https://www.academia.edu/40147001/On_Indus_Script_twenty-four_short_strokes_signify_24_artisans_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82_n%C4%81r%C5%ABk%C4%81r%C5%AB_village_officers
Twelve and twenty-four short strokes of Indus Script ignify 24 नारूकारू nārūkārū, village artisans including metalcasters'
A cylinder seal discovered in Susa dated ca. 2600 to 1700 BCE signifies a guild-master and 12 village artisans working with iron, copper, bharat (copper, tin, zinc) alloy smelters.
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Impression of an Indus cylinder seal discovered in Susa, in strata dated to 2600-1700 BCE. Elongated buffalo with line of standard Indus script signs. Tell of the Susa acropolis. Louvre Museum, reference Sb 2425
pattar బత్తుడు 'feeding trough' Rebus: pattar paṭṭi'goldsmith guild market, goldsmith guild' PLUS balad m. ʻox ʼ, gng. bald, (Ku.) barad, id. (Nepali. Tarai) Rebus: bharat (5 copper, 4 zinc and 1 tin)(Punjabi)
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Sign 296, Sign 297
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h151 5057Text
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చీమ [ cīma ] chīma. [Tel.] n. An ant. కొండచీమ . the forest ant. రెక్కలచీమ a winged ant. పారేచీమను వింటాడు he can hear an ant crawl, i.e., he is all alive.చీమదూరని అడవి a forest impervious even to an ant. చలిచీమ a black ant; పై పారేపక్షి కిందపారే చీమ (proverb) The bird above, the ant below, i.e., I had no chance with him. చీమంత of the size of an ant. చీమపులి chīma-puli. n. The ant lion, an ant-eater.
చీముంత [ cīmunta ] chīmunta.. [Tel.] n. A metal vessel.చెంబు .
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śrēṣṭrī 'ladder' Rebus: seṭh ʻ head of a guild, Members of the guild (working with a furnace) ![]()
khāṇḍā A jag, notch, or indentation (as upon the edge of a tool or weapon). Rebus: khāṇḍā 'equpment'
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Sign 121 Read as a variant of Sign 112: Four count, three times: gaṇḍa 'four' rebus: kaṇḍa 'fire-altar' khaṇḍa 'implements, metalware' PLUS
बलुतेदार or बलुता balutēdāra or balutā orत्या m (बलुतें &38;c.) A public servant of a village entitled to बलुतें . There are twelve distinct from the regular Governmentofficers पाटील, कुळकरणी &38;c.; viz. सुतार, लोहार, महार, मांग (These four constitute पहिली or थोरली कास or वळ the first division. Of three of them each is entitled to चार पाचुंदे , twenty bundles of Holcus or the thrashed corn, and the महार to आठ पाचुंदे ); कुंभार, चाम्हार, परीट, न्हावी constitute दुसरी or मधली कास or वळ , and are entitled, each, to तीन पाचुंदे ; भट, मुलाणा, गुरव, कोळी form तिसरी or धाकटी कास or वळ , and have, each, दोन पाचुंदे . Likewise there are twelve अलुते or supernumerary public claimants, viz. तेली, तांबोळी, साळी, माळी, जंगम, कळवांत, डवऱ्या, ठाकर, घडशी, तराळ, सोनार, चौगुला . Of these the allowance of corn is not settled. The learner must be prepared to meet with other enumerations of the बलुतेदार (e. g. पाटील, कुळ- करणी, चौधरी, पोतदार, देशपांड्या, न्हावी, परीट, गुरव, सुतार, कुंभार, वेसकर, जोशी ; also सुतार, लोहार, चाम्हार, कुंभार as constituting the first-class and claiming the largest division of बलुतें ; next न्हावी, परीट, कोळी, गुरव as constituting the middle class and claiming a subdivision of बलुतें ; lastly, भट, मुलाणा, सोनार, मांग ; and, in the Konkan̤, yet another list); and with other accounts of the assignments of corn; for this and many similar matters, originally determined diversely, have undergone the usual influence of time, place, and ignorance. Of the बलुतेदार in the Indápúr pergunnah the list and description stands thus:--First class, सुतार, लोहार, चाम्हार, महार ; Second, परीट, कुंभार, न्हावी, मांग ; Third, सोनार, मुलाणा, गुरव, जोशी, कोळी, रामोशी ; in all fourteen, but in no one village are the whole fourteen to be found or traced. In the Panḍharpúr districts the order is:--पहिली or थोरली वळ (1st class); महार, सुतार, लोहार, चाम्हार, दुसरी or मधली वळ (2nd class); परीट, कुंभार, न्हावी, मांग, तिसरी or धाकटी वळ (3rd class); कुळकरणी, जोशी, गुरव, पोतदार ; twelve बलुते and of अलुते there are eighteen. According to Grant Duff, the बलतेदार are सुतार, लोहार, चाम्हार, मांग, कुंभार, न्हावी, परीट, गुरव, जोशी, भाट, मुलाणा ; and the अलुते are सोनार, जंगम, शिंपी, कोळी, तराळ or वेसकर, माळी, डवऱ्यागोसावी, घडशी, रामोशी, तेली, तांबोळी, गोंधळी . In many villages of Northern Dakhan̤ the महार receives the बलुतें of the first, second, and third classes; and, consequently, besides the महार , there are but nine बलुतेदार . The following are the only अलुतेदार or नारू now to be found;--सोनार, मांग, शिंपी, भट गोंधळी, कोर- गू, कोतवाल, तराळ , but of the अलुतेदार &38; बलुते- दार there is much confused intermixture, the अलुतेदार of one district being the बलुतेदार of another, and vice versâ. (The word कास used above, in पहिली कास, मध्यम कास, तिसरी कास requires explanation. It means Udder; and, as the बलुतेदार are, in the phraseology of endearment or fondling, termed वासरें (calves), their allotments or divisions are figured by successive bodies of calves drawing at the कास or under of the गांव under the figure of a गाय or cow.)
If the hieroglyph of Sign 121 which is 12 count (12 short linear strokes) is a signifier of नारूकारू nārūkārū , guild of village artisans, doubling of this Sign 121 signifies dula 'pair' rebus: 'metalcasting'. Thus, a pair of Signs 121 signify metalcaster artisans.
Twemty four is the count of 12 kāru, and 12 nāru village officers: नारू nārū m A common term for village-personages otherwise named अलुतेदार or अलुते.
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barāh, baḍhi 'boar' vāḍhī, bari, barea 'merchant' bārakaśa 'seafaring vessel'.bāṛaï 'carpenter' bari barea 'merchant'
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Hemacandra, deśīnāmamālā
बढई baḍhī m ( H) A carpenter. (Marathi) పట్టడ paṭṭaḍa paṭṭaḍu. [Tel.] n. A smithy, a shop. కుమ్మరి వడ్లంగి మొదలగువారు పనిచేయు చోటు. వడ్రంగి, వడ్లంగి,వడ్లవాడు vaḍraṅgi, vaḍlaṅgi, vaḍlavāḍu or వడ్లబత్తుడు vaḍrangi. [Tel.] n. A carpenter. వడ్రంగము, వడ్లపని, వడ్రము or వడ్లంగితనము vaḍrangamu. n. The trade of a carpenter. వడ్లవానివృత్తి. వడ్రంగిపని. వడ్రంగిపిట్ట or వడ్లంగిపిట్ట vaḍrangi-piṭṭa. n. A woodpecker. దార్వాఘాటము. వడ్లకంకణము vaḍla-kankaṇamu. n. A curlew. ఉల్లంకులలో భేదము. వడ్లత or వడ్లది vaḍlata. n. A woman of the carpenter caste. vardhaki m. ʻ carpenter ʼ MBh. [√
Hieroglyph: Archer with bow and arrow on one hand: kamaḍha 'archer'; kamāṭhiyo = archer; kāmaṭhum = a bow; kāmaḍ, kāmaḍum = a chip of bamboo (G.) kāmaṭhiyo a bowman; an archer (Skt.lex.) Rebus: kammaṭi a coiner (Ka.); kampaṭṭam coinage, coin, mint (Ta.) kammaṭa = mint, gold furnace (Te.)
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Hypertext: Two bows ligatured:
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Duplicated 'bows', Variant of Sign 307![]()
Sign 307 69 Arrow PLUS bow: kaṇḍa ‘arrow’ (Skt.) H. kãḍerā m. ʻ a caste of bow -- and arrow -- makers (CDIAL 3024).
dula 'pair' rebus: dul 'metal casting' PLUS B. kāmṭhā ʻ bow ʼ, G. kāmṭhũ n., ˚ṭhī f. ʻ bow ʼ; M. kamṭhā, ˚ṭā m. ʻ bow of bamboo or horn ʼ; -- deriv. G. kāmṭhiyɔ m. ʻ archer ʼ.Rebus: Ta. kampaṭṭam coinage, coin. Ma. kammaṭṭam, kammiṭṭam coinage, mint. Ka. kammaṭa id.; kammaṭi a coiner. (DEDR 1236) Thus, together, the hypertext of a pair of bows signifies: dul kammaṭa 'metalcasting mint'.
Hieroglyph: arrow:
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Sign 1 hieroglyph: meḍ 'body' rebus: meḍ,med 'iron, copper'dhvajá -- , paṭa -- ]Pk. dhayavaḍa -- m. ʻ flag ʼ, OG. dhayavaḍa m. Rebus: Pk. dhāu -- m. ʻ metal, red chalk ʼ; N. dhāu ʻ ore (esp. of copper) ʼ; Or. ḍhāu ʻ red chalk, red ochre ʼ (whence ḍhāuā ʻ reddish ʼ; M. dhāū, dhāv m.f. ʻ a partic. soft red stone ʼ (whence dhā̆vaḍ m. ʻ a caste of iron -- smelters ʼ, dhāvḍī ʻ composed of or relating to iron ʼ); -- Si. dā ʻ relic (CDIAL 6773)
kāˊṇḍa (kāṇḍá -- TS.) m.n. ʻ single joint of a plant ʼ AV., ʻ arrow ʼ MBh., ʻ cluster, heap ʼ (in tr̥ṇa -- kāṇḍa -- Pāṇ. Kāś.). [Poss. connexion with gaṇḍa -- 2 makes prob. non -- Aryan origin (not with P. Tedesco Language 22, 190 < kr̥ntáti). Prob. ← Drav., cf. Tam. kaṇ ʻ joint of bamboo or sugarcane ʼ EWA i 197]Pa. kaṇḍa -- m.n. ʻ joint of stalk, stalk, arrow, lump ʼ; Pk. kaṁḍa -- , °aya -- m.n. ʻ knot of bough, bough, stick ʼ; Ash. kaṇ ʻ arrow ʼ, Kt. kåṇ, Wg. kāṇ, kŕãdotdot;, Pr. kə̃, Dm. kā̆n; Paš. lauṛ. kāṇḍ, kāṇ, ar. kōṇ, kuṛ. kō̃, dar. kã̄ṛ ʻ arrow ʼ, kã̄ṛī ʻ torch ʼ; Shum. kō̃ṛ, kō̃ ʻ arrow ʼ, Gaw. kāṇḍ,kāṇ; Kho. kan ʻ tree, large bush ʼ; Bshk. kāˋ'n ʻ arrow ʼ, Tor. kan m., Sv. kã̄ṛa, Phal. kōṇ, Sh. gil. kōn f. (→ Ḍ. kōn, pl. kāna f.), pales. kōṇ; K. kã̄ḍ m. ʻ stalk of a reed, straw ʼ (kān m. ʻ arrow ʼ ← Sh.?); S. kānu