https://tinyurl.com/yxopm7u5

--Decipherment of six anthropomorph types, Meluhha Indus Script hypertext expressions, including barāh, baḍhi 'boar' vāḍhī, bari, barea 'merchant' bārakaśa 'seafaring vessel', ಬಡಿಗ 'artificer', बढई baḍhī 'worker in wood and iron', వడ్లబత్తుడు 'carpenter'

This is an addendum to: Indus Script standard hypertexts of 1. rim-of-jar and 2. bronze anthropomorph, signify Meluhha rebus karaṇi, kanahār 'supercargo, accountant, helmsman' https://tinyurl.com/y32992db

It is seen that Indus Script anthropomorphs provide variant semantic expansions related to specific pictorial motifs underlying the artifact which is the calling card of a metalwork artisan or seafaring merchant of Sarasvati CIvilization. These variant expressions in Meluhha are presented in this monograph, describing six types of expressive, anthropomorph pictorial motifs.

Examples of six types of Bronze (copper) anthropomorph pictorial variants

Type 1 mẽḍhā 'curved horn' meḍḍha 'ram' rebus: ayo meḍh 'metal merchant'

Type 2 Focus on the shoulder, horn as upraised arm -- artisan engaged in production of eraka 'molten cast' infusion

Type 3 Focus on (Embedded with a 'fish' hieroglyph on the chest); spread legs -- कर्णक m. du. the two legs spread out AV. xx , 133 'spread legs'; (semantic determinant)

Type 4 Eight Copper anthropomorphs of Sinauli, Bull's head

with horns and ficus leaf

Type 5 Gold anthropomorph, dance-posture

Type 6 Ram with bent horns, spread legs, ligatured with the head of a boar and embedded with hieroglyph of one-horned young bull.

Type 1 mẽḍhā 'curved horn' meḍḍha 'ram' rebus: ayo meḍh 'metal merchant'

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Clik here to view. Fig10. Axe-ingots, such as this one from Peru in West Bengal, are unsuited to use as axes. (Indian Museum, Calcutta)

Axe-ingots, such as this one from Peru in West Bengal, are unsuited to use as axes. (Indian Museum, Calcutta)

On an anthropomorph copper plate of 2nd millennium BCE from Keonjhar copper hoard, an inscription dated to 1483 CE has been recorded in Keonjhar, Orissa.(Land grant by Raja Purushottam Deb).

Dist. Keonjhar, Or. – Around 1985 three type III axeingots and a small stand (nos. 1195-1197), evidently part of the same hoard, to judge from the surface texture and patina, were acquired as a group for the Orissa State Museum from this district. Detailed information exists neither for their provenance, nor the circumstances of discovery63 . 1195. Axe-ingot, type III. 14.7x12.3x1.3 cm, 972 gm, sharp lead edge (Fig. 19, 1195). – Orissa State Museum (0.52.1). – Unpub. 1196. Axe-ingot, type III. 17x13.2x1.4cm, rev. surface very rough (Fig. 19, 1196). – Orissa State Museum (0.52.2). – Unpub. 1197. Miniature stand. 24.6 x 13. 2 x 8. 5 cm, thick light green patina, rough surface similar to other metallic artefacts from eastern Chota Nagpur, heavy corrosion on the legs, legs recently bent inward (Fig. 19, 1197). – Orissa State Museum (0.52.3). – Unpub.

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A facsimile of an inscription on a copper plate recording a land grant made by Rāja Purushottam Deb, king of Orissa, in the fifth year of his reign (1483). J. Beames The Indian Antiquary, December 6, 1872, p. 355.
Land grants made by royal decree were protected by law, with deeds often being recorded on metal plates.

John Beames, 1872, Indian Antiquary, Vol. 1, pp. 355-356

On a copper-plate grant from Balasore (AD 1483)

[quote]The plate is in the possession of the Bhuyans of Garpada, an ancient and respectable family of zamindars. Their estate of Garhpada is situated on a rocky spur of the Moharbhanj hills about 15 miles north of the station of Balasore. The plate records the grant of the estate to their ancestor, Poteswar Bhat, a Brahman by Raja Purushottam Deb, King of Orissa. This monarch ascended the throne in AD 1478 and the 5^th year of his reign, the date of the grant would be therefore 1483. The Bhuyan hwever read it the 25^th year of his reign which would make it 1503. This I shall show presently is incorrect. The text in Roman characters is as follows:

Obverse. “Sri Jaya durgAyai namah hira Sri gajapati gaureshwara nava kota karnatakala-vargeswara Sri purushottama deva maharajankar poteswara bhatanku dina s’Asana pata e anka mesha di 10 am sumabUrn grahana kAle ganga gurbhe purushottamapura s’asana bhUmI chaiidasa ushTottara xxxx dAna desnne bhUmI yavachchandrarke putra pautrAdi purushannakrame bhaga karu thiba jalarUtna nikshepa sahit bhUmI dehau. Reverse. YAvach chandrascha sUryascha yAvat tishThati medina yAvad dattAmayAhr eshii susya yuktA basundhurA swadatrAan purushattUm vU brahmavRittim haretyah ShashTir varshasahasrANi vishTAyAm jUyate kRAmih Sri mudunagopAluh saruNam mama”

Translation: Reverence to Sri Jaya Durga. Of the hero, the illustrious Gajapati, lord of GauD, lord of the tribes (of the country) of the nine forts, Karnata and Utkala Sri Purushottam Deh MahArAja to Poteswar Bhat a deed of gift of a s’Asan. In this fifth year of my reign the tenth day of Mesh, Monday at the time of an eclipse, in the womb of GungA, I have given Purushottampura S’Asan land fourteen (hundred) and eight besides, ha 1408 lss, as a gift. This land as long as the moon and sun, son, grandson and the rest, generation after generation enjoying remain! I have given the land together with its tanks and gardens.

(The above is in Oriya; the rest is in Sanskrit)

Reverse. As long as the moon and the sun, as long as the earth shall stand, so long be the gift upheld of this rich grain-bearing land; whose of his own or another’s gift a Brahman shall deprive, for sixty thousand years a worm in dung shall be born and live. Sri Mudangopal my protection.

The marks at the end are: first, the ankush or elephant goad, the special sign manual of the kings of Orissa, referring to their ancient title of Gajapati or land of elephants; second, the s’ankh or conch-shell of Vishnu (Jagannath), third and fourth the khandA or straight sword, and the katar or dagger, both emblems of the warrior-caste, the khanDA belonging especially to the hill-people, and he kutAr to those of the plains. With regard to the wording of the deed one or two points may perhaps stand in need of explanation. GauDeshwara or lord of GauD, i.e. Bengal, is a constant empty boast of the kings of Orissa, who claimed to rule from the great to the little GungA, i.e. from GangA to GodAvari. Their kingdom did frequently stretch as far as the latter river, and even beyond it; but only twice in all their annals did they reach the Ganges and then only for a brief period each time. ‘Karnata kula’ is a mistake of the engraver for karnATotkala ‘Karnata and Utkala’, the forms which occurs in all the deeds and decriptions of the monarchs of Orissa. This very Purushottam Deb conquered Kanjikaveri or Conjeevaram and spent the greater part of his reign on the Godavary. The expression later on in this plate ‘GangAgarbhe’ probably refers to that river the ‘SAngangU’ or little Ganges of the Oriya as there is no record of this king’s having ever having visited the great Ganges. ‘S’Asan’ in Orissa is a patch of rent-free land with a village inhabited and cultivated exclusively by Brahmans, generally on behalf of some god, whose temple is in their village and whose worship they are theoretically bound to keep up. As a rule the poor Thakur gets very little worship and the money goes into the Brahman’s bellies or on to their backs. These Brahman’s S’Asana are scattered all over the country and are detected at once by the large comfortable homesteads, the groves of cocoa-palms and fruit trees and the generally superior style of cultivation. The cocoa-palm flourishes well in Orissa, but is not grown except by Brahmans owing to the popular superstititon that if a man of another caste plants them, he or his children will die in a year and a day. .. ‘Di10um’ and ‘ba1408ti’. This is the Oriya fashion of writing figures, the name of the article is divided in two and the numbers written in between, the above form stands for 10 diam, and 1408 bAtI respectively. Thus they would write 10 rupees, Ta10nka’ – 10 Tanka; 5 maunds would be mA5na…Potesar Bhat obtained possession and he and his descendants held the estate for some generations…Aurangzeb…The Brahman resisted for a long time, but finding that the Emperor was deaf to remonstrances, he eventually consented, embraced Islam and returned to Orissa with an order for his restitution to his estates. Since that time the family has been Muhammadan, and the present head of it, Ghulum Mustafa Khan, and his brothers are men with quite a Mughal type of countenance, probably derived from frequent intermarriages with Mughul and Pathan ladies. The archaic form of the letters in this grand renders it very valuable as showing the gradual development of the modern Oriya alphabet from a southern variety of the Kutila type… [unquote](The Indian Antiquary, Dec. 6, 1872, pp. 355-356), Excerpted from the full text of the Indian Antiquary, Vol. I 1872 embedded.

This Keonjhar copper plate grant is on an anthropomorph which is comparable to the antropomorph type noted in Metmuseum dated to ca. 1500-500 BCE.

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Anthropomorph celt. Met Museum Accession Number 2001.433.8

http://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/50575

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From Lothal was reported a fragmentary Type 1 anthropomorph (13.0 pres. X 12.8 pres. X c. 0.08 cm, Cu 97.27%, Pb 2.51% (Rao), surface ptterning runs lengthwise, lower portion slightly thicker than the edge of the head, 'arms' and 'legs' broken off (Pl. 1, 22)-- ASI Ahmedabad (10918 -- Rao, SR, 1958, 13 pl. 21A). The extraordinary presence of a Lothal anthropomorph of the type found on the banks of River Ganga in Sheorajpur (Uttar Pradesh) makes it apposite to discuss the anthropomorph as a Meluhha hieroglyph, since Lothal is reportedly a mature site of the civilization which has produced nearly 7000 inscriptions (what may be called Meluhha epigraphs, almost all of which are relatable to the bronze age metalwork of India).

This type of anthropomorph signifies the head of a ram and pair of bent horns.

meḍho 'ram' rebus: mẽṛhẽt, meḍ 'iron']; meḍho 'helper of (seafaring) merchant'

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Santali glosses.

Sa. mE~R~hE~'d `iron'. ! mE~RhE~d(M).

Ma. mErhE'd `iron'.

Mu. mERE'd `iron'.

~ mE~R~E~'d `iron'. ! mENhEd(M).

Ho meD `iron'.

Bj. merhd(Hunter) `iron'.

KW mENhEd

@(V168,M080)

http://www.ling.hawaii.edu/austroasiatic/AA/Munda/ETYM/Pinnow&Munda

— Slavic glosses for 'copper'

Мед [Med]Bulgarian

Bakar Bosnian

Медзь [medz']Belarusian

Měď Czech

Bakar Croatian

KòperKashubian

Бакар [Bakar]Macedonian

Miedź Polish

Медь [Med']Russian

Meď Slovak

BakerSlovenian

Бакар [Bakar]Serbian

Мідь [mid'] Ukrainian[unquote]

http://www.vanderkrogt.net/elements/element.php?sym=Cu

Miedź, med' (Northern Slavic, Altaic) 'copper'.

One suggestion is that corruptions from the German "Schmied", "Geschmeide" = jewelry. Schmied, a smith (of tin, gold, silver, or other metal)(German) result in med ‘copper’.

áṁsa m. ʻ shoulder, shoulder -- blade ʼ RV. Pa. Pk. aṁsa -- m. ʻ shoulder ʼ; L. añj -- vañj m. pl. ʻ limbs ʼ, awāṇ. añj -- âmacr; Si. as ʻ shoulder ʼ. -- With h -- (from haḍḍa<-> ʻ bone ʼ ?): S. hañjhī f. ʻ shoulder -- blade ʼ, L. (Jukes) hãjī f.; H. hã̄s m. ʻ collar -- bone ʼ; G. hã̄sṛī f. ʻ collar ʼ. -- Ext. -- la -- : Pk. aṁsalaga -- m. ʻ shoulder ʼ; haṁsala -- m. ʻ sort of ornament ʼ; P. haslī f. ʻ gold or silver collar ʼ, N. hã̄suli ʻ collar ʼ, H. hãslī f., M. hã̄sḷī f. -- Loans from the centre with (s)s: S. hasu m. ʻ silver collar ʼ; L. mult. hassī f. ʻ collarbone, silver collar ʼ, awāṇ. has ʻ neck -- bone ʼ; P. hass m., ˚sī f. ʻ shoulderblade ʼ.(CDIAL 6) Rebus: aṁśú m. ʻ filament esp. of soma -- plant ʼ RV., ʻ thread, minute particle, ray ʼ.Pa. aṁsu -- m. ʻ thread ʼ; Pk. aṁsu -- m. ʻ sunbeam ʼ; A. ã̄h ʻ fibre of a plant ʼ, OB. ã̄su; B. ã̄s ʻ fibre of tree or stringy fruit, nap of cloth ʼ; Or. ã̄su ʻ fibrous layer at root of coconut branches, edge or prickles of leaves ʼ, ã̄s f. ʻ fibre, pith ʼ; -- with -- i -- in place of -- u -- : B. ã̄iś ʻ fibre ʼ; M. ã̄sī˜ n. ʻ fine particles of flattened rice in winnowing fan ʼ; A. ãhiyā ʻ fibrous ʼ.(CDIAL 4)
kōḍ 'horn' Ta. kōṭu (in cpds. kōṭṭu-) horn, tusk, branch of tree, cluster, bunch, coil of hair, line, diagram, bank of stream or pool; kuvaṭu branch of a tree; kōṭṭāṉ, kōṭṭuvāṉ rock horned-owl (cf. 1657 Ta. kuṭiñai). Ko. ko·ṛ (obl. ko·ṭ-)horns (one horn is kob), half of hair on each side of parting, side in game, log, section of bamboo used as fuel, line marked out. To. kwï·ṛ (obl. kwï·ṭ-) horn, branch, path across stream in thicket. Ka. kōḍu horn, tusk, branch of a tree; kōr̤ horn. Tu. kōḍů, kōḍu horn. Te. kōḍu rivulet, branch of a river. Pa. kōḍ (pl. kōḍul) horn. Ga. (Oll.) kōr (pl.kōrgul) id. Go. (Tr.) kōr (obl. kōt-, pl. kōhk) horn of cattle or wild animals, branch of a tree; (W. Ph. A. Ch.) kōr (pl. kōhk), (S.) kōr (pl. kōhku), (Ma.) kōr̥u (pl. kōẖku) horn; (M.) kohk branch (Voc. 980); (LuS.) kogoo a horn. Kui kōju (pl. kōska) horn, antler.(DEDR 2200) rebus: kõdā 'to turn in a lathe' (Bengali) कोंद kōnda 'engraver, lapidary setting or infixing gems'; kō̃da कोँद f. potter' kiln, lime or brick kiln (Kashmiri)

Type 2 Focus on the shoulder, horn as upraised arm -- artisan engaged in production of eraka'molten cast' infusion

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eraka 'upraised arm' rebus: Ma. iṟekka to bale out; iṟayuka id., scatter, disperse; iṟava basket for drawing water; eṟiccil rainwater blown in by the wind. To. eṟ- (eṟQ-) to scoop up (water with vessel). Ka. eṟe to pour any liquids, cast (as metal); n. pouring; eṟacu, ercu to scoop, sprinkle, scatter, strew, sow; eṟaka, eraka any metal infusion; molten state, fusion. Tu. eraka molten, cast (as metal); eraguni to melt. Kur.ecchnā to dash a liquid out or over (by scooping, splashing, besprinkling). Cf. 840 Kur. elkhnā (Pfeiffer). (DEDR 866).

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Clik here to view. Fig 11. Anthropomorphic figures, such as this one from Saipai in Uttar Pradesh, are probably cult objects, although some scholars have interpreted them as boomerangs. (Wahal Collection, Kanpur.)

Fig 11. Anthropomorphic figures, such as this one from Saipai in Uttar Pradesh, are probably cult objects, although some scholars have interpreted them as boomerangs. (Wahal Collection, Kanpur.)

Anthropomorphic figures, such as this one from Saipai in Uttar Pradesh, are probably cult objects, although some scholars have interpreted them as boomerangs. (Wahal Collection, Kanpur.)

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Clik here to view. File:Anthropomorphic figures, chalcolithic,Yamuna-Ganga.BKB.jpg

Chalcolitique du bassin Gange-Yamuna. 2800 - 1500 avant notre ère. Provenance : Bisauli (212 km de New Delhi), district de Badaun, Uttar Pradesh. Bharat Kala Bhavan, Varanasi. Inv. n° 94620 et 94621

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Anthropomorphic figures, formed from copper/bronze. Northern India, Doab region, circa 1500.-1200 BCE. Anthropomorph is a signature tune of copper hoard culture.

Composite copper alloy anthropomorphic Meluhha hieroglyphs of Haryana and Sheorajpur: fish, markhor, crocodile, one-horned young bull

Mirror: https://www.academia.edu/12200059/Composite_copper_alloy_anthropomorphic_Meluhha_hieroglyphs_of_Haryana_and_Sheorajpur_fish_markhor_crocodile_one-horned_young_bull

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Clik here to view. Fig2. Map of India showing major cities, states, and sites referred to in text (Map prepared by J. Edens, after author's original)

Fig2. Map of India showing major cities, states, and sites referred to in text (Map prepared by J. Edens, after author's original)

. Map of India showing major cities, states, and sites referred to in text (Map prepared by J. Edens, after author’s original). Find sites of anthropomorphs.

Type 3 Focus on (Embedded with a 'fish' hieroglyph on the chest); spread legs -- कर्णक m. du. the two legs spread out AV. xx , 133 'spread legs'; (semantic determinant)

Rebus: kanahār'helmsman', karNI 'scribe, account''supercargo'. कर्णक 'spread legs' rebus: 'helmsman', karNi 'supercargo' PLUS aya 'fish' rebus: ayas 'alloy metal'. Thus, supercargo/helmsman engaged in alloy metal work

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Anthropomorph with Indus Script ayo 'fish' mẽḍhā 'curved horn' meḍḍha 'ram' rebus: ayo meḍh 'metal merchant' ayo mēdhā 'metal expert' karṇika 'spread legs' rebus: karṇika कर्णिक 'steersman'

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Anthropomorphic figure. Sheorajpur, Kanpur Dist. Inscribed with fish hieroglyph. ca. 2nd millennium BCE. 4 kg; 47.7 X 39 X 2.1 cm. State Museum, Lucknow (O.37)

http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/propylaeumdok/109/1/Yule_2003.pdf

Yule, Paul, 2003, Beyond the Pale of Near Eastern Archaeology: Anthropomorphic Figures from al-Aqir near Bahla’, Sultanate of Oman In: Stöllner, T. (Hrsg.): Mensch und Bergbau Studies in Honour of Gerd Weisgerber on Occasion of his 65th Birthday. Bochum 2003, pp. 537-542

Title / Object:	anthropomorphic sheorajpur
Fund context:	Saipai, Dist. Kanpur
Time of admission:	1981
Pool:	SAI South Asian Archaeology
Image ID:	213 101
Copyright:	Dr Paul Yule, Heidelberg
Photo credit:	Yule, Metalwork of the Bronze in India, Pl 23 348 (dwg)

Saipal, Dist. Etawah, UP. Anthropomorph, type I. 24.1x27.04x0.76 cm., 1270 gm., both sides show a chevron patterning, left arm broken off (Pl. 22, 337). Purana Qila Coll. Delhi (74.12/4) -- Lal, BB, 1972, 285 fig. 2d pl. 43d

कर्णक m. du. the two legs spread out AV. xx , 133 'spread legs' rebus: कर्णिक [p= 257,2] m. a steersman W.

Hieroglyph: So. ayo `fish'. Go. ayu `fish'. Go <ayu> (Z), <ayu?u> (Z),, <ayu?> (A) {N} ``^fish''. Kh. kaDOG `fish'. Sa. Hako `fish'. Mu. hai (H) ~ haku(N) ~ haikO(M) `fish'. Ho haku `fish'. Bj. hai `fish'. Bh.haku `fish'. KW haiku ~ hakO |Analyzed hai-kO, ha-kO (RDM). Ku. Kaku`fish'.@(V064,M106) Mu. ha-i, haku `fish' (HJP). @(V341) ayu>(Z), <ayu?u> (Z) <ayu?>(A) {N} ``^fish''. #1370. <yO>\\<AyO>(L) {N} ``^fish''. #3612. <kukkulEyO>,,<kukkuli-yO>(LMD) {N} ``prawn''. !Serango dialect. #32612. <sArjAjyO>,,<sArjAj>(D) {N} ``prawn''. #32622. <magur-yO>(ZL) {N} ``a kind of ^fish''. *Or.<>. #32632. <ur+GOl-Da-yO>(LL) {N} ``a kind of ^fish''. #32642.<bal.bal-yO>(DL) {N} ``smoked fish''. #15163. (Munda Etyma)

Rebus: Ayo & Aya (nt.) [Sk. ayaḥ nt. iron & ore, Idg. *ajes -- , cp. Av. ayah, Lat. aes, Goth. aiz, Ohg. ēr (= Ger. Erz.), Ags. ār (= E. ore).] iron. The nom. ayo found only in set of 5 metals forming an alloy of gold (jātarūpa), viz. ayo, loha (copper), tipu (tin), sīsa (lead),

sajjha (silver) A iii.16 = S v.92; of obl. cases only the instr. ayasāoccurs Dh 240 (= ayato DhA iii.344); Pv i.1013 (paṭikujjita, of Niraya). -- Iron is the material used kat)e)coxh/n in the outfit & construction of Purgatory or Niraya (see niraya & Avīci & cp. Vism 56 sq.). -- In compn. both ayo˚ & aya˚ occur as bases. I. ayo˚: -- kapāla an iron pot A iv.70 (v. l. ˚guhala); Nd2 304 iii. d 2 (of Niraya). -- kūṭa an iron hammer PvA 284. -- khīla an iron stake S v.444; M iii.183 = Nd2304 iii. c; SnA 479. -- guḷa an iron ball S v.283; Dh 308; It 43 = 90; Th 2, 489; DA i.84. -- ghana an iron club Ud 93; VvA 20. -- ghara an iron house J iv.492. -- paṭala an iron roof or ceiling (of Niraya) PvA 52. -- pākāra an iron fence Pv i.1013 = Nd2 304 iii. d 1. -- maya made of iron Sn 669 (kūṭa); J iv.492 (nāvā); Pvi.1014 (bhūmi of N.); PvA 43, 52. -- muggara an iron club PvA 55. -- sanku an iron spike S iv.168; Sn 667. II. aya˚: -- kapāla = ayo˚ DhA i.148 (v. l. ayo˚). -kāra a worker in iron Miln 331. -- kūṭa = ayo˚ J i.108; DhA ii.69 (v. l.). -- nangala an iron plough DhA i.223;iii.67. -- paṭṭaka an iron plate or sheet (cp. loha˚) J v.359. -- paṭhavi an iron floor (of Avīci) DhA i.148. -- sanghāṭaka an iron (door) post DhA iv.104. -- sūla an iron stake Sn 667; DhA i.148.(Pali)

Hieroglyph: M. mẽḍhā m. ʻ crook or curved end (of a horn, stick, &c.) ʼ *miḍḍa ʻ defective ʼ. 2. *miṇḍa -- . 3. *miṇḍha -- 1. 4. *mēṭṭa -- 1. 5. *mēṇḍa -- 1. 6. *mēṇḍha -- 1. [Cf. *mitta -- and list s.v. *maṭṭa -- ; --mḗṭati, mḗḍati ʻ is mad ʼ Dhātup. -- Cf. *mēṭṭa -- 2 ʻ lump ʼ]1. G. miḍiyɔ ʻ having horns bent over forehead (of oxen and goats) ʼ.2. G. mī˜ḍũ ʻ having rims turned over ʼ.3. S. miṇḍhiṇo ʻ silent and stupid in appearance but really treacherous and cunning ʼ; G. miṇḍhũ ʻ having deep -- laid plans, crafty, conceited ʼ.4. A. meṭā ʻ slow in work, heavy -- bodied ʼ.5. Or. meṇḍa ʻ foolish ʼ; H. mẽṛā, mẽḍā m. ʻ ram with curling horns ʼ, °ḍī f. ʻ she -- goat do. ʼ.6. Or. meṇḍha ʻ foolish ʼ, °ḍhā ʻ fool ʼ; M. mẽḍhā m. ʻ crook or curved end (of a horn, stick, &c.) ʼ.(CDIAL 10120) mēṇḍha2 m. ʻ ram ʼ, °aka -- , mēṇḍa -- 4, miṇḍha -- 2, °aka -- , mēṭha -- 2, mēṇḍhra -- , mēḍhra -- 2, °aka -- m. lex. 2. *mēṇṭha- (mēṭha -- m. lex.). 3. *mējjha -- . [r -- forms (which are not attested in NIA.) are due to further sanskritization of a loan -- word prob. of Austro -- as. origin (EWA ii 682 with lit.) and perh. related to the group s.v. bhēḍra -- ] 1. Pa. meṇḍa -- m. ʻ ram ʼ, °aka -- ʻ made of a ram's horn (e.g. a bow) ʼ; Pk. meḍḍha -- , meṁḍha -- (°ḍhī -- f.), °ṁḍa -- , miṁḍha -- (°dhiā -- f.), °aga -- m. ʻ ram ʼ, Dm. Gaw. miṇ Kal.rumb. amŕn/aŕə ʻ sheep ʼ (a -- ?); Bshk. mināˊl ʻ ram ʼ; Tor. miṇḍ ʻ ram ʼ, miṇḍāˊl ʻ markhor ʼ; Chil. mindh*ll ʻ ram ʼ AO xviii 244 (dh!), Sv. yēṛo -- miṇ; Phal. miṇḍ, miṇ ʻ ram ʼ, miṇḍṓl m. ʻ yearling lamb, gimmer ʼ; P. mẽḍhā m., °ḍhī f., ludh. mīḍḍhā, mī˜ḍhā m.; N. meṛho, meṛo ʻ ram for sacrifice ʼ; A. mersāgʻ ram ʼ ( -- sāg < *chāgya -- ?), B. meṛā m., °ṛi f., Or. meṇḍhā, °ḍā m., °ḍhi f., H. meṛh, meṛhā, mẽḍhā m., G. mẽḍhɔ, M. mẽḍhā m., Si. mäḍayā. 2. Pk. meṁṭhī -- f. ʻ sheep ʼ; H. meṭhā m. ʻ ram ʼ. 3. H. mejhukā m. ʻ ram ʼ. *mēṇḍharūpa -- , mēḍhraśr̥ṅgī -- . Addenda: mēṇḍha -- 2: A. also mer (phonet. mer) ʻ ram ʼ (CDIAL 10310)

Rebus: meḍh ‘helper of merchant’ (Gujarati)

Type 4 Eight Copper anthropomorphs of Sinauli, Bull's head

with horns and ficus leaf

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The recent discoveries in Sinauli of chariots and swords have to be evaluated for their significance in the context of a find in 2015 of a metal crown jewel of breath-taking beauty shown below in a computer reconstruction.

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:A computer reconstruction of the copper crown found in Baghpat in Uttar Pradesh in 2015 (See Annex II report) Photo: PTI

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An explanatory note in Annex I details the significance of 'ficus glomerata' (Sign327 Indus Script) as an Indus Script Hypertext. The hypertext reads: lohkarṇīka 'metal (guild) helmsman (master)'. It may also signify lohkarṇī 'metal supercargo(a representative of the ship's owner on board a merchant ship, responsible for overseeing the cargo and its sale.).'

The top lid of the wooden box (referred to as kabragah, 'coffins or samādhisthal') has eight identical copper anthropomorphs in bas relief. I suggest that these are read as Indus Script hypertexts, composed of human faces with with a head gear (crown) composed of curved horns holding a pipal leaf in the middle. Sanjay Kumar Manjul explains in Hindi in the video cited above: "इस लकड़ी में बनी है इस के ऊपर जो मानव आकृति बने हैं इस में आप देखेंगे सिंग, बीच में पीपल लीफ, जैसा उनका क्राउन है, बाड़ी, और उनके पास सम्भवता कुछ आयुध उसके पास...ऐसे आठ डेपिक्शन जो कॉफिन के ऊपरी लिड में डेपिक्ट हुए हैं ..." Translation: "coffin made of wood. Lid is decorated with anthropomorphs (bas-relief) with horns, pipal leaf in the middle,making it a crown, body of the seated person and perhaps some weapon beside him...like this there are eight anthropomorphs depicted on the lid."
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Type 5 Gold anthropomorph, dance-posture

Sinauli gold anthropomorph. Dance posture

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Rotating left 45% and enlarging to 150%, the photo-shopped image of the Sanauli gold anthropomorph looks a little more life-like, as a dance-step of a person wearing a round hat. I suggest that the anthropomorph signifies 1. a goldsmith, working with metals (iron, copper). 2. ingots

3. supercargo, helmsman

Since the round hat signified on the Sanauli gold anthropomorph is comparable to the round hats worn by 'smiths' of the bull-boat/chariot discussed by Massimo Vidale, I suggest that the Sanauli gold anthropomorph with a round hat signifies a smith in a फडा phaḍā 'metals manufactory’ (For discussion by Massimo Vidale, see: https://www.harappa.com/content/lady-spiked-throne
Full text https://www.harappa.com/sites/default/files/pdf/Spiked-Throne.pdf

करण m. writer , scribe W. m. a man of a mixed class (the son of an outcast क्षत्रिय Mn. x , 22 ; or the son of a शूद्र woman by a वैश्य Ya1jn5. i , 92; or the son of a वैश्य woman by a क्षत्रिय MBh. i , 2446 ; 4521 ; the occupation of this class is writing , accounts &c ) (Samskrtam) कारणी or कारणीक [ kāraṇī or kāraṇīka ] a (कारण S) That causes, conducts, carries on, manages. Applied to the prime minister of a state, the supercargo of a ship &c. (Marathi) [kárṇa -- , dhāra -- 1] Pa. kaṇṇadhāra -- m. ʻ helmsman ʼ; Pk. kaṇṇahāra -- m. ʻ helmsman, sailor ʼ; H. kanahār m. ʻ helmsman, fisherman (CDIAL 2836)

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karaṇa 'dance step'; A kind of rhythmical pause, beat of the hand to keep time; अनुगर्जितसंधिग्धाः करणै- र्मुरजस्वनाः Ku.6.4. rebus करण the occupation of this class is writing , accounts &c; writer, scribe. karaṇa करण A writer, जज्ञे धीमांस्ततस्तस्यां युयुत्सुः करणो नृप Mb.1.115. 43; Ms.1.22.(Apte) karaṇa 'rhythm, time; dramatic action, dancing posture'. Rotating left 45% and enlarging to 150%, the photo-shopped image of the Sanauli gold anthropomorph looks a little more life-like, as a dance-step of a person wearing a round hat.

karaṇa 'dance step'; A kind of rhythmical pause, beat of the hand to keep time; अनुगर्जितसंधिग्धाः करणै- र्मुरजस्वनाःKu.6.4. rebus करण the occupation of this class is writing , accounts &c; writer, scribe. karaṇa करण A writer, जज्ञेधीमांस्ततस्तस्यां युयुत्सुः करणो नृप Mb.1.115. 43; Ms.1.22.(Apte) कारणिक fn. (g. काश्य्-ादि) "investigating , ascertaining the cause",a judge Pan5cat.; a teacher MBh. ii , 167.

Type 6 Ram with bent horns, spread legs, ligatured with the head of a boar and embedded with hieroglyph of one-horned young bull

On one anthropomorph, an over-written Brahmi inscription is found and deciphered. Summary: barāh, baḍhi 'boar' vāḍhī, bari, barea 'merchant' bārakaśa 'seafaring vessel'. manji 'dhow, seafaring vessel'eka-shingi 'one-masted' koḍiya ‘young bull’, koṭiya 'dhow', kũdār 'turner, brass-worker'.

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A composite copper Anthropomorphic figure along with a copper sword was found by Dr. Sanjay Manjul, Director, Institute of Archaeology at the Central Antiquity Section, ASI, Purana Qila in 2005. This composite copper Anthropomorph is a solitary example in the copper hoard depicting aVarah head. The Anthropomorphic figure, its inscription and animal motif that it bears, illustrate the continuity between the Harappan and Early Historical period.

Decipherment of Varāha anthropomorph: कर्णक 'spread legs' rebus: कर्णक 'helmsman'

বরাহ barāha 'boar'Rebus: bāṛaï 'carpenter' barea 'merchant', कोंद kōnda ‘engraver, lapidary setting or infixing gems’ PLUS Tor. miṇḍ 'ram', miṇḍā́l 'markhor' (CDIAL 10310) Rebus: meḍ (Ho.); mẽṛhet 'iron' (Munda.Ho.) med 'copper' (Slavic).

bāḍisa or బాడిసె bāḍisa. [Tel.] n. A carpenter's adze. (Telugu)

With this decipherment, the body hieroglyph with spread legs with 48 variants (including ligatured hieroglyph components) is also deciphered as: कर्णक 'helmsman' PLUS mē̃d, mēd 'body' rebus: mē̃d, mēd 'iron', med 'copper' (Slavic). Thus the body hieroglyph signifies an iron helmsman seafaring merchant.
The rebus readings of the composite hieroglyph may be suggested:
1. khoṇḍ, kõda 'young bull-calf' खोंड [ khōṇḍa ] m A young bull, a bullcalf. (Marathi) ‘Pannier’ glyph: खोंडी [ khōṇḍī ] f An outspread shovelform sack (as formed temporarily out of a कांबळा, to hold or fend off grain, chaff &c.) Rebus: kõdā ‘to turn in a lathe’ (Bengali) kũdār ‘turner, brass-worker’. कोंद kōnda ‘engraver, lapidary setting or infixing gems’ (Marathi) kunda 'a nidhi of Kubera',kundaṇa 'fine gold'. This reading of young bull using Indus Script Cipher explains the hieroglyphs seen on the Lydia electrum coin of 7th cent. BCE.

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Clik here to view.kundar 'young bull' rebus: kunda'wealth', kundaṇa 'fine gold'ariye 'lion' (Akkadian) rebus: āra'brass, alloy of copper and zinc' as in: ārakūṭa 'brass'(Samskrtam)

Tor. miṇḍ 'ram', miṇḍā́l 'markhor' (CDIAL 10310) Rebus: meḍ (Ho.); mẽṛhet 'iron' (Munda.Ho.) med 'copper' (Slavic)

कर्णक 'spread legs' rebus: 'helmsman', karNi 'supercargo'; meṛed 'iron' rebus: meḍh 'merchant' ayo 'fish' rebus: aya 'iron' ayas 'metal'; 2. कर्णक 'spread legs' rebus: 'helmsman', karṇi 'supercargo' Indicative that the merchant is seafaring metalsmith. karṇadhāra m. ʻ helmsman ʼ Suśr. [kárṇa -- , dhāra -- 1]Pa. kaṇṇadhāra -- m. ʻ helmsman ʼ; Pk. kaṇṇahāra -- m. ʻ helmsman, sailor ʼ; H. kanahār m. ʻ helmsman, fisherman ʼ.(CDIAL 2836)

baḍhia = a castrated boar, a hog; rebus: baḍhi ‘a caste who work both in iron and wood’ baḍhoe ‘a carpenter, worker in wood’; badhoria ‘expert in working in wood’(Santali) বরাহ barāha 'boar'Rebus: bāṛaï 'carpenter' (Bengali) bari 'merchant' barea 'merchant' (Santali) बारकश or बारकस [ bārakaśa or bārakasa ] n ( P) A trading vessel, a merchantman.

“In Nirukta V.4, Yaska gives the different senses in which the word Varāha is used in the Vedas, as the boar, as the rain cloud, as the Madhyamika-devaganas, the deities of the middle region, probably of the rain clouds, and as the Angirases, and he quotes a Brahmana text which explains Varāha, the rain cloud, as ‘varam āhāram AhArshIh’: ‘(O Cloud!) Thou hast brought excellent food,’…The Nairukta view that the Varāha of the legend is the Soma day of the sacrifice must have come down from very ancient tradition preserved from generation to generation in the priestly families…The Taitt. Samhita’s identifying the wealth brought by Vishnu with the altar Vedi seems to be the result of another play upon the word Varāha in the sense of the bringer of the altar. The Aitareya Brahmana I.18, referring to the text ‘atha im avasya vara A prithivyāh’, says that vara means the sacrificial ground devayajana. The expression ‘vara A prithivyAh’ also occurs in RV 3.53.11, which Mr. Griffith renders as the ‘Earth’s choicest place = the algar’.”(Aiyangar, Narayan, Essays on Indo-Aryan Mythology, Vol. I, 1901, Repr. AES 1987, Delhi, p.188)
pōtramपोत्रम् [पू-त्र] 1 The snout of a hog; धृतविधुरधरं महा- वराहं गिरिगुरुपोत्रमपी
हितैर्जयन्तम् Bk.1.6; Ki.13.53.-2 A boat, ship.-3 A plough share.-4 The thunderbolt. -5 A garment.-6 The office of the Potṛi.-Comp. -आयुधः a hog varāhḥ वराहः [वराय अभीष्टाय मुस्तादिलाभाय आहन्ति भूमिम् आ-हन्-ड Tv.] 1 A boar, hog; विस्रब्धं क्रियतां वराहततिभिर्मुस्ताक्षतिः पल्वले Ś.2.6. -2 A ram. -3A bull. -4 A cloud. -5 A crocodile. -6 An array of troops in the form of a boar. (Apte)

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See:

http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/propylaeumdok/109/1/Yule_2003.pdf P. Yule, “Beyond the Pale of Near Eastern Archaeology: Anthropomorphic Figures from al-Aqir near Bahla’, Sultanate of Oman” within: T. Stöllner et al. (Hrsg.), “Mensch und Bergbau Studies in Honour of Gerd Weisgerber on Occasion of his 65th Birthday”, (Bochum 2003) 537-542

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After Fig. 6, ibid.

