https://tinyurl.com/y3a4q9nqm393
The field symbol of seal m91 is spiny-horned young bull PLUS standard device. The field symbol is read rebus as khonda singi 'young bull, spiny-horned' rebus: kunda, konda 'fire-altar'; kunda 'fine gold' PLUS singi 'ornament gold' PLUS सांगड sāṅgaḍa m f (संघट्ट S) f A body formed of two or more (fruits, animals, men) linked or joined together. rebus: sangarh 'fortification' PLUS the joined together parts as hieroglyphs: kunda 'lathe' rebus: kuna 'fine gold' PLUS kammata 'portable furnace' rebus: kammaTa 'mint, coiner, coinage'. Thus, the field symbol of m91 is a fortified mint of fine gold, ornament gold..
From these Indus Script inscriptions (m91, m1101 and m393, the folllwing hypertexts are given as examples of multiple arms of deva (in Sullivan's readings of the inscriptions).:
Sullivan tries to explain the hieroglyphs as deva with multiple arms. An alternative reading in Meluhha rebus metalwork categories is presented in this monograph.
m393 has a hypertext ![]()
which is composed of Sign 150![]()
ligatured with harrow hieroglyph and two splinters on top and bottom registers of Sign 150.
which is composed of Sign 150
ligatured with harrow hieroglyph and two splinters on top and bottom registers of Sign 150.This composition is read rebus: dATu 'cross' rebus: dhatu 'mineral ore' PLUS ![]()
Hieroglyph: harrow: maĩd ʻrude harrow or clod breakerʼ (Marathi) rebus: mẽṛhẽt, meḍ 'iron'. Thus, iron ore workshop (for iron casting) is signified with the addition of " splinter sal 'splinter' rebus: sal 'workshop' PLUS dula 'duplicated splinter' rebus: dul 'metal casting'. Thus, iron casting workshop is signified.
m1101. This seal shows a hypertext Sign 393.
The Sign 393 is composed of the hieroglyphs: " splinter hieroglyph; arch hieroglyph' spoked wheel hieroglyph.
Sign 391 Spoked wheel hieroglyph.Arch hieroglyph: manḍa 'arbour,canopy' Rebus: maNDA 'warehouse, workshop' (Konkani)\
M. mã̄ḍav m. ʻ pavilion' maṇḍa
2. Ko. māṁṭav ʻ open pavilion ʼ.3. H. mã̄ḍhā, māṛhā, mãḍhā m. ʻ temporary shed, arbour ʼ (cf. OMarw. māḍhivo in 1); -- Ku. mã̄ṛā m.pl. ʻ shed, resthouse ʼ (or <
*
ara 'spokes' rebus: ara 'brass';cf. erka = ekke (Tbh of arka), aka (Tbh. of arka 'copper (metal), crystal' (Kannada); expanded in expression agasale as goldsmith workshop. erako 'moltencast copper' Splinter as duplicate: dula 'pair' rebus: dul 'metal casting'. THus, copper, brass casting, work in gold. The field symbol zebu signifies: पोळा [ pōḷā ] 'zebu, bos indicus taurus' rebus: पोळा [ pōḷā ] '
Earliest depiction of a multiple limbed deva: two heads, four arms, four legs. Decipherment according to Sue Sullivan's book "Indus Script Dictionary".First posted by Wim Borsboom in 2011.
Hieroglyph: harrow: maĩdʻrude harrow or clod breakerʼ (Marathi) rebus: mẽṛhẽt, meḍ 'iron'
This sign 172 is read rebus as: dula 'pair' rebus: dul 'metal casting' PLUS maĩd ʻrude harrow or clod breakerʼ (Marathi) rebus: mẽṛhẽt, meḍ 'iron'. Thus, together, read rebus as: dul mẽṛhẽt cast iron -- attested as a Santali expression meaning 'cast iron'..