m. ʻ arrow ʼ, °no m. ʻ reed ʼ, °nī f. ʻ topmost joint of the reed Sara, reed pen, stalk, straw, porcupine's quill ʼ; L. kānã̄ m. ʻ stalk of the reed Sara ʼ, °nī˜ f. ʻ pen, small spear ʼ; P. kānnā m. ʻ the reed Saccharum munja, reed in a weaver's warp ʼ, kānī f. ʻ arrow ʼ; WPah. bhal. kān n. ʻ arrow ʼ, jaun. kã̄ḍ; N. kã̄ṛ ʻ arrow ʼ, °ṛo ʻ rafter ʼ; A. kã̄r ʻ arrow ʼ; B. kã̄ṛ ʻ arrow ʼ, °ṛāʻ oil vessel made of bamboo joint, needle of bamboo for netting ʼ, kẽṛiyā ʻ wooden or earthen vessel for oil &c. ʼ; Or. kāṇḍa, kã̄ṛ ʻ stalk, arrow ʼ; Bi. kã̄ṛā ʻ stem of muñja grass (used for thatching) ʼ; Mth. kã̄ṛ ʻ stack of stalks of large millet ʼ, kã̄ṛī ʻ wooden milkpail ʼ; Bhoj. kaṇḍā ʻ reeds ʼ; H. kã̄ṛī f. ʻ rafter, yoke ʼ, kaṇḍā m. ʻ reed, bush ʼ (← EP.?); G. kã̄ḍ m. ʻ joint, bough, arrow ʼ, °ḍũ n. ʻ wrist ʼ, °ḍī f. ʻ joint, bough, arrow, lucifer match ʼ; M. kã̄ḍ n. ʻ trunk, stem ʼ, °ḍẽ n. ʻ joint, knot, stem, straw ʼ, °ḍī f. ʻ joint of sugarcane, shoot of root (of ginger, &c.) ʼ; Si. kaḍaya ʻ arrow ʼ. -- Deriv. A. kāriyāiba ʻ to shoot with an arrow ʼ.kāˊṇḍīra -- ; *kāṇḍakara -- , *kāṇḍārā -- ; *dēhīkāṇḍa -- Add.Addenda: kāˊṇḍa -- [< IE. *kondo -- , Gk. kondu/lo s ʻ knuckle ʼ, ko/ndo s ʻ ankle ʼ T. Burrow BSOAS xxxviii 55]S.kcch. kāṇḍī f. ʻ lucifer match ʼ? *kāṇḍakara ʻ worker with reeds or arrows ʼ. [kāˊṇḍa -- , kará -- 1 ]L. kanērā m. ʻ mat -- maker ʼ; H. kãḍerā m. ʻ a caste of bow -- and arrow -- makers ʼ. *kāṇḍārā ʻ bamboo -- goad ʼ. [kāˊṇḍa -- , āˊrā -- ]Mth. (ETirhut) kanār ʻ bamboo -- goad for young elephants ʼ < *ka&rtodtilde;ār. kāˊṇḍīra ʻ armed with arrows ʼ Pāṇ., m. ʻ archer ʼ lex. [kāˊṇḍa -- ]H. kanīrā m. ʻ a caste (usu. of arrow -- makers) ʼ.(CDIAL 3023 to 3026).
Hieroglyph: arrow
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Sign 211 kaṇḍa ‘arrow’; Rebus: kaṇḍ = a furnace, altar (Santali) khaṇḍa 'implements' (Santali)
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Mohenjo-daro Seal m1118 and Kalibangan Seal 032, glyphs used are: Zebu (bos taurus indicus), fish, four-strokes (allograph: arrow).ayo ‘fish’ (Mu.) + kaṇḍa ‘arrow’ (Skt.) ayaskāṇḍa ‘a quantity of iron, excellent iron’ (Pāṇ.gaṇ) aya = iron (G.); ayah, ayas = metal (Skt.) gaṆḌa, ‘four’ (Santali); Rebus: kaṇḍ ‘fire-altar’, ‘furnace’), arrow read rebus in mleccha (Meluhhan) as a reference to a guild of artisans working with ayaskāṇḍa ‘excellent quantity of iron’ (Pāṇini) is consistent with the primacy of economic activities which resulted in the invention of a writing system, now referred to as Indus Writing.
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Sign 1 and 'flag' hieroglyph. Hieroglyph: dhvajapaṭa m. ʻ flag ʼKāv. [dhvajá -- , paṭa -- ]Pk. dhayavaḍa -- m. ʻ flag ʼ, OG. dhayavaḍa m. Rebus: Pk. dhāu -- m. ʻ metal, red chalk ʼ; N. dhāu ʻ ore (esp. of copper) ʼ; Or. ḍhāu ʻ red chalk, red ochre ʼ (whence ḍhāuā ʻ reddish ʼ; M. dhāū, dhāv m.f. ʻ a partic. soft red stone ʼ (whence dhā̆vaḍ m. ʻ a caste of iron -- smelters ʼ, dhāvḍī ʻcomposed of or relating to iron ʼ); -- Si. dā ʻ relic (CDIAL 6773)
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Sign 5 is composed of a pair of flags ligatured to Sign 1. dula 'pair' rebus: dul 'metal casting' PLUS dhayavaḍa 'flag' rebus: dhā̆vaḍ 'smelter'. Thus, metal caster, smelter, scribe.
Twelve and twenty-four short strokes of Indus Script ignify 24 नारूकारू nārūkārū, village artisans including metalcasters'
A cylinder seal discovered in Susa dated ca. 2600 to 1700 BCE signifies a guild-master and 12 village artisans working with iron, copper, bharat (copper, tin, zinc) alloy smelters.
