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Narratives of Leaping tigers with open mouths, Indus Script hypertexts of pahārā ʻgoldsmith's workshopʼ

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Open mouth of tigers signify vyōkarḥ व्योकरः A blacksmith and 
प्र-सार opening (the mouth)(वोपदेव) rebus: a trader's shop (नलचम्पू or दमयन्तीकथा):

Veda texts detail Metals Age (from ca. 5th millennium BCE) migrations from Sarasvati River basin, of Videgha Māthava and Gotama Rāhugaa into Ganga (Videha)-Brahmaputra (Karatoya) river basins. Archaeological explorations validate the narrative in ancient sacred texts of the Hindu civilization. Bogara, a metals age site on Karatoya river signifies bogara 'blacksmith'. 
vyōkarḥ व्योकरः A blacksmith; व्योकाराःशौल्विकास्तथाŚiva B.31.17. (Apte) व्यो-कार m. (prob.) " making the sound व्यो " , a blacksmith Hcar. (Monier-Williams) शुल्व N. of a परिशिष्ट Cat. L. also " copper ". Thus, bogara signifies both iron- and copper-smiths. शुल्व  (or शुल्ब) also means n. (also m. and 
or ().) ‘a string , cord , rope’ (सुश्रुतसूर्यसिद्धान्तभागवत-पुराण). Thus,  शुल्व sutra are texts of geometry (measurement of lengths), and also of working with ‘copper’.

Image result for tiger indus scriptImage result for tiger indus script

प्र-सार opening (the mouth)(वोपदेव) rebus: a trader's shop (नलचम्पू or दमयन्तीकथा)

Text message 1: Hieroglyph ḍhaṁkaṇa 'lid' rebus dhakka 'excellent, bright, blazing metal article' PLUS khanda kanka (karnaka)  'equipment scribe account' of kod 'horn' rebus: kod 'workshop' (of) kola 'tiger' kolhe 'smelter'.

Text message 2: kuti 'water-carrier' rebus: kuthi 'smelter' PLUS kolom 'three' rebus: kolimi 'smithy, forge' PLUS gaNDa 'four' rebus: khanda 'equipment' PLUS kolom 'three' rebus: kolimi 'smithy, forge' PLUS heraka 'spy' rebus: eraka 'metal infusion' arka 'gold, copper'. Thus smelter smithy of ironsmith, goldsmith working with metal infusion.
Hieroglyph: Branch of tree: To. kw (obl. kw-) horn, branch, path across stream in thicket. Ka. kōu horn, tusk, branch of a tree; kōr̤ horn.(DEDR 2200) heraka ‘spy’ Rebus: eraka ‘copper, molten cast'

kola 'tiger' rebus: kol 'working in iron' kolhe 'smelter'
krammara 'look back' rebus: kamar 'blacksmith'. Thus, kol pasar 'tiger open mouth' rebus: kol pasar iron smelter trader's shop'
kui 'water-carrier' rebus: kuhi 'smelter'


Hieroglyph: horns:
கோடு kōu : நடுநிலைநீங்குகை. கோடிறீக்கூற்றம்(நாலடி, 5). 3. [K. kōu.] Tusk; யானைபன்றிகளின்தந்தம். மத்தயானையின்கோடும் (தேவா. 39, 1). 4. Horn; விலங்கின்கொம்பு. கோட்டிடையாடினைகூத்து (திவ். இயற். திருவிருத். 21). 
Ta. kōu (in cpds. kōṭṭu-) horn, tusk, branch of tree, cluster, bunch, coil of hair, line, diagram, bank of stream or pool; kuvau branch of a tree; kōṭṭā, kōṭṭuvā rock horned-owl (cf. 1657 Ta. kuiñai). Ko. k (obl. k-) horns (one horn is kob), half of hair on each side of parting, side in game, log, section of bamboo used as fuel, line marked out. To. kw(obl. kw-) horn, branch, path across stream in thicket. Ka. kōu horn, tusk, branch of a tree; kōr̤ horn. Tu. kōů, kōu horn. Te. kōu rivulet, branch of a river. Pa. kō (pl. kōul) horn (DEDR 2200) Rebus: ko  = artisans workshop (Kuwi)
Hieroglyph:Split parenthesis (is a hieroglyph created from an oval glyph): mũh metal ingot (Santali) mũhã̄ = the quantity of iron produced at one time in a native smelting furnace of the Kolhes; iron produced by the Kolhes and formed like a four-cornered piece a little pointed at each end; mūhā mẽht = iron smelted by the Kolhes and formed into an equilateral lump a little pointed at each of four ends; kolhe tehen mht ko mūhā akata = the Kolhes have to-day produced pig iron (Santali) PLUS dhakka 'lid' rebus: dhakka 'bright'. Thus, bright metal ingot.