Sign 403 is a duplication of Sign 373;
Sign 407 is a duplication Sign 373 with an inlaid slanted
dula 'pair' rebus: dul 'metal casting' PLUS mũhã̄ 'bun ingot' Sign 373 has the shape of oval or lozenge is the shape of a bun ingot. mũhã̄ = the quantity of iron produced at one time in a furnace. PLUS dhāḷ 'slanted stroke' rebus: dhāḷako 'ingot'. Thus, Sign 407 is read as: mũhã̄ dhāḷako 'bun- or oval-shaped ingot'.
aya 'fish' rebus: ayas 'alloy metal' PLUS dhal 'slanted' rebus: dhalako 'large metal ingot'.. Thus the Sign 59 with an infix of slant signifies large alloy metal ingot.
pajhaṛ = to sprout from a root (Santali); Rebus:pasra'smithy, forge' (Santali)
Duplicated Sign 171 is Sign 172 PLUS lozenge shape: muh rebus: muh 'ingot'. Thus the ligatured hypertext, 5th sign from right reads: ingot smithy. The last sign reads pajhar 'sprout' rebus: pasra 'smithy, forge'.
Text 310 m0391
m0391 List of workshop supercargo items: smithy/forge metal ingots, metal castings, bronze castings, metal castings with minerals, Supercargo, scribe, account. Bronze metal castings, bronze and alloy metal ingots, Ingot smithy, guild.kolom 'sprout, rice plant' Rebus: kolimi 'smithy, forge' pajhar 'sprout' rebus: pasra 'smithy'
mū̃h ‘ingot’ (Santali) dula 'pair' Rebus: dul 'cast metal' Thus, cast metal ingot.
Notes: dula 'pair' Rebus: dul 'cast metal' Ellipse is split into two curves of parenthesis: ( ) Thus, dula 'cast metal' signified by the curves joined into an ellipse.
dula ‘pair’ Rebus: dul ‘cast (metal)’ PLUS kana, kanac = corner (Santali); Rebus: kañcu = bronze (Telugu) Thus, cast bronze or bronze casting.
dATu 'cross' rebus: dhatu 'mineral' PLUS N. dã̄t (< *dã̄d in N. dã̄de ʻ harrow' rebus: dhatu 'mineral' (Thus, a phonetic determinative) PLUS dula 'two' rebus: dul 'metal casting'. Together, the hypertext reds; dul dhatu 'metal casting with minerals'.
kanka, karNaka 'rim of jar' rebus: karNI 'supercargo, scribe, account'
dula 'pair' rebus: dul 'metal casting' PLUS kuṭila ‘bent’; rebus: kuṭila, katthīl = bronze (8 parts copper and 2 parts tin) PLUS mū̃h ‘ingot’ (Santali) Thus, cast bronze ingots.
kolmo 'three' rebus: kolimi 'smithy, forge'
ayo 'fish' rebus: aya 'iron' ayas 'metal' PLUS DhAL 'slanted' rebus ḍhāḷako 'large ingot' .Thus, alloy metal ingot.
mū̃h ‘ingot’ (Santali) PLUS (infixed) kolom 'sprout, rice plant' Rebus: kolimi 'smithy, forge' Thus, ingot smithy
kanac 'corner' rebus: kancu 'bronze' PLUS sal 'splinter' rebus: sal 'workshop' Thus, bronze workshop.
kAru 'pincer' rebus: kAru 'artisan'
Or. khura ʻ hoof, foot ʼ, °rā ʻ hoof, leg ʼ; Mth. khūr, khurī ʻ hoof ʼ, Bhoj. khur; H. khur m. Rebus:khũṭ
‘community, guild’ (Santali)
https://tinyurl.com/y6thjmw8
This is an addendum to:
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Hieroglyph: harrow: maĩd ʻrude harrow or clod breakerʼ (Marathi) rebus: mẽṛhẽt, meḍ 'iron'
pajhaṛ = to sprout from a root (Santali); Rebus:pasra 'smithy, forge' (Santali)
![]()
Sign 403 is a duplication of Sign 373;![]()
Sign 407 is a duplication Sign 373 with an inlaid slanted stroke.dhāḷ 'slanted stroke' rebus: dhāḷako 'ingot'![]()
dula 'pair' rebus: dul 'metal casting' PLUS mũhã̄ 'bun ingot' Sign 373 has the shape of oval or lozenge is the shape of a bun ingot. mũhã̄ = the quantity of iron produced at one time in a furnace. PLUS dhāḷ 'slanted stroke' rebus: dhāḷako 'ingot'. Thus, Sign 407 is read as: mũhã̄ dhāḷako 'bun- or oval-shaped ingot'.
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Variant of Sign 247![]()
This is explained as 'four divisions' with inlaid 'notch' hieroglyph. खांडा [ khāṇḍā ] m A jag, notch, or indentation (as upon the edge of a tool or weapon). (Marathi) Rebus: khāṇḍā 'tools, pots and pans' This is a semantic determinative of four divisions of a square: khaṇḍa 'division', gaṇḍa 'four' rebus: hāṇḍā 'tools, pots and pans'
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This sign 172 is read rebus as: dula 'pair' rebus: dul 'metal casting' PLUS maĩd ʻrude harrow or clod breakerʼ (Marathi) rebus: mẽṛhẽt, meḍ 'iron'. Thus, together, read rebus as: dul mẽṛhẽt cast iron -- attested as a Santali expression meaning 'cast iron'..![]()
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harrow: maĩd ʻrude harrow or clod breakerʼ (Marathi) rebus: mẽṛhẽt, meḍ 'iron'
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ato 'claws or pincers (chelae) of crabs'; ḍaṭom, ḍiṭom to seize with the claws or pincers, as crabs, scorpions; Rebus: dhatu 'mineral ore'.
This is an addendum to:
Khirsara provides archaeometallurgical evidence of
1. rudimentary, practical knowledge of litharge, 2. metaphor of Samudramanthanam narrative and 3. an evolutionary History of Hindu Chemistry
Thanks to Nirjhar Mukhopadhyaya for identifying the continuity of an Indus Script hieroglyph on punch-marked coins on this Facebook post:
Harappan seal from Khirsara with Indus script symbols. Note the symbol in the circle, now the same symbol occurs in later punch-marked coins of Magadha Janapada. Keezhadi isn't the only site with symbols resembling Indus signs. Via A.S.
See also: https://www.facebook.com/groups/416065382227600/permalink/694801307687338/
See also: https://www.facebook.com/groups/416065382227600/permalink/694801307687338/
pajhaṛ = to sprout from a root (Santali); Rebus:pasra 'smithy, forge' (Santali)
Sign 403 is a duplication of Sign 373; Sign 407 is a duplication Sign 373 with an inlaid slanted stroke.dhāḷ 'slanted stroke' rebus: dhāḷako 'ingot'
Variant of Sign 247
This is explained as 'four divisions' with inlaid 'notch' hieroglyph. खांडा [ khāṇḍā ] m A jag, notch, or indentation (as upon the edge of a tool or weapon). (Marathi) Rebus: khāṇḍā 'tools, pots and pans' This is a semantic determinative of four divisions of a square: khaṇḍa 'division', gaṇḍa 'four' rebus: hāṇḍā 'tools, pots and pans' Duplicated harrow: ![]()
Duplicated Sign 171 is Sign 172
Duplicated Sign 171 is Sign 172 This sign 172 is read rebus as: dula 'pair' rebus: dul 'metal casting' PLUS maĩd ʻrude harrow or clod breakerʼ (Marathi) rebus: mẽṛhẽt, meḍ 'iron'. Thus, together, read rebus as: dul mẽṛhẽt cast iron -- attested as a Santali expression meaning 'cast iron'..aya 'fish' rebus: ayas 'alloy metal'
harrow: maĩd ʻrude harrow or clod breakerʼ (Marathi) rebus: mẽṛhẽt, meḍ 'iron'ḍ
Thus, the Khirasara tablet signifies a metalwork catalogue of a smithy/forge:
dhatu 'mineral ore'
mẽṛhẽt, meḍ 'iron'
ayas 'alloy metal'
dul med 'cast iron'.
खांडा [ khāṇḍā ] m A jag, notch, or indentation (as upon the edge of a tool or weapon). (Marathi) Rebus: khāṇḍā 'tools, pots and pans' This is a semantic determinative of four divisions of a square: khaṇḍa 'division', gaṇḍa 'four'rebus: hāṇḍā 'tools, pots and pans'
mũhã̄ dhāḷako 'bun- or oval-shaped ingot'.
pasra 'smithy, forge'
This explains why the square divided into four segments with an inlaid 'notch' hieroglyph continues to be used on punch-marked coins of mints.