Impression of an Indus cylinder seal discovered in Susa, in strata dated to 2600-1700 BCE. Elongated buffalo with line of standard Indus script signs. Tell of the Susa acropolis. Louvre Museum, reference Sb 2425pattar బత్తుడు 'feeding trough' Rebus: pattar paṭṭi'goldsmith guild market, goldsmith guild' PLUS balad m. ʻox ʼ, gng. bald, (Ku.) barad, id. (Nepali. Tarai) Rebus: bharat (5 copper, 4 zinc and 1 tin)(Punjabi)
Notch PLUS Sign 296 khāṇḍā A jag, notch, or indentation (as upon the edge of a tool or weapon). Rebus: khāṇḍā 'equpment'
Sign 296, Sign 297Sign 296 is a variant of![]()
Sign 287 'curve' hieroglyph and 'angle' hieroglyph (as seen on lozenge/rhombus/ovalshaped hieroglyphs). The basic orthograph of Sign 287 is signifiedby the semantics of: kuṭila ‘bent’ CDIAL 3230 kuṭi— in cmpd. ‘curve’, kuṭika— ‘bent’ MBh. Rebus: kuṭila, katthīl = bronze (8 parts copper and 2 parts tin) cf. āra-kūṭa, 'brass' Old English ār 'brass, copper, bronze' Old Norse eir 'brass, copper', German ehern 'brassy, bronzen'. kastīra n. ʻ tin ʼ lex. 2. *kastilla -- .1. H. kathīr m. ʻ tin, pewter ʼ; G. kathīr n. ʻ pewter ʼ.2. H. (Bhoj.?) kathīl, °lā m. ʻ tin, pewter ʼ; M. kathīl n. ʻ tin ʼ, kathlẽ n. ʻ large tin vessel ʼ.(CDIAL 2984) कौटिलिकः kauṭilikḥ कौटिलिकः 1 A hunter.-2 A blacksmith. Sign 293 may be seen as a duplication (dula 'pair' rebus; dul 'metal casting') of Sign 287 The reading of Sign 293 is thus: dul kuṭila metal casting of 'pewter'.
Sign 287 'curve' hieroglyph and 'angle' hieroglyph (as seen on lozenge/rhombus/ovalshaped hieroglyphs). The basic orthograph of Sign 287 is signifiedby the semantics of: kuṭila ‘bent’ CDIAL 3230 kuṭi— in cmpd. ‘curve’, kuṭika— ‘bent’ MBh. Rebus: kuṭila, katthīl = bronze (8 parts copper and 2 parts tin) cf. āra-kūṭa, 'brass' Old English ār 'brass, copper, bronze' Old Norse eir 'brass, copper', German ehern 'brassy, bronzen'. kastīra n. ʻ tin ʼ lex. 2. *kastilla -- .1. H. kathīr m. ʻ tin, pewter ʼ; G. kathīr n. ʻ pewter ʼ.2. H. (Bhoj.?) kathīl, °lā m. ʻ tin, pewter ʼ; M. kathīl n. ʻ tin ʼ, kathlẽ n. ʻ large tin vessel ʼ.(CDIAL 2984) कौटिलिकः kauṭilikḥ कौटिलिकः 1 A hunter.-2 A blacksmith. Sign 293 may be seen as a duplication (dula 'pair' rebus; dul 'metal casting') of Sign 287 The reading of Sign 293 is thus: dul kuṭila metal casting of 'pewter'.Hieroglyph: ant
h144 4280Text
h131 4271Text
చీముంత [ cīmunta ] chīmunta.. [Tel.] n. A metal vessel.
†cīmara -- ʻ copper ʼ in cīmara -- kāra -- ʻ coppersmith ʼ in Saṁghāṭa -- sūtra Gilgit MS. 37 folio 85 verso, 3 (= zaṅs -- mkhan in Tibetan Pekin text Vol. 28 Japanese facsimile 285 a 3 which in Mahāvyutpatti 3790 renders śaulbika -- BHS ii 533. But the Chinese version (Taishō issaikyō ed. text no. 423 p. 971 col. 3, line 2) has t'ie ʻ iron ʼ: H. W. Bailey 21.2.65). [The Kaf. and Dard. word for ʻ iron ʼ appears also in Bur. čhomār, čhumər. Turk. timur (NTS ii 250) may come from the same unknown source. Semant. cf. lōhá -- ]Ash. ċímä, ċimə ʻ iron ʼ (ċiməkára ʻ blacksmith ʼ), Kt. čimé;, Wg. čümāˊr, Pr. zíme, Dm. čimár(r), Paš.lauṛ. čimāˊr, Shum. čímar, Woṭ. Gaw. ċimár,Kal. čīmbar, Kho. čúmur, Bshk. čime r, Tor. čimu, Mai. sē̃war, Phal. čímar, Sh.gil. čimĕr (adj. čĭmārí), gur. čimăr m., jij. čime r, K. ċa muru m. (adj.ċa maruwu ).(CDIAL 14496)
Kalibangan 080 Seal impression 8120 Text![]()
m0143 Mohenjo-Daro seal 2002 Text![]()
kāṇḍā ‘metalware’
मैंद mainda 'harrow' rebus: mẽṛhẽt, 'iron' (Santali) meḍ 'iron' (Mu.Ho.); cf. Sa. mE~R~hE~'d `iron'. ! mE~RhE~d(M).Ma. mErhE'd `iron'.Mu. mERE'd `iron'. ~ mE~R~E~'d `iron'. ! mENhEd(M).Ho meD `iron'.Bj. merhd (Hunter) `iron'.KW mENhEd@(V168,M080)(Munda) Rebus: med 'copper' (Slavic languages)