Sign 342. kaṇḍa kanka 'rim of jar' (Santali): karaka rim of jar(Skt.) Rebus: karaka scribe, accountant (Te.); gaaka id. (Skt.) (Santali) copper fire-altar scribe (account)(Skt.) Rebus: kaṇḍfire-altar (Santali) Thus, the 'rim of jar' ligatured glyph is read rebus: fire-altar (furnace) scribe (account)
Pasaramu 'cattle' పసరము pasaramu or పసలము pasaramu. [Tel.] n. A beast, an animal. గోమహిషహాతి.  rebus: pajhar 'smelter, smithy', rebus: పసారము pasāramu or పసారు pasārdmu. [Tel.] n. A shop. associated triplets of hypertext clusters. Thus, clusters of animals (expanded also as a composite animal or animals shown in procession) are wealth-accounting classifiers of distinct metalwork categories related to a smelter or a smithy.  prasara m. ʻ advance, extension ʼ Kālid. [√sr̥]Pk. pasara -- m. ʻ extension ʼ; Ku. pasar ʻ extension of family, lineage, family, household ʼ; N. pasal ʻ booth, shop ʼ; B. Or. pasarā ʻ tray of goods for sale ʼ; M. pasar m. ʻ extension ʼ; -- N. pasar ʻ the two hands placed together to receive something, one hand so held out ʼ, H. pasar m. ʻ hollowed palm of hand ʼ: rather < prasr̥ta -- .(CDIAL 8824) prasāra m. ʻ extension ʼ Suśr., ʻ trader's shop ʼ Nalac. [Cf. prasārayati ʻ spreads out for sale ʼ Mn. -- √sr̥] Paš. lāsar ʻ bench -- like flower beds outside the window ʼ IIFL iii 3, 113; K. pasār m. ʻ rest ʼ (semant. cf. prásarati in Ku. N. Aw.); P. puhārā m. ʻ breaking out (of fever, smallpox, &c.) ʼ; Ku. pasāro ʻ extension, bigness, extension of family or property, lineage, family, household ʼ; N. pasār ʻ extension ʼ; B. pasār ʻ extent of practice in business, popularity ʼ, Or. pasāra; H. pasārā m. ʻ stretching out, expansion ʼ ( P. pasārā m.; S. pasāro m. ʻ expansion, crowd ʼ), G. pasār°rɔ m., M. pasārā; -- K. pasôru m. ʻ petty shopkeeper ʼ; P. pahārā m. ʻ goldsmith's workshop ʼ; A. pohār ʻ small shop ʼ; -- Centre: S. pasāru m. ʻ spices ʼ; P. pasār -- haṭṭā m. ʻ druggist's shop ʼ; -- X payaśā -- : Ku. pansārī f. ʻ grocer's shop ʼ.(CDIAL 8835)

FS Fig. 53 FS Fig. 52FS Fig. 104

Scarfed, lady with markhor horn and twig ligatured to tiger: dhatu 'scarf' rebus: dhatu 'mineral ore' PLUS kola 'lady' rebus: kol 'working in iron' (Semantic determinative) PLUS kola 'tiger' rebus: kol 'working in iron' kolhe 'smelter' PLUS miṇḍāl 'markhor' rebus: mẽṛhet 'iron' (Santali) med 'copper' (Slavic languages) PLUS  kūdī 'twig' kuṭhi 'smelter'.

Narrative 1: Tiger leaps: kol kõdā rebus: kolhe kō̃da कोँद 'smelter kiln' 


kola 'tiger' rebus: kol 'working in iron' kolhe 'smelter' (A semantic determinative of the woman holding back the leaping tigers).

kol pasar 'tiger open mouth' rebus: kol pasar iron smelter trader's shop'.

कोल्हा [ kōlhā ] कोल्हें [ kōlhēṃ ] 'tiger' Rebus: kolhe 'smelter' (Santali) Ta. kol working in iron, blacksmith; kollaṉ blacksmith. Ma. kollan blacksmith, artificer. Ko. kole·l smithy, temple in Kota village; kolhali to forge (Kuwi)(DEDR 2133)

 