“The Copper Hoards Problem: A Technological Angle” D. P. AGRAWAL Asian Perspectives Vol. 12 (1969), pp. 113-119 Published by: University of Hawai’i Press http://www.jstor.org/stable/42929067
Page Count: 7 https://www.scribd.com/document/359287585/Copper-Hoards-DP-Agarwal-1969

"THE AUTHORSHIP AND AGE. The Copper Hoards are a unique and probably isolated phenomenon in Indian prehistory. They probably represent the original inhabitants of the tangled, wooded country of the Doab, before the Painted Gray Ware people started clearing the forests. It may be noted that eastern India had contacts with Southeast Asia in Neolithic times (Dani 1960; Worman 1949). Latest research in Thailand (Solheim 1967) shows that bronze technology there starts by ca. 2300 B.C. as indicated by the radiocarbon dates for the Non Nok Tha site: TF-651, 2325±200 B.C. and GaK-956, 2290±90 B.C. [Copper socketed tool tentatively dated 3590±320 B.c, GaK 1034. Ed.] This suggests the probability of inspiration from Southeast Asia for the Copper Hoards although an independent origin is not precluded. But western contacts were impossible because of the forest barriers. Lal (1951) and Gupta (1963, 1965) identified the Hoards with the Mundas. It is worth noting that the eastern Austronesian tribes (forefathers of the Mon-Khmers, linguistically affiliated with the Mundas) independently developed the use of metal. And north-east India has been considered an integral part of Southeast Asia in the Neolithic period (Bongard-Levin and Deopik 1957). If we take the Plateau zone as the primary center because of its simpler types (barcelt was a mining tool) the diffusion probability from Southeast Asia becomes more plausible. Those people possessing the mysterious skill of metallurgy were probably released from the kinship bonds of the tribes and thus became the itinerant smiths who later developed the Doab zone of the Copper Hoards. The age of the Copper Hoards is more difficult to arrive at. If the OCP association of the Copper Hoards is accepted, they are pre-Po G. Ware and even pre-Black-and-Red ware in the Doab. For precision in dating one will have to await the testimony of the spade." (DP Agarwal, 1969, The copper hoards problem, a technological angle, in: Asian Perspectives XII, p.118)
http://crossasia-repository.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/1895/1/Metalwork_BronzeAge_India.pdf P. Yule, 1985, “Metalwork of the Bronze Age in India”
“The Copper Hoard Culture of the Gangā Valley” – B. Lal (1972), “The Copper Hoard culture of the Gangā Valley”. Antiquity, 46 (184), 282-287. doi:10.1017/S0003598X00053886
– https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/antiquity/article/copper-hoard-culture-of-the-ganga-valley/EB6ABFD8D5BD193835C0145C3BD55925

– J. Manuel, “The antecedent’s diverse influences on and by Vaishnava Art, as perceptible from the times of Copper Anthropomorphic Figures” within: Journal of Religious History South Asia, Vol. A-1 (Published Fall 2015) – http://www.jorhsa.com/Edition_2015/Copper.pdf

“On Copper Age Anthropomorphic Figures from North India An Ethnological Interpretation”
Jürgen W. Frembgen East and West Vol. 46, No. 1/2 (June 1996), pp. 177-182 Published by: Istituto Italiano per l’Africa e l’Oriente (IsIAO) http://www.jstor.org/stable/29757261
Page Count: 6

T.K.D GUPTA, “The anthropomorphic figures of the copper-hoards from India”
– https://www.researchgate.net/publication/306878726_The_anthropomorphic_figures_of_the_copper-hoards_from_India

– http://bharatkalyan97.blogspot.co.il/2016/07/all-four-types-of-anthropomorphs-of.html
– http://bharatkalyan97.blogspot.co.il/2015/05/composite-copper-alloy-anthropomorphic.html
– http://bharatkalyan97.blogspot.co.il/2014/01/stunning-metallic-ceiling-of-shivrajpur.html
– http://bharatkalyan97.blogspot.co.il/2014/01/meluhha-hieroglyphs-snarling-iron-of.html
– http://bharatkalyan97.blogspot.co.il/2014/01/stunning-metallic-ceiling-of-shivrajpur.html
– http://www.business-standard.com/article/specials/naman-ahuja-is-mastering-the-art-of-reaching-out-114092501180_1.html

https://tinyurl.com/jfhcb63

http://tinyurl.com/jukgebp

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1525/aa.1968.70.5.02a00030/pdf (BB Lal, 1968, A deluge? Which deluge? Yet another facet of the problem of the Copper Hoard Culture, pp.857-863)

"A fragment of an anthropomorph came to light in controlled excavations at Lothal and a second one at Saipai Lichchwai, Etawah district. The doabhoards are associated with the so-called Ochre Coloured Pottery (OCP) which appears to be closely associated with the Late Harappan (or Posturban) phase. As early as the 19th century, stray hoard objects became known and established themselves as an important find group in the two-river land of northern India. The dating is unclear. These hoard artefacts are a main manifestation of the archaeology of India during the metals age...In a milestone publication B.B. Lalpublished 35 from the Gangetic basin, from the central peninsula and the eastern part of India.( B.B. Lal, Further Copper Hoards from the Gangetic Basin and a Review of the Problem, Ancient India 7, 1951, 20-39)" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_Hoard_Culture

Brāhmī inscription on Indus Script anthropomorph reads (on the assumption that Line 3 is an inscription with Indus Script hypertexts):

śam ña ga kī ma jhi tha mū̃h baṭa baran khāṇḍā

samjñā 'symbol, sign'

kī ma jhi tha 'of Majhitha'

Sha (?) Da Ya शद sad-a 'produce (of a country)'.-shad-ya, m. one who takes part in an assembly, spectator

Meaning:

Line 1 (Brāhmī syllables): samjñā 'symbol, sign' (of)

Line 2 (Brāhmī syllables): kī ma jhi tha 'of Majhitha locality or mã̄jhī boatpeople community or workers in textile dyeing: majīṭh 'madder'. The reference may also be to mañjāḍi (Kannada) 'Adenanthera seed weighing two kuṉṟi-mani, used by goldsmiths as a weight'.

Line 3 (Indus Script hieroglyphs): baṭa 'iron' bharat 'mixed alloys' (5 copper, 4 zinc and 1 tin) mū̃h'ingots' khāṇḍā 'equipments'.

Alternative reading of Line 3 (if read as Brāhmī syllables): Sha (?) Da Ya शद sad-a signifies: 'produce (of a country' or -shad-ya, m. one who takes part in an assembly, spectator.

Thus,an alternative reading is that the threelines may signify symbol of मांझीथा Majhīthā sadya 'assembly participant' or member of mã̄jhī boatpeople assembly (community).

Thus, this is a proclamation, a hoarding which signifies the Majitha locality (working in) iron, mixed alloys (bharat) ingots and equipments. Alternative reding is: symbol (of) produce of Majhitha locality or community

Alternatives:

A cognate word signifies boatman: *majjhika ʻ boatman ʼ. [Cf. maṅga -- ?] N. mājhi, mã̄jhi ʻ boatman ʼ; A. māzi ʻ steersman ʼ, B. māji; Or. mājhi ʻ steersman ʼ, majhiā ʻ boatman ʼ, Bi. Mth. H. mã̄jhī m.(CDIAL 9714).மஞ்சி² mañci, n. 1. cf. mañca. [M. mañji.] Cargo boat with a raised platform; படகு. Thus, a majhitha artisan is also a boatman.

A cognate word is: mañjiṣṭhā f. ʻ the Indian madder (Rubia cordifolia and its dye) ʼ Kauś. [mañjiṣṭha -- ] Pa. mañjeṭṭhī -- f. ʻ madder ʼ, Pk. maṁjiṭṭhā -- f.; K. mazēṭh, dat. ˚ṭhi f. ʻ madder plant and dye (R. cordifolia or its substitute Geranium nepalense) ʼ; S. mañuṭha, maĩṭha f. ʻ madder ʼ; P. majīṭ(h), mãj˚ f. ʻ root of R. cordifolia ʼ; N. majiṭho ʻ R. cordifolia ʼ, A. mezāṭhi, maz˚, OAw. maṁjīṭha f.; H. mãjīṭ(h), maj˚ f. ʻ madder ʼ, G. majīṭh f., Ko. mañjūṭi; -- Si. madaṭa ʻ a small red berry ʼ, madaṭiya ʻ the tree with red wood Adenanthera pavonina (Leguminosae) ʼ; Md. madoři ʻ a weight ʼ.māñjiṣṭha -- .Addenda: mañjiṣṭhā -- [Cf. Drav. Kan. mañcaṭige, mañjāḍi, mañjeṭṭi S. M. Katre]: S.kcch. majīṭh f. ʻ madder ʼ.(CDIAL 9718) மஞ்சிட்டி mañciṭṭi, n. < mañjiṣṭhā. 1. Munjeet, Indian madder, Rubia cordifolia; நீர்ப்பூடுவகை. (I. P.) 2. Arnotto. See சாப்பிரா. (L.) 3. Chayroot for dyeing; சாயவேர். (L.) மஞ்சாடி mañcāṭi, n. [T. manḍzādi, K. mañjāḍi.] 1. Red-wood, m. tr., Adenanthera paronina; மரவகை. 2. Adenanthera seed weighing two kuṉṟi-mani, used by goldsmiths as a weight; இரண்டு குன்றிமணிகளின் எடை கொண்ட மஞ்சாடிவித்து. (S. I. I. i, 114, 116.)

The wor manjhitha may be derived from the root: मञ्ज् mañj मञ्ज् 1 U. (मञ्जयति-ते) 1 To clean, purify, wipe off. Thus, the reference is to a locality of artisans engaged in purifying metals and alloys. Such purifiers or assayers of metal are also referred to as पोतदार pōtadāra m ( P) An officer under the native governments. His business was to assay all money paid into the treasury. He was also the village-silversmith. (Marathi)

Subhash Kak has suggested alternate readings, see: https://medium.com/@subhashkak1/a-reading-of-the-br%C4%81hm%C4%AB-letters-on-an-anthropomorphic-figure-2a3c505a9acd

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The reading of the Munjals is reproduced below:

Sa Thi Ga

Ki Ma Jhi Tha

Sha (?) Da Ya

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Subhash Kak reads the letters as:

śam ña ga

kī ma jhi tha

ta ḍa ya

that is

शं ञ ग
की म झि थ
त ड य

शं झ ग śam ña ga
की म झी थ kī ma jhi tha

Figure 1. The copper object and the text together with the reading in Munjal, S.K. and Munjal, A. (2007). Composite anthropomorphic figure from Haryana: a solitary example of copper hoard. Prāgdhārā (Number 17).

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Third line of Brāhmī inscription: Image may be NSFW.
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Line 3

त ड य ta ḍa ya (This third line has to be read as Indus Script hieroglyphs/hypertexts and NOT as Brami syllables). Subhash Kak suggests that this third line taḍaya may signify"punishment to inimical forces."

Third line read as Indus Script hieroglyphs/hypertexts is deciphered as:

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mū̃h baṭa 'iron ingot',Image may be NSFW.
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baran, bharat 'mixed copper, zinc, tin alloy metal' andImage may be NSFW.
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khāṇḍā metalware.

Anthropomorph found in a foundation of a house in a village called Kheri Gujar in Sonepat District in Haryana. The house itself rests on an ancient mound that has been variously dated to Late Harappan. The object is about 2 kg. and has dimensions of 30×28.5 cm.

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It is possible that Line 3 is a composition of Indus Script Hieroglyphs (and NOT Brāhmī syllables). Framed on this hypothesis, the message of Line 3 signifies:
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mū̃h baṭa 'iron ingot',
baran, bharat 'mixed copper, zinc, tin alloy metal' and
khāṇḍā metalware.

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Hypertext of Sign 336 has hieroglyph components: muka 'ladle' (Tamil)(DEDR 4887) Rebus: mū̃h'ingot' (Santali).PLUSSign 328 baṭa 'rimless pot' rebus: baṭa 'iron'

Sign 48 is a 'backbone, spine' hieroglyph: baraḍo = spine; backbone (Tulu) Rebus: baran, bharat 'mixed alloys' (5 copper, 4 zinc and 1 tin)

Sign 211 'arrow' hieroglyph: kaṇḍa ‘arrow’ (Skt.) H. kãḍerā m. ʻ a caste of bow -- and arrow -- makers (CDIAL 3024). Or. kāṇḍa, kã̄ṛ ʻstalk, arrow ʼ(CDIAL 3023). ayaskāṇḍa ‘a quantity of iron, excellent iron’ (Pāṇ.gaṇ) Thus ciphertext kaṇḍa ‘arrow’ is rebus hypertext kāṇḍa 'excellent iron', khāṇḍā 'tools, pots and pans, metal-ware'.

saṁjñāˊ f. ʻ agreement, understanding ʼ ŚBr., ʻ sign ʼ MBh. [√jñā]Pa. saññā -- f. ʻ sense, sign ʼ, Pk. saṁṇā -- f.; S. sañaṇu ʻ to point out ʼ; WPah.jaun. sān ʻ sign ʼ, Ku. sān f., N. sān; B. sān ʻ understanding, feeling, gesture ʼ; H. sān f. ʻ sign, token, trace ʼ; G. sān f. ʻ sense, understanding, sign, hint ʼ; M. sã̄j̈ f. ʻ rule to make an offering to the spirits out of the new corn before eating it, faithfulness of the ground to yield its usual crop ʼ, sã̄jẽ n. ʻ vow, promise ʼ; Si. sana, ha˚ ʻ sign ʼ; -- P. H. sain f. ʻ sign, gesture ʼ (in mng. ʻ signature ʼ ← Eng. sign), G. sen f. are obscure. Addenda: saṁjñā -- : WPah.J. sā'n f. ʻ symbol, sign ʼ; kṭg. sánku m. ʻ hint, wink, coquetry ʼ, H. sankī f. ʻ wink ʼ, sankārnā ʻ to hint, nod, wink ʼ Him.I 209.(CDIAL 12874)

meḍ 'body', meḍho 'ram' rebus: mẽṛhẽt, meḍ 'iron' (ram hieroglyph, (human) body hieroglyph)

कर्णक m. du. the two legs spread out AV. xx , 133 , 3 rebus: कर्णिक having a helm; a steersman (Monier-Williams)

ayas 'alloy metal' (fish hieroglyph)

कोंद kōnda ‘engraver' (one-horned young bull hieroglyph); kundana 'fine gold' (Kannada).

bāṛaï 'carpenter' (boar hieroglyph)

bari barea 'merchant' (boar hieroglyph)

The anthropomorphs are dharma samjña, signifiers of responsibilities of the metalsmith-carpenter-merchant. Signs 389, 387 signify mũhã̄ kuṭhi 'ingot smelter', mũhã̄ kolami 'ingot smithy, forge'.

Anthropomorphs of Sarasvati Civilization are Indus Script hypertexts which signify metalwork.

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Sign 389, bun-ingot shape (oval) + 'twig', i.e. ingots produced from a smelter. This indicates that copper plates on which this hypertext occurs with high frequency are accounting ledgers of products produced from a smelter.

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Sign 387, bun-ingot shape (oval) + 'riceplant', i.e. ingots worked on in a smithy/forge. This hypertext DOES NOT occur on copper plates. This indicates that Sign 387 signifies ingots processed in a smithy/forge, i.e. to forge ingots into metalware, tools, implements, weapons.

The two distinctly orthographed Indus Script hypertexts signify 1. mũhã̄ kuṭhi 'ingot smelter', 2. mũhã̄ kolami 'ingot smithy, forge'.

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Brāhmī syllables on Lines 1 and 2:

शं झ ग śam ña ga saṁjñā -- : WPah.J. sā'n f. ʻsymbol, signʼ(CDIAL 12874)

की म झी थ kī ma jhi tha

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mū̃h baṭa 'iron ingot',
baran, bharat 'mixed copper, zinc, tin alloy metal' and
khāṇḍā metalware.

Majhitha on Line 2 signifies the name of the locality of the metals workshop.

There are a number of localities in many parts of India with the name Majhitha:

1. Locality Name : Majhitha ( मांझीथा ) Block Name : Singhpur District : Rae Bareli State : Uttar Pradesh Division : Lucknow

2. Majhitha Location: Chhattisgarh, Eastern India, Latitude: 21° 26' 8.2" (21.4356°) northLongitude: 82° 0' 48.3" (82.0134°) east Elevation: 276 metres (906 feet)

3. Village : Majitha Block : Shahpura District : Jabalpur State : Madhya Pradesh Pincode Number : 482053

Majitha
city
Image may be NSFW. Clik here to view. Image may be NSFW. Clik here to view. Majitha Location in Punjab, India
Coordinates: Image may be NSFW. Clik here to view.31.76°N 74.95°E
Country	Image may be NSFW. Clik here to view. India
State	Punjab
District	Amritsar
Government
• Type	state government
Population (2011)
• Total	14,503
Languages
• Official	Punjabi
Time zone	UTC+5:30 (IST)

Majitha is a town and a municipal council in Amritsar district in the Indian state of Punjab. Majhitha Road, Amritsar-143001, Punjab

The Majithia Sirdars are a family of Shergill Jat sardars (chiefs) that came from the area of Majitha in the Punjab.

"Majitha located at (31.76°N 74.95°E) is a city and a municipal council in Amritsar district in the Indian state of Punjab. Majitha holds a distinguished place in the history of Punjab as the well-known Majithia Sirdars (chiefs) came from this region. These were several generals in Maharaja Ranjit Singh's army of the Sikh Empire in the first half of the 19th century.

No less than ten generals from Majitha can be counted in the Maharaja's army during the period of 1800-1849. Chief amongst the Majithia generals during the Sikh Empire were General Lehna Singh, General (aka Raja) Surat Singh, and General Amar Singh. Sons of General Lehna Singh (Sirdar Dyal Singh) and of General Surat Singh (Sirdar Sundar Singh Majithia) had great impact on the affairs of Punjab during the British rule through the latter 1800s and the first half of the 20th century.

Hari Singh Nalwa was the most celebrated general of the Sikh Kingdom. His family was known to have migrated to Gujranwala (now in Pakistan) from Majitha sometime in the eighteenth century." http://www.sikhiwiki.org/index.php/Majitha

Majithia Sirdars term refers to a set of three related families of Sikh sardars (chiefs) that came from the area of Majitha - a town 10 miles north of the Punjab city of Amritsar and rose to prominence in the early 19th century.

The Majithia clans threw in with the rising star of the Sikh misls - Ranjit Singh - during the latter 19th century. As Ranjit Singhestablished the Sikh Empire around the turn of the 19th century, the Majithia sardars gained prominence and became very influential in the Maharaja's army. Ten different Majithia generals can be counted amongst the Sikh army during the period of 1800-1849.

According to the English historians, the Majithia family was one of the three most powerful families in Punjab under the Maharaja. Best known of the Majithia generals were General Desa Singh, General Lehna Singh, General Ranjodh Singh, General Surat Singh and General Amar Singh. In all there were 16 Majithia generals in the court of Maharaja Ranjit Singh.

The son of General Lehna Singh, Sardar Dyal Singh, was perhaps the most significant Punjabi of the late 19th century in the British Punjab. He was the main force behind the founding of Punjab University; was the founder and the owner of The Tribune newspaper - the most respected English-language newspaper in north-western India to this day; and the founder and owner of the Punjab National Bank - also the most powerful bank in north-western India until nationalized by Indira Gandhi in the early 1970s. He was also one of the charter members of the Indian National Congress party - which later became the main Indian nationalist political party and the party of Nehru and Gandhi.

The son of General Surat Singh, Sardar Sundar Singh Majithia, also had tremendous impact on the early 20th century Punjab. He was a main force in the Sikh revivalist movement and was one of the founders of the "Chief Khalsa Diwan Society". Amongst his accomplishments can be counted the establishment of the Khalsa College, Amritsar and the founding of the Punjab and Sind Bank. He was knighted by the British - thus often referred to as Sir Sundar Singh Majithia.

Sardar Sundar Singh's brother, Sardar Umrao Singh, was the father of Amrita Sher-Gil - considered by many to be first great female artist of the Indian subcontinent.

The Majithia family, although referred to by the name of their village Majitha - which is common in Punjab, in actuality belong to the "Shergill" clan of the Jat Sikhs - itself a subset of the "Gill" clan.

Other famous members of the Majithia family are:

Sardar Parkash Singh Majithia, who was one of the most prominent of the Akali leaders of the 70s, 80s and 90s, and was popularly known as 'Majhe da jarnail'. He remained cabinet minister in many Akali governments holding important portfolios like Transport, Agriculture, and Revenue and Rehabilitation. He was elected MLA five times from Majitha constituency. He also played the stellar role during the Anti-Emergency Morcha and the Dharam Yudh Morcha. In the aftermath of Operation Blue Star, he served as the acting President of Akali Dal. Being the senior most Akali leader in the 1990s, he was unanimously appointed the patron of Shiromani Akali Dal, an honour he retained till his last breath.

Sardar Parkash Singh Majitha was also one of the longest serving elected Presidents of the Governing Council of Khalsa College Amritsar. His grandsons Sardar Jagteshwar Singh Majitha (Member, Punjab Public Service Commission), Sardar Ajay Singh Majitha and Sardar Gurteshwar Singh Majitha (senior leader Youth Congress) have also been serving the people of Majitha and have carried the legacy of the family forward. Sardar Parkash Singh Majitha's son late Sardar Simarjit Singh Majithia (Ex. Chairman PUNSEED Punjab) and his nephew Sardar Rajmohinder Singh Majithia (MP and MLA) are also well-known Akali leaders.

Bikram Singh Majithia (Minister and MLA) is another famous Majithia, who is Son of Satyajit Singh Majithia and Grandson of Surjit Singh Majithia and also belongs to the family of the Majithia Sardars. Bikram Singh Majithia was a prominent figure in the Shiromani Akali Dal campaign for the 2007 and 2012 Assembly elections. While in 2007, the party fought a formidable Congress Government, in 2012 Shiromani Akali Dal returned to power consecutively for the second term. Majithia became the president of Youth Akali Dal in 2011.

Bikram Singh Majithia took over as New and Renewable Energy Minister, Punjab, he invited entrepreneurs from across the country and the NRIs to invest in solar power sector. The result was that in a short span Punjab was able to attract investment worth Rs 4,000 crore in this sector and the solar power generation tipped to go up from a meagre 9 megawatt to 541 megawatt by 2016.

Harsimrat Kaur Badal (M.P,President women Shiromani Akali Dal) who is wife of Deputy Chief Minister of Punjab Sukhbir Singh Badal. She also belongs to family of Majithia Sirdars. She is daughter of Satyajit Singh Majithia and Granddaughter of Surjit Singh Majithia as well as daughter-in-law Parkash Singh Badal.

Sardar Nirranjan Singh Majithia(Beriwale) also belongs to Majithia Sardars families.

References

1. Punjab to generate 4,200 MW solar power by 2022: Bikram Singh Majithia HT Correspondent, Hindustan Times 5 May 2015|

2. Provide easy credit for solar power projects: Bikram Singh Majithia Hindustan Times 24 June 2015.

3. Majithia Family.

https://ipfs.io/ipfs/QmXoypizjW3WknFiJnKLwHCnL72vedxjQkDDP1mXWo6uco/wiki/Majithia_Sirdars.html

Pictorial motifs of anthropomorph

Hieroglyph: mẽḍhā 'curved horn', miṇḍāl 'markhor' (Tōrwālī) meḍho a ram, a sheep; mē̃ḍh 'ram' Rebus: Медь [Med'] (Russian, Slavic) 'copper'. meḍ 'iron' (Mu.Ho.)

Rebus: मृदु, मृदा--कर 'iron, thunderbolt' मृदु mṛdu 'a kind of iron' मृदु-कार्ष्णायसम्,-कृष्णायसम् soft-iron, lead.

मेढ mēḍha f A forked stake. Used as a post. Hence a short post generally whether forked or not. Pr. हातीं लागली चेड आणि धर मांडवाची मेढ. मेढा mēḍhā m A stake, esp. as forked. 2 A dense arrangement of stakes, a palisade, a paling. 3 fig. A supporter or backer. मेढेकरी mēḍhēkarī m The pillar, prop, stay of See मेढ्या. मेढेकोट mēḍhēkōṭa m (मेढा & कोट) A dense paling; a palisade or stoccade; any defence of stakes. मेढेजोशी mēḍhējōśī m A stake-जोशी; a जोशी who keeps account of the तिथि &c., by driving stakes into the ground: also a class, or an individual of it, of fortune-tellers, diviners, presagers, seasonannouncers, almanack-makers &c. They are Shúdras and followers of the मेढेमत q. v. 2 Jocosely. The hereditary or settled (quasi fixed as a stake) जोशी of a village. मेढेदाई or मेढेदाईक mēḍhēdāī or mēḍhēdāīka c (मेढा & दाय) The owner of the hedge or fence dividing his enclosure from that of his neighbor. मेढेमत mēḍhēmata n (मेढ Polar star, मत Dogma or sect.) A persuasion or an order or a set of tenets and notions amongst the Shúdra-people. Founded upon certain astrological calculations proceeding upon the North star. Hence मेढेजोशी or डौरीजोशी. मेढ्या mēḍhyā a (मेढ Stake or post.) A term for a person considered as the pillar, prop, or support (of a household, army, or other body), the staff or stay. 2 Applied to a person acquainted with clandestine or knavish transactions. 3 See मेढे- जोशी.(Marathi)

मेढा mēḍhā A twist or tangle arising in thread or cord, a curl or snarl. (Marathi)

मेध m. the juice of meat , broth , nourishing or strengthening drink RV. S3Br. Ka1tyS3r.; a sacrificial animal , victim VS. Br. S3rS.; an animal-sacrifice , offering , oblation , any sacrifice (esp. ifc.) ib. MBh. &c

मेधा f. mental vigour or power , intelligence , prudence , wisdom (pl. products of intelligence , thoughts , opinions) RV. &c; = धन Naigh. ii , 10.

Pictograph: spread legs

Spread legs: कर्णक m. du. the two legs spread out AV. xx , 133 'spread legs'; (semantic determinant) Rebus: karNa 'helmsman', karNI 'scribe, account''supercargo'.

Pictograph: Ram

मेठ a ram भेड m. a ram L. (cf. एड , भेड्र and भेण्ड)

मेंढा mēṇḍhā m (मेष S through H) A male sheep, a ram or tup. 2 A crook or curved end (of a stick, horn &c.) and attrib. such a stick, horn, bullock. मेंढी mēṇḍhī f (मेंढा or H) A female sheep, a newe मेंढें mēṇḍhēṃ n (मेंढा) A sheep. Without reference to sex. 9606 bhēḍra -- , bhēṇḍa -- m. ʻ ram ʼ lex. [← Austro -- as. J. Przyluski BSL xxx 200: perh. Austro -- as. *mēḍra ~ bhēḍra collides with Aryan mḗḍhra -- 1 in mēṇḍhra -- m. ʻ penis ʼ BhP., ʻ ram ʼ lex. -- See also bhēḍa -- 1, mēṣá -- , ēḍa -- . -- The similarity between bhēḍa -- 1, bhēḍra -- , bhēṇḍa -- ʻ ram ʼ and *bhēḍa -- 2 ʻ defective ʼ is paralleled by that between mḗḍhra -- 1, mēṇḍha -- 1 ʻ ram ʼ and *mēṇḍa -- 1, *mēṇḍha -- 2 (s.v. *miḍḍa -- ) ʻ defective ʼ]Ḍ. bēḍa f. ʻ sheep ʼ, K.ḍoḍ. bhĕḍă pl., L. bheḍ̠ f., awāṇ. bheḍ, bhiḍ, P. bheḍ, ˚ḍī f., ˚ḍā m.; WPah.bhal. (LSI) ḍhleḍḍ, (S. Varma) bheṛ, pl. ˚ṛã f. ʻ sheep and goats ʼ, bhad. bheḍḍ, cur. bhraḍḍ, bhēḍḍū, cam. bhēṛ, khaś. bhiḍṛu n. ʻ lamb ʼ; Ku. N. bheṛo ʻ ram ʼ, bheṛi ʻ ewe ʼ; A. bherā, bhẽrā ʻ sheep ʼ; B. bheṛ ʻ ram ʼ, ˚ṛā ʻ sheep ʼ, ˚ṛi ʻ ewe ʼ, Or. bheṛā, ˚ṛi, bhẽṛi; Bi. bhẽṛ ʻ sheep ʼ, ˚ṛā ʻ ram ʼ; Mth. bhẽṛo, ˚ṛī; Bhoj. bheṛā ʻ ram ʼ; Aw.lakh. bhẽṛī ʻ sheep ʼ; H. bheṛ, ˚ṛī f., ˚ṛā m., G. bheṛi f.; -- X mēṣá -- : Kho. beṣ ʻ young ewe ʼ BelvalkarVol 88.*bhaiḍraka -- ; *bhēḍrakuṭikā -- , *bhēḍrapāla -- , *bhēḍravr̥ti -- .Addenda: bhēḍra -- : WPah.kṭg. (kc.) bhèṛ m. ʻ sheep ʼ, bhèṛi f., J. bheḍ m.†*bhēḍravāṭa -- , †*bhēḍriya -- .
1) bhēḍa 9604 bhēḍa1 m. ʻ sheep ʼ, bhaiḍaka -- ʻ of sheep ʼ lex. [bhēḍra- X ēḍa -- ?]Ash. biar ʻ she -- goat ʼ, Pr. byär, Bshk. bür; Tor. birāṭh ʻ he -- goat ʼ, Phal. bhīṛo: all with AO viii 300 doubtful. 9607 *bhēḍrakuṭikā ʻ sheepfold ʼ. [bhēḍra -- , kuṭī -- ]WPah.cam. bhaṛōṛī or < *bhēḍravr̥ti -- .

9608 *bhēḍrapāla ʻ shepherd ʼ. [bhēḍra -- , pālá -- ]G. bharvāṛ m. ʻ shepherd or goatherd ʼ, ˚ṛaṇi f. ʻ his wife ʼ (< *bhaḍvār).*bhēḍravr̥ti -- ʻ sheepfold ʼ. [bhēḍra -- , vr̥ti -- ]See *bhēḍrakuṭikā -- .Addenda: *bhēḍrapāla -- : WPah.kṭg. (kc.) bəḍhàḷɔ m., bəṛaḷɔ m. ʻ shepherd ʼ.9608a †*bhēḍravāṭa -- ʻ sheepfold ʼ. [bhēḍra -- , vāṭa -- 1]WPah.kc. bərhaṛo n. ʻ storey in house where sheep and goats are kept ʼ, bəṛhε̄`ḷ m. id. (< *bhēḍrīvāṭa -- ?), bəṛhāˋḷ m. ʻ sheep shed ʼ Him.I 151, 152.9608b †*bhēḍriya -- ʻ sheep -- killer ʼ. [bhēḍra -- semant. cf. *huḍahāra -- ]WPah.kc. bheṛio m. ʻ jackal ʼ; H. bheṛiyā m. ʻ wolf ʼ. 2512 ēḍa m. ʻ a kind of sheep ʼ KātyŚr., ēḍī -- f., ēḍaka -- 1 m. ʻ a sheep or goat ʼ, aiḍa -- ʻ ovine ʼ MBh., aiḍaká m. ʻ a kind of sheep ʼ ŚBr., iḍikka -- f. ʻ wild goat ʼ lex. [← Drav. EWA i 126 with lit.]Pa. eḷaka -- m. ʻ ram, wild goat ʼ, ˚akā -- , ˚ikā -- , ˚ikī -- f.; Aś. eḍaka -- m. ʻ ram ʼ, ˚kā -- f. ʻ ewe ʼ, NiDoc. heḍ'i ʻ sheep (?) ʼ Burrow KharDoc 10 (cf. h -- in Brahui hēṭ ʻ she -- goat ʼ); Pk. ēla -- , ˚aya -- m. ʻ ram ʼ, ēliyā -- f., ēḍayā -- f., ēḍakka -- m., Paš. weg. ēṛāˊ, kuṛ. e_ṛṓ, ar. yeṛó, že˚ m. ʻ ram ʼ, weg. ēṛī, kuṛ. e_˚, ar. ye˚ f. ʻ ewe ʼ; Shum. yēṛə, yeṛṓlik m. ʻ sheep ʼ, yeṛélik f., Gaw. ēṛa, yē˚ m., ēṛī, yē˚ f., Bshk. īr f., Tor. öi f. (less likely < ávi -- ), Mai. "'ī" Barth NTS xviii 123, Sv. yeṛo m., ēṛia f., Phal. yīṛo m., ˚ṛi f., Sh. jij. ḗṛi; S. eli -- pavharu m. ʻ goatherd ʼ; Si. eḷuvā ʻ goat ʼ; <-> X bhēḍra -- q.v.*kaiḍikā -- . 5152 Ta. yāṭu, āṭu goat, sheep; āṭṭ-āḷ shepherd. Ma. āṭu goat, sheep; āṭṭukāran shepherd. Ko. a·ṛ (obl. a·ṭ-) goat. To. o·ḍ id. Ka. āḍu id. Koḍ. a·ḍï id. Tu. ēḍů id. Te. ēḍika, (B.) ēṭa ram. Go. (Tr. Ph. W.) yēṭī, (Mu. S.) ēṭi she-goat (Voc. 376). Pe. ōḍa goat. Manḍ. ūḍe id. Kui ōḍa id. Kuwi (Mah. p. 110) o'ḍā, (Ḍ.) ōḍa id. Kur. ēṛā she-goat. Malt. éṛeid. Br. hēṭ id. / Cf. Skt. eḍa-, eḍaka-, eḍī- a kind of sheep; Turner, CDIAL, no. 2512.

1) mēṇḍha (p. 596) 10310 mēṇḍha2 m. ʻ ram ʼ, ˚aka -- , mēṇḍa -- 4, miṇḍha -- 2, ˚aka -- , mēṭha -- 2, mēṇḍhra -- , mēḍhra -- 2, ˚aka -- m. lex. 2. *mēṇṭha- (mēṭha -- m. lex.). 3. *mējjha -- . [r -- forms (which are not attested in NIA.) are due to further sanskritization of a loan -- word prob. of Austro -- as. origin (EWA ii 682 with lit.) and perh. related to the group s.v. bhēḍra -- ]1. Pa. meṇḍa -- m. ʻ ram ʼ, ˚aka -- ʻ made of a ram's horn (e.g. a bow) ʼ; Pk. meḍḍha -- , meṁḍha -- (˚ḍhī -- f.), ˚ṁḍa -- , miṁḍha -- (˚dhiā -- f.), ˚aga -- m. ʻ ram ʼ, Dm. Gaw. miṇKal.rumb. amŕn/aŕə ʻ sheep ʼ (a -- ?); Bshk. mināˊl ʻ ram ʼ; Tor. miṇḍ ʻ ram ʼ, miṇḍāˊl ʻ markhor ʼ; Chil. mindh*ll ʻ ram ʼ AO xviii 244 (dh!), Sv. yēṛo -- miṇ; Phal. miṇḍ, miṇ ʻ ram ʼ, miṇḍṓl m. ʻ yearling lamb, gimmer ʼ; P. mẽḍhā m., ˚ḍhī f., ludh. mīḍḍhā, mī˜ḍhā m.; N. meṛho, meṛo ʻ ram for sacrifice ʼ; A. mersāg ʻ ram ʼ ( -- sāg < *chāgya -- ?), B. meṛā m., ˚ṛi f., Or. meṇḍhā, ˚ḍā m., ˚ḍhi f., H. meṛh, meṛhā, mẽḍhā m., G. mẽḍhɔ, M. mẽḍhā m., Si. mäḍayā.2. Pk. meṁṭhī -- f. ʻ sheep ʼ; H. meṭhā m. ʻ ram ʼ.3. H. mejhukā m. ʻ ram ʼ.*mēṇḍharūpa -- , mēḍhraśr̥ṅgī -- .Addenda: mēṇḍha -- 2: A. also mer (phonet. mer) ʻ ram ʼ AFD 235. 10311 *mēṇḍharūpa ʻ like a ram ʼ. [mēṇḍha -- 2, rūpá -- ] Bi. mẽṛhwā ʻ a bullock with curved horns like a ram's ʼ; M. mẽḍhrū̃ n. ʻ sheep ʼ. 10312 *mēṇḍhī ʻ lock of hair, curl ʼ. [Cf. *mēṇḍha -- 1 s.v. *miḍḍa -- ]S. mī˜ḍhī f., ˚ḍho m. ʻ braid in a woman's hair ʼ, L. mē̃ḍhī f.; G. mĩḍlɔ, miḍ˚ m. ʻ braid of hair on a girl's forehead ʼ; M. meḍhā m. ʻ curl, snarl, twist or tangle in cord or thread ʼ.

10323 mḗdas n. ʻ fat, marrow ʼ RV., mēda -- m. ʻ fat ʼ R.Pa. mēda -- n. ʻ fat ʼ, Pk. mēa -- m.n.; Wg. muī ʻ marrow ʼ; Shum. mīˊə̃ ʻ fat of an animal ʼ; Kal.rumb. meh, urt. me_ sb. ʻ fat ʼ; Bshk. ãdotdot; m. ʻ fat ʼ, muyū ʻ brain ʼ; Tor. (Biddulph) mih f. ʻ fat ʼ, mīm f. ʻ brain ʼ (< *mẽ AO viii 306); Sv. mī m. ʻ fat, marrow ʼ; Phal. mī m. ʻ marrow ʼ; Sh. mī˜ f. ʻ fat ʼ, (Lor.) mī f. ʻ fat ʼ, miyo ʻ marrow ʼ.

10327 mḗdha m. ʻ sacrificial oblation ʼ RV.Pa. mēdha -- m. ʻ sacrifice ʼ; Si. mehe, mē sb. ʻ eating

10327a †mḗdhya -- ʻ full of vigour ʼ AV., ʻ fit for sacrifice ʼ Br. [mḗdha -- m. or mēdhāˊ -- f. ʻ mental vigour ʼ RV.]Pa. mejjha -- ʻ pure ʼ, Pk. mejjha -- , mijjha -- ; A. mezi ʻ a stack of straw for ceremonial burning ʼ.

Pictograph boar: barāh, baḍhi 'boar' vāḍhī, bari, barea 'merchant' bārakaśa 'seafaring vessel'.

The evidence relates to the semantics of worker in wood and iron. He is called बढई baḍhī.

बढई baḍhī m ( H) A carpenter. (Marathi) పట్టడ paṭṭaḍa paṭṭaḍu. [Tel.] n. A smithy, a shop. కుమ్మరి వడ్లంగి మొదలగువారు పనిచేయు చోటు. వడ్రంగి, వడ్లంగి,వడ్లవాడు vaḍraṅgi, vaḍlaṅgi, vaḍlavāḍu or వడ్లబత్తుడు vaḍrangi. [Tel.] n. A carpenter. వడ్రంగము, వడ్లపని, వడ్రము or వడ్లంగితనము vaḍrangamu. n. The trade of a carpenter. వడ్లవానివృత్తి. వడ్రంగిపని. వడ్రంగిపిట్ట or వడ్లంగిపిట్ట vaḍrangi-piṭṭa. n. A woodpecker. దార్వాఘాటము. వడ్లకంకణము vaḍla-kankaṇamu. n. A curlew. ఉల్లంకులలో భేదము. వడ్లత or వడ్లది vaḍlata. n. A woman of the carpenter caste. vardhaki m. ʻ carpenter ʼ MBh. [√vardh] Pa. vaḍḍhaki -- m. ʻ carpenter, building mason ʼ; Pk. vaḍḍhaï -- m. ʻ carpenter ʼ, °aïa -- m. ʻ shoemaker ʼ; WPah. jaun. bāḍhōī ʻ carpenter ʼ, (Joshi) bāḍhi m., N. baṛhaï, baṛahi, A. bārai, B. bāṛaï, °ṛui, Or. baṛhaï, °ṛhāi, (Gaṛjād) bāṛhoi, Bi. baṛahī, Bhoj. H. baṛhaī m., M. vāḍhāyā m., Si. vaḍ*u -- vā.**vārdhaka -- .Addenda: vardhaki -- : WPah.kṭg. báḍḍhi m. ʻ carpenter ʼ; kṭg. bəṛhe\i, báṛhi, kc. baṛhe ← H. beside genuine báḍḍhi Him.I 135), J. bāḍhi, Garh. baṛhai, A. also bāṛhai AFD 94; Md. vaḍīn, vaḍin pl.(CDIAL 11375)