Hieroglyph:duplicated harrow: dula 'pair' rebus: dul 'metalcasting' PLUS மண்டா maṇṭā, n. Harpoon, hog-spear with short barbed prongs; மீன் பன்றி முதலிய வற்றைக் குத்த உதவும் ஈட்டிவகை. (W.) मैंद [ mainda ] m (A rude harrow or clodbreaker; or a machine to draw over a sown field, a drag. (Marathi) matyà n. ʻ club with iron points ʼ AV., ʻ a kind of harrow ʼ TS. 2. *matíya -- . 3. *madya -- 2 . [Cf. matīkarōti ʻ harrows ʼ AitBr., Pa. su -- mati -- kata -- ʻ well harrowed ʼ; -- explanation of madi -- , madikā -- f. ʻ a kind of harrow or roller ʼ Kr̥ṣis., madī -- f. ʻ any agricultural implement (e.g. a plough) ʼ lex. as MIA. forms (EWA ii 566) does not account for *madya -- in NIA.]1. WPah.bhal. maċċ n. ʻ implement for levelling a rice -- field ʼ (whence maċċṇū ʻ to level ploughed ground ʼ).2. Pk. maïya -- n. ʻ harrow ʼ; L.awāṇ. may ʻ implement for levelling ʼ; WPah. (Joshi) moī f. ʻ implement for smoothing land after sowing ʼ; Ku. mayo ʻ harrow con<-> sisting of a plank for breaking up clods after ploughing ʼ, gng. me ʻ harrow ʼ; A. mai ʻ harrow ʼ (whence mayāiba ʻ to harrow ʼ), maiṭā ʻ single bamboo with its knot on used as a ladder ʼ; B. maï, moi ʻ harrow, ladder, ladder used as harrow ʼ; Or. maï ʻ ladderlike harrow ʼ; H. maī f. ʻ harrow ʼ; M. maĩd m. ʻ rude harrow or clod breaker ʼ (+ ?).3. K. maj (gender and spelling? for *maz?) ʻ harrow consisting of a log ʼ; P.ḍog. mãj̈ f. ʻ ladder ʼ.*vaṁśamatiya -- .Addenda: matyà -- . 2. *matíya -- : WPah.kṭg. m&tildemacrepsilon; f. (obl. -- i ) ʻ a kind of harrow ʼ; J. moī f. ʻ a kind of plough to smoothe land after sowing ʼ.(CDIAL 9755) Rebus:
śrēṣṭrī 'ladder' Rebus: seṭh ʻ head of a guild, Members of the guild (working with a furnace) 
khāṇḍā A jag, notch, or indentation (as upon the edge of a tool or weapon). Rebus: khāṇḍā 'equpment'
Sign 121 Read as a variant of Sign 112: Four count, three times: gaṇḍa 'four' rebus: kaṇḍa 'fire-altar' khaṇḍa 'implements, metalware' PLUS||| Number three reads: kolom 'three' rebus: kolami 'smithy, forge'. Thus,the hypertext of Sign 104 reads: kolami khaṇḍa 'smithy/forge (for) implements.'
baroṭi ‘twelve’ bhārata ‘a factitious alloy of copper, pewter, tin’ (Marathi)
Sign 121 may also signify
नारूकारू nārūkārū m pl A term for certain personages of a village otherwise named अलुतेबलुते for whom see under अलुता & बलुतेदार. अलुता or त्या alutā or tyā m (A formation alliteratively from बलुत्या in extension of the application of that word.) A common term for certain Village officers secondary to the बलुते. Thus बारा अलुते आणि बारा बलुते of whom see the full list under बलुतेदार.
बलुतेदार or बलुता balutēdāra or balutā or
If the hieroglyph of Sign 121 which is 12 count (12 short linear strokes) is a signifier of नारूकारू nārūkārū , guild of village artisans, doubling of this Sign 121 signifies dula 'pair' rebus: 'metalcasting'. Thus, a pair of Signs 121 signify metalcaster artisans.
Twemty four is the count of 12 kāru, and 12 nāru village officers: नारू nārū m A common term for village-personages otherwise named अलुतेदार or अलुते.
MS 2645 Schoyen Collection. Impression of a rare Indus cylinder seal — a form more common to the Indus Valley's Mesopotamian trade partners than to Harappa itself. Found in this case in NW Afghanistan. As the Schoyen catalog description suggests, the iconography appears to be Old Akkadian, while the symbols are easily identified as being Indus. (The three rows of four strokes and the hoe or spear-like sign are familiar Indus symbols.) The two middle symbols or emblems, however (red arrows), are not found in any other inscription (out of a data base of perhaps by now 20,000+ [?] known instances of individual Indus emblem occurrences).
Hieroglyph: Boar:
badhi 'castrated boar' rebus: vaḍlangi, baḍaga 'artificers'vāḍhī 'merchant'.
baḍhia 'a castrated boar, a hog'(Santali) বরাহ barāha 'boar'
Rebus: baḍhi 'worker in wood and iron' (Santali) bāṛaï 'carpenter' (Bengali) bari 'merchant' barea 'merchant' (Santali) vāḍhī, 'one who helps a merchant (Hemacandra Desinamamamala). bari 'merchant' barea 'merchant' (Santali) बारकश or बारकस [ bārakaśa or bārakasa ] n (
Hemacandra, deśīnāmamālā ஓடாவி ōṭāvi, n. prob. ஓடம்¹ + ஆள்வி. 1. Shipwright, boat builder; மரக்கலஞ் செய்வோன். (W .) 2. Carpenter; தச்சன்.ōṭam, n. < ஓடு-. cf. hōḍa. [T. K. Tu. oḍa, M. ōḍam.] 1. Boat, ferry-boat; தோணி. (திவா.) 2. Raft, float, vessel of any kind; மிதவை. (W .) 3. The tenth nakṣatra; மகநாள். (இராசவைத்) 4. Weavers' shuttle; நெசவுநாடா. (யாழ். அக.) 5. A song in the boatman's tune; ஓடப்பாட்டு.ōṭa-p-pāṭṭu , n. < ஓடம்¹ +. Boat song; கப்பற்பாட்டு. Ta. ōṭam boat, raft, float, vessel; ōṭāvi shipwright, boatbuilder. Ma. ōṭam boat; ōṭāyi shipbuilders; ōṭi a large seaboat (long and narrow, chiefly from the Laccadives). Ka. ōḍa boat. Tu. ōḍa id. Te. ōḍa ship, vessel. Pa. ōḍa boat, trough. Go. (M.) ōḍa, (Ko. S.) ōṛa boat (Voc. 437); (Pat.) oda (i.e. ōḍa) donga. / Cf. Skt. hoḍa- boat, raft; Turner, CDIAL, no. 14174. The IA words are probably < Dr.; Parpola 1977-78, pp. 243 ff. (DEDR 1039) hōḍa m. ʻ raft, boat ʼ lex. [← Drav., Kan. ōḍa., &c. DED 876]H. hoṛī f., holā m. ʻ canoe, raft ʼ; G. hoṛī f. ʻ boat ʼ; M. hoḍī f. ʻ canoe made of hollowed log ʼ. -- See uḍupa -- .Addenda: hōḍa -- : Md. oḍi ʻ large kind of boat ʼ ← Drav.(CDIAL 14174) ōḍra1 m. ʻ a tribe of Śūdras ʼ Mn., ʻ name of a people ʼ MBh., uḍra -- , auḍ°. 2. *auḍrika -- ʻ of that people ʼ. [S. Lévi JA 1923, 20 ff., EWA i 132]1. Pk. oḍḍa -- , uḍ° m. ʻ the land of Utkala ʼ, uḍḍa -- m. ʻ a caste of well -- diggers ʼ; S. oḍru m. ʻ a caste that make mud walls, blockhead ʼ, L. oḍ̠ m.; P. oḍ m. ʻ a tribe that clear out watercourses or build houses ʼ; Ku. oṛ, woṛ ʻ mason ʼ, N. oṛ; Or. oṛa ʻ an aboriginal inhabitant of Orissa ʼ; G. oḍ m. ʻ a caste of Hindus who dig and carry earth and build mud houses ʼ.2. oḍḍia -- ʻ pertaining to Utkala ʼ; B. oṛiyā, uṛ° ʻ an inhabitant of Orissa ʼ, Or. oṛiā, Bhoj. oṛiyā; EH. (Chattisgarh) oṛiyā m. ʻ navvy ʼ.ōḍradēśa -- .Addenda: ōḍra -- 1 ʻ a tribe of Śūdras ʼ Mn.: WPak.kṭg. ōḍ m. ʻ carpenter, name of a caste ʼ; Garh. oḍ ʻ mason ʼ.(CDIAL 2549) ōḍradēśa ʻ land of the Oḍras ʼ MW. [ōḍra -- 1 , dēśá --] Or. oṛisā ʻ Orissa ʼ, H. uṛīsā m.(CDIAL 2551) [Note: the seafaring Bharatam Janam of ōḍradēśa are the seafarers who celebrate Baliyatra every year on Karthik Purnima day in memory of their contributions to Hinduised states of the Far East (pace George Coedes' wok in French Les états hindouisés d'Extrême-Orient. These are the ancient dharma-dhamma savants who spread Bauddham in Sri Lanka and in the Ancient Far East.]
Thus, together, iron castings merchant.
The evidence relates to the semantics of worker in wood and iron. He is called बढई baḍhī.
बढई baḍhī m ( H) A carpenter. (Marathi) పట్టడ paṭṭaḍa paṭṭaḍu. [Tel.] n. A smithy, a shop. కుమ్మరి వడ్లంగి మొదలగువారు పనిచేయు చోటు. వడ్రంగి, వడ్లంగి,వడ్లవాడు vaḍraṅgi, vaḍlaṅgi, vaḍlavāḍu or వడ్లబత్తుడు vaḍrangi. [Tel.] n. A carpenter. వడ్రంగము, వడ్లపని, వడ్రము or వడ్లంగితనము vaḍrangamu. n. The trade of a carpenter. వడ్లవానివృత్తి. వడ్రంగిపని. వడ్రంగిపిట్ట or వడ్లంగిపిట్ట vaḍrangi-piṭṭa. n. A woodpecker. దార్వాఘాటము. వడ్లకంకణము vaḍla-kankaṇamu. n. A curlew. ఉల్లంకులలో భేదము. వడ్లత or వడ్లది vaḍlata. n. A woman of the carpenter caste. vardhaki m. ʻ carpenter ʼ MBh. [√vardh ] Pa. vaḍḍhaki -- m. ʻ carpenter, building mason ʼ; Pk. vaḍḍhaï -- m. ʻ carpenter ʼ, °aïa -- m. ʻ shoemaker ʼ; WPah. jaun. bāḍhōī ʻ carpenter ʼ, (Joshi) bāḍhi m., N. baṛhaï, baṛahi, A. bārai, B. bāṛaï, °ṛui, Or. baṛhaï, °ṛhāi, (Gaṛjād) bāṛhoi, Bi. baṛvārdhaka -- .Addenda: vardhaki -- : WPah.kṭg. báḍḍhi m. ʻ carpenter ʼ; kṭg. bəṛhe\ i , báṛhi , kc. baṛhe ← H. beside genuine báḍḍhi Him.I 135), J. bāḍhi, Garh. baṛhai, A. also bāṛhai AFD 94; Md. vaḍīn, vaḍin pl.(CDIAL 11375) ![]()
kola 'tiger' कोल्हा [ kōlhā ] कोल्हें [ kōlhēṃ ] 'tiger' Rebus: kolhe 'smelter' (Santali) Ta. kol working in iron, blacksmith; kollaṉ blacksmith. Ma. kollan blacksmith, artificer. Ko. kole·l smithy, temple in Kota village; kolhali to forge (Kuwi)(DEDR 2133) kolhe 'smelter' kola, kolum = a jackal (G.) kolhuyo (Dh.Des.); kulho, kolhuo (Hem.Des.); kroṣṭṛ (Skt.) kul seren = the tiger’s son, a species of lizard (Santali) kolo, koleā jackal (Kon.lex.) Rebus: kol metal (Ta.) kol = pan~calokam (five metals) (Tamil)