B. kũdā, kõdā 'to leap'; Or. kudibā ʻ to jump, dance ʼ; Mth. kūdab ʻ to jump ʼ, Aw. lakh. kūdab, H. kūdnā, OMarw. kūdaï, G. kūrda m. ʻ jump ʼ, gūrda -- m. ʻ jump ʼ Kāṭh. [√kūrd] S. kuḍ̠u m. ʻ leap ʼ, N. kud, Or. kuda, °dā, kudā -- kudi ʻ jumping about ʼ. kūˊrdati ʻ leaps, jumps ʼ MBh. [gūˊrdati, khūˊrdatē Dhātup.: prob. ← Drav. (Tam. kuti, Kan. gudi ʻ to spring ʼ) T. Burrow BSOAS xii 375]S. kuḍ̠aṇu ʻ to leap ʼ; L. kuḍ̠aṇ ʻ to leap, frisk, play ʼ; P. kuddṇā ʻ to leap ʼ, Ku. kudṇo, N. kudnu, (CDIAL 3411, 3412) 

 

Rebus 1: kunda 'fine gold', 'Kubera's treasure'

 

Rebus 2: kō̃da कोँद  कुलालादिकन्दुः f. a kiln; a potter's kiln (Rām. 1446; H. xi, 11); a brick-kiln (Śiv. 133); a lime-kiln. -bal -बल्  कुलालादिकन्दुस्थानम् m. the place where a kiln is erected, a brick or potter's kiln (Gr.Gr. 165). -- khasüñü -- खस&above;ञू&below;  कुलालादिकन्दुयथावद्भावः f.inf. a kiln to arise; met. to become like such a kiln (which contains no imperfectly baked articles, but only well-made perfectly baked ones), hence, a collection of good ('pucka') articles or qualities to exist. Cf. Śiv. 133, where the causal form of the verb is used. (Kashmiri)


 

Lady holding back the leaping tigers: kola 'woman' rebus: kol 'working in iron' kolhe 'smelter', kole.l 'smithy, forge'FS Fig. 105 Two tigers leap:dula 'pair' rebus: dul 'metal casting' PLUS Tiger leaps: kol kõdā rebus: kolhe kō̃da कोँद 'smelter kiln' PLUS panja 'claw of beast, feline paw' rebus: panja 'kiln' (Semantic determinative). kola 'lady' rebus: kol 'working in iron' The iris of the is plal 'iris of the eye' (Gaw.)(CDIAL 8711) a pronuciation variant is provided by pā̆hār ʻsunshine' in Nepali. If this phonetic form pāhār explains the hieroglyph 'iris of the eye', the rebus reading is: pahārā m. ʻgoldsmith's workshopʼ(Punjabi)(CDIAL 8835).
Images show a figure strangling two tigers with his bare hands.

Six locks on hair of woman:
 bhaṭa ‘six’rebus: baṭa ‘furnace' PLUS kola 'woman' rebus: kol 'working in iron'. Thus, iron furnace.
Hieroglyph 'hinder', 'thwart', 'obstruct': Ta. taṭu (-pp-, -tt-) to hinder, stop, obstruct, forbid, prohibit, resist, dam, block up, partition off, curb, check, restrain, control, ward off, avert; n. hindering, checking, resisting; taṭuppu hindering, obstructing, resisting, restraint; taṭakku (taṭakki-) to be obstructed, impeded, detained; obstruct, hinder, detain; n. obstacle, hindrance, impediment, obstruction; taṭaṅku (taṭaṅki-) to be obstructed; taṭavu prison; taṭukkal stumbling block, impediment; taṭukku (taṭukki-) to obstruct, impede; n. impediment; taṭai (-v-, -nt-) to hinder, stop; (-pp-, -tt-) id.; n. resisting, obstructing, hindrance, obstacle, impediment, objection, coat of mail, guard, watch, door, gate, bund, embankment; taṭṭu (taṭṭi-) to obstruct, hinder, ward off, oppose, frustrate; n. warding off, averting, impediment, frustration; taṇṭal obstruction, hindrance, resisting, opposing; taṇṭu (taṇṭi-) to be hindered. Ma. taṭa resistance, warding off (as with a shield), what impedes, resists, stays, or stops, a prop; taṭa-kūṭuka to hinder; taṭaṅṅal hindrance, stoppage; taṭaccal impeding, stop, stumbling; taṭayuka to be obstructed, stop between, stop; taṭavu what resists, wards off, a prison; taṭassu obstruction, hindrance; taṭukkuka to stop, hinder; taṭekka to stop; taṭṭuka to ward off, beat off, oppose. Ko. taṛv- (taṛt-) to obstruct, stop; taṛ, taṛv obstruction. To. taṛf- (taṛt-) to delay, prevent, screen; taṛ prevention, screen; taḍgïl hindrance, obstruction, delay. Ka. taḍa impeding, check, impediment, obstacle, delay; taḍata act of restraining, state of being stopped (as water), wearing well (cloth); taḍapa delay, slowness; taḍapu hindrance, impediment; taḍavu to stop; n. delay; taḍasu to stay, wait; stop, hinder, impede, cause to halt or stop; taḍahu stop, cessation; taḍisu to stop, detain, hinder, keep off; taḍe to delay, wait, stop, detain, restrain, check, keep down, endure, bear patiently, last, wear well (cloth, etc.); n. check, impediment, obstacle, restraint. Koḍ. taḍe- (taḍev-, taḍand-) to be obstructed (by person or thing); taḍï- (taḍïp-, taḍït-) to stop, obstruct, endure; taḍu lateness, delay. Tu. taḍavu delay, hindrance, impediment; a slowcoach or dilatory person; taḍè hindrance, obstacle, a charm for serpents; taḍepāvuni to hinder, impede, obstruct; taḍepini, taḍepuni to hold off, hinder, keep back, prevent, stop, oppose; taḍeppu stoppage, resistance, anything put up to stop a passage; taḍeyuni, taḍevuni to halt, stop, tarry, bear, endure; taḍevu a halt, stopping, tarrying, impediment, hindrance; taḍevoṇuni to bear, suffer, be patient; daḍè an obstacle, hindrance; taṭṭaṅků id. Te. taḍayu to delay; taḍa hindrance, obstruction, prevention; taḍavu delay, loss of time; taṭāyincu to hinder, prevent. Go. (Ma.) taṭṭi bund, dam (Voc. 1474). Kur. ṭaṇḍnā to prevent, hinder, impede. Br. taḍ power to resist.(DEDR 3031) 

Rebus: dhatu 'mineral ore'.. Thus, woman with six locks of hair and engaged in act of thwarting jumping tigers signifies: kol dhatu baṭa ‘iron mineral ore furnace’.


Textmessage 1,2,3,4 on leaping tigers narratives:

Text message 1


Text message 2

Text message 3

Text message 1

Pa. kaṇḍa 'arrow' rebus: khaṇḍa 'tools, pots and pans'
aya 'fish' rebus: ayas 'alloy metal'
sal 'splinter' rebus: sal 'workshop
sangaḍa, 'lathe-brazier' + kunda 'lathe' PLUS kammata 'portable furnace' rebus: sangar 'trade'+ kunda 'fine gold' PLUS kammaTa 'mint, coiner, coinage'

Thus, the text message is workshop with portable furnace producing alloy metal for trade.


Text message 2:

Shape of rhombus or bun ingot: mũh rebus: mũha 'ingot'the quantity of iron produced at one time from a furnace'
sangaḍa, 'lathe-brazier' + kunda 'lathe' PLUS kammata 'portable furnace' rebus: sangar 'trade'+ kunda 'fine gold' PLUS kammaTa 'mint, coiner, coinage'
 hieroglyph: 'rim of jar'kanda kanka (karnaka)  'equipment scribe account' PLUS खांडा [ khāṇḍā ] A jag, notch, or indentation (as upon the edge of a tool or weapon). (Marathi) Rebus: khaṇḍa 'tools, pots and pans'. Thus, 'equipment scribe acccount" (The jag is a semantic determinative of 'equipment')
Rhombus or oval bun-ingot shape: mũh rebus: mũha 'ingot'the quantity of iron produced at one time from a furnace' PLUS खांडा [ khāṇḍā ] A jag, notch, or indentation (as upon the edge of a tool or weapon). (Marathi) Rebus: khaṇḍa 'tools, pots and pans'. Thus, ingots from furnace.
ḍato = claws of crab (Santali); dhātu = mineral (Skt.) 
 hieroglyph: 'rim of jar'kanda kanka (karnaka)  'equipment scribe account' 
kole.l 'temple' rebs: kole.l 'smithy, forge' 

Thus, the text message is smithy, forge (producing) equipment, ingots, fine gold for trrade from Mint

Text message 3:

 hieroglyph: 'rim of jar': kanda kanka (karnaka)  'equipment scribe account'
kuṭi 'curve; rebus: कुटिल kuṭila, katthīl (8 parts copper, 2 parts tin)
dula 'two' rebus: dul 'metal casting'
kuṭi = a. slice, a bit, a small piece' (Santali) rebus: kuṭhi 'smelter' PLUS खांडा [ khāṇḍā ] A jag, notch, or indentation (as upon the edge of a tool or weapon). (Marathi) Rebus: khaṇḍa 'tools, pots and pans', Thus, kuṭi khaṇḍa equipment from smelter.
ḍato = claws of crab (Santali); dhātu = mineral (Skt.) 

Thus, the text message is smithy, forge (producing) equipment, ingots, fine gold AND alloy कुटिल kuṭila, katthīl (8 parts copper, 2 parts tin)for trrade from Mint.


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