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वाडकर vāḍakara m (वाडी &38; कर) The lord or proprietor of a वाडी or enclosed piece of ground. 2 also वाडकरी m An inhabitant of a वाडी, a hamleteer.; वाड vāḍa f Room, vacancy, free or unfilled space: also leisure, free or unengaged time.वाडकुलें vāḍakulēṃ n C (Dim. of वाडी) A small houseyard.वाडगें vāḍagēṃ n (Dim. of वाडी) A small yard or enclosure (esp. around a ruined house or where there is no house).वाडवडील vāḍavaḍīla m pl (वडील by redup.) Ancestors, forefathers, elders, ancients.वाडा vāḍā m (वाट or वाटी S) A stately or large edifice, a mansion, a palace. Also in comp. as राज- वाडा A royal edifice; सरकारवाडा Any large and public building. 2 A division of a town, a quarter, a ward. Also in comp. as देऊळवाडा, ब्राह्मण- वाडा, गौळीवाडा, चांभारवाडा, कुंभारवाडा. 3 A division (separate portion) of a मौजा or village. The वाडा, as well as the कोंड, paid revenue formerly, not to the सरकार but to the मौजेखोत. 4 An enclosed space; a yard, a compound. 5 A pen or fold; as गुरांचा वाडा, गौळवाडा or गवळीवाडा, धन- गरवाडा. The pen is whether an uncovered enclosure in a field or a hovel sheltering both beastsवाडी vāḍī f (वाटी S) An enclosed piece of meaand keepers. dow-field or garden-ground; an enclosure, a close, a paddock, a pingle. 2 A cluster of huts of agriculturists, a hamlet. Hence (as the villages of the Konkan̤ are mostly composed of distinct clusters of houses) a distinct portion of a straggling village. 3 A division of the suburban portion of a city.वांडें vāṇḍēṃ n (वाणिज्य S) A stock of merchandise or goods; a quantity brought to market. वांड्याचें वांडें A whole investment. वाड्या vāḍyā m C (वाडी) A proprietor of hamlets, or enclosures, or tenements.वडील vaḍīla a (वृद्ध S) An ancestor. 2 A senior or an elder; an elderly person. 3 A superior (in age, wisdom, dignity). 4 Applied, by way of eminence, to one's father. व0 उद्धरणें g. of o. To curse or abuse the ancestors of.वडीलघराणें vaḍīlagharāṇēṃ n or -घराणा m An elder household; the house of the eldest or of an elder of the family. वडीलधारा vaḍīladhārā m वडीलधारें n (Elder and younger.) A person of a family (male or female) of whom it is the business to punish, repress, and keep the children in order. वडीलपरंपरा vaḍīlaparamparā f The line of one's ancestors or elders. वडीलपरंपरागत vaḍīlaparamparāgata a Come by descent through a line of ancestors. वडीलमान vaḍīlamāna m A due of the elder; any ancestral right or privilege. Ex. होळीपोळीचा व0 मुकद्दमाकडे आहे. वढील vaḍhīla & compounds R Commonly वडील &c. (Marathi)

vāṭa1 m. ʻ enclosure, fence ʼ MBh., vāṭī -- f. ʻ enclosed land ʼ BhP., vāṭikā -- f. ʻ enclosure, garden ʼ Kathās. [Early east MIA. < *vārtra -- . -- √vr̥1].Pa. vāṭa -- , ˚aka -- m. ʻ enclosure, circle ʼ; Pk. vāḍa -- , ˚aga -- m. ʻ fence ʼ, vāḍī -- , ˚ḍiā -- f. ʻ fence, garden ʼ; Gy. eng. bor ʻ hedge ʼ, germ. bār ʻ garden ʼ, gr. bári, hung. bar, pl. barya; Dm. byeŕ, byäˊŕu ʻ cattle -- fold ʼ; Paš.weg. waṛ ʻ wall ʼ; Phal. bāṛ ʻ goat -- pen ʼ (→ Gaw. bāḍ ʻ fence, sheepfold ʼ; Paš.weg. bāṛ ʻ cow -- pen ʼ); Sh. (Lor.) bā ʻ sheep -- or goat -- pen ʼ; K. wār (Islāmābād wāḍ) m. ʻ hedge round garden ʼ, wôru m. ʻ enclosed space, garden, cattle -- yard ʼ, wörü f. ʻ garden ʼ, kash. wajī ʻ field ʼ; S. vāṛo m. ʻ cattleenclosure ʼ, vāṛi f. ʻ fence, hedge ʼ, vāṛī f. ʻ field of vegetables ʼ; L. vāṛ f. ʻ fence ʼ, vāṛā m. ʻ cattle -- or sheepfold ʼ, vāṛī f. ʻ sheepfold, melon patch ʼ; P. vāṛ, bāṛ f. ʻ fence ʼ, vāṛā, bā˚ m. ʻ enclosure, sheepfold ʼ, vāṛī, bā˚ f. ʻ garden ʼ; WPah.bhal. bāṛi f. ʻ wrestling match enclosure ʼ, cam. bāṛī ʻ garden ʼ; Ku. bāṛ ʻ fence ʼ (whence bāṛṇo ʻ to fence ʼ), bāṛo ʻ field near house ʼ, bāṛī ʻ garden ʼ; N. bār ʻ hedge, boundary of field ʼ, bāri ʻ garden ʼ; A. bār ʻ wall of house ʼ, bāri ʻ garden ʼ; B. bāṛ ʻ edge, border, selvedge of cloth ʼ, bāṛi ʻ garden ʼ; Or. bāṛa ʻ fence ʼ, bāṛā ʻ fence, side wall ʼ, bāṛi ʻ land adjoining house ʼ; Bi. bāṛī ʻ garden land ʼ; Mth. bāṛī ʻ ground round house ʼ, (SBhagalpur) bārī ʻ field ʼ; Bhoj. bārī ʻ garden ʼ; OAw. bāra m. ʻ obstruction ʼ, bārī f. ʻ garden ʼ; H. bāṛ f. ʻ fence, hedge, line ʼ, bāṛā m. ʻ enclosure ʼ, bāṛī f. ʻ enclosure, garden ʼ; Marw. bāṛī f. ʻ garden ʼ; G. vāṛ f. ʻ fence ʼ, vāṛɔ m. ʻ enclosure, courtyard ʼ, vāṛī f. ʻ garden ʼ; M. vāḍ f. ʻ fence ʼ, vāḍā m. ʻ quarter of a town ʼ ( -- vāḍẽ in names of places LM 405), vāḍī f. ʻ garden ʼ; Ko. vāḍo ʻ habitation ʼ; Si. vel -- a ʻ field ʼ (or < vēla -- ).*āvāṭa -- 2, *parivāṭa -- ; akṣavāṭa -- , *agravāṭa -- , *ajavāṭa -- , *avivāṭa -- , *ikṣuvāṭa -- , kāṣṭhavāṭa -- , *kṣapitavāṭa -- , *khalavāṭa -- , gr̥havāṭī -- , gōvāṭa -- , cakravāṭa -- , *jīvavāṭī -- , *dhēnuvāṭa -- , *parṇavāṭikā -- , *paścavāṭa -- , *prākāravāṭa -- , *phullavāṭikā -- , *bījadhānyavāṭī -- , *bījavāṭī -- , *bhājyavāṭa -- , *rasavāṭa -- , *rājyavāṭa -- , *vaṁśavāṭa -- .Addenda: vāṭa -- 1 [Perhaps < *vārta -- < IE. *worto -- rather than < *vārtra -- T. Burrow BSOAS xxxviii 68]WPah.kṭg. bāṛ m. ʻ fence, pen for sheep, goats, calves in bottom storey ʼ, baṛɔ m. ʻ pen for cattle, grain store, fence ʼ, baṛnõ ʻ to fence in, build a nest ʼ, báṛhnõ ʻ to become a bar, to force oneself in, be fenced ʼ; poet. baṛən f. ʻ fence, railing ʼ, baṛne f.

†*paśuvāṭa -- , †*bhēḍravāṭa -- , †*vāsavāṭī -- .(CDIAL 11480) *bhēḍravāṭa -- ʻ sheepfold ʼ. [bhēḍra -- , vāṭa -- 1]WPah.kc. bərhaṛo n. ʻ storey in house where sheep and goats are kept ʼ, kṭg. bəṛhε̄`ḷ m. id. (< *bhēḍrīvāṭa -- ?), bəṛhāˋḷ m. ʻ sheep shed ʼ Him.I 151, 152.(CDIAL 9608a).*bhēḍravr̥ti -- ʻ sheepfold ʼ. [bhēḍra -- , vr̥ti -- ]*bhēḍrakuṭikā ʻ sheepfold ʼ. [bhēḍra -- , kuṭī -- ]WPah.cam. bhaṛōṛī or < *bhēḍravr̥ti -- .(CDIAL 9607)

पारिणामिक pâri-nâm-ika digestible; subject to development: with -shada, m. member of an assembly or council, auditor, spectator: pl. retinue of a god; -shad-ya, m. one who takes part in an assembly, spectator.

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baḍaga is a takṣa, divine tvaṣṭr̥ of R̥gveda, he is a yajña puruṣa as evidenced in Khajuraho monumental varāha sculpture.. He is the very embodiment of the Veda, Veda puruṣa.  त्वष्टृ m. a carpenter , maker of carriages (= त्/अष्टृ) AV. xii , 3 , 33; " creator of living beings " , the heavenly builder , N. of a god (called सु-क्/ऋत् , -पाण्/इ , -ग्/अभस्ति , -ज्/अनिमन् , स्व्-/अपस् , अप्/असाम् अप्/अस्तम , विश्व्/अ-रूप &c RV. ; maker of divine implements , esp. of इन्द्र's thunderbolt and teacher of the ऋभुs i , iv-vi , x Hariv. 12146 f. R. ii , 91 , 12 ; former of the bodies of men and animals , hence called " firstborn " and invoked for the sake of offspring , esp. in the आप्री hymns RV. AV. &c MBh. iv , 1178 Hariv. 587 ff. Ragh. vi , 32 ; associated with the similar deities धातृ , सवितृ , प्रजा-पति , पूषन् , and surrounded by divine females [ग्न्/आस् , जन्/अयस् , देव्/आनाम् प्/अत्नीस् ; cf. त्व्/अष्टा-व्/अरूत्री] recipients of his generative energy RV. S3Br. i Ka1tyS3r. iii ; supposed author of RV. x , 184 with the epithet गर्भ-पति RAnukr. ; father of सरण्यू [सु-रेणु Hariv.; स्व-रेणु L. ] whose double twin-children by विवस्वत् [or वायु ? RV. viii , 26 , 21 f.] are यमयमी and the अश्विन्s x , 17 , 1 f. Nir. xii , 10 Br2ih. Hariv.545 ff. VP. ; also father of त्रि-शिरस् or विश्वरूप ib. ; overpowered by इन्द्र who recovers the सोम [ RV. iii f. ] concealed by him because इन्द्र had killed his son विश्व-रूप TS. ii S3Br. i , v , xii ; regent of he नक्षत्र चित्रा TBr. S3a1n3khGr2. S3a1ntik. VarBr2S. iic , 4 ; of the 5th cycle of Jupiter viii , 23 ; of an eclipse iii , 6 ; त्वष्टुर् आतिथ्य N. of a सामन् A1rshBr. ).
A kneeling adorant fuses with 'sign 45, sign 46' to signify Indus Script hypertexts.
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Clik here to view.FS 78 Fig. 114 From R. - a horned pe rsonagc standing between the branches of a pipal trec: a low pedestal with some offerings: a horned personage kneeling in adoration; ram; a row of seven robed figures in the lower register.

m1186 seal. kaula— m. ‘worshipper of Śakti according to left—hand ritual’, khōla—3 ‘lame’; Khot. kūra— ‘crooked’ BSOS ix 72 and poss. Sk. kōra— m. ‘movable joint’ Suśr.] Ash. kṓlƏ ‘curved, crooked’; Dm. kōla ‘crooked’, Tir. kṓolƏ; Paš. kōlā́ ‘curved, crooked’, Shum. kolā́ṇṭa; Kho. koli ‘crooked’, (Lor.) also ‘lefthand, left’; Bshk. kōl ‘crooked’; Phal. kūulo; Sh. kōlu̯ ‘curved, crooked’ (CDIAL 3533).
Rebus: kol ‘pancaloha’ (Tamil)

bhaṭa 'worshipper' Rebus: bhaṭa 'furnace' baṭa 'iron' (Gujarati)
saman 'make an offering (Santali) samanon 'gold' (Santali)
minDAl 'markhor' (Torwali) meDho 'ram' (Gujarati)(CDIAL 10120) Rebus: me~Rhet, meD 'iron' (Mu.Ho.Santali)
heraka 'spy' (Samskritam) Rebus:eraka 'molten metal, copper'
maṇḍa 'branch, twig' (Telugu) Rebus: maṇḍā 'warehouse, workshop' (Konkani)\karibha, jata kola Rebus: karba, ib, jasta, 'iron, zinc, metal (alloy of five metals)
maṇḍi 'kneeling position' Rebus: māḍa 'shrine; mandil 'temple' (Santali)

dhatu 'scarf' Rebus: dhatu 'mineral ore' (Santali)

The rice plant adorning the curved horn of the person (woman?) with the pig-tail is kolmo; read rebus, kolme ‘smithy’. Smithy of what? Kol ‘pancaloha’. The curving horn is: kod.u = horn; rebus: kod. artisan’s workshop (Kuwi)

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Clik here to view.FS 77 Fig. 113 From R. - a horned personage standing between two branches of a pipal tree; a ram : a horned personage kneeling in adorat ion: a low pedestal with some offerings.
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Clik here to view.FS 72 Fig. 108 kol pasar 'tiger open mouth' rebus: kol pasar iron smelter trader's shop' PLUS battuḍu 'worshipper' rebus: pattar 'goldsmith guild' PLUS  kuṭi 'tree''water-carrier' rebus: kuṭhi 'smelter' PLUS dhamkara 'leafless tree' Rebus: dhangar 'blacksmith'.
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Clik here to view.m478a FS 34 Fig. 77 Kino tree. generally within a railing or on a platform.
kuṭi 'tree'Rebus: kuṭhi 'smelter'

bhaṭa 'worshipper' Rebus: bhaṭa 'furnace' baṭa 'iron' (Gujarati) This hieroglyph is a phonetic deterinant of the 'rimless pot': baṭa = rimless pot (Kannada) Rebus: baṭa = a kind of iron (Gujarati) bhaṭa 'a furnace'. Hence, the hieroglyph-multiplex of an adorant with rimless pot signifies: 'iron furnace' bhaTa.

bAraNe ' an offering of food to a demon' (Tulu) Rebus: baran, bharat (5 copper, 4 zinc and 1 tin) (Punjabi. Bengali) The narrative of a worshipper offering to a tree is thus interpretable as a smelting of three minerals: copper, zinc and tin.