B. kũdā, kõdā 'to leap'; Or. kudibā ʻ to jump, dance ʼ; Mth. kūdab ʻ to jump ʼ, Aw. lakh. kūdab, H. kūdnā, OMarw. kūdaï, G. kūrda m. ʻ jump ʼ, gūrda -- m. ʻ jump ʼ Kāṭh. [√kūrd] S. kuḍ̠u m. ʻ leap ʼ, N. kud, Or. kuda, °dā, kudā -- kudi ʻ jumping about ʼ. kūˊrdati ʻ leaps, jumps ʼ MBh. [gūˊrdati, khūˊrdatē Dhātup.: prob. ← Drav. (Tam. kuti, Kan. gudi ʻ to spring ʼ) T. Burrow BSOAS xii 375]S. kuḍ̠aṇu ʻ to leap ʼ; L. kuḍ̠aṇ ʻ to leap, frisk, play ʼ; P. kuddṇā ʻ to leap ʼ, Ku. kudṇo, N. kudnu, (CDIAL 3411, 3412)
Rebus: kō̃da कोँद । कुलालादिकन्दुः f. a kiln; a potter's kiln (Rām. 1446; H. xi, 11); a brick-kiln (Śiv. 133); a lime-kiln. -bal -बल् । कुलालादिकन्दुस्थानम् m. the place where a kiln is erected, a brick or potter's kiln (Gr.Gr. 165). -- khasüñü -- कुलालादिकन्दुयथावद्भावः f.inf. a kiln to arise; met. to become like such a kiln (which contains no imperfectly baked articles, but only well-made perfectly baked ones), hence, a collection of good ('pucka') articles or qualities to exist. Cf. Śiv. 133, where the causal form of the verb is used. (Kashmiri)
प्र-सार opening (the mouth)(वोपदेव) rebus: pasar, a trader's shop (नलचम्पू or दमयन्तीकथा)
Tiger's open mouth in Indus Script व्यो-कार m. (prob.) " making the sound व्यो " , a blacksmith; व्यो-कार, व्योकरः bogāṟa 'blacksmith' (Kannada) wuhawān वुहवान् । सिंहगर्जनम् f. the roar of a lion or tiger.(Kashmiri) व्योकरः vyōkarḥ व्योकरः A blacksmith; व्योकाराः शौल्विकास्तथा (Śiva Bhārata by Paramānanda.31.17.) Bogra means a 'blacksmith', 'engraving chisel'. Cognate words are: व्यो-कार, व्योकरः bogāṟa 'blacksmith' (Kannada) గుబ్బోగర gubbōgara gub-bōgara. [Tel. గుబ్బ+పోగర.] n. An engraving chisel. పోగర pōgara pōgara. [Tel.] n. A graver, or small chisel used by goldsmiths. శలాక, కంసలవాని పనిముట్టు. పోగరపని carved work. గుండుపోగర a rod for making rings. గుబ్బోగర a tapping chisel. ![]()
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engali word bāg 'tiger' as a derivate of bogāra 'blacksmith' व्यो-कार m. (prob.) " making the sound व्यो " , a blacksmith vyāghrá m. ʻ tiger ʼ AV., °rī -- f. MBh. 2. *viyāghra -- .1. Pk. vaggha -- m. ʻ tiger ʼ, °ghī -- f.; Sh. băg -- bĭăṛṷ m. ʻ leopard ʼ (+ biḍāla -- ); S. vāghu m. ʻ tiger ʼ, P. bāgh m., kgr. barāgh m. ʻ leopard ʼ, WPah.bhad. ḍhḷāhg, bhal. ḍḷāg, pāḍ. dlāhg, cur. brāhg, sod. brag, roh. brāg, Ku. bāg (gng. ʻ tiger ʼ); N. bāgh, bāg ʻ tiger ʼ, A. B. bāgh (B. also bāg), Or. bāgha, Mth. Bhoj. Aw.lakh. H. bāgh m., G. M. vāgh m., Ko. vāgu, Si. vaga; Md. vag ʻ tiger, lion ʼ.2. Pa. vyaggha -- , by° m. ʻ tiger ʼ, viyagghinī -- , bi° f., NiDoc. vyagra F. W. Thomas AO xii 40, Pk. viaggha<-> m.*vyāghrarūpa -- , *vyāghrāmbara -- .Addenda: vyāghrá -- : WPah.kṭg. brággh m., kc. brāgh, bərāgh ʻ leopard ʼ, J. brāgg m., kṭg. brágghəṇ f.; Garh. bāg ʻ tiger ʼ, Md. vagu.(CDIAL 12193)
Hieroglyph: Archer with bow and arrow on one hand: kamaḍha 'archer'; kamāṭhiyo = archer; kāmaṭhum = a bow; kāmaḍ, kāmaḍum = a chip of bamboo (G.) kāmaṭhiyo a bowman; an archer (Skt.lex.) Rebus: kammaṭi a coiner (Ka.); kampaṭṭam coinage, coin, mint (Ta.) kammaṭa = mint, gold furnace (Te.)
A unique mold-made faience tablet or standard (H2000-4483/2342-01) was found in the eroded levels west of the tablet workshop in Trench 54 of Harappa by HARP Team. On one side is a short inscription under a rectangular box filled with 24 dots. The reverse has a narrative scene with two bulls fighting under a thorny tree.
Source: https://www.harappa.com/indus3/205.html See decipherment at
Source: https://www.harappa.com/indus3/205.html See decipherment at
https://tinyurl.com/y3nfxyk7
Hypertext: Two bows ligatured:
Duplicated 'bows', Variant of Sign 307
Sign 307 69 Arrow PLUS bow: kaṇḍa ‘arrow’ (Skt.) H. kãḍerā m. ʻ a caste of bow -- and arrow -- makers (CDIAL 3024).dula 'pair' rebus: dul 'metal casting' PLUS B. kāmṭhā ʻ bow ʼ, G. kāmṭhũ n., ˚ṭhī f. ʻ bow ʼ; M. kamṭhā, ˚ṭā m. ʻ bow of bamboo or horn ʼ; -- deriv. G. kāmṭhiyɔ m. ʻ archer ʼ.Rebus: Ta. kampaṭṭam coinage, coin. Ma. kammaṭṭam, kammiṭṭam coinage, mint. Ka. kammaṭa id.; kammaṭi a coiner. (DEDR 1236) Thus, together, the hypertext of a pair of bows signifies: dul kammaṭa 'metalcasting mint'.
