https://tinyurl.com/y9j2cwtq
Apparently, a lot of wealth-creating metalwork activities are ongoing in the fortification mint and hence get recorded as wealth accounting ledgers, metalwork catalogues on over 8000 inscriptions of Indus Script Corpora. This fortification mint is called sangar kammaṭa, a Meluhha expression of Indian srachbund 'speech union'
The standard device has two componennts ligatured together: the bottom portion is a portable furnace; the top portion is gimlet of a lathe. Sometimes, the bottom part of portable furnace is decorated with dotted circles. Sometimes the top of the furnace is embellished with smoking rising from the charcoal embers.
The top portion, gimlet, lathe is: sãgaḍ 'lathe' Rebus: Sسنګر sangar, s.m. (2nd) A breastwork of stones, etc., erected to close a pass or road; lines, entrenchments. Pl. سنګرونه sangarūnah. See باره
The bottom portion, the portable furnace is:కమటము (p. 246) kamaṭamu kamaṭamu. [Tel.] n. A portable furnace for melting the precious metals. అగసాలెవాని కుంపటి. "చ కమటము కట్లెసంచియొరగల్లును గత్తెర సుత్తె చీర్ణముల్ ధమనియుస్రావణంబు మొలత్రాసును బట్టెడ నీరుకారు సా నము పటుకారు మూస బలునాణె పరీక్షల మచ్చులాదిగా నమరగభద్రకారక సమాహ్వయు డొక్కరుడుండు నప్పురిన్"హంస. ii. కమ్మటము
Thus, together, the field symbol signifies: sangar kammaṭa'mint (in) fortification.'
Dotted circles is a hypertext of dots + circle: S. dhāī f. ʻ wisp of fibres added from time to time to a rope that is being twisted ʼ, L. dhāī˜ f. Rebus: dhāˊtu n. ʻsubstance ʼ RV., m. ʻ element ʼ MBh., ʻ metal, mineral, ore (esp. of a red colour)ʼ; dhāū, dhāv m.f. ʻ a partic. soft red stone ʼ(Marathi) தாயம் tāyam, n. < dāya Number one in the game of dice; கவறுருட்ட விழும் ஒன்று என்னும் எண். Rebus: धवड (p. 436) smelter of iron, [ dhavaḍa ] m (Orधावड ) A class or an individual of it. They are smelters of iron (Marathi). वृत्त round , rounded , circular (शतपथ-ब्राह्मण); a circle (गणिताध्याय) vr̥ttá ʻ turned ʼ RV., ʻ rounded ʼ ŚBr. 2. ʻ completed ʼ MaitrUp., ʻ passed, elapsed (of time) ʼ KauṣUp. 3. n. ʻ conduct, matter ʼ ŚBr., ʻ livelihood ʼ Hariv. [√vr̥t 1 ] 1. Pa. vaṭṭa -- ʻ round ʼ, n. ʻ circle ʼ; Pk. vaṭṭa -- , vatta -- , vitta -- , vutta -- ʻ round ʼ; L. (Ju.) vaṭ m. ʻ anything twisted ʼ; Si. vaṭa ʻ round ʼ, vaṭa -- ya ʻ circle, girth (esp. of trees) ʼ; Md. va'ʻ round ʼ GS 58; -- Paš.ar. waṭṭəwīˊk, waḍḍawik ʻ kidney ʼ ( -- wĭ̄k vr̥kká -- ) IIFL iii 3, 192? 2. Pk. vaṭṭa -- , vatta -- , vitta -- , vutta -- ʻ passed, gone away, completed, dead ʼ; Ash. weṭ -- intr. ʻ to pass (of time), pass, fall (of an avalanche) ʼ, weṭā -- tr. ʻ to pass (time) ʼ; Paš. wiṭīk ʻ passed ʼ; K.ḍoḍ. buto ʻ he was ʼ; P. batāuṇā ʻ to pass (time) ʼ; Ku. bītṇo ʻ to be spent, die ʼ, bitauṇo ʻ to pass, spend ʼ; N. bitāunu ʻ to pass (time), kill ʼ, butāunu ʻ to extinguish ʼ; Or. bitibā intr. ʻ to pass (of time), bitāibā tr.; Mth. butāb ʻ to extinguish ʼ; OAw. pret. bītā ʻ passed (of time) ʼ; H. bītnā intr. ʻ to pass (of time) ʼ, butnā ʻ to be extinguished ʼ, butānā ʻ to extinguish ʼ; G. vĭ̄tvũ intr. ʻ to pass (of time) ʼ, vatāvvũ tr. ʻ to stop ʼ.3. Pa. vatta -- n. ʻ duty, office ʼ; Pk. vaṭṭa -- , vatta -- , vitta -- , vutta -- n. ʻ livelihood ʼ; P. buttā m. ʻ means ʼ; Ku. buto ʻ daily labour, wages ʼ; N. butā ʻ means, ability ʼ; H. oūtām. ʻ power ʼ; Si. vaṭa ʻ subsistence, wages ʼ.(CDIAL 12069)*ardhavr̥tta ʻ half -- completed ʼ. [ardhá -- 2 , vr̥ttá -- ]G. adhoṭ ʻ past middle age ʼ (CDIAL 673)
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![Image result for halil rud bharatkalyan97]()
Courtesy: https://www.harappa.com/…/indus-civilization-through-halil-…
See: Utsava bēra 'display processions of sacred hieroglyphs' are bērīḍzu 'trade account', Indus Script Hypertexts https://tinyurl.com/yayxdwo7
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h98 decipherment of text
kanac (kana, kana kona) mũhã̄ 'corner ingot' rebus: kañcu mũhã̄ 'bell-metal ingot'.
kuṭilika 'bent,curved' dula 'pair' rebus: kuṭila, katthīl = bronze (8 parts copper and 2 parts tin).
kaṇḍa 'arrow' rebus:khaṇḍa '
aya 'fish' rebus: ayas 'alloy metal' aya 'iron'
baṭa 'six' rebus: bhaṭa ... furnace' baṭa 'iron'
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m0490At m0490Bt Tablet showing Meluhha combined standard of four standards carried in a procession, comparable to Tablet m0491.
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m0491 This is a report on the transition from lapidary to bronze-age metalware in ancient Near East.
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Glyphic element: erako nave; era = knave of wheel. Glyphic element: āra ‘spokes’. Rebus: āra ‘brass’ as in ārakūṭa (Skt.) Rebus: Tu. eraka molten, cast (as metal); eraguni to melt (DEDR 866) erka = ekke (Tbh. of arka) aka (Tbh. of arka) copper (metal); crystal (Kannada.) cf. eruvai = copper (Ta.lex.) eraka, er-aka = any metal infusion (Ka.Tu.); erako molten cast (Tulu) The same spoked-wheel hieroglyph adorns the Dholavira Sign-board.
āra 'spokes' Rebus: āra 'bronze'. cf. erka = ekke (Tbh. of arka) aka (Tbh. of arka) copper (metal); crystal (Kannada) Glyph: eraka
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The samAsa used by Varahamihira is vajrasanghAta, an adamantine glue. In archaeometallurgical terms, this is defined as a mixture consisting of eight parts of lead, two of bell-metal and one of iron dust.Varahamihira explains the phrase Vajra sanghAta as: 'adamantine glue' in archaeometallurgical terms which is consistent with the rendering of semantics of Bhāratam Janam as 'metalcaster folk' in Rigveda.
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సంకరము (p. 1269) saṅkaramu sankaramu [Skt.] n. Mixing, blending. సంకలనము (p. 1269) saṅkalanamu san-kalanamu. [Skt.] n. Addition in Arithmetic, సంఖ్యలనుకూర్చుట. సంకలితము ṣankalitamu. adj. That which is added. Added together, as a figure, కూర్పబడిన (సంఖ్య.)
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m0491
kõdā‘to turn in a lathe’(B.) कोंद kōnda ‘engraver, lapidary setting or infixing gems’ (Marathi)
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Apparently, a lot of wealth-creating metalwork activities are ongoing in the fortification mint and hence get recorded as wealth accounting ledgers, metalwork catalogues on over 8000 inscriptions of Indus Script Corpora. This fortification mint is called sangar kammaṭa, a Meluhha expression of Indian srachbund 'speech union'
The standard device has two componennts ligatured together: the bottom portion is a portable furnace; the top portion is gimlet of a lathe. Sometimes, the bottom part of portable furnace is decorated with dotted circles. Sometimes the top of the furnace is embellished with smoking rising from the charcoal embers.
The top portion, gimlet, lathe is: sãgaḍ 'lathe' Rebus: S
The bottom portion, the portable furnace is:
Thus, together, the field symbol signifies: sangar kammaṭa'mint (in) fortification.'
Dotted circles is a hypertext of dots + circle: S. dhāī f. ʻ wisp of fibres added from time to time to a rope that is being twisted ʼ, L. dhāī˜ f. Rebus: dhāˊtu n. ʻsubstance ʼ RV., m. ʻ element ʼ MBh., ʻ metal, mineral, ore (esp. of a red colour)ʼ; dhāū, dhāv m.f. ʻ a partic. soft red stone ʼ(Marathi) தாயம் tāyam, n. < dāya Number one in the game of dice; கவறுருட்ட விழும் ஒன்று என்னும் எண். Rebus: धवड (p. 436) smelter of iron, [ dhavaḍa ] m (Or
Courtesy: https://www.harappa.com/…/indus-civilization-through-halil-…
See: Utsava bēra 'display processions of sacred hieroglyphs' are bērīḍzu 'trade account', Indus Script Hypertexts https://tinyurl.com/yayxdwo7
kanac (kana, kana kona) mũhã̄ 'corner ingot' rebus: kañcu mũhã̄ 'bell-metal ingot'.
kuṭilika 'bent,curved' dula 'pair' rebus: kuṭila, katthīl = bronze (8 parts copper and 2 parts tin).
kaṇḍa 'arrow' rebus:khaṇḍa '
aya 'fish' rebus: ayas 'alloy metal' aya 'iron'
baṭa 'six' rebus: bhaṭa ... furnace' baṭa 'iron'
m0490At m0490B Mohenjodaro Tablet showing Meluhha combined standard of three standards carried in a procession, comparable to Tablet m0491. The hieroglph multiplex: sãgaḍ 'lathe, portable furnace' PLUS a standing person with upraised arm: eraka 'upraised arm' rebus: eraka 'moltencast (metal)'.
m0490At m0490Bt Tablet showing Meluhha combined standard of four standards carried in a procession, comparable to Tablet m0491. 
m0491 This is a report on the transition from lapidary to bronze-age metalware in ancient Near East. Two Mohenjo-daro tablets showing a procession of four standard bearers; the four standards are: lathe, one-horned young bull; scarf; spoked-circle (knave + spokes). All four are hieroglyphs read rebus related to lapidary/smith turner work on metals and minerals (copper 'eraka', brass 'ara', dhatu 'ores')
eraka 'nave of wheel' Rebus: moltencast copper
dhatu 'scarf' Rebus: mineral ore dhāū, dhāv m.f. ʻa partic. soft red stoneʼ (Marathi) (whence dhā̆vaḍ m. ʻa caste of iron -- smeltersʼ, dhāvḍī ʻ composed of or relating to iron ʼ)
kōnda 'young bull' Rebus: turner
Rebus: sangara proclamation
kanga 'portable brazier' Rebus: fireplace, furnace
eraka 'nave of wheel' Rebus: moltencast copper
dhatu 'scarf' Rebus: mineral ore dhāū, dhāv m.f. ʻa partic. soft red stoneʼ (Marathi) (whence dhā̆vaḍ m. ʻa caste of iron -- smeltersʼ, dhāvḍī ʻ composed of or relating to iron ʼ)
kōnda 'young bull' Rebus: turner
Rebus: sangara proclamation
kanga 'portable brazier' Rebus: fireplace, furnace
āra 'spokes' Rebus: āra 'bronze'. cf. erka = ekke (Tbh. of arka) aka (Tbh. of arka) copper (metal); crystal (Kannada) Glyph: eraka
Read with sãghāṛɔ, sãgaḍ 'lathe' PLUS māṇi 'broad-mouthed pot (bottom register), the hieroglyph multiplex reads rebus: saṁghāṭa māna 'alloying, cementite (adamantine glue) standard' -- described by Varahamihira in archaeometallurgical tradition as vajrasaṁghāṭa. The lathe on the Indus Script Corpora of Sarasvati-Sindhu (Hindu) civilization is used by the lapidary-smith for fitting and joining of wood and metal:
saṁghāṭa m. ʻ fitting and joining of timber ʼ R. [√ghaṭ]Pