been killed and a hostage-taking situation is underway at a theater.
paris attacks, paris attacks live, paris, france attacks, paris bombing, paris shootout, paris terrrorist, paris bombing live, paris live updates, paris news, world newsPolice officers secure the Stade de France stadium during the international friendly soccer France against Germany. (Source: AP)
03:15 am:
Two police officials say that at least 26 people have been killed in shootings and explosions around Paris, in the deadliest violence in France in decades.
One of the police officials said 11 people were killed in a Paris restaurant in the 10th arrondissement and about 15 killed in the Bataclan theater, where a hostage-taking is under way.
Both officials spoke on condition of anonymity because they were not authorized to be publicly named according to police policy.
paris attacks, paris attacks live, paris, france attacks, paris bombing, paris shootout, paris terrrorist, paris bombing live, paris live updates, paris news, world newsA victim is pictured on the pavement outside a Paris restaurant, Friday, Nov. 13, 2015. Two police officials say at least 11 people have been killed in shootouts and other violence around Paris. (Source: AP)
BFM television reports there were several dead in the restaurant shooting in the 10th arrondissement of the capital. Two police officials confirmed the shooting but had no information about casualties.
Also late Friday, two explosions were heard outside the Stade de France stadium north of Paris during a France-Germany friendly football match.
A police official confirmed one explosion in a bar near the stadium.
An Associated Press reporter in the stadium Friday night heard two explosions loud enough to penetrate the sounds of cheering fans. Sirens were immediately heard, and a helicopter was circling overhead.
The officials spoke on condition of anonymity because they were not authorized to be publicly named.
paris attacks, paris attacks live, paris, france attacks, paris bombing, paris shootout, paris terrrorist, paris bombing live, paris live updates, paris news, world newsRescue workers gather at victims in the 10th district of Paris. (Source: AP) The attack comes as France has heightened security measures ahead of a major global climate conference that starts in two weeks, out of fear of violent protests and potential terrorist attacks. Emilioi Macchio, from Ravenna, Italy, was at the Carillon bar near the restaurant that was targeted, having a beer on the sidewalk when the shooting started. He said he didn’t see any gunmen or victims, but hid behind a corner then ran away. “It sounded like fireworks,” he said. France has been on edge since deadly attacks by Islamic extremists in January on satirical newspaper Charlie Hebdo and a kosher grocery that left 20 dead, including the three attackers. The restaurant targeted Friday, Le Carillon, is in the same general neighborhood as the Charlie Hebdo offices. The country has seen several smaller-scale attacks or attempts since, including an incident on a high-speed train in August in which American travelers thwarted a heavily armed Islamic radical trying to attack passengers. (With AP, Reuters and AFP inputs) -http://indianexpress.com/article/world/europe/french-police-multiple-acts-of-violence-in-and-around-paris-several-dead/99/print/

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Arun Shourie: A devil-may-care attitude and passion for ‘facts’ -- Patrick French

November 15, 2015, 5:54 am
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Arun Shourie: A devil-may-care attitude and passion for ‘facts’

  • Patrick French
    •  |  
  • Updated: Nov 15, 2015 12:23 IST

Arun Shourie with his son Aditya at their residence. Aditya has been the centre of his universe for 40 years. “He knows he’s the king. His world is music, family, family parties,” says Shourie. (Gurinder Osan/HT Photo)

Dressed plainly, a pen and a pair of reading glasses in the breast pocket of his shortsleeved linen shirt, Arun Shourie looks nothing if not alert. He has something of the eagle about him — a strong nose, wings of grey hair, watchful eyes shaded by stern eyebrows, a readiness to pounce. His alertness is intellectual but also practical: his wife Anita, who has Parkinson’s disease, and his son Aditya, who has cerebral palsy, are both upstairs, and they may need his help at any time. We are in his office in Delhi, which is decorated with original cartoons, including one of Indira Gandhi riding a tiger while reading a paper saying ‘Emergency Powers’; in the second frame, the tiger looks fatter and the prime minister has disappeared.
While we are talking, Aditya Shourie appears in his wheelchair. He is wearing a hat and mittens, ready to be taken out for a walk. In his father’s words in his book Does He Know a Mother’s Heart?, on religion and suffering, “He cannot walk or stand. He can see only from the left side of his eyes. He cannot use his right arm or hand. He speaks syllable by syllable. Yet he laughs — you can hear his laughter three houses away.” Aditya looks at me and raises his left arm. “He wants to shake your hand.” The father strokes the son’s face, helping him to move his head.
The next day, Shourie tells me that Aditya has been the centre of his universe for 40 years. “He knows he’s the king. His world is music, family, family parties. We were in Washington when he was born and had never been through this experience of having a child. He was lying in an incubator, with syringes in his head. We didn’t know what to do. It was a terrible month. Every day I was carrying Anita’s milk to him in a test tube.”
Shourie had studied in India before going abroad in the early 1960s. “I don’t feel I’m a very deep person,” he says in his soft voice, “but I don’t shrink from where the facts lead.” His PhD was on the allocation of foreign exchange between ministries, and was a damning condemnation of the Indian system. “I realised that some decisions on technology and products were being made by government officers who had never been to a factory.” In 1973, by now a rising star at the World Bank, Shourie again stepped out of line in an essay for ‘Foreign Affairs’, arguing that India needed a market economy.
“Growth is a besieged deity,” was the opening sentence. “The number of people living in abject poverty has not been diminished in spite of 25 years of development effort … the controls and programs which were instituted to channel benefits to the poor have in fact ensured them for the rich and the powerful.”
Shourie enjoys pursuing ‘the facts’ wherever they may lead him, even when his logic causes outrage. His views on Islamic law saw him attacked by a crowd in Hyderabad, and his book on BR Ambedkar, Worshipping False Gods, provoked some Dalit activists in Pune in the 1990s to pour coal tar over his head. Before the Bihar elections, he described the NDA government as “Congress plus a cow”, and said that Prime Minister Modi was keeping silent on incidents like the Dadri killing while his colleagues stirred up trouble. Shourie was the first of the old guard to rebel and break ranks, and he was followed after the BJP’s defeat in Bihar by the likes of LK Advani and Yashwant Sinha.
Critics of Shourie who view him as a hypocrite, a betrayer, a sour man angry not to have been given a job in government, may underestimate his obstinacy. In the 1970s, he threw up a good position at the World Bank to return to India at a time when his more ambitious contemporaries were leaving. “I had lost intellectual interest. We had a very happy time in America, but my thoughts were elsewhere.”

As a consultant to the Planning Commission, he again blotted his copybook by pointing out that figures in the Third Five-year Plan had been falsified. During the Emergency he wrote statements for Jayaprakash Narayan, and in 1977 found his vocation as an investigative journalist and editor, only to divert to supporting the RSS and the Ram Janmabhoomi movement. Atal Behari Vajpayee, when he became prime minister in 1998, made Arun Shourie a Rajya Sabha MP and a minister, managing disinvestment and revolutionising India’s telecom industry. “I was surprised, because I wasn’t a party member. It was a great opportunity to implement the ideas I had written about in the 1960s. Atalji gave me absolute latitude.”
Until recently, Shourie appeared to be on an inside track. Before last year’s general election, he would prepare briefing papers for Narendra Modi and go to Ahmedabad to discuss them. “We had meetings from around 6-11 pm, and during that time he would show total focus. I was impressed. We talked about black money, national security, banking. I told Modi that a leader’s task is to pull the levers like a train controller in a signal box: it is not to check the train or tap its wheels. I said once you are in Delhi you must take everyone together. Modi said to me, ‘When the bride goes from the maternal home to her husband’s home, her gait, her speech, her clothes, her demeanour has to change.’ I thought he would do it.”

Arun Shourie at his residence in New Delhi. (Gurinder Osan/HT Photo)

Does the Prime Minister share his economic views? Shourie looks at the ceiling. “He doesn’t believe in disinvestment. This government has shown an almost criminal neglect in improving tax administration. His idea of development is to have a few large projects like the Sardar Patel statue, which turns out to be made in China, or a bullet train from Ahmedabad to Mumbai, rather than spend that money to improve the speed of all trains in India by 15 mph. He’s increasing the role of the state in everything. ‘Minimum government, maximum governance’ is just a slogan.”
Is Shourie being disingenuous when he criticizes the provocative statements and silences of BJP leaders in the run-up to the Bihar elections? “I’m absolutely astonished the Prime Minister would go so far just for one state election. Modi has the power of Jesus – he raises the dead: the Congress Party, the leftist intellectuals.”
Shourie’s devil-may-care attitude towards the conventions of public life may be conditioned by his personal circumstances. From the start, he and Anita incorporated Aditya and the consequences of his disability into their lives, supported by their families. When he was a minister, Shourie would take his son to the cafeteria for lunch. He is often told that he has set an example to others. “A woman came up to me at an airport and I thought she was going to talk the usual things about government. She said: ‘I am the mother of a spastic child, and you have written on my behalf.”’
Politics comes second. When I ask him if differences of opinion are ever an issue with his brother-in-law Suman Dubey, a friend and advisor to first Rajiv and then Sonia Gandhi, he answers: “They’re absolutely irrelevant. Suman Uncle is one of Adit’s favourites. Suman usually does things very quickly, his photography or whatever, and if Adit wants something done immediately, he will do like this — .” Shourie scrapes a long index finger along his jawline. “It means that he wants it to be done fast, like the one who has a beard, Suman!”
Does Arun Shourie mind being thought of as a maverick? “Why should I mind? I’m not looking for a job, a new wife, or a daughter-in-law.”
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Let’s talk about exiting the perpetual poll cycle -- Chanakya. And restitution of kaalaadhan -- Kalyan

November 15, 2015, 6:34 am
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Experts may correct me if I get my facts wrong. There was a time when both Lok Sabha and State Assembly polls were held together so that the electorate had to go to the polling booths and line up only once every 5 years (apart from other linings up for local body etc. elections).


The goof up for breaking-up this 5-year election cycle should go to the Congress Party regimes for the last 68 years (barring a short interrugnum of post-Emergency non-Congress-party regimes), who dismissed State Governments and ordered President's Rule.

What is the problem of declaring that the next election will be held only in 2019 for both Lok Sabha and ALL State assemblies and elections to Union Territory legislatures? I am sure constitutional pundits will argue this out and find some solution and spare the citizens of the nation from perpetual politicking.

Maybe, NaMo should give serious thought to really creating a Congress-mukt Bharat first by creating a perennial election-mukt Bharat. Of course, there is the promist of restitution of kaalaadhan to fulfil.

S. Kalyanaraman

Let’s talk about exiting the perpetual poll cycle

  • Chanakya, Hindustan Times
    •  |  
  • Updated: Nov 15, 2015 02:04 IST


Prime Minister Narendra Modi with Union telecom minister Ravi Shankar Prasad and Union agriculture minister Radha Mohan Singh during an election rally in Darbhanga. (PTI Photo)

It was a head-spinning few months as the Bihar election campaign got underway. I can still hear the slightly scary sound of helicopter blades whirring carting leaders from Delhi to Bihar and back. The roar of the crowds at rallies as leader after leader addressed them is still reverberating in my ears. And now that the whole shebang is done and dusted, we can look forward to the next, and the next and the next.
The BJP appears to be most earnest about elections, in fact its performance in both the Delhi elections and now in Bihar was based on a do-or-die strategy. It didn’t work but that is another matter. What matters is that high-profile ministers, party chieftains, and the prime minister himself put their boots on the ground in order to corner if not wipe out the opposition. In fact, when I think of the Modi-Amit Shah duo, I can only think of election campaigns. So you would not be wrong to ask, is any governance actually happening in the country?
On the face of it, people would be forgiven for thinking that all the top leaders are engaged in strategising and fighting elections. And indeed, they are caught in a cleft stick as elections are upon the country thick and fast. So, leaders from all parties are lurching from one campaign to the other, barely pausing for breath. Physical presence, you might argue, is not required for executing the daily tasks of governance for a minister. And you may be right. But a minister in government is expected to do much more — meeting people from all walks of life is one thing. Captains of industry, civil society groups, people with grievances, the bureaucracy and, of course, foreign investors and dignitaries.
How can they do this if they are missing for large periods of time from the seat of governance? Let me take the Bihar election. Was it necessary to wheel out so many big guns for the campaign? After all, it was a state election and any national party should have a well-oiled party machine on the ground. The central leaders should be used judiciously and, if required, to give that final push. The impression that is being conveyed is that the government is in perpetual poll mode and is not focused on the task for which it was elected.
But then again, it can be argued that come elections parties have to pull out all the stops to win. This brings me to the point of having several state elections almost every year after the general elections. Leave alone foreign investors, the impression in the country among many sections is that the government is so busy fighting election after election that it has little time for the pressing things that need to be resolved. Now when things go wrong as they are wont to in the normal course of events, the government could be blamed for taking its eye off the ball so many times.
Now, to streamline state elections and bring them alongside general elections is far too much of a gargantuan task for which we are simply not equipped in terms of manpower, security and technology. But, the issue certainly warrants a debate. Is there some way in which state elections can be clubbed together in batches? This way, leaders would not have to be away from their offices for so long. It would lessen voter fatigue and very possibly reduce costs and wear and tear on the security forces.
In Bihar, senior ministers were camping there, attending to the minutest details of the campaign. This way, state elections get blown up way out of proportion and become such bitterly fought battles that people right from the prime minister downwards stake their personal reputations on this. This is not the case in other democracies like, say, Britain. I have never heard of Prime Minister David Cameron going hell for leather in a by-election or a borough poll. I am not comparing the magnitude of our state elections and their bearing on Parliament to a small election in the UK. But the principle is worth thinking about.
Since so much was invested in these elections, they have attracted huge attention in India and abroad. The outcome, which should of course be worrying to the government, has now assumed apocalyptic proportions. We really need to restore our equilibrium here. I suggest that constitutional experts, legal luminaries and politicians themselves sit together and try and work out a formula by which we don’t have to have elections at all times. There are no facts and figures to prove that governance has suffered in any substantive manner but given the hostilities in Parliament, the government could better utilise its time in political management.
At present, policy making and parliamentary work seem like an after-thought, something that has to be done before we are on to the next election. The reforms are something that India cannot afford to put off while it fights elections. When the NDA came to power, it was expected to hit the ground running on economic reform. The PM was spot on when he spoke about how he would attend to the little things that go into nation-building, Swachh Bharat was one of them. But a year and a half down the line, the government and opposition don’t seem to be applying themselves to their primary job — governance. And here the opposition has an equally important role to play in being constructive, which it has not been so far.
We have elections in West Bengal, Kerala, Assam and Tamil Nadu next year. The national parties should work out a way to leave things largely to their cadre and only send in the big guns towards the end. But that is not likely to happen. So, it is really time to begin a national debate both in political circles and maybe in the media on the need to explore other ways of conducting elections without so much disruption and so much loss of confidence on the part of investors.
If such a debate is initiated, the public is bound to react and I am sure suggestions will pour in thick and fast. It would be well worth the while for the future of India and much more productive than the silly debates we see today on issues like returning awards and dietary habits. Nothing may come of it, but let us not forget that even the Constitution is not cast in stone. If we have an idea whose time has come, I am sure there are ways to work around the labyrinthine rules and regulations which govern governance. I for one am terminally tired of the carpet bombing coverage of state elections. I am sure many others feel the same. Let’s give it a shot and set off a debate on this, what have we got to lose?
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Expose: The Hindu paper editors funded AAP -- NaMo Patrika. NaMo, restitute kaalaadhan.

November 15, 2015, 7:01 am
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=30SW_0KBHz8&feature=YouTube

#TheHinduExposed The Hindu Media House exposed Published on May 30, 2015
Utterly shameful act by The Hindu: The Hindu Group Chief, N Ram is funding political parties and conspiring against Shri Narendra Modi. The Hindu stands exposed in this video; they have got nothing to do with honest journalism; instead they are just a mouthpiece of a political party.
 Jun 1
Watch+Share) kanhakris16: look how The Hindu paper editors funded AAP rs 40 lakh thru secret accts

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Indus Script cipher and colours of Ancient Bhāratam Janam compared with colors of Ancient Mesopotamia

November 15, 2015, 5:29 pm
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Mirror: http://tinyurl.com/qcgtrlm

Colours in Ancient India will also be a subject for further researches based on the following:

1. Colours used in the Bhasmarati of Mahakala in Ujjain as the ekamukha linga is decorated adored and venerated 
2. Three distinct colours used in the terracotta toys of two married women found at Nausharo, ca. 2500 BCE: sindhur (red vermilion) on the maang is painted saffron or red; hair is painted black and the jewelry are painted golden. These are exemplars of the continuing tradition in Hindu civilization of wearing sindhur on the maang after marriage and also wearing s'ankha bangles, a tradition which dates back to ca. 6500 BCE evidenced by a burial of a woman with wide bangle in Nausharo. See also turbinella pyrum seashells, s'ankha with red painted lines.
3. Lead weight with leopard and antelope from Shahi-Tump with colors

Item 1:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JuIQ57qswb0 (1:26:53)

Bhasma Aarti Full Shri Mahakal Jyotirling Temple Ujjain with Shringar, Poojan, & Aarti Use of colour is demonstrated in the Bhang Shringar segment as the mukha (rebus: muh 'ingot') on Sivalinga is created by the Potr, the purifier priest.

Item 2:

Nausharo: female figurines. Wearing sindhur at the parting of the hair. Hair painted black, ornaments golden and sindhur red. Period 1B, 2800 – 2600 BCE. 11.6 x 30.9 cm.[After Fig. 2.19, Kenoyer, 1998].
Turbinella pyrum, s'ankha are also embellished with red paint. "Libation vessels made of the conch shell (marine shell) Turbinella pyrum. One of these is decorated with vermilion filled incised lines. A single spiraling design is carved around the apex and a double incised line frames the edge of the orifice. This type of vessel was used in later times for ritual libations and for administering sacred water or medicine to patients. " http://notapennyformythoughts.blogspot.in/2013_08_01_archive.html

Item 3:



Ornamental ball (lead weight) discovered from Shahi Tump, Makran. It is 15 cm high and 15 kg in weight made by pure lead and wrapped in copper using cire perdue technique ca. 2500 BCE. With deciphered Indus Script hieroglyphs signifying hard alloys: karaDa 'leopard' Rebus: karaDa 'hard alloy' mlekh 'goat'' rebus: milakkhu 'copper'; mleccha 'copper'. Meluhha!!

Kalyanaraman

From Alexander Nagel [mailto:NagelA@si.edu]:
=======================================

Expert is in: *Colors in Ancient Mesopotamia*

Meet Professor Astrid Nunn from the University of Wurzburg in Germany who works on ancient Mesopotamian wall paintings, pigments and color.

Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History 
10th and Constitution Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20560
November 17, 2015, 2pm

Meet Professor Astrid Nunn from the University of Wurzburg in Germany who works on ancient Mesopotamian wall paintings, pigments and color.

Weblink: https://qrius.si.edu/visit/event/expert-colors-ancient-mesopotamia#.VkifKXarTIV

When
Tuesday, November 17, 2015 - 2:00pm

Venue
Natural History Museum


Event 
Location
Ground Floor, Q?rius





Cost
Free


Description
Meet Astrid Nunn, a scientist from the University of Wurzburg in Germany who works on ancient Mesopotamian wall paintings, pigments and color.

S. Kalyanaraman
Sarasvati Research Center

Nov. 16, 2015
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France Strikes ISIS Targets in Syria in Retaliation for Attacks -- NYT

November 15, 2015, 6:13 pm
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France Strikes ISIS Targets in Syria in Retaliation for Attacks

By  and 
PARIS — France bombed the Syrian city of Raqqa on Sunday night, its most aggressive strike against the Islamic State group it blames for killing 129 people in a string of terrorist attacks across Paris only two days before.
President François Hollande, who vowed to be “unforgiving with the barbarians” of the Islamic State after the carnage in Paris, decided on the airstrikes in a meeting with his national security team on Saturday, officials said.
While France has been conducting scores of airstrikes against the Islamic State in Iraq, it had been bombing inside Syria only sparingly, wary of inadvertently strengthening the hand of President Bashar al-Assad by killing his enemies.
But after militants with AK-47s and suicide vests shattered the peaceful revelry of Paris on Friday night, killing dozens of civilians in restaurants and at a concert hall, France seemed intent on sending a clear message of its determination to curb the Islamic State and its ability to launch attacks outside the territory it controls.


The French Defense Ministry said in a statement that the raid, coordinated with American forces, was led by 12 French aircraft, including 10 fighter jets, and had destroyed two Islamic State targets in Raqqa, the radical group’s self-proclaimed capital.
The United States provided French officials with information to help them strike Islamic State targets in Syria, known as “strike packages,” American officials said.
Initial reports from activists on the ground in Raqqa, which could not be verified independently, said that hospitals were not reporting any civilian casualties. Yet they also said the targeted sites included clinics, a museum and other buildings in an urban area, leaving the full extent of the damage unknown.

GRAPHIC

Paris Bloodshed May Be the Latest of Many ISIS Attacks Around the World

At least a dozen countries have had attacks since the Islamic State, or ISIS, began to pursue a global strategy in the summer of 2014.

The French military response capped another tense day in the wake of the attacks across Paris on Friday night. The authorities hunted for an eighth suspect in the attacks who was still on the loose, while seeking to piece together how the assailants got the training, weapons and explosives they used.
President Obama and other world leaders, including President Vladimir V. Putin of Russia, gathered at a summit meeting in Turkey, grappling with how to respond to the Islamic State, the civil war in Syria and the mass emigration from the region toward Europe.

Attacks in Paris

Complete coverage of the shootings across Paris, Europe’s worst terrorist attack in 11 years.

Inquiry Finds Mounting Proof of Syria Link to Paris Attacks

Belgium Connections in Recent Terrorism Cases

Parisians Are Shaken but Defiant in 11th Arrondissement

French Warplanes Strike Islamic State Militants in Syria

Beirut, Also the Site of Deadly Attacks, Feels Forgotten

The revelations that at least four French citizens were involved in the attacks — three brothers and a man who lived around Chartres, about 60 miles southwest of Paris — seemed destined to exacerbate longstanding fears in France about the place of Muslim immigrants and converts in French society. Even before the latest attacks, the nation was still reeling from a smaller set of deadly attacks on the satirical newspaper Charlie Hebdo, on a kosher grocery and against a police officer only 10 months earlier.
The French airstrikes on Raqqa began at 7:50 pm Paris time, first taking aim at an Islamic State “command post, jihadist recruitment center and weapons and ammunition depot,” the Defense Ministry said. The second target, it said, was a “terrorist training camp.”
Warplanes continued to hover over the city close to midnight, according to residents and activist groups. Residents have seen the city bombed by Syrian, American and Russian warplanes. They have been terrorized by public executions by the Islamic State. Now they are wary of yet another power arriving to pummel the city.
Khaled al-Homsi, an antigovernment activist from Palmyra, who uses a nom de guerre for his safety and is the nephew of an archeologist who was beheaded by Islamic State fighters, issued a plea on Twitter to France, saying not all of the city’s residents were Islamic State members and urging caution for the safety of civilians.
“To the people & government in #France, #Raqqa City residents are not all #ISIS,” he tweeted. “Please do not targets at random.”
Reports on the strikes began flowing from the Raqqa area around 9:30 pm local time, with activists on the ground counting six at first, the numbers mounting minute by minute. It was a heavier barrage than has typically hit the city and its environs, and it knocked out electricity and water service, spreading more fear than usual among civilians.

GRAPHIC

Three Hours of Terror in Paris, Moment by Moment

Many of the attacks were just minutes apart.
The reports were shared by several activist networks, including Raqqa is Being Slaughtered Silently, an organization of current and former Raqqa residents who report on events there.
The group was recently victimized by a provocative crime: the Islamic State, also known as ISIS or ISIL, claimed responsibility for beheading two members of the activist group inside Turkey, a move that was surprising in that it was carried out beyond the territory the Islamic State controls.
The Islamic State also claimed responsibility for the downing of a Russian passenger jetliner, killing all 224 people on board, intensifying concerns that the group’s reach and ambitions for sowing terror are expanding.rance has been among the most outspoken opponents of Mr. Assad. In 2013, it was prepared to join the United States in assaulting his government after proof emerged that he was using chemical weapons against his own people. When President Obama decided against attacking Mr. Assad, France suspended its plans.Mr. Hollande’s government began bombing Islamic State-held territory in Iraq in September 2014, and it has carried out about 280 airstrikes since then.
But it has only begun to strike targets inside Syria in the last seven weeks, and had carried out fewer than a half- dozen bombings there before Sunday. France has struck training camps, and just last week it attacked an oil and gas depot, according to a statement by the French Defense Ministry.

What We Know About the Paris Attackers

Seven of the attackers died, and authorities were looking for an eighth suspect Sunday.
Jean Yves le Drian, the French defense minister, in an interview in the Journal du Dimanche, said the oil and gas target was chosen because the Islamic State uses the black market sale of oil and gas as a way to finance its weapon acquisition.There is a growing focus on both reducing the Islamic State’s territory and its financing, said French government officials and experts.
“We need to push the organization away from its territories,” said Jean Charles Brisard, a terrorism expert, who worked in the French government and now is the chairman for the Center for the Analysis of Terrorism, a Paris-based research group.“Most of its resources are from the territory, so we have to push it away from its resources in Syria and Iraq and that means going in on the ground with a regional power,” he said.
The United States currently has soldiers on the ground in Iraq working with Syrian and Iraqi Kurds to dislodge the Islamic State. France has not yet said whether it will adopt a similar course.On Sunday, Mr. Hollande met his predecessor and rival,Nicolas Sarkozy, at the Élysée Palace. Afterward, Mr. Sarkozy urged decisive action against the Islamic State — a position Mr. Hollande has also taken.
“We need everybody in order to exterminate Daesh,” Mr. Sarkozy told reporters, using an Arabic acronym for the Islamic State.Mr. Sarkozy, who has been known to be tough on immigrants during his tenure as president, cautioned against linking the refugee crisis with the terrorist attacks, but added: “We need, together, to rein in the wave of migration ensuing from the Syrian situation.”
Correction: November 15, 2015 
An earlier version of this article included an incorrect death toll. It remains 129, not 132. (A statement from the Paris public hospital system on Sunday noted three additional deaths, but the deaths had already been included in a count provided Saturday evening by the city’s prosecutor.)
Alissa J. Rubin reported from Paris and Anne Barnard from Beirut. Aurelien Breeden contributed reporting from Paris, and Eric Schmitt contributed reporting from Washington.

http://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/16/world/europe/paris-terror-attack.html?action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=span-abc-region&region=span-abc-region&WT.nav=span-abc-region&_r=0.

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Cosmic Dancer, Indus Script Cipher, metal casting smithy traditions replicated in a temple

November 16, 2015, 6:00 am
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Mirror: http://tinyurl.com/qebvbsw

Bhāratam Janam, 'metalcaster folk' have made contributions to unique metal casting techniques.evidenced by archaeometallurgy and to the experimentation with alloying of different minerals to create new alloys such as pewter and bharata beyond bronze and brass to create a variety of metal implements. This archaeometallurgical excursus has been discussed at  http://bharatkalyan97.blogspot.in/2015/11/continuum-of-archaeo-metallurgical-and.html These contributions are also documented in writing in about 7000 inscriptions of Indus Script Corpora signified by hieroglyph-multiplexes as hypertexts in Meluhha (Mleccha), the parole of Indian sprachbund (language union) of 4th millennium BCE.

These contributions are celebrated traditionally in Hindu civilization, by the veneration of Is'vara as the Cosmic Dancer in Bhāratam There are also evidences of the influence of the archaeometallurgical contributions in an extensive civilizational contact area stretching from Hanoi (Dong Son Bronze drums) to Nahal Mishmar (Copper-arsenical alloy cire perdue artifacts of exquisite beauty).


One conclusion can be heralded or proclaimed like a sangara of many Indus Script inscriptions: the purport of Indus Script Corpora is to write-down, engrave information on such catalogues. Clearly, a writing system with representations in over 600 hieroglyphs was in place matching the advances in metallurgical repertoire of Meluhha artisans, who were referred by Visvamitra as Bhāratam Janam, 'metalcaster folk'. (RV 3.53.12) [भरत (p. 603) [ bharata ] n A factitious metal compounded of copper, pewter, tin &c.भरती (p. 603) [ bharatī ] a Composed of the metal भरत.भरताचें भांडें (p. 603) [ bharatācē mbhāṇḍēṃ ] n A vessel made of the metal भरत. 2 See भरिताचें भांडें. (Marathi)].

Cosmic dance of metal casting processes

Analogous to the hypertexts of Indus Script inscriptions which are signified by hieroglyph-multiplexes, the iconography of Siva as Cosmic Dancer, Nataraja, is an elaboration of the role performed by the Ekamukha Sivalinga adorning the smelter on Bhutesvar sculptural frieze; hieroglyph: mukha ‘face’ Rebus: muh ‘ingot’. Just as the Sivalinga exemplifies the creation of the ingot, the Cosmic Dancer is composed of hieroglyph components which explain the metal casting process. This hieroglyphic rebus-metonymy is explained by a Meluhha gloss: kole.l, a word in Kota language which means ‘smithy’. The same word also means ‘temple’. 

This rebus-metonymy Indus Script Cipher validates the conception of the the processes in a smithy replicated in a temple with garbha griha. This explains why utsava bera and other images in a Hindu temple have multiple arms carrying multiple hieroglyphs, weapons, implements.

The aureole of flames and the tongue of flame held in his left hand parallel the fire engulfing the dhatu, mineral ore elements in the smelter.
The cosmic rhythm signified by the damaru is the air blowing from the bellows delivering additional air to the fuel in the smelter or furnace or crucible, raising the rate of combustion of the metallic ores.

The circle of flames constituting an aureole of the Cosmic Dancer signifies the flames surrounding the iron more in the smelter or furnace.
The damaru held in the right hand of the Cosmic dancer signifies rebus डामर (p. 351) [ ḍāmara ] n ( H) Dammer, a resinous exudation from a tree of the Malabar coast. Used as tar or pitch. The ḍāmara resin is mixed with beeswax to form the replica of the the product of cast metal– as seen in the processes of making Aranmula kannadi (bronze mirror) or surface of Dong Son Bronze drums embedded with hieroglyphs such as kang ‘egret, heron’ Rebus: kang ‘brazier’.

The matted hairs signified by the hieroglyph of matted hair मेढा [ mēḍhā ] 'a curl or snarl; twist in thead' (Marathi) Rebus: mẽṛhẽt, meḍ‘iron’ (Mu.Ho.)

This replication of the act of creation in the smithy using a smelter or a furnace achieves the metal or metal alloy hard ingots out of mere earth and stones of minerals. This act of creation is also expanded to hold the waters from the heavens in the locks of hair of Kailasanatha who releases the Ganga by unfolding the matted hair, an extraordinary metaphor of another name for Siva, Gangadhara, the upholder of Ganga while in penance on the summit of Mt. Kailas in the Himalayas.

The Cosmic Dance of Nataraja in Chidambaram is in sacred space, the dhatugarbha (dagoba) or the kuThi 'smelter' tuned to the dance of Siva to achieve the transformation of dhatu into metal ingots and metal implements through cire perdue or other casting techniques.


The hieroglyphs of Indus Script Corpora include a dance-step as shown on the bronze dancing-girl statue of Mohenjo-daro. The hieroglyph of dance-step occurs on a potsherd. Maybe the pot was a storage jar which contained metal implements.

The hieroglyphs are related to semantics of metalwork making the Indus Script Corpora a veritable catalogus catalogorum of metalwork of the Bronze Age.
Mohenjo-daro. ca. 2500 BCE. Dancing girl statue in India Museum, Delhi.
She carries a lamp on her left hand.


Inline image 1Zoomed in on the object held on the left hand of 'dancing girl' in National Museum, New Delhi  http://www.nationalmuseumindia.gov.in/prodCollections.asp?pid=44&id=1&lk=dp1 
See: http://bharatkalyan97.blogspot.in/2015/09/indus-script-hieroglyph-multiplexes-of.html
Why is a 'dancing girl' glyph shown on a potsherd discovered at Bhirrana? Because, dance-step is a hieroglyph written as hypertext cipher: meḍ 'dance' (Remo); meṭṭu dance step (Telugu) Rebus: mẽṛhẽt, meḍ 'iron' (Mu.Ho.)

meD 'to dance' (F.)[reduplicated from me-]; me id. (M.) in Remo (Munda)(Source: D. Stampe's Munda etyma) meṭṭu to tread, trample, crush under foot, tread or place the foot upon (Te.); meṭṭu step (Ga.); mettunga steps (Ga.). maḍye to trample, tread (Malt.)(DEDR 5057) మెట్టు (p. 1027) [ meṭṭu ] meṭṭu. [Tel.] v. a. &n. To step, walk, tread. అడుగుపెట్టు, నడుచు, త్రొక్కు. "మెల్ల మెల్లన మెట్టుచుదొలగి అల్లనల్లనతలుపులండకు జేరి." BD iv. 1523. To tread on, to trample on. To kick, to thrust with the foot.మెట్టిక meṭṭika. n. A step , మెట్టు, సోపానము (Telugu)



Hieroglyph: karã̄ n. pl. ʻwristlets, bangles ʼ(Gujarati)(CDIAL 2779) Rebus:  khār खार् 'blacksmith' (Kashmiri) khāra-baṭi 'blacksmith furnace' (Kashmiri) lōha-kārakuḍu. n. A blacksmith. కరమలవాడు, కమ్మరి. 

Rebus: కరమల (p. 0250) [ karamala ] karamala. [Tel.] n. A blacksmith. కమ్మరి. కరకర (p. 0249) [ karakara ] kara-kara. [Tel.] n. Sharpness. ఒరయుట. తీక్ష్ణము
కరము (p. 0250) [ karamu ] karamu. [Skt.] n. The hand. చెయ్యి. A ray of light కిరణము. An elephant's trunk తొండము. 

Rebus: blacksmith: khār 1 खार् । लोहकारः m. (sg. abl. khāra 1 खार; the pl. dat. of this word is khāran 1 खारन्, which is to be distinguished from khāran 2, q.v., s.v.), a blacksmith, an iron worker (cf. bandūka-khār, p. 111b, l. 46; K.Pr. 46; H. xi, 17); a farrier (El.). This word is often a part of a name, and in such case comes at the end (W. 118) as in Wahab khār, Wahab the smith (H. ii, 12; vi, 17). khāra-bastakhāra-basta खार-बस््त । चर्मप्रसेविका f. the skin bellows of a blacksmith. -büṭhü -ब&above;ठू&below; । लोहकारभित्तिः f. the wall of a blacksmith's furnace or hearth. -bāy -बाय् । लोहकारपत्नी f. a blacksmith's wife (Gr.Gr. 34). -dŏkuru । लोहकारायोघनः m. a blacksmith's hammer, a sledge-hammer. -gȧji -ग&above;जि&below; or -güjü -। लोहकारचुल्लिः f. a blacksmith's furnace or hearth. -hāl -हाल् । लोहकारकन्दुः f. (sg. dat. -höjü -हा&above;जू&below;), a blacksmith's smelting furnace; cf. hāl 5. -kūrü -कूरू‍&below; । लोहकारकन्या f. a blacksmith's daughter. -koṭu । लोहकारपुत्रः m. the son of a blacksmith, esp. a skilful son, who can work at the same profession. -küṭü । लोहकारकन्या f. a blacksmith's daughter, esp. one who has the virtues and qualities properly belonging to her father's profession or caste. -më˘ʦü 1 । लोहकारमृत्तिका f. (for 2, see [khāra 3] ), 'blacksmith's earth,' i.e. iron-ore. -nĕcyuwu  । लोहकारात्मजः m. a blacksmith's son. -nay -नय् । लोहकारनालिका f. (for khāranay 2, see [khārun] ), the trough into which the blacksmith allows melted iron to flow after smelting. -ʦañĕ ञ । लोहकारशान्ताङ्गाराः f.pl. charcoal used by blacksmiths in their furnaces. -wān वान् ।लोहकारापणः m. a blacksmith's shop, a forge, smithy (K.Pr. 3). -waṭh -वठ् । आघाताधारशिला m. (sg. dat. -waṭas -वटि), the large stone used by a blacksmith as an anvil. (Kashmiri)
Hypertext: blacksmith working with solder, pewter, brass
Girdled nude hero attacking water buffalo; bull-man attacking  lion; inscription. Kafaje, Akkadian.c. 2300 BCE, Iraq Museum, Baghdad. From a cylinder seal, in wo narrative frames flanking a star metonymy (Afer Fig. 1d in http://www.destiner.com/destiner_titles_dark_sect01_me.html)

Six curls on hair: baTa 'six' Rebus: bhaTa 'furnace'

मेढ (p. 662) [ mēḍha ] The polar star मेढेमत (p. 665) [ mēḍhēmata ] n (मेढ Polar star, मत Dogma or sect.) A persuasion or an order or a set of tenets and notions amongst the Shúdra-people. Founded upon certain astrological calculations proceeding upon the North star. Hence मेढेजोशी or डौरीजोशी.(Marathi). Rebus: mẽṛhẽt, meḍ 'iron' (Mu.Ho.)

The narrative of metalwork is explained as metonymy. A horned person ligatured to the hindpart of a bull: ḍhaṅgaru, ḍhiṅgaru m. ʻlean emaciated beastʼ(Sindhi) Rebus: dhangar ‘blacksmith’ (Maithili) 

His life-activity is in wrestling with lion (hieroglyph): אַרְיֵה (aryeh) 'lion' (Hebrew)Rebus: āra, āramBrass (Tamil) आरः रम् [आ-ऋ-घञ्] 1 Brass; ताम्रारकोष्ठां परिखादुरा- सदाम् Bhāg.1.41.2. Oxide of iron.( The metonymy is thus a rebus rendering of alloy metal)(Samskritam).

Hieroglyph: rã̄go 'buffalo': raṅku m. ʻ a species of deer ʼ Vās., °uka -- m. Śrīkaṇṭh.Ku. N. rã̄go ʻ buffalo bull ʼ? (CDIAL 10559) Rebus:  rã̄gā m. ʻ pewter, tin ʼ (Punjabi)rāṅgā ʻ solder, spelter ʼ (Oriya)

See: http://bharatkalyan97.blogspot.in/2015/08/ancient-near-east-figurines-cylinder.html
Greystone statue of a male dancer, Harappa.Left: Dancing figure from Harappa c.2300-1750 BCE. Right: Male torso from Harappa Indus Valley, c.2300-1750 BCE

See: http://bharatkalyan97.blogspot.in/2015/11/dance-step-med-in-indus-script.html?view=magazine

There is a possibility that the karaṇa, (rebus karṇi 'supercargo') dance-step of Harappa limestone statue is a replication of the tāṇḍava nr̥tya of Nataraja śiva. It has been seen that śivalinga was worshipped by the people of Sarasvati-Sindhu 

This orthographic style of a dance-step of a male dancer evokes the later-day iconogrpahy of Siva Nataraja as the cosmic dancer.

An early sculpture in stone of Siyamangalam, dated to c. 7th century shows this cosmic dancer.
Plate 1 Early Pallava stone sculpture of Nataraja, c, seventh century, Siyamangalam (photograph credits: French Institute of Pondicherry and Ecole Franc¸aise d’Extreˆme Orient, Pondicherry).

It is possible that there were earlier versions of this iconography on utsava bera in bronze or other copper alloys in the Sarasvati-Sindhu civilization tradition of making cire perdue sculptures and taking them on processions.

Siva as Nataraja is associated with two characteristic orthographic components: flowing expanding jaTa (hair-locks) and flames emanating from Sivalinga.

Stone statue of Siva as Lingodbhava

Airavatisvara Mahadeva temple. Darasuram. A Vimana panel said to represent Periya Puranam of Sekkizhar. Siva as pillar of fire, flames.

Dancers are depicted as hieroglyphs on a tablet m0493 as shown below.

m0493Bt Pict-93: Three dancing figures in a row.Text 2843 

Glyph: Three dancers. Kolmo ‘three’; meD ‘to dance’ meD 'body' Rebus: kolimi 'smithy, forge' meD ‘iron’.
Sign 44 (this glyph could be compared with the orthography of three dancers in a row; the glyph is a ligature showing a 'dance step' and a rimless pot). Glyphs: meD 'dance' (Remo); rebus: meD 'iron'; bat.a 'pot'; bat.hi 'furnace'.
Rebus: mẽṛhẽt, meḍ 'iron' (Mu.Ho.) 
Santali glosses.

