Anyway, a Parker Solar Probe Mission has been launched by NASA in 2018, to test this theory. https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/parker-solar-probe/in-depth/
This blog offers its tributes to the enquiring astrophysicist ātman by invoking metaphors from the R̥gveda which have anticipated the theory Parker proposed to resolve an unsolved paradox in cosmic sciences..
R̥gveda is one of the great documents of human enquiry and offers metaphors which may help posit new theories in cosmology..
--Saranyu has been described as "the swift-speeding storm cloud" Will Parker Solar Probe provide answers to this fundamental phenomenon of swift-speeding by Saranyu? Isn't it amazing that Saranyu is a metaphor for a swift-speeding storm cloud? Is she a wind because she is associated with वायु 'wind divinity' -- the son-in-law of त्वष्टृ, the creator artisan?
-- सरण्यु mfn. quick , fleet , nimble (RV) f. N. of a daughter of त्वष्टृ (in RV. represented as the wife of विवस्वत् and mother of the two अश्विन्s , and accord. to some , of the twins यम and यमी , whom she brought forth in the form of a mare ; accord. to some also N. of the Dawn) RV. x , 17 , 2 (Monier-Williams) सरण saraṇa सरण a. [सृ-ल्युट्] Going, moving, flowing. -णम् 1 Proceeding, going or flowing. -2 Running, quick motion; आजेः सरणम् Ch. Up.1.3.5; आरोहे पर्यवस्कन्दे सरणे सान्तरप्लुते Mb.6.76.8;7.114.5. -3 Locomotion. -4 Iron rust.सरण्युः saraṇyuḥ सरण्युः [सृ-अन्युच् Uṇ.3.83] 1 Air, wind. -2 A cloud. -3 Water. -4 The spring. -5 Fire. -6 N. of Yama.(Apte)
-- Discovering solar wind...Will R̥gveda metaphors help? वायु the son-in-law of त्वष्टृ is a R̥gveda metaphor
R̥gveda is an intense enquiry into the phenomena of nature, including the pancabhuta or the ive elements which are the basic raison d'etre of physics. One such enquiry relates to the curious situation observed on the surface of the sun.
A scienc education site explains the phenomenon of the cooler photosphere (about 9,900 degrees F) compared to the Sun's atmosphere (corona) above the photosphere. In the region 500 kilometers above the photosphere, temperature increases very steeply from 9,900 degrees F to a few million degrees in the corona. Eugene Parker theorized that this phenomenon of steep rise in the temperature of the Sun's corona region is explained by a phenomenon of solar winds.
Solar Temperature Gradient Paradox![]()
From the e-book Universe Electric - The Sun
Credit: The Thunderbolts Project
"The photosphere is the visible "surface" of the Sun. The Sun is a giant ball of plasma (electrified gas), so it doesn't have a distinct, solid surface like Earth. Sunlight that is created by nuclear fusion in the Sun's core (center) gradually works it's way outward, colliding over and over with atoms in the Sun's interior. After a million-year journey, the sunlight finally reaches a level where the plasma is less dense and photons stop running into atoms and can finally escape into space. This level is what we see as the glowing "surface" of the Sun - the photosphere.
The area of the Sun's interior immediately below the photosphere is called the convection (or convective) zone. The lower section of the Sun's atmosphere, the chromosphere, lies above the photosphere."
https://scied.ucar.edu/sun-photosphere
Rgveda uses the metaphor of त्वष्टृ to explain the processes of creation and phenomena such as the winds called वायु .
Eugene Parker uses the metaphors of mathematics to explain the physics of wonder suggesting a theory which explains why the surface layer of the Sun is colder than the layer surrounding the corona -- an unusual phenomenon which defies the basic physical law of layers becoming colder as they move away from the core heat of the Sun..
वायु the god of the wind (often associated with इन्द्र in the ऋग्-वेद , as वात [q.v.] with पर्जन्य , but although of equal rank with इन्द्र , not occupying so prominent a position ; in the पुरुषसूक्त he is said to have sprung form the breath of पुरुष , and elsewhere is described as the son-in-law of त्वष्टृ ; be is said to move in a shining car drawn by a pair of red or purple horses or by several teams consisting of ninety-nine or a hundred or even a thousand horses [cf. नि-य्/उत्] ; he is often made to occupy the same chariot with इन्द्र , and in conjunction with him honoured with the first draught of the सोम libation ; he is rarely connected with the मरुत्s , although in i , 134 , 4 , he is said to have begotten them from the rivers of heaven ; he is regent of the नक्षत्र स्वाति and north-west quarter » लोक-पाल) (RV)
Tvaṣṭṛ is a solar deity in the Mahābhārata and the Harivaṃśa. He is mentioned as the son of Kāśyapa and Aditi and is said to have made the three worlds with pieces of the Surya. Saranyu has been described as "the swift-speeding storm cloud"; thus Saranyu is the wife of वायु.