Hieroglyph: arrow:
This is a hypertext composed of 'body' (of standing person)
Sign 1 hieroglyph: meḍ 'body' rebus: meḍ,med 'iron, copper'PLUS ![]()
'lid' hieroglyph: ḍhaṁkaṇa 'lid' rebus dhakka 'excellent, bright, blazing metal article'.
'lid' hieroglyph: ḍhaṁkaṇa 'lid' rebus dhakka 'excellent, bright, blazing metal article'.PLUS ![]()
Sign 402 'flag' hieroglyph. Sign 402 'flag' hieroglyph. Ciphertext koḍi ‘flag’ (Ta.)(DEDR 2049). In the context of metalwork guilds, the flag is the compound expression: dhvajapaṭa ʻflagʼ PLUS dhvajapaṭa
m. ʻ flag ʼ Kāv. [
Sign 402 'flag' hieroglyph. Sign 402 'flag' hieroglyph. Ciphertext koḍi ‘flag’ (Ta.)(DEDR 2049). In the context of metalwork guilds, the flag is the compound expression: dhvajapaṭa ʻflagʼ PLUS dhvajapaṭa The hypertext reads: kolami khaṇḍa dhakka meḍ dhā̆vaḍ ' smithy/forge equipment, smelter producing blazing, bright iron'.
Hieroglyph: arrow
Sign 211 kaṇḍa ‘arrow’; Rebus: kaṇḍ = a furnace, altar (Santali) khaṇḍa 'implements' (Santali)
Mohenjo-daro Seal m1118 and Kalibangan Seal 032, glyphs used are: Zebu (bos taurus indicus), fish, four-strokes (allograph: arrow).ayo ‘fish’ (Mu.) + kaṇḍa ‘arrow’ (Skt.) ayaskāṇḍa ‘a quantity of iron, excellent iron’ (Pāṇ.gaṇ) aya = iron (G.); ayah, ayas = metal (Skt.) gaṆḌa, ‘four’ (Santali); Rebus: kaṇḍ ‘fire-altar’, ‘furnace’), arrow read rebus in mleccha (Meluhhan) as a reference to a guild of artisans working with ayaskāṇḍa ‘excellent quantity of iron’ (Pāṇini) is consistent with the primacy of economic activities which resulted in the invention of a writing system, now referred to as Indus Writing.poLa 'zebu' rebus: poLa 'magnetite, ferrite ore'
Allographs काण्डः kāṇḍḥ ण्डम् ṇḍam The portion of a plant from one knot to another. काण्डात्काण्ड- त्प्ररोहन्तीMahānār.4.3. A stem, stock, branch; लीलोत्खातमृणालकाण्डकवलच्छेदे U.3.16; Amaru.95; Ms. 1.46,48, Māl.3.34.
కాండము [ kāṇḍamu ] kānḍamu. [Skt.] n. Water. నీళ్లు (Telugu) kaṇṭhá -- : (b) ʻ water -- channel ʼ: Paš. kaṭāˊ ʻ irrigation channel ʼ, Shum. xãṭṭä. (CDIAL 14349).
lokhãḍ ‘overflowing pot’ Rebus: ʻtools, iron, ironwareʼ (Gujarati)
काण्ड an arrow MBh. xiii , 265 Hit. (Monier-Williams, p. 269) Rebus: काण्ड abundance; a multitude , heap , quantity (ifc.) Pa1n2. 4-2 , 51 Ka1s3.
Rebus:![]()
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Munda etyma related to ayo, ayu:
beḍa hako (ayo) ‘fish’ (Santali); beḍa ‘either of the sides of a hearth’ (G.) Munda: So. ayo `fish'. Go. ayu `fish'. Go <ayu> (Z), <ayu?u> (Z),, <ayu?> (A) {N} ``^fish''. Kh. kaDOG `fish'. Sa. Hako `fish'. Mu. hai (H) ~ haku(N) ~ haikO(M) `fish'. Ho haku `fish'. Bj. hai `fish'. Bh.haku `fish'. KW haiku ~ hakO |Analyzed hai-kO, ha-kO (RDM). Ku. Kaku`fish'.@(V064,M106) Mu. ha-i, haku `fish' (HJP). @(V341) ayu>(Z), <ayu?u> (Z) <ayu?>(A) {N} ``^fish''. #1370. <yO>\\<AyO>(L) {N} ``^fish''. #3612. <kukkulEyO>,,<kukkuli-yO>(LMD) {N} ``prawn''. !Serango dialect. #32612. <sArjAjyO>,,<sArjAj>(D) {N} ``prawn''. #32622. <magur-yO>(ZL) {N} ``a kind of ^fish''. *Or.<>. #32632. <ur+GOl-Da-yO>(LL) {N} ``a kind of ^fish''. #32642.<bal.bal-yO>(DL) {N} ``smoked fish''. #15163.
Hypertext: Standing person + flag:
Sign 4 is composed of
Sign 1 and 'flag' hieroglyph. Hieroglyph: dhvajapaṭa m. ʻ flag ʼKāv. [dhvajá -- , paṭa -- ]Pk. dhayavaḍa -- m. ʻ flag ʼ, OG. dhayavaḍa m. Rebus: Pk. dhāu -- m. ʻ metal, red chalk ʼ; N. dhāu ʻ ore (esp. of copper) ʼ; Or. ḍhāu ʻ red chalk, red ochre ʼ (whence ḍhāuā ʻ reddish ʼ; M. dhāū, dhāv m.f. ʻ a partic. soft red stone ʼ (whence dhā̆vaḍ m. ʻ a caste of iron -- smelters ʼ, dhāvḍī ʻcomposed of or relating to iron ʼ); -- Si. dā ʻ relic (CDIAL 6773) 
Sign 5 is composed of a pair of flags ligatured to Sign 1. dula 'pair' rebus: dul 'metal casting' PLUS dhayavaḍa 'flag' rebus: dhā̆vaḍ 'smelter'. Thus, metal caster, smelter, scribe.