Origin of the gloss med 'copper' in Uralic languages may be explained by the word meD (Ho.) of Munda family of Meluhha language stream:
Sa. <i>mE~R~hE~'d</i> `iron'.  ! <i>mE~RhE~d</i>(M).
Ma. <i>mErhE'd</i> `iron'.
Mu. <i>mERE'd</i> `iron'.
  ~ <i>mE~R~E~'d</i> `iron'.  ! <i>mENhEd</i>(M).
Ho <i>meD</i> `iron'.
Bj. <i>merhd</i>(Hunter) `iron'.
KW <i>mENhEd</i>
@(V168,M080)
— Slavic glosses for 'copper'
Мед [Med]Bulgarian
Bakar Bosnian
Медзь [medz']Belarusian
Měď Czech
Bakar Croatian
KòperKashubian
Бакар [Bakar]Macedonian
Miedź Polish
Медь [Med']Russian
Meď Slovak
BakerSlovenian
Бакар [Bakar]Serbian
Мідь [mid'] Ukrainian[unquote]
Miedź, med' (Northern Slavic, Altaic) 'copper'.  
One suggestion is that corruptions from the German "Schmied", "Geschmeide" = jewelry. Schmied, a smith (of tin, gold, silver, or other metal)(German) result in med ‘copper’.
Hieroglyph of a worshipper kneeling: Konḍa (BB) meḍa, meṇḍa id. Pe. menḍa 
id. Manḍ. menḍe id. Kui menḍa id. Kuwi (F.) menda, (S. Su. P.) menḍa, (Isr.) meṇḍa id.Ta. maṇṭi kneeling, kneeling on one knee as an archer. Ma.maṇṭuka to be seated on the heels. Ka. maṇḍi what is bent, the knee. Tu. maṇḍi knee. Te. maṇḍĭ̄ kneeling on one knee. Pa.maḍtel knee; maḍi kuḍtel kneeling position. Go. (L.) meṇḍā, (G. Mu. Ma.)  Cf. 4645 Ta.maṭaṅku (maṇi-forms). / ? Cf. Skt. maṇḍūkī- (DEDR 4677)

So, why a dancing girl? Because, depiction of a dance pose is a hieroglyph to represent what was contained in the pot. The glyph encodes the mleccha word for 'iron': med.

Glyph: meD 'to dance' (F.)[reduplicated from me-]; me id. (M.) in Remo (Munda)(Source: D. Stampe's Munda etyma) meṭṭu to tread, trample, crush under foot, tread or place the foot upon (Te.); meṭṭu step (Ga.); mettunga steps (Ga.). maḍye to trample, tread (Malt.)(DEDR 5057) మెట్టు (p. 1027) [ meṭṭu ] meṭṭu. [Tel.] v. a. &n. To step, walk, tread. అడుగుపెట్టు, నడుచు, త్రొక్కు. "మెల్ల మెల్లన మెట్టుచుదొలగి అల్లనల్లనతలుపులండకు జేరి." BD iv. 1523. To tread on, to trample on. To kick, to thrust with the foot.మెట్టిక meṭṭika. n. A step , మెట్టు, సోపానము (Telugu)
Rebus: meD 'iron' (Mundari. Remo)..

http://bharatkalyan97.blogspot.in/2015/11/dance-step-med-in-indus-script.html?view=mosaic






Step 1. It is possible that worship of aniconic linga started ca. 2500 BCE. Divinity was visualised in the aniconic pillar of fire in the days of Sarasvati-Sindhu Civilization (ca. 2500 BCE), evidenced by the unique decorative features of stone sculptures of a linga and base and replication of some features such as trefoils on the shawl of a 'priest' statue, indicating reverence. 

Plate 1 Early Pallava stone sculpture of Nataraja, c, seventh century, Siyamangalam (photograph credits: French Institute of Pondicherry and Ecole Franc¸aise d’Extreˆme Orient, Pondicherry).
Plate 2 Natesa (acc. no. 53/38), Kuram, attributed to c. AD 650 by the author, Government Museum, Chennai (photograph credit: Government Museum, Chennai).
Plate 3 Nataraja (in stone), Kunniyur, Tanjavur district (acc. no. 752/75), attributed to Pallava period, c. AD 850 by author, Government Museum, Chennai (photograph credit: Government Museum, Chennai).
Plate 4 Nataraja, attributed to Pallava period, c. AD 800 by author, British Museum (acc. no. OA – 1969 – 12 – 16 – 1) (photograph credit: Trustees of the British Museum).
Plate 5 Nataraja (acc. no. 238), Kankoduvanithavam, c. AD 1040, Government Museum, Chennai (photograph credit: Sharada Srinivasan). Cosmic dancer symbolising cycles of creation and destruction.
Plate 6 Nataraja, Manavaleshvarar temple, Tiruvelvikudi, c. AD 949 – 57, in style of Chola queen Sembiyan Mahadevi (photograph credits: French Institute of Pondicherry and Ecole Franc¸aise d’Extreˆme Orient, Pondicherry).

"The following hymn of Manikkavachakar testifies that the Chidambaram Nataraja had, by the pre-Chola period, an abstract or ‘cosmic’ symbolism linked to the five elements including ether (Yocum 1983: 20). It also expresses his longing for mystical union with the transcendental, akin to the lover-beloved model of Bhakti worship:
Ah, When will I get to gaze upon the unique One to whom no other compares
Him who is fire, water, wind, earth and ether, Him whom others cannot understand. . .
With voice stammering,
a cataract of tears gushing forth, hands joined in worship
When will I adorn Him with fragrant flowers? When will I be united with my uncut Gem
The dance of bliss, dance of the lord and devotees
The Pallava Nataraja icons and stone and metal discussed (especially Plate 1 and Plate 3), suggest the notion of Nataraja’s blissful dance with an unmistakable attitude or smile of puckish delight that contrasts with the gravitas of Siva dancing as Natesa (in chatura pose) from Badami or Ellora (Sivaramamurti 1974: figs 12, 17). This could suggest that the anandatandava or dance of bliss represented not just a di erent mode of dance but a philosophy unique to the Pallava domain. Zvelebil (1985) and Yocum (1983: 31) respectively speculated that the Nataraja cult and Manikkavachakar’s devotional experience as hysterical bliss drew from older practices reflected in Tamil Sangam literature (c. fifth century BC to fifth century AD), such as the ecstatic kavadi dances and possession (veriyatal) linked to the cult of Murugan/Velan, and the Tamil folk deity with the trident or vel. Rajaraja Chola’s Brhadisvara temple (c. AD 985 – 1014) had hundreds of dancing girls or devadasis attached to it with the 108 sculpted karana reliefs indicating their role in invoking Siva’s anandatandava. Interestingly, an earlier verse by Manikkavacha-kar (Yocum 1983: 30) reveals that, even for the Saiva Siddhanta ascetic and devotee, such bliss could be experienced by breaking into dance:
He. . .revealed His foot which is like a tender flower, caused me to dance
entered my innermost part (akam) became my Lord.
‘Or unarve’, the one consciousness: views of the mystic and the monist
The thirteenth-century Saiva Siddhantic text, Kunchitangrim Bhaje by Umapati of Chidambaram, describes Nataraja as sacchidananda or ‘Being, Consciousness and Bliss’ (Smith 1998: 21). This approaches the doctrine of Advaita, or abstract monism, expounded by celebrated south Indian philosopher-saint Sankaracharya, which holds the individual (jivatman) and supreme soul/consciousness (paramatman) to be one. Although Sankara, who lived around AD 788 – 820, set up a monastery at the Pallava bastion of Kanchipuram and knew of Saiva Siddhanta worshippers of Chidambaram, there is no evidence for his influence at Chidambaram before the thirteenth – fourteenth century (Davis 2000: 14; Younger 1995: 112, 223). However, an earlier hymn to Nataraja by Manikkavachakar (Yocum 1983: 24), indicated below, clearly identifies him with the unitary supreme consciousness, by using the Tamil word ‘Or unarve’ rather than the Sanskrit ‘chit’.O unique consciousness (or unarve),which is realised (unarvatu) as standing firm,transcending words and (ordinary) consciousness (unarvu), O let me know a way to tell of You. (22: 3)
It is thus tempting to speculate about an osmosis of ideas, in whichever direction, between the mystic Manikkavachakar and monist Sankara or their followers.Processional icons of dancing Siva and the Nataraja worshipped at Chidambaram until Mahendravarman Pallavan’s time (c. AD 600 – 30) were probably of wood. A switch to metal processional icons was made by at least Paramesvaravarman I’s time (c. AD 650) from the Kuram copper plate and dates from archaeometallurgical finger-printing for the Siva Natesa from Kuram (Plate 2), while Appar’s seventh-century verses leave open the possibility of the worship of a Siva Nataraja bronze at Chidambaram. Finger-printing supports a Pallava attribution, c. AD 800 – 50, for two Nataraja bronzes (Plates 3 and 4), fitting dates for Dantivarman Pallava under whom karanas of Siva’s anandatandava were sculpted at Bahur. This coincides not only with dates for Manikkavachakar’s mystical hymns, evoking Nataraja as the elements and the one consciousness (Tamil: ‘or unarve’), but also for Sankara, c. AD 800, whose monistic doctrines might also have had a bearing. Setting aside the odd flattish stone frieze, sizeable well-rounded stone Natarajas emerged later than the metal icon, and specifically under the reign of Chola queen Sembiyan Mahadevi (c. AD 950)."
The GarbhagRha or sanctum sanctorum of the tempe at Elephant (ca. 8th century CE) shows the aniconic pillar of fire. "Many forms of worship are offered to the Siva linga such as sprinkling the stone with water, offerings of flowers, food, cloth, and incense.  Also, the linga is often anointed by smearing the stone with various substances such as vermilion paint or dry red kunkum (sindhur) powder." 

http://www.gaianxaos.com/shivaya.htm

"Here at Brihadeshwara, along its south wall we see Siva in the chatura pose. The chatura pose is that where the right leg is firmly placed on the apasmarapurusha (ignorance) and the left leg is raised half way into the air shortly before being stretched out as the nataraja tandava pose. Siva wears a jatamukuta and holds the crecent moon and ganges in his hair! In this sculpture he is seen holding a trident as one of his many attributes. "http://indiatemple.blogspot.in/2004_12_01_archive.html

The tractus in stambha sukta in Atharva Veda, sees the Yupa 'post' as beginning-less and end-less Stambha orSkambha and describes the form as a representation for the eternal Brahman.Linga Purana expands the explanatory note extolling the supreme nature of the stambha and hence, of Mahâdeva, as supreme divinity. 

Siva Purana describes in its first section, the Vidyeshwar Samhita, the origin of the lingam, known as Siva-linga, as the beginning-less and endless cosmic pillar (Stambha) of fire, the cause of all causes.(Chaturvedi. Shiv Purana (2006 ed.). Diamond Pocket Books. p. 11). Samskritam: लिङ्गं, liṅgaṃ, meaning "mark", "sign", or "inference".

Step 2. The pillar of fire was visualised as a lingam.  Worship of a lingam at Parasurameswara Swamy temple in Gudimallam dates back to ca.100 BCE. (Klaus Klostermaier, A Survey of Hinduism 2007 SUNY Press p. 111).








Darasuram. Siva emerges out of the linga. Brahma searches for the ending of the pillar in heaven, Vishnu searches for the beginning of the pillar on the earth, underground. The medtaphor of a beginningless, endless pillar of light, pillar of fire, sivalinga as described in the Skambha Sukta. An unceasing enquiry of the cosmic dancer, Mahesvara.

http:/upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Lingothbhavar.jpg/220px-Lingothbhavar.jpg Image of Lingodbhava in the Airavatesvara Temple at Darasuram, 10th century CE

Image of Lingodbhava in the Airavatesvara Temple at Darasuram, 10th century CE
Siva Lingodbhavamurti, Shiva apperaing in the falming linga, Tamil Nadu, Chola period, 12th-13th century, basalt. Musee Guimet.mg07 100112181 j r 
Shiva 1
Shiva, Lingodbhava Story (Cave 16 Ellora)
Lingodbhava, the god rappers as a pillar of fire in the ocean; Brahma and Vishanu search for a beginning and Shiva for its beginning and end.
DSC_8336
Shiva the god as cosmic dancer.
File:British Museum - Shiva as Lingodbhava Murti.JPG

Chola dynasty, around AD 900. British Museum Asia OA 1955.10-18.1 Ht. 138 cm.  "The iconography is explained by a narrative of competition for status among the gods. Brahma and Vishnu were arguing over who was the most powerful, when a huge shaft of fire appeared between them, that appeared to have no top or bottom. They went to investigate. Vishnu in his boar incarnation dug down into the earth, seen at the base of the sculpture. Meanwhile, Brahma flew into the sky on his vehicle, the Hamsa bird, seen at the top. When neither could find either top or bottom they realized that the column of fire was more powerful than either of them. Its identity was revealed to them when Siva appeared out of the shaft, and they bowed down to Siva as the most powerful deity. Siva stands in an oval of flames wearing a tall crown and holding his distinctive attributes, the deer and axe. This image combines the aniconic form of Siva as a linga with the human image of the god with multiple arms, such as Nataraja or Dakshinamurti. Images of Lingodbhava are popular in Tamil Nadu and Shaiva temples normally have an image of this deity on the exterior of the rear or west wall of the main sanctum."
From Tamil Nadu, India


Lingobhava Siva: God Siva appears as in an infinite Linga fire-pillar, as Vishnu as Varaha tries to find the bottom of the Linga while Brahma tries to find its top. This infinite pillar conveys the infinite nature of Siva. (Blurton, T. R. (1992). "Stone statue of Siva as Lingodbhava". Extract from Hindu art (London, The British Museum Press). British Museum site.)

Some scholars have advanced erroneous arguments suggesting non-Aryan phallus worship to explain the traditions of linga worship. Such arguments run counter to the references to jyotirlinga temples for worship of Sivalinga as fiery pillar of light as detailed in the Atharva Veda Skambha Sukta. Archaeological evidence, iconograhic evidence from scores of temples and evidence from Indus Script cipher  to decipher the Candi Suku Sivalinga are presented to counter such fallacious arguments.

The chronology of Hindu tradition from the days of Atharva Veda is that iconic form of Mahesvara Siva emerges out of the aniconic Skambha (linga) or pillar of light and fire. What we find in the seven Sivalingas of Harappa is the aniconic form. Sivalinga appeared as a flame. Brahma, as hamsa, searches for the end in the heavens. Vishnu, as Varaha, searches for the beginning in the bowels of the earth. This Lingodbhava narrative is in many Puranas. 

Appar, Shaiva saint of the 7th century, provides a similar narrative for this Lingodbhava. Tirugnana Sambandar refers to Brahma and Vishnu who set out on a search and comprehend Siva as the nature of light. 

I submit that the most abiding form of worship is that which is displayed architecurally in Amaravati where Naga venerate the Skambha, the fiery pillar of light with the adornment of Srivatsa as the capital. The Srivatsa is a Indus Script hieroglyph of a pair of fish-tails: dula 'pair' Rebus: dul 'cast metal'  Kur. xolā tail. Malt. qoli id. (DEDR 2135) The hooded snake which adorns as headgear is also read rebus: kula 'hooded snake' M. khoḷ f. ʻ hooded cloak ʼ(CDIAL 3942) A. kulā ʻ winnowing fan, hood of a snake ʼ(CDIAL 3350) Rebus: kol 'working in iron' kolle 'blacksmith' kolhe 'smelters'. 
Naga worshippers of fiery pillar, Amaravati stup  Smithy is the temple of Bronze Age: stambha, thãbharā fiery pillar of light, Sivalinga. Rebus-metonymy layered Indus script cipher signifies: tamba, tã̄bṛā, tambira 'copper' 
Railing crossbar with monks worshiping a fiery pillar, a symbol of the Buddha, , Great Stupa of Amaravati

http://bharatkalyan97.blogspot.in/2015/05/smithy-is-temple-of-bronze-age-stambha_14.html
Railing crossbar with monks worshiping a fiery pillar, a symbol of the Buddha,

The iconographic signifiers of linga are consistent with the early semantics of linga which relate to: लिङ्ग[p= 901,3] n. (once m. in Nr2isUp.;  ifc. f(आ)., f(ई). 
only in विष्णु-लिङ्गी ; prob. fr. √ लग् ; cf. लक्ष , लक्षण) a mark , spot , sign , token , badge , emblem , characteristic (ifc. = तल्-लिङ्ग , " having anything for a mark or sign ") Up. MBh. &c. Linga as meaning 'organ of generation' occurs in Mn. Hariv. Pur. &c. The context of Atharva Veda Skambha Sukta is NOT in reference to linga but as a pillar of light, jyotis or a लक्षण of light or fire. The linga as an Indus Script hieroglyph has been explained in the context of Candi Suku iconography of four balls at the tip of a 6 ft. tall linga as a cipher for lokhāṇḍā, 'metal tools, pots and pans of copper'.
http://bharatkalyan97.blogspot.in/2015/09/bronze-age-lokhnda-metal-tools-pots.html Some scholars cite RV 7.21.5 and RV 10.99.3 references to s'is'nadeva as a reference to 'phallus worshippers'. This view is in error and will be explained based on Sayana's translations of the Rigvedic rica-s.

RV 7.021.05 Let not th ra_ks.asas, Indra, do us harm; let not the evil spirits do harm to our progeny, most powerful (Indra); let the sovereign lord, (Indra), exert himself (in the restraint) of disorderly beings, so that the unchaste may not disturb our rite. [Let not the ra_ks.asas: na vandana vedyabhih = vandana_ni, ra_ks.a_m.si, prajabhyah; the unchaste: s'is'nadevah, abrahmacharya ityarthah (Yaska 4.19)].

RV 10.099.03 Going to the battle, marching with easy gait, desiring the spoil, he set himself to the acquisition of all (wealth). Invincible, destroying the licentious, he won by his prowess whatever wealth (was concealed in the city) with the hundred gates. [s'is'nadeva_n is a tatpurus.a compound; hence, the meaning would perhaps be: incontinent or licentious]. 

Gopinatha Rao erroneously interprets s'is'na as non-aryans, phallus-worshippers "The worship of the Phallus which the non-Aryans of India shared with other nations who inhabited on the borders of the Mediterranean sea, has survived in India to this day. The Dhruvaberas in all Siva temples is the Linga surmounted upon the Yoni or the piNDika (pedestal). It is only in very rare instances we meet with the anthropomorphic representations of Siva set up as the principal deity in Siva temples. This non-Aryan phallic emblem seems to have been identified at a later period with Skambha of the Vedas, wherein Skambha is conceived as co-extensive with the universe and comprehends in him the various parts of the material universe, as also the abstract qualities, such as tapas, faith, truth and divisions of time. He is distinct from Prajapati, who founds the universe upon him...The gods who form part of him do homage to him."(pp.55-56 opcit.)  This interpretation is based on the meaning given to s'is'na: शिश्न [p= 1076,3] m. n. (cf. शिशन् ; said to be fr. √ श्नथ् , " to pierce ") a tail , (esp.) the male generative organRV. &c.

Gopinatha Rao has erred because, following Yaska, Sayana interprets s'is'nadeva of both these ricas as unchaste men. Durgacharya also applies the word to those who dally carnally with prostitutes, forsaking Vedic observances. The veneration of Skambha an aniconic form of Mahesvara is NOT related to Skambha as a शिश्न  but the jyotirlinga, the pillar of fire and light as the primordial explanation for the phenomena of the Universe like an axis Mundi linking earth and heaven. 

'Skambha in the beginning shed forth that gold (hiraNya, out of which HiraNyagarbha arose) in the midst of the world.' This passage in the Skambha Sukta of Atharva Veda DOES NOT 'pour forth his golden seen in begetting Prajapati' as interpreted wrongly by Gopinatha Rao but explains the term HiraNyagarbha in relation to Skambha. The word vetasa used in the Sukta refers to a reed and NOT to a membrum virile, vetasa does NOT refer to an identity of the Linga, as wrongly interpreted by Gopinatha Rao who further adds: "At a later time a sort of philosophical clothing is given to the primitive Linga: by a section of scholars the LInga and its pedestal are viewed, with some justification, as the representation of the araNis, the two pieces of wood which were rubbed together by the Vedic Indian in making fire." I submit that this view of Gopinatha Rao is speculative with no basis in philology or tradition. Skambha is a pillar of light and fire and hence, the appellation Jyotirlinga given to the 12 holy sites of Siva temples in ancient India.


Siva as Lingodbhava Murti. c. 900 CE. Height: 138 cm (54.3 in). British Museum. Asia OA 1955.10-18.1
Lingodbhava. Early Chola. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4422848
Siva as Lingodbhava, with Vishnu worshipping him. Thanjavur Brihadeesvara Temple
A second century BCE Lingodbhava cult of Lord Shiva, Gudimallam Chittoor district
Rajasimhesvara (Kailasanatha) Temple: ca. 730. West wall: Lingodbhava (Shiva emerging from the linga) & Linga installed in sanctum
Emerging from Jyotirlingam, Skambha of Light. 
Lingodbhava. Tirumayam. Pudukkottai. Tamil Nadu
Lingodbhava, Virupaksha Temple, Pattadakal, Karnataka 
Lingodbhava.
Linga with One Face of Shiva (Ekamukhalinga), Mon–Dvaravati period, 7th–early 8th century. Thailand (Phetchabun Province, Si Thep) Stone; H. 55 1/8 in.
 Lingodbhava, Swarga Brahma temple, Alampur, Andhra Pradesh.

Arunachala. 







Brahma flying up to find the top of the Column of Light









Vishnu burrowing downwards to find the bottom of the Column of Light



Siva Lingodbhavamurti. The Lingodbhavamurti, in which Siva is represented as Candrakasekhara emerging out of fiery Skambha  Early Cola period (c. 850-1014CE. 
Lingodbhava. Ellora.
Lingodbhavamurti. Stone. Dasavatara cave, Ellora. (After TA Gopinatha Rao, 1997, Elements of Hindu iconography, Vol.2, Pt.1, Delhi, Motilal Banarsidass, Plate XIV, Fig.1, p. 109)
Lingodbhavamurti. Stone. Ambar-Magalam. (After TA Gopinatha Rao, 1997, Elements of Hindu iconography, Vol.2, Pt.1, Delhi, Motilal Banarsidass, Plate XIV, Fig.2, p. 109)

Lingodbhavamurti. Stone. Lingodbhavamurti. Stone. Kailasanathaswamin Temple, Conjeevaram (After TA Gopinatha Rao, 1997, Elements of Hindu iconography, Vol.2, Pt.1, Delhi, Motilal Banarsidass, Plate XIII, Fig.1, p. 109)








Why do Hindus Worship Shiva Linga? Kanchi Paramacharya’s Talk

lord-shiva-linga-big-temple-br (1)
S GurumurthyCompiled by London Swaminathan
Post No. 870 dated 26th February 2014

“ God is Omnipresent and All-pervasive. By the very nature of these qualities, He cannot have any form. He is, therefore, formless (Arupa). But in order to bless us, He assumes innumerable forms (Rupa). The Linga form in which we worship Isvara is symbolic of both His formlessness and form. It is symbolic of form because it has a particular shape; It is symbolic of formlessness because it has neither head nor limbs. The very conception of a Linga denotes something which has neither beginning nor end; the literal meaning of Linga is symbol.
Banalinga, part of Panchayatana Puja, is egg shaped. It serves to remind us Isvara(God) has neither beginning nor end. The shape of the sky is another example. Looking at the horizon we feel that the sky and the earth meet at a particular point. We may circle the earth and return to the point from which we started, without coming to the point where the sky and the earth meet. If we go into the significance of the symbol of Linga, we will realise that it is intended to bring the Unknown within our mental comprehension.

Lingodbhava Moorthi
Isvara assumes various forms in pursuance of His Divine Leela. The prime manifestation with a form of the formless Isvara, is known as the Lingodbhava Moorthi, and He made his appearance in that form exactly at midnight on Sivaratri. That is why all devotees keep vigil during the night of Sivaratri, and worship Isvara at midnight. If we go to any important Siva temple, we will find a niche, in the outer wall of the sanctum sanctorum, exactly behind the spot where the deity is installed. In that niche we can find a representation of the Lingodbhava Moorthi—a form emerging out of a linga. We can see neither the top half of the head nor the bottom half of the legs of that form. All the other attributes of Siva, like the axe, the deer etc. will be found sculptured. We will find also depicted a swan in flight at the top of the linga, and a boar burrowing the earth at the bottom.
According to tradition, Brahma took the form of a swan to find the crown of Siva’s head and failed. Similarly Vishnu took the form of a varaha/ boar and burrowed deep into the bowels of the earth to locate the feet of Siva and failed.
Thus in Lingodbhava Moorthi, we find the unique combination of Brahma, Vishnu and Siva, impressing in our minds the Advaitic tatva that God is One, Full and All Pervasive. Both the Arupa and Rupa aspects of Isvara are thus depicted.
(Significance of Sivaratri, Talk delivered by Kanchi Shankaracharya Sri Chandra Sekarendra Sarasvati on 16th February 1958 in Madras.)
Source: Pages 105- 107 of Acharya’s Call, Madras Discourses 1957- 1960, B G Paul & Co., Madras 1, 1968 publication.
Hindu Gods in Japan
Interview between Paramacharya and Hajme Nakamura, Professor of Philosophy, University of Tokyo
His Holiness: Is Shiva Linga found anywhere in Japan
Professor Hajme Nakamura: No. there is neither Shiva Linga nor images of Vishnu. But there is Ganapathi, Saraswathi, Indra, Brahma and even Varuna. But also there is a crocodile, which is regarded as the vehicle (Vahana) of the Ganges. The meaning of the Japanese names of
Ganapathi = Arya deva
Saraswathi = Goddess of eloquence
Indra = Chakra deva
Varuna = God of water
Lingodbhava Murthy - Shiva Inside Linga
Picture of Linodbhava
Shiva 50% + Vishnu 50%
“We Hindus regard both Siva and Vishnu as the same and this is evident from the fact that in the ecstasy of our devotion, when we are alone or in groups, we exclaim Haro-Hara and Govinda Govinda which names come to our lips spontaneously.
The holy days of Sivaratri and Janmashtami, are divided from each other by exactly 180 days, and this seems to indicate that god in his aspect as Siva protects us during one half of the year and his aspect as Vishnu , in the other half.
The traditional practice of boys and girls collecting oil for their vigil on Sivaratri and Janmashtami nights , singing in chorus a song which means Sivaratri and Sri Jayanthi/Janmashtami are the same, is another pointer to the identity of these two manifestations of the divine.”
(Paramacharya has pointed out in another talk that only two stars out of 27 stars has the honorific prefix “Thiru=Sri” in Tamil. They are Arudra and Onam. Both of them are associated with Shiva and Vishnu respectively. Big celebrations are held in Siva and Vishnu temples on those days. (Arudra= Thiruvathirai; Onam= Thiruvonam )
ardhanaree“Some Western scholars in their ignorance have dubbed Hindu religion as polytheistic. The uniqueness of our religion lies in the fact that under whichever name a devotee worships his Ishtadevata – that manifestation of god which appeals to him most – he considers him as the all pervading Paramatma. In fact, the culmination of all conceptions of the Supreme Being is in monism. That is Advaita Vedanta. Isvara, Narayana and Parasakti are all different aspects of one Supreme Being. This is visibly illustrated in the divine forms of Ardhanareeswara and Sankara – Narayana.
Such manifestations of the divine are installed in many South Indian temples, such as Ardhanareeswara (Half Siva, Half Sakti) in Tiruchengodu, SankaraNarayanan (Half Siva and Half Vishnu) koil in Tirunelveli district and Harihara in Mysore. Siva and Vishnu are also found together in the temple at Tiruparkadal near Kaveripakkam.
Source: Volume 2 of Acharya’s Call, Madras Discourses 1957- 1960, B G Paul & Co., Madras 1, 1968 publication.
2 million Rudraksha seeds in Surat.
Linga made up of two million Rudraksha seeds from Surat,Gujarat.
Contact swami_48@yahoo.com

mũh 'a face' in Indus Script Cipher signifies mũh, muhã 'ingot' or muhã 'quantity of metal produced at one time in a native smelting furnace.'

Specific inscriptions presented in this note represent either orthographically or iconographically, metalwork proclamations by Meluhha artisans with competence in Indus Writing system.

A face is artistically rendered as an isolated feature or jointly with other body parts, say, in a composite animal composition as hieroglyph-multiplex together with, for example, the paws of a tiger, hoofs of a bovine or hooded serpent. A face is also artistically rendered on a sivalinga in forms such as ekamukha linga or caturmukha linga, in the context of a smelter. Such hieroglyph-multiplexing signifies sangaḍa 'joined animal parts' Rebus: sangara 'proclamation'. Thus, a face on inscriptions is part of a metalwork proclamation in Indus Script Corpora which constitute catalogus catalogorum of metalwork of the Bronze Age.

Face signified as a hieroglyph is identified in eight sets of Indus Script inscriptions presented in this note.

1. Tin ingot with (woman's) face hieroglyph
2. Face (head) of goat joined with body of fish on Susa trough
3. Face (head) of bull on Warka vase
4. (Human) face component in hieroglyph-multiplex of 'composite animal'
5. Face on Bhuteswar sivalinga & face with body of a hunter on Gudimallam sivalinga
6. Face with prominent nose on Mahavira pot of Vedic Yajna
7. Face (one eye) of a woman holding back rearing tigers
8. Head of bull on cylinder seals with Indus script hieroglyphs

In all these inscriptions, the readings are: mũh 'face' Rebus: mũhe 'ingot'. Context is working with měď 'copper' (Czech) with metal-word cognates such as:


Santali glosses


Wilhelm von Hevesy wrote about the Finno-Ugric-Munda kinship, like "Munda-Magyar-Maori, an Indian link between the antipodes new tracks of Hungarian origins" and "Finnisch-Ugrisches aus Indien". (DRIEM, George van: Languages of the Himalayas: an ethnolinguistic handbook. 1997. p.161-162.) Sumerian-Ural-Altaic language affinities have been noted. Given the presence of Meluhha settlements in Sumer, some Meluhha glosses might have been adapted in these languages. One etyma cluster refers to 'iron' exemplified by meD (Ho.). The alternative suggestion for the origin of the gloss med 'copper' in Uralic languages may be explained by the word meD (Ho.) of Munda family of Meluhha language stream:

Sa. <i>mE~R~hE~'d</i> `iron'.  ! <i>mE~RhE~d</i>(M).
Ma. <i>mErhE'd</i> `iron'.
Mu. <i>mERE'd</i> `iron'.
  ~ <i>mE~R~E~'d</i> `iron'.  ! <i>mENhEd</i>(M).
Ho <i>meD</i> `iron'.
Bj. <i>merhd</i>(Hunter) `iron'.
KW <i>mENhEd</i>
@(V168,M080)
http://www.ling.hawaii.edu/austroasiatic/AA/Munda/ETYM/Pinnow&Munda

— Slavic glosses for 'copper'
Мед [Med]Bulgarian
Bakar Bosnian
Медзь [medz']Belarusian
Měď Czech
Bakar Croatian
KòperKashubian
Бакар [Bakar]Macedonian
Miedź Polish
Медь [Med']Russian
Meď Slovak
BakerSlovenian
Бакар [Bakar]Serbian
Мідь [mid'] Ukrainian[unquote]
http://www.vanderkrogt.net/elements/element.php?sym=Cu 
Miedź, med' (Northern Slavic, Altaic) 'copper'.  

One suggestion is that corruptions from the German "Schmied", "Geschmeide" = jewelry. Schmied, a smith (of tin, gold, silver, or other metal)(German) result in med ‘copper’.

Item 1. Tin ingot with (woman's) face hieroglyph
Inscribed tin ingot with a moulded head, from Haifa (Artzy, 1983: 53). (Michal Artzy, 1983, Arethusa of the Tin Ingot, Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, BASOR 250, pp. 51-55) https://www.academia.edu/5476188/Artzy-1983-Tin-Ignot Face on this tin ingot: mũhe ‘face’ (Santali) Rebus: mũh ‘ingot’ (Santali). The three hieroglyphs are: ranku 'antelope' Rebus: ranku 'tin' (Santali) ranku 'liquid measure' Rebus: ranku 'tin' (Santali). dāṭu = cross (Te.); dhatu = mineral (Santali) Hindi. 
dhāṭnā ‘to send out, pour out, cast (metal)’ (CDIAL 6771). [The 'cross' or X hieroglyph is incised on all three tin ingots found in a shipweck in Haifa.] http://bharatkalyan97.blogspot.in/2015/08/indus-script-corpora-as-catalogus.html

Item 2. Face (head) of goat joined with body of fish on Susa trough

See: http://bharatkalyan97.blogspot.in/2015/08/indus-script-on-maritime-tin-road_16.html

A Susa ritual basin dated to ca. 12th or 13th century BCE depicts goat and fish ligatured into a 'fabulous' or 'composite' animal representation, clearly intended to connote the underlying hieroglyphic meaning. Susa ritual basin dates from 13th or 12th cent. BCE. The hieroglyph-multiplex flanks reedposts, spathes, molluscs. http://www.louvre.fr/en/oeuvre-notices/ritual-basin-decorated-goatfish-figures aya 'fish' Rebus: aya 'iron' (Gujarati) ayas 'metal' (Rigveda) meḷh ‘goat’ (Br. mr̤eka (Te.); mēṭam (Ta.); meṣam (Samskritam) Te. mr̤eka (DEDR 5087)  (DEDR 5087) Rebus: meluh.h.a (Akkadian) mleccha (Samskritam) milakkhu 'copper' (Pali) 

Item 3. (Human) face component in hieroglyph-multiplex of 'composite animal'


m0301 Mohenjodaro seal shows a comparable 'composite animal' glyphic composition.

The glyphic elements of the composite animal shown together with the glyphs of fish, fish ligatured with lid, arrow (on Seal m0302) are:

--ram or sheep (forelegs denote a bovine)
--neck-band, ring
--bos indicus (zebu)(the high horns denote a bos indicus)
--elephant (the elephant's trunk ligatured to human face)
--tiger (hind legs denote a tiger)
--serpent (tail denotes a serpent)
--human face

All these glyphic elements are decoded rebus:

meḍho a ram, a sheep (G.)(CDIAL 10120); 
kaḍum ‘neck-band, ring’ 
adar ḍangra ‘zebu’
ibha ‘elephant’ (Skt.); rebus: ib ‘iron’ (Ko.)
kolo ‘jackal’ (Kon.)
kulA 'hooded serpent' Rebus: kol 'working in iron' kolle 'blacksmith' kolhe 'smelter'

moṇḍ the tail of a serpent (Santali) Rebus: Md. moḍenī ʻ massages, mixes ʼ. Kal.rumb. moṇḍ -- ʻ to thresh ʼ, urt. maṇḍ -- ʻ to soften ʼ (CDIAL 9890) Thus, the ligature of the serpent as a tail of the composite animal glyph is decoded as: polished metal (artifact).


mũhe ‘face’ (Santali); mleccha-mukha (Skt.) = milakkhu ‘copper’ (Pali)

Item 4. Face (head) of bull on Warka vase
Head of bull between two storage jars filled with ingots. Warka vase hieroglyph-multiplex.
See head of bull on Warka vase. Signified on top register between two storage jars filled with ingots.

http://bharatkalyan97.blogspot.in/2015/02/meluhha-hieroglyphs-of-gudimallam.html  Meluhha hieroglyphs of Gudimallam sculpture, kole.l 'smithy' is kole.l'temple' (Kota). A continuum of metalwork traditions of Sarasvati-Sindhu civilization


Cipher of Indus Script Corpora explains sivalinga as purifier of metals, skambha attested on Maritime Tin Route from Hanoi to Haifa

Item 5: Face on Bhuteswar sivalinga & face with body of a hunter on Gudimallam sivalinga
Worship of Shiva Linga by Gandharvas - Shunga Period - Bhuteshwar - ACCN 3625

razier, fireplace ʼ?(Kashmiri)(CDIAL 2999)


Pe. kaṇga (pl. -ŋ, kaṇku) eye. Ta. kaṇ eye, aperture, orifice, star of a peacock's tail. Ma. kaṇ, kaṇṇu eye, nipple, star in peacock's tail, bud. Ko. kaṇ eye. To. koṇ eye, loop in string.Ka. kaṇ eye, small hole, orifice. Koḍ. kaṇṇï id. Tu. kaṇṇů eye, nipple, star in peacock's feather, rent, tear. Te. kanu, kannu eye, small hole, orifice, mesh of net, eye in peacock's feather. Kol. kan (pl. kanḍl) eye, small hole in ground, cave. Nk. kan (pl. kanḍḷ) eye, spot in peacock's tail. Nk. (Ch.) kan (pl. -l) eye. Pa.(S. only) kan (pl. kanul) eye. Ga. (Oll.) kaṇ (pl. kaṇkul) id.; kaṇul maṭṭa eyebrow; kaṇa (pl. kaṇul) hole; (S.) kanu (pl. kankul) eye. Go. (Tr.) kan (pl.kank) id.; (A.) kaṛ (pl. kaṛk) id. Konḍa kaṇ id. Pe. kaṇga (pl. -ŋ, kaṇku) id. Manḍ. kan (pl. -ke) id. Kui kanu (pl. kan-ga), (K.) kanu (pl. kaṛka) id. Kuwi(F.) kannū (pl. kar&nangle;ka), (S.) kannu (pl. kanka), (Su. P. Isr.) kanu (pl. kaṇka) id. Kur. xann eye, eye of tuber; xannērnā (of newly born babies or animals) to begin to see, have the use of one's eyesight (for ērnā, see 903). Malt. qanu eye. Br. xan id., bud. (DEDR 1159) kāṇá ʻ one -- eyed ʼ RV.
Pa. Pk. kāṇa -- ʻ blind of one eye, blind ʼ; Ash. kã̄ṛa, °ṛī f. ʻ blind ʼ, Kt. kãŕ, Wg. kŕãmacrdotdot;, Pr. k&schwatildemacr;, Tir. kāˊna, Kho. kāṇu NTS ii 260,kánu BelvalkarVol 91; K. kônu ʻ one -- eyed ʼ, S. kāṇo, L. P. kāṇã̄; WPah. rudh. śeu. kāṇā ʻ blind ʼ; Ku. kāṇo, gng. kã̄&rtodtilde; ʻ blind of one eye ʼ, N. kānu;A. kanā ʻ blind ʼ; B. kāṇā ʻ one -- eyed, blind ʼ; Or. kaṇā, f. kāṇī ʻ one -- eyed ʼ, Mth. kān, °nā, kanahā, Bhoj. kān, f. °ni, kanwā m. ʻ one -- eyed man ʼ, H. kān,°nā, G. kāṇũ; M. kāṇā ʻone -- eyed, squint -- eyed ʼ; Si. kaṇa ʻ one -- eyed, blind ʼ. -- Pk. kāṇa -- ʻ full of holes ʼ, G. kāṇũ ʻ full of holes ʼ, n. ʻ hole ʼ (< ʻ empty eyehole ʼ? Cf. ã̄dhḷũ n. ʻ hole ʼ < andhala -- ).S.kcch. kāṇī f.adj. ʻ one -- eyed ʼ; WPah.kṭg. kaṇɔ ʻ blind in one eye ʼ, J. kāṇā; Md. kanu ʻ blind ʼ.(CDIAL 3019) Ko. kāṇso ʻ squint -- eyed ʼ.(Konkani) 

http://bharatkalyan97.blogspot.in/2015/09/cipher-of-indus-script-corpora-explains.html

Item 7. Face (one eye) of a woman holding back rearing tigers
Harappa. Molded tablet. Plano convex molded tablet showing a female deity battling two tigers and standing above an elephant. A single Indus script depicting a spoked wheel is above the head of the deity. On the reverse (89), an individual is spearing a water buffalo with one foot pressing the head down and one arm holding the tip of a horn. A gharial [crocodile] is depicted above the sacrifice scene and a figure seated in yogic position, wearing a horned headdress, looks on. The horned headdress has a branch with three prongs or leaves emerging from the center.Material: terra cotta. 
Dimensions: 3.91 length, 1.5 to 1.62 cm width Harappa, Lot 4651-01 Harappa Museum, H95-2486Meadow and Kenoyer 1997 Source: harappa.com Slide 90 Hieroglyph: kaṇga 'eye' (Pe.) Rebus: kang m. ʻbrazier'
Hieroglyph: kola 'woman' Rebus: kol 'working in iron' kolle 'blacksmith' Hieroglyph: six (locks of hair): baTa 'six' Rebus: baTha 'furnace'Lock of hair: meDha 'curl of hair' Rebus: meD 'iron'. 
Item 8: Head of bull on cylinder seals with Indus script hieroglyphs

The cylinder seal of Cyprus clearly shows the head of bull in the context of orthographs signifying ox-hide ingots.



Cylinder seal: man grasping an antelope, bull&#39;s head over ingotCylinder seal: man grasping an antelope, bull's head over ingot

Period: Late Cypriot
Date: ca. 16th–12th century B.C.
Geography: Cyprus, Ayia Paraskevi; Cyprus
Culture: Cypriot
Medium: Black-grey steatite
Dimensions: 0.63 in. (1.6 cm)
Classification: Stone-Cylinder Seals
Credit Line: The Cesnola Collection, Purchased by subscription, 1874–76
Accession Number: 74.51.4325 Metmuseum
The cylinder seal (unprovenanced) shows head of bull together with other hieroglyphs: 6 dotted circles, lion, eagle ligatured to a feline and an antelope with head turned backwards).
baTa 'six' Rebus: baTa 'furnace'. eruvai 'eagle' Rebus: eraka 'moltencast copper'. ranku 'antelope' Rebus: ranku 'tin' krammara 'head turned back' Rebus: kamar 'blacksmith' arya 'lion' (Akkadian) Rebus: arA 'brass'. muh 'face (of bull)' Rebus: muh 'ingot'.
Cylinder seal: lion and sphinx over an antelope The depiction of a bull’s head together with an antelope is significant and recalls the association of bull’s head with oxhide ingots. The antelope looking backwards is flanked by a lion (with three dots at the back of the head) and a winged animal (tiger?)

http://bharatkalyan97.blogspot.in/2015/05/backbone-of-indus-script-corpora-tin.html  Backbone of Indus Script Corpora. Tin Road of Bronze Age Indian Ocean Community linking Ancient Far East and Ancient Near East.


http://bharatkalyan97.blogspot.in/2015/08/ancient-near-east-cylinder-seal.html 

I realize that the examples of inscriptions cited span a vast civilizational space from Hanoi to Haifa and may relate to a time-span of over 2 millennia from 4th millennium BCE, but underscore the fact that all the inscriptions relate to messages or catalogues of metalwork by artisans of the Bronze Age. Without adequate archaeometallurgical evidence, it is tough to venture even a hypothesis on the sojourns, along the Maritime Tin Route, of the metalworkers working in extensive Eurasia civilizational contact areas and supplying the resources for metal implements. One signifier unifies all the artifacts discussed in this art appreciation note which is documentation of metalwork catalogues, proclaiming the artisanal competence demonstrated.

See: http://bharatkalyan97.blogspot.in/2015/08/indus-script-corpora-as-catalogus.html
http://bharatkalyan97.blogspot.in/2015/08/indus-script-deciphered-crane-or-egret.html



About 5 ft. tall.
Click the image to open in full size.Top bust of Gudimallam lingam.
Click the image to open in full size.
Bottom support base of Gudimallam lingam. The iconic form of Siva stands on the shoulders of a dwarf, a member of the gaNa. Bauddham friezes refers to them as Yakshas. The dward gaNa is also explained as Apasmara who symbolizes ignorance.

Worship of the five-faced and ten-armed Sadāśiva, in the iconic form of Siva (who had emerged out of the lingam) who is the focal divinity of a school of Shaivism of 12th century not only in Bharatam but also in Cambodia. (Dominic Goodall, Nibedita Rout, R. Sathyanarayanan, S.A.S. Sarma, T. Ganesan and S. Sambandhasivacarya, The Pañcāvaraṇastava of Aghoraśivācārya: A twelfth-century South Indian prescription for the visualisation of Sadāśiva and his retinue, Pondicherry, French Institute of Pondicherry and Ecole française d'Extréme-Orient, 2005, p.12).

 http://bharatkalyan97.blogspot.in/2015/01/mahadeva-siva-removes-mists-of-dravida.html 
Siva stands on the shoulders of a stumpy dwarf or goblin, gaNa. Ananda Coomaraswamy sees similarity of the goblin figure with 'kupiro yakho' (Kubera yaksha) of Bharhut.

Pl. I Gudimallam sculpture

6. Face with prominent nose on Mahavira pot of Vedic Yajna
Context: Indus Script decipherment. Māyābheda sukta (RV 10.177.1-3) and hieroglyph components from mAhAvIra, gharma pot in pravargya prefacing agniṣṭōma अग्निष्टोम Soma yajna  

Gandhara Swat Grave culture
A pottery urn with bulbous body, surmoA pottery urn with bulbous body, surmounted by a narrow neck and with a flared rim. One side of the vessel features a highly abstract representation of a human face with holes for the eyes and mouth, and applied clay ridges forming the eyebrows and nose.  http://www.benjanssens.com/chinese/2004/46isea_urn-2004.html
A cremation urn with a lid from Pakistan, dating to ca. 1200 BC. Swat Valley, Gandhara Grave Culture, made of terracotta.Courtesy of the LACMA, via their online collections: AC1994.234.8a-b. Terracotta
(a) Urn: 17 x 15 in. (43.18 x 38.1 cm); (b) Lid: 2 x 8 1/4 in. (5.08 x 20.96 cm) Gift of Marilyn Walter Grounds (AC1994.234.8a-b) http://collections.lacma.org/node/177356
http://ancientart.tumblr.com/post/113109747567/a-cremation-urn-with-a-lid-from-pakistan-dating
.After Fig. 2 Gandhara grave culture (Ghalegay V period) face urn from Zarif Karuna near Peshawar, now in the Islamabad Museum.Source: Parpola, Asko, The face urns of Gandhara and the Nasatya cult in: Asko Parpola, ed., Migration, trade and peoples Part 3: Aryans and Nomads, London, British Assn. for South Asian Studies, British Academy, pp. 149-162. "The parallelism in the head symbolism between the gharma vessel in the cult of the As'vins -- the 'possessorsof horses' -- and the face of the urn of the Gandhara Graves appears not to be just a coincidence...the conspicuous three-dimensional 'nose' of the later face urns has a counterpart in the gharma vessel. The Satapatha Brahmana (14.1.2.17) describes the preparation of the gharma vessel thus: 'He then takes a lump of clay and makes the Mahavira (pot) with (the mantra), 'For Makha thee! for Makha's head thee!...a span high, for the head is, as it were, a span high; -- contracted in the middle, for the head is, as it were, contracted in the middle. At the top he then draws it out (unnayati) (so as to form) a spout (mukham 'mouth') of three thumb's breadths (high); he thereby makes a nose (nAsikam) to this (Mahavira, or Pravargya).' It is true that the description does not exactly match the making of the face urns of the Gandhara Graves, but it is remarkable that the gharma pot alone of all the vessels described in the Vedic literature is expressly told to have a 'nose'. It is also true that the Satapatha Brahmana is the only Vedic text to mention this 'nose', and although its present redactions are younger than the texts of the Black Yajurveda, it goes back to an earlier version and its contents in some respects differ entirely from all the other texts. That it can well have preserved ancient traditions prevalent among the Kanvas is quite likely on the basis that one of the two redactions belongs to the Kanvas. The 'nose' of the face urn and the gharma pot should have some specific function, and it indeed is meaningful when considered in the context of the As'vin cult...Comparing the gharma vessel with the cinerary urn of the Gandhara Grave culture implies that there should be a close relationship between the gharma rite and the funeral. I think such a relationship does indeed exist. According to the Rigveda, the gharma rite was instituted by Atri and offered by his descendants out of gratitude to the As'vins, because these had saved Atri from the distress of the rbIsa pit. It was the As'vins who had first given the hot gharma drink to Atri while saving him, so the gharma rite imitates the service rendered by the As'vins. I am arguing that the Atri legend reflects the Atri clan's initial adoption of the cremation burial and the associated cult of the As'vins as funeral deities, who revive the dead by means of their drink of heated milk. These funeral practices new to them the Atris took over from the Kanvas, with whom they established friendly relations while setting in Gandhara." (pp.156-157).

"About 1800 BCE, there is a major cultural change in the Swat Valley with the introduction of new ceramics and two new burial rites: flexed inhumation in a pit and cremation burial in an urn which, according to early Vedic literature, were both practiced in early Indo-Aryan society." http://www.indicstudies.us/Archives/AIT/Aryan%20Migration%20Theories.doc

Asko Parpola goes on to relate nas- 'nose' to NAsatya, an extrapolation which may be a stretch.

Assuming that the Zarif Karuna (near Peshwar) pot is rebus-metonymy layer signifying muha~ 'iron ingot' (Santali), both the prominent 'nose' hieroglyph and the 'face' hieroglyph on the pot can be explained as cognate signifiers, 

Focus on nose, face, mouth on Zarif Karuna pot
In one stream of the Indian sprachbund lexis one set of glosses relate to mukha, the semantics relate to face, mouth; in another stream the entries relate to muk 'nose'.

A simple explanation can be offered for the prominence of the 'nose' in gharma or Pravargya clay pot.

The rebus reading of mu~h 'face' and mu~h 'ingot' has been notd. The cognates for mu~h face in languages of Indian sprachbund: Ta. muka (-pp-, -nt-), mukar (-v-, -nt-), mō (-pp-, -nt-) to smell; mōppam smell; nose (DEDR 4886) Ta. mukam face, mouth; Ka. moga face, mouth; Go. (G. Ma.) mukam, (M.) mukum id. (Voc. 2861); (A. S. Ko.) mokom id (Voc. 2972). Konḍa mokom id.;Kuwi (Su. P. Isr. F.) mūmbu, (S.) mūmbū, (Mah.) mūkā id. (DEDR 4889) Ko. mu·k nose, funnel of bellows; mu·kn man with long nose; fem. mu·ky. To. mu·k nose (in songs); Koḍ. mu·kï nose. Tu. mūku, mūgu, mūṅku nose, beak; Ta. mūkku nose, nostril, beak, nose-shaped part of anything; Te. mukku nose, beak, end, point, tip. Kol. muŋgaḍ (Kin.) mukk, (SR.)  mukku nose (DEDR 5024)
Image result for frog dong son drum
Allograph: See frogs on the Dong Son Bronze drums: Kur. mūxā frog.  Malt. múqe id. / Cf. Skt. mūkaka- id. (DEDR 5023) If the rebus reading was the same as in Santali muha~ (as an Autro-asiatic gloss of Indian sprachbund), the message conveyed by the bronze-smiths of Dong Son can be interpreted: that iron castings are also part of the supercargo conveyed together with the bronze drums.
Hieroglyph: múkha n. ʻ mouth, face ʼ RV., ʻ entrance ʼ MBh.Pa. mukha -- m.; Aś.shah. man. gir. mukhato, kāl. dh. jau. °te ʻ by word of mouth ʼ; Pk. muha -- n. ʻ mouth, face ʼ, Gy. gr. hung. muy m., boh. muy, span. muí, wel. mūīf., arm. muc̦, pal. mu', mi', pers. mu; Tir. mū ʻ face ʼ; Woṭ. mū m. ʻ face, sight ʼ; Kho. mux ʻ face ʼ; Tor. mū ʻ mouth ʼ, Mai. mũ; K. in cmpds. mu -- ganḍ m. ʻ cheek, upper jaw ʼ, mū -- kāla ʻ having one's face blackened ʼ, rām. mūī˜, pog. mūī, ḍoḍ. mū̃h ʻ mouth ʼ; S. mũhũ m. ʻ face, mouth, opening ʼ; L. mũh m. ʻ face ʼ, awāṇ. mū̃ with descending tone, mult. mũhã m. ʻ head of a canal ʼ; P. mū̃h m. ʻ face, mouth ʼ, mū̃hã̄ m. ʻ head of a canal ʼ; WPah.śeu. mùtilde; ʻ mouth, ʼ cur. mū̃h; A. muh ʻ face ʼ, in cmpds. -- muwā ʻ facing ʼ; B. mu ʻ face ʼ; Or. muhã ʻ face, mouth, head, person ʼ; Bi. mũh ʻ opening or hole (in a stove for stoking, in a handmill for filling, in a grainstore for withdrawing) ʼ; Mth. Bhoj. mũh ʻ mouth, face ʼ, Aw.lakh. muh, H. muh, mũh m.; OG. muha, G. mɔ̃h n. ʻ mouth ʼ, Si. muya, muva. -- Ext. -- l<-> or -- ll -- : Pk. muhala -- , muhulla -- n. ʻ mouth, face ʼ; S. muhuro m. ʻ face ʼ (or < mukhará -- ); Ku. do -- maulo ʻ confluence of two streams ʼ; Si. muhul, muhuna, mūṇa ʻ face ʼ H. Smith JA 1950, 179.; -- -- ḍ -- : S. muhaṛo m. ʻ front, van ʼ; Bi. (Shahabad) mohṛā ʻ feeding channel of handmill ʼ. -- Forms poss. with expressive -- kkh -- : seemúkhya -- . -- X gōcchā -- s.v. *mucchā -- .mukhará -- , múkhya -- , maukhya -- ; *mukhakāṣṭha -- , *mukhaghāṭā -- , mukhacandra -- , *mukhajāla -- , *mukhanātha -- , mukhatuṇḍaka -- , *mukhatuttikā -- , *mukhadhara -- , mukhaśuddhi -- , *mukhahāra -- , mukhāgra -- , *mukhāñcala -- , *mukhānta -- , *mukhāyana -- ; amukhá -- , abhimukhá -- , āmukha -- , unmukha -- , *nirmukha -- ; adhōmukha -- , ūrdhvamukha -- , kālamukha -- , gṓmukha -- , caturmukha -- , *paścamukha -- , valīmukha -- , śilīmukha -- , saṁmukhá -- , *sāṁmukha -- , sumukha -- .Addenda: múkha -- : WPah.kṭg. (kc.) mū̃ (with high level tone) m. (obl. -- a) ʻ mouth, face ʼ; OMarw. muhaṛaü ʻ face ʼ.(CDIAL 10158) 

Rebus: mũh ‘ingot’ (Munda) mũh ʻ opening or hole (in a stove for stoking, in a handmill for filling, in a grainstore for withdrawing) ʼ (Bihari)(CDIAL 10158)mleccha-mukha (Skt.) = copper; milakkha (Pali) mu~hu~ = face (S.); rebus: mu_ha ‘smelted ingot’ [mũh opening or hole (in a stove for stoking, in a handmill for filling, in a grainstore for withdrawing)(Bi.)]

http://bharatkalyan97.blogspot.in/2015/08/context-indus-script-decipherment.html

http://bharatkalyan97.blogspot.in/2015/08/context-indus-script-decipherment.html


S. Kalyanaraman
Sarasvati Research Center
November 16, 2015





















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Explosive revelations about Rahul Gandhi and a British Company -- Dr. Subramanian Swamy writes to PM Narendra Modi. Tweets/reactions on the ghotala.

November 16, 2015, 7:02 am
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Explosive revelations about Rahul Gandhi and a British Company -- Dr. Subramanian Swamy writes to PM Narendra Modi. Tweets/reactions on the ghotala. NaMo, restitute kaalaadhan.