![Suryadeva.jpg]()
RV 10.17.1 Griffith translation: TVASTAR prepares the bridal of his Daughter: all the world hears the tidings and assembles. But Yamas' Mother, Spouse of great Vivasvan, vanished as she was carried to her dwelling.
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अ॒द्भ्यः सम्भू॑तः पृथि॒व्यै रसा॓च्च । वि॒श्वक॑र्मणः॒ सम॑वर्त॒ताधि॑ । तस्य॒ त्वष्टा॑ वि॒दध॑द्रू॒पमे॑ति । तत्पुरु॑षस्य॒ विश्व॒माजा॑न॒मग्रे॓ ॥ Rigveda 10-82
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![Gene Parker]()
![Eugene Parker.jpg]()
Eugene Parker in 2018 at the launch of the solar probe that bears his name (Born: June 10, 1927)
Source: https://news.uchicago.edu/story/award-honors-prof-eugene-parkers-lifetime-physics-research ...“solar wind” carries charged particles from the surface of the sun, is the theory proposed by Eugene Newman Parker. The editor of the Astrophysical Journal, Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, overruled the reviewers and published the paper which referred to this theory of Parker.https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=128&v=WH_TC9VzMUA
- Over seven years, the spacecraft will complete 24 orbits around the Sun.
- At its closest approach, the spacecraft will come within about 3.9 million miles (6.2 million kilometers) of the Sun. "uring its journey, the mission will provide answers to long-standing questions that have puzzled scientists for more than 60 years: Why is the corona much hotter than the Sun's surface (the photosphere)? How does the solar wind accelerate? What are the sources of high-energy solar particles?"
NASA offered an extraordinary tribute by naming one of its solar missions after a great , living astrophysicist, Eugene Parker. See: https://astro.uchicago.edu/people/eugene-n-parker.php
This blog offers its tributes to the enquiring astrophysicist ātman by invoking metaphors from the R̥gveda which have anticipated the theory Parker proposed to resolve an unsolved paradox in cosmic sciences..
R̥gveda is one of the great documents of human enquiry and offers metaphors which may help posit new theories in cosmology..
--Saranyu has been described as "the swift-speeding storm cloud" Will Parker Solar Probe provide answers to this fundamental phenomenon of swift-speeding by Saranyu? Isn't it amazing that Saranyu is a metaphor for a swift-speeding storm cloud? Is she a wind because she is associated with वायु 'wind divinity' -- the son-in-law of त्वष्टृ, the creator artisan?
-- सरण्यु mfn. quick , fleet , nimble (RV) f. N. of a daughter of त्वष्टृ (in RV. represented as the wife of विवस्वत् and mother of the two अश्विन्s , and accord. to some , of the twins यम and यमी , whom she brought forth in the form of a mare ; accord. to some also N. of the Dawn) RV. x , 17 , 2 (Monier-Williams) सरण saraṇa सरण a. [सृ-ल्युट्] Going, moving, flowing. -णम् 1 Proceeding, going or flowing. -2 Running, quick motion; आजेः सरणम् Ch. Up.1.3.5; आरोहे पर्यवस्कन्दे सरणे सान्तरप्लुते Mb.6.76.8;7.114.5. -3 Locomotion. -4 Iron rust.सरण्युः saraṇyuḥ सरण्युः [सृ-अन्युच् Uṇ.3.83] 1 Air, wind. -2 A cloud. -3 Water. -4 The spring. -5 Fire. -6 N. of Yama.(Apte)
-- Discovering solar wind...Will R̥gveda metaphors help? वायु the son-in-law of त्वष्टृ is a R̥gveda metaphor
R̥gveda is an intense enquiry into the phenomena of nature, including the pancabhuta or the ive elements which are the basic raison d'etre of physics. One such enquiry relates to the curious situation observed on the surface of the sun.
A scienc education site explains the phenomenon of the cooler photosphere (about 9,900 degrees F) compared to the Sun's atmosphere (corona) above the photosphere. In the region 500 kilometers above the photosphere, temperature increases very steeply from 9,900 degrees F to a few million degrees in the corona. Eugene Parker theorized that this phenomenon of steep rise in the temperature of the Sun's corona region is explained by a phenomenon of solar winds.