Numeral four: gaNDa 'four' Rebus: kand 'fire-altar'; Four 'ones': koḍa ‘one’ (Santali) Rebus: koḍ ‘artisan’s workshop'. Thus, the pair of 'four linear strokes PLUS rimless pot' signifies: 'fire-altar (in) artisan's wrkshop'.

Circumscript of two linear strokes for 'body' hieroglyph: dula 'pair' Rebus: dul 'cast metal' koḍa ‘one’(Santali) Rebus: koḍ ‘artisan’s workshop'. Thus, the circumscript signifies 'cast metal workshop'. meD 'body' Rebus: meD 'iron'.

khareḍo = a currycomb (G.) Rebus: kharādī ‘turner’ (Gujarati)
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Clik here to view.The hieroglyph may be a variant of a twisted rope.
dhāu 'rope' rebus: dhāu 'metal' PLUS  मेढा [ mēḍhā ] 'a curl or snarl; twist in thread' rebus: mẽṛhẽt, meḍ ‘iron’. Thus, metallic ore.
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Clik here to view.m0478b tablet

erga = act of clearing jungle (Kui) [Note image showing two men carrying
uprooted trees] thwarted by a person in the middle with outstretched hands

Aḍaru twig; aḍiri small and thin branch of a tree; aḍari small branches (Ka.); aḍaru twig (Tu.)(DEDR 67). Aḍar = splinter (Santali); rebus: aduru = native metal (Ka.) Vikalpa: kūtī = bunch of twigs (Skt.) Rebus: kuṭhi = furnace (Santali) ḍhaṁkhara — m.n. ʻbranch without leaves or fruitʼ (Prakrit) (CDIAL 5524)

Hieroglyph: era female, applied to women only, and generally as a mark of respect, wife; hopon era a daughter; era hopon a man’s family; manjhi era the village chief’s wife; gosae era a female Santal deity; bud.hi era an old woman; era uru wife and children; nabi era a prophetess; diku era a Hindu woman (Santali)
•Rebus: er-r-a = red; eraka = copper (Ka.) erka = ekke (Tbh. of arka) aka (Tbh. of arka) copper (metal); crystal (Ka.lex.) erako molten cast (Tu.lex.) agasa_le, agasa_li, agasa_lava_d.u = a goldsmith (Te.lex.)

kuTi 'tree' Rebus: kuṭhi = (smelter) furnace (Santali)

heraka = spy (Skt.); eraka, hero = a messenger; a spy (Gujarati); er to look at or for (Pkt.); er uk- to play 'peeping tom' (Ko.) Rebus: erka = ekke (Tbh. of arka) aka (Tbh. of arka) copper (metal); crystal (Ka.lex.) cf. eruvai = copper (Ta.lex.) eraka, er-aka = any metal infusion (Ka.Tu.) eraka ‘copper’ (Kannada)

kōṭu branch of tree, Rebus: खोट [ khōṭa ] f A mass of metal (unwrought or of old metal melted down); an ingot or wedge.

Hieroglyph: Looking back: krammara 'look back' (Telugu) kamar 'smith, artisan' (Santali)

kola ‘tiger, jackal’ (Kon.); rebus: kol working in iron, blacksmith, ‘alloy of five metals, panchaloha’ (Tamil) kol ‘furnace, forge’ (Kuwi) kolami ‘smithy’ (Telugu)

^  Inverted V, m478 (lid above rim of narrow-necked jar) The rimmed jar next to the tiger with turned head has a lid. Lid ‘ad.aren’; rebus: aduru ‘native metal’ karnika 'rim of jar' Rebus: karni 'supercargo' (Marathi) Thus, together, the jar with lid composite hieroglyhph denotes 'native metal supercargo'. karn.aka = handle of a vessel; ka_n.a_, kanna_ = rim, edge; kan.t.u = rim of a vessel; kan.t.ud.iyo = a small earthen vessel; kan.d.a kanka = rim of a water-pot; kan:kha, kankha = rim of a vessel
The long curving horns may also connote a ram on h177B tablet:
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Clik here to view.4316 Pict-115: From R.—a person standing under an ornamental arch; a kneeling adorant; a ram with long curving horns.
The ram read rebus: me~d. ‘iron’; glyph: me_n.d.ha ram; min.d.a_l markhor (Tor.); meh ram (H.); mei wild goat (WPah.) me~r.hwa_ a bullock with curved horns like a ram’s (Bi.) me~r.a_, me~d.a_ ram with curling horns (H.)
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Ganweriwala tablet. Ganeriwala or Ganweriwala (Urdu: گنےریوالا‎ Punjabi: گنیریوالا) is a Sarasvati-Sindhu civilization site in Cholistan, Punjab, Pakistan.

Glyphs on a broken molded tablet, Ganweriwala. The reverse includes the 'rim-of-jar' glyph in a 3-glyph text. Observe shows a person seated on a stool and a kneeling adorant below.

Hieroglyph: kamadha 'penance' Rebus: kammata 'coiner, mint'.
Reading rebus three glyphs of text on Ganweriwala tablet: brass-worker, scribe, turner:

1. kuṭila ‘bent’; rebus: kuṭila, katthīl = bronze (8 parts copper and 2 parts tin) [cf. āra-kūṭa, ‘brass’ (Skt.) (CDIAL 3230)

2. Glyph of ‘rim of jar’: kárṇaka m. ʻ projection on the side of a vessel, handle ʼ ŚBr. [kárṇa -- ]Pa. kaṇṇaka -- ʻ having ears or corners ʼ; (CDIAL 2831) kaṇḍa kanka; Rebus: furnace account (scribe). kaṇḍ = fire-altar (Santali); kan = copper (Tamil) khanaka m. one who digs , digger , excavator Rebus: karanikamu. Clerkship: the office of a Karanam or clerk. (Telugu) káraṇa n. ʻ act, deed ʼ RV. [√kr̥1] Pa. karaṇa -- n. ʻdoingʼ; NiDoc. karana,  kaṁraṁna ʻworkʼ; Pk. karaṇa -- n. ʻinstrumentʼ(CDIAL 2790)

3. khareḍo = a currycomb (G.) Rebus: kharādī ‘ turner’ (G.)

Hieroglyph: मेढा [mēḍhā] A twist or tangle arising in thread or cord, a curl or snarl (Marathi). Rebus: meḍ 'iron, copper' (Munda. Slavic) mẽṛhẽt, meD 'iron' (Mu.Ho.Santali)
meď 'copper' (Slovak)

Hypertexts: భక్తుడు. maṇḍi 'kneeling position' Rebus: maṇḍā 'warehouse, workshop' (Konkani) māḍa'shrine; mandil 'temple' (Santali).

Rebus: artificer: బత్తుడు battuḍu The caste title of all the five castes of artificers as వడ్లబత్తుడు a carpenter. కడుపుబత్తుడు one who makes a god of his belly. L. xvi. 230. Five categories of artificers: పాంచాలము pāñcālamu pānchālamu. [Skt.] n. The Punjab. The country north of Delhi, between the foot of the Himalayas and the Chambal. పంజాబుదేశము. పాంచాలి pānchāli. n. The daughter of the king of Pānchāla; a title of Draupadi, the wife of the five Pāndu princes. ద్రౌపది. పాంచాలిక pānchālika. n. A doll or puppet, an image carved on pillars, &c. బొమ్మ, నరమృగాదిరూపము. పాంచాలుడు pānchāluḍu. n. A member of any one of the five castes of artificers, viz., the carpenters, weavers, barbers, washermen, painters. వడ్లవాడు, సాలెవాడు, మంగలవాడు, చాకలవాడు, ముచ్చివాడు, ఈ అయిదు జాతులందు దేనిలోనైనను చేరినవాడు. వడ్రంగి, వడ్లంగి, వడ్లవాడు vaḍraṅgi, vaḍlaṅgi, vaḍlavāḍu or వడ్లబత్తుడు vaḍrangi. [Tel.] n. A carpenter. వడ్రంగము, వడ్లపని, వడ్రము or వడ్లంగితనము vaḍrangamu. n. The trade of a carpenter. వడ్లవానివృత్తి. వడ్రంగిపని. వడ్రంగిపిట్ట or వడ్లంగిపిట్ట vaḍrangi-piṭṭa. n. A woodpecker. దార్వాఘాటము. వడ్లకంకణము vaḍla-kankaṇamu. n. A curlew. ఉల్లంకులలో భేదము. వడ్లత or వడ్లది vaḍlata. n. A woman of the carpenter caste. A వడ్లబత్తుడు is a శిల్పి சிற்பன் ciṟpaṉ , n. < šilpa. Brahmā, as one skilled in the art of creation; [சிருட்டித் தொழி லில் வல்லவன்] பிரமன். சிற்பனையெலாஞ் சிருட்டித்த (திருமந். 628). சிற்பாசாரி ciṟpācāri , n. < id. + ஆசாரி. See சிற்பி. (யாழ். அக.)சிற்பி ciṟpi , n. < šilpin. Mechanic, artisan, stone-cutter; கம்மியன். (சூடா.) சிப்பி² cippi, n. prob. šilpin. 1. See சிற்பி. 2. Tailor; தையற்காரன். (சிலப். 5, 32, அடிக்குறிப்பு).
శిల్పము śilpamu ṣilpamu. [Skt.] n. An art, any manual or mechanical art. చిత్తరువు వ్రాయడము మొదలైనపని. శిల్పి or శిల్పకారుడు ṣilpi. n. An artist, artisan, artificer, mechanic, handicraftsman. పనివాడు. A painter, ముచ్చి. A carpenter, వడ్లంగి. A weaver, సాలెవాడు. (Usually) a stonecutter, a sculptor, కాసెవాడు. శిల్పిశాస్త్రము ṣilpi-ṣāstramu. n. A mechanical science; the science of Architecture. చిత్రాదికర్మలను గురించిన విధానము.

பஞ்சகம்மாளர் pañca-kammāḷar, n. < pañcan taṭṭāṉ, kaṉṉāṉ, ciṟpaṉ, taccaṉ, kollaṉ; தட்டான், கன்னான், சிற்பன், தச்சன் கொல்லன் என்ற ஐவகைப் பட்ட கம்மாளர். (சங். அக.) அஞ்சுபஞ்சலத்தார் añcu-pañcalattār

पंचाळ pañcāḷa m (पांचाल S q. v.) A common term for five castes--सोनार, सुतार, लोहार, कांसार, पाथरवट. These all wear the जानवें. (Marathi)

Indus Script hypertexts are a Meluhha tribute to artisans of Sarasvati Civilization evidenced by decipherment of six types of anthropomorphs

Yule, Paul, 2003, Beyond the Pale of Near Eastern Archaeology: Anthropomorphic Figures from al-Aqir near Bahla’, Sultanate of Oman In: Stöllner, T. (Hrsg.): Mensch und Bergbau Studies in Honour of Gerd Weisgerber on Occasion of his 65th Birthday. Bochum 2003, pp. 537-542

Sinauli gold anthropomorph. Dance posture

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Rotating left 45% and enlarging to 150%, the photo-shopped image of the Sanauli gold anthropomorph looks a little more life-like, as a dance-step of a person wearing a round hat. I suggest that the anthropomorph signifies 1. a goldsmith, working with metals (iron, copper). 2. ingots

3. supercargo, helmsman

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See:

References

The evidence relates to the semantics of worker in wood and iron. He is called बढई baḍhī.

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Yule, Paul, 2003, Beyond the Pale of Near Eastern Archaeology: Anthropomorphic Figures from al-Aqir near Bahla’, Sultanate of Oman In: Stöllner, T. (Hrsg.): Mensch und Bergbau Studies in Honour of Gerd Weisgerber on Occasion of his 65th Birthday. Bochum 2003, pp. 537-542

Sinauli gold anthropomorph. Dance posture

Image may be NSFW. Clik here to view.

Image may be NSFW. Clik here to view.

Rotating left 45% and enlarging to 150%, the photo-shopped image of the Sanauli gold anthropomorph looks a little more life-like, as a dance-step of a person wearing a round hat. I suggest that the anthropomorph signifies 1. a goldsmith, working with metals (iron, copper). 2. ingots

3. supercargo, helmsman

See:

References

The evidence relates to the semantics of worker in wood and iron. He is called बढई baḍhī.

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