Explosive revelations about Rahul Gandhi and a British company

Subramanian Swamy's letter to PM on Rahul Gandhi and his British nationality 001 scanned copy
Subramanian Swamy’s letter to PM on Rahul Gandhi and his British nationality 001 scanned copy

Subramanian Swamy's letter to PM on Rahul Gandhi and his British nationality 002 scanned copy
Subramanian Swamy’s letter to PM on Rahul Gandhi and his British nationality 002 scanned copy

Subramanian Swamy's letter to PM on Rahul Gandhi and his British nationality 003 scanned copy
Subramanian Swamy’s letter to PM on Rahul Gandhi and his British nationality 003 scanned copy

Subramanian Swamy's letter to PM on Rahul Gandhi and his British nationality 004 scanned copy
Subramanian Swamy’s letter to PM on Rahul Gandhi and his British nationality 004 scanned copy

Subramanian Swamy's letter to PM on Rahul Gandhi and his British nationality 005 scanned copy
Subramanian Swamy’s letter to PM on Rahul Gandhi and his British nationality 005 scanned copy

Subramanian Swamy's letter to PM on Rahul Gandhi and his British nationality 006 scanned copy
Subramanian Swamy’s letter to PM on Rahul Gandhi and his British nationality 006 scanned copy

Subramanian Swamy's letter to PM on Rahul Gandhi and his British nationality 007 scanned copy
Subramanian Swamy’s letter to PM on Rahul Gandhi and his British nationality 007 scanned copy

Subramanian Swamy's letter to PM on Rahul Gandhi and his British nationality 008 scanned copy
Subramanian Swamy’s letter to PM on Rahul Gandhi and his British nationality 008 scanned copy

Subramanian Swamy's letter to PM on Rahul Gandhi and his British nationality 009 scanned copy
Subramanian Swamy’s letter to PM on Rahul Gandhi and his British nationality 009 scanned copy

Subramanian Swamy's letter to PM on Rahul Gandhi and his British nationality 010 scanned copy
Subramanian Swamy’s letter to PM on Rahul Gandhi and his British nationality 010 scanned copy

Subramanian Swamy's letter to PM on Rahul Gandhi and his British nationality 011 scanned copy
Subramanian Swamy’s letter to PM on Rahul Gandhi and his British nationality 011 scanned copy

Subramanian Swamy's letter to PM on Rahul Gandhi and his British nationality 012 scanned copy
Subramanian Swamy’s letter to PM on Rahul Gandhi and his British nationality 012 scanned copy

Subramanian Swamy's letter to PM on Rahul Gandhi and his British nationality 013 scanned copy
Subramanian Swamy’s letter to PM on Rahul Gandhi and his British nationality 013 scanned copy

https://t.co/jFaKyS86Is
 1 hour ago
Multifaceted citizen with flexi citizenship. Rahul Gandhi must clarify with documents.

these 11 Rahul Gandhi UK addresses 79 VAUGHAN GARDENS ILFORD…

 2 hours ago
Tale of 2 documents: incorporation (r) shows Rahul Gandhi as Indian national, returns (l) says British.
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 2 hours ago
His name in electoral rolls of Britain creates a vacancy in Amethi
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 3 hours ago
BJP’s dirty tricks department led by Subramanian Swamy is resorting to petty and mindless mud-slinging (1/2)




 2 hours ago
8th Oct 2004 Document - 363s Annual Return
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My advice to Congi: Cut your losses and say good bye to Buddhu. He has anyway lots of friends abroad to take of his welfare.
 18 minutes ago
This Frognel area house was bought by whom? Buddhu or Bachhans?

 10 hours ago
Hope today's press conference of mine will usher in a new situation in politics.
 2 hours ago
why dont they categorically say he was NEVER a British Citizen. Why the circumlocution?
 2 hours ago
Congi stmt is so stupid. It says Buddhu had stated in 2003 he was Indian citizen. Why not in 2005, 06 and 09? Show the entire company record
 3 hours ago
My Dear RW Friends Onus is on Rahul Gandhi and not on us to prove his innocence. Why are you defending him by questioning expose ??
 2 hours agoNew Delhi, Delhi
This proves that the documents released by are completely authentic.


Meeting of Congress leaders Ahmed Patel, RS Surjewala, CP Joshi, Shakeel Ahmed underway at Rahul Gandhi's residence

 3 hours ago
Press Conference material is available On the web download at . or

 4 hours ago
Dr ’s letter to PM on and his British nationality :
 15 hours ago
Dr on Mon 16 Nov at 3pm will address Press Conference on important issue at Constitution Club, Dy Chairman Hall,1st Floor,New Delhi

 5 hours ago
Is RaGa a British National? According 2 this UK company filing, he is



 5 hours ago
Is Rahul Gandhi a British citizen?

 4 hours ago
This Ulrik Mcknight business partner of rahul gandhi in the document provided by is husband
















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Subramanian Swamy asks PM to strfip Rahul Gandhi of Indian citizenship. Cong says it's mudslinging

November 16, 2015, 7:30 am
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Subramanian Swamy asks PM to strip Rahul Gandhi of Indian citizenship, Cong says it’s mindless mud-slinging


BJP leader Subramanian Swamy on Monday alleged that Congress Vice President Rahul Gandhi had been the director of a company in Britain and he had declared himself as a British citizen.citizenship/#sthash.


New DelhiUpdated: Nov 16, 2015, 18:26

Subramanian Swamy, rahul gandhi, rahul gandhi british, british nationality, latest news

Congress Vice-President Rahul Gandhi.
BJP leader Subramanian Swamy on Monday alleged that Congress Vice President Rahul Gandhi had been the director of a company in Britain and he had declared himself as a British citizen in his annual return form. Swamy demanded that Prime Minister Narendra Modi should initiate steps to strip Rahul of his Indian citizenship. The Congress has, however, rejected the charge, calling this a petty and mindless mud-slinging.
In a letter written to the Prime Minister, Swamy alleged that Gandhi had floated a company called Backops Limited in 2003 in UK. “In the annual return form, Gandhi had declared himself to be of British nationality with UK address. Gandhi also held 65 percent of shares of the total shares issued by this company.. Same facts were repeated, viz, that Mr Rahul Gandhi as having British nationality in the annual returns filed on Oct 31, 2006 as well,” the letter said. This, Swamy said, was a violation of the law and the constitutional position in the country.
Reacting to this, the Congress said Swamy is resorting to “petty and mindless mud-slinging” as it is “frustrated by its humiliating defeat in Bihar elections and internal revolt brewing amongst the senior-most leadership.”
“The sole purpose appears to be to divert attention from inner revolt and paralysis of policy and governance being questioned all around including the leadership of Prime Minister Narendra Modi. In this quest, Swamy and BJP are repeating rehashed allegations leveled earlier on multiple occasions including through press conferences held in Ahmedabad and Delhi in October 2012. We reject them with the contempt that they deserve and the falsehood they seek to perpetuate,” Congress communication department head Randeep Singh Surjewala said.
Rahul Gandhi, he said, has held Indian citizenship from the day he was born. “He has held Indian passport and has never held citizenship of any other country nor has he represented as such. The allegation by Swamy is entirely false.” The Congress released the Certificate of Incorporation of BACKOPS Limited which mentions Gandhi as an Indian national.
“By Swamy’s own assertion it is clear that the said company was incorporated in August 2003. Gandhi was elected as a Member of Parliament for the first time in 2004. Gandhi has never held any account in Pictet Bank, Zurich, nor has he ever been questioned or detained at Logan Airport, Boston with undeclared cash. This is a complete falsehood that Swamy is in the habit of falsely repeating for decades for his malicious political motives and to gain cheap publicity,” Surjewala said.
“No member of Indian Parliament can incorporate a company abroad without prior permission under the existing laws and without declaring the same in his nomination form as a candidate for election to Parliament,” Swamy said in the letter.
Swamy sought Lok Sabha speaker Sumitra Mahajan to appoint a committee to look into the matter and cancel Gandhi’s membership from Parliament.
- See more at: http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/subramanian-swamy-asks-pm-to-strip-rahul-gandhi-of-indian-citizenship/#sthash.KCcIHLwa.dpuf


Rahul Gandhi a British national, Subramanian Swamy says

TNN | Nov 16, 2015, 07.06 PM IST

Rahul Gandhi a British national, Subramanian Swamy says
Subramanian Swamy has demanded that Rahul Gandhi be stripped of Indian citizenship.
NEW DELHI: BJP leader Subramanian Swamy on Monday alleged that Congress vice-president Rahul Gandhi has claimed himself to be a British national before the authorities there and has demanded that he be stripped of Indian citizenship and Lok Sabha membership. 

Circulating copies of documents extracted purportedly from the company law authorities of Britain, he told a press conference here that Gandhi had declared himself as a British national in the documents related to a now-dissolved company. 

This, he said in a letter to Prime Minister Narendra Modi, is a violation of constitutional provisions and demanded that action be taken against Gandhi. 

Swamy said he would write to Lok Sabha Speaker asking for either constitution of a special committee or refer the matter to the Ethics Committee for stripping him of his membership of the House. 

The Congress, however, sought to dismiss Swamy's charges. 

Party spokesperson Ajay Maken said, "we don't know what he (Swamy) has said. But he has the habit of getting back into news whenever he is sidelined." 

"From the day Rahul Gandhi was born, he has been an Indian national and always held an Indian passport," Congress leader RS Surjewala said.

(With inputs from agencies.)
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Rahul-Gandhi-is-a-British-citizen-Subramanian-Swamy-says-Congress-rubbishes-claim/articleshow/49804673.cms
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Dr. Subramanian Swamy's letter and documents to PM on Nov 12, 2015 on Rahul Gandhi's British Citizenship. NaMo, restitute kaalaadhan.

November 16, 2015, 7:54 am
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Dr. Subramanian Swamy's letter and documents to PM on Nov 12, 2015 on Rahul Gandhi's British Citizenship and British company Backops Limited registered in UK on August 21, 2003. 

In all annual returns of 2005 & 2006 till the dissolving the company on Feb 17, 2009 Rahul Gandhi declared himself as British citizen with London address. Once in 2005, he changed his address in London. 

Rahul Gandhi (Director ID 909187828)  has 65 shares and the rest 35 shares are held by Ulrik Mcknight (Director ID909187827). 

Rahul's date of birth is same in British documents  - June 19, 1970.

Ulrick is a US citizen and son-in-law of former Union Minister Eduardo Faleiro. His daughter Sonia Falerio is married to Ulrick. He was also Co-Director of Rahul Gandhi's Indian company Backops Services Private Limited (dissolved in Jan 2011 after transferring Rahul's shares to Priyanka Gandhi in 2009). 

Indian company was floated on May 28, 2002. But not declared in Rahul's Election Affidavits in Lok Sabha elections of 2004 & 2009. 

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Rahul G enrolled in UK Voter list? -- Tweet by @Arvindgunasekar

November 16, 2015, 8:32 am
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Tweet analyses of Rahul Gandhi British citizenship ghotala. NaMo, restitute kaalaadhan.

November 16, 2015, 4:16 pm
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  1. Published: November 17, 2015 01:39 IST | Updated: November 17, 2015 01:39 IST  NEW DELHI, November 17, 2015

    Rahul declared himself a British national: Swamy

    At a press conference in New Delhi, BJP leader Subramanian Swamy shared copies of the company’s annual returns, in which Congress vice-president Rahul Gandhi’s identity is certified as British. File photo
    At a press conference in New Delhi, BJP leader Subramanian Swamy shared copies of the company’s annual returns, in which Congress vice-president Rahul Gandhi’s identity is certified as British. File photo

    But in the Memorandum of Association, Rahul Gandhi mentioned his nationality as Indian.

    BJP leader Subramanian Swamy on Monday accused Congress vice-president Rahul Gandhi of declaring himself as a British national in 2005, while holding the post of director in a U.K. private firm, Backops Limited, a charge fiercely denied by the Congress.
    At a press conference here, Dr. Swamy shared copies of the company’s annual returns, in which Mr. Gandhi’s identity is certified as British.
    However, the documents accessed by The Hindu via official database of the British government show that Mr. Gandhi had specifically declared his nationality as Indian in the Memorandum of Association signed in 2003 at the time the company was founded. Yet, in a separate listing of annual returns filed in 2005, documents show Mr. Gandhi’s citizenship as British.
    In a letter to Prime Minister Narendra Modi, Dr. Swamy said: “As you can see from the company annual return that Mr. Rahul Gandhi has given his date of birth correctly, but has declared himself to be of British nationality with a United Kingdom address ... he held 65 per cent of the shares … .” The BJP leader alleged that prima facie there was a violation of Article 9 of the Indian Constitution, according to which every citizen of India was barred from voluntarily acquiring citizenship of any foreign State. While the United Kingdom permitted dual citizenship, India did not. Article 18 prohibited an Indian citizen from accepting even foreign titles, he said. Dr. Swamy also alleged that Mr. Gandhi had an undeclared overseas account with a Zurich-based bank.
    The Congress described the allegation as an attempt to “gain cheap publicity” and to “divert the attention” from the revolt that was brewing within the BJP after facing an electoral defeat in Bihar. “From the day he was born, Rahul Gandhi has held Indian citizenship and Indian passport and has never held citizenship of any other country nor has he represented as such,” Congress spokesman Randeep Surjewala said.

    20 retweets20 likes


  2. http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/rahul-declared-himself-a-british-national-says-bjp-leader-subramanian-swamy/article7884882.ece?homepage=true&css=print
  3.  Why is Buddhu obfuscating? He does not say my documents are forged- which show he is British citizen. So onus on him now to prove he is not.52 minutes ago
  4.  1 hour ago
    Buddhu did not deny he formed a company abroad without informing our Govt or declaring in affidavit to EC hence he is guilty on that alone!!
2 charges in my media conference: (1) Buddhu guilty illegally setting up a company abroad (2) British citizen: Admitted (1); & (2) he will !




















Buddhu was not just Director but a 65% share holder and Company Secretary.









All Annual Returns have to be signed by him. Show those to us

Rahul Gandhi could not answer questions on his MPhil degree. Rahul Gandhi now exposed of British nationality on tax returns.
Abhijit MajumderVerified account‏@abhijitmajumder






















































Who is Ulrik McKnight, the UK business partner of Rahul Gandhi in Backops Services? Not much known about him, isn't it?
 8 hours agoPanaji, Goa
He's Sonia Faleiro's husband.She writes for NYT with 0 disclosure.He's sr INC politico Eduardo Faleiro's son in law
 7 hours ago
What a fraud! Thr is no initial or date of change. Looks like they changed it today after 's expose

 9 hours ago
As director of British firm Rahul Gandhi must have been receiving annual statements of firm. Why did he not get his nationality corrected?
 14 hours ago
Look how a MP of our country is a citizen of some other Country. Litany of lies and deceits continues
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