Solar Temperature Gradient Paradox
From the e-book Universe Electric - The Sun
Credit: The Thunderbolts Project
"The photosphere is the visible "surface" of the Sun. The Sun is a giant ball of plasma (electrified gas), so it doesn't have a distinct, solid surface like Earth. Sunlight that is created by nuclear fusion in the Sun's core (center) gradually works it's way outward, colliding over and over with atoms in the Sun's interior. After a million-year journey, the sunlight finally reaches a level where the plasma is less dense and photons stop running into atoms and can finally escape into space. This level is what we see as the glowing "surface" of the Sun - the photosphere.
The temperature of the photosphere is around 5,500° C (about 9,900° F). The photosphere is much cooler than the Sun's core, which has a temperature well above 10 million degrees. Surprisingly, the photosphere is also much cooler than the Sun's atmosphere above it, which has regions with temperatures ranging up to a couple of million degrees. There is some variation in temperature from place to place in the photosphere - for example, sunspots are relatively cool regions with temperatures as low as 3,000 to 4,500° C (5,400 to 8,100° F).
https://scied.ucar.edu/sun-photosphere
Rgveda uses the metaphor of त्वष्टृ to explain the processes of creation and phenomena such as the winds called वायु .
Eugene Parker uses the metaphors of mathematics to explain the physics of wonder suggesting a theory which explains why the surface layer of the Sun is colder than the layer surrounding the corona -- an unusual phenomenon which defies the basic physical law of layers becoming colder as they move away from the core heat of the Sun..
वायु the god of the wind (often associated with इन्द्र in the ऋग्-वेद , as वात [q.v.] with पर्जन्य , but although of equal rank with इन्द्र , not occupying so prominent a position ; in the पुरुषसूक्त he is said to have sprung form the breath of पुरुष , and elsewhere is described as the son-in-law of त्वष्टृ ; be is said to move in a shining car drawn by a pair of red or purple horses or by several teams consisting of ninety-nine or a hundred or even a thousand horses [cf. नि-य्/उत्] ; he is often made to occupy the same chariot with इन्द्र , and in conjunction with him honoured with the first draught of the सोम libation ; he is rarely connected with the मरुत्s , although in i , 134 , 4 , he is said to have begotten them from the rivers of heaven ; he is regent of the नक्षत्र स्वाति and north-west quarter » लोक-पाल) (RV)
Tvaṣṭṛ is a solar deity in the Mahābhārata and the Harivaṃśa. He is mentioned as the son of Kāśyapa and Aditi and is said to have made the three worlds with pieces of the Surya. Saranyu has been described as "the swift-speeding storm cloud"; thus Saranyu is the wife of वायु.
Surya with consorts Saranyu and Chhaya (Divinities of Clouds and Dusk)
Saranyu (Saraṇyū; Saranya) — also known as Sanjana, Sangna, Sauri, Randal and Ravi Randal — is a Hindu goddess (devi) and a daughter of Vishvakarman/Tvastar and Virocanā(daughter of Prahrāda was the wife of Tvastr) (Brahmanda Purana, III.59) Saranyu and her sister Chhaya are the wives of Lord Surya, the Hindu Sun god.
RV 10.17.1 Griffith translation: TVASTAR prepares the bridal of his Daughter: all the world hears the tidings and assembles. But Yamas' Mother, Spouse of great Vivasvan, vanished as she was carried to her dwelling.
अ॒द्भ्यः सम्भू॑तः पृथि॒व्यै रसा॓च्च । वि॒श्वक॑र्मणः॒ सम॑वर्त॒ताधि॑ । तस्य॒ त्वष्टा॑ वि॒दध॑द्रू॒पमे॑ति । तत्पुरु॑षस्य॒ विश्व॒माजा॑न॒मग्रे॓ ॥ Rigveda 10-82
Eugene Parker in 2018 at the launch of the solar probe that bears his name (Born: June 10, 1927)Source: https://news.uchicago.edu/story/award-honors-prof-eugene-parkers-lifetime-physics-research ...“solar wind” carries charged particles from the surface of the sun, is the theory proposed by Eugene Newman Parker. The editor of the Astrophysical Journal, Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, overruled the reviewers and published the paper which referred to this theory of Parker.https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=128&v=WH_TC9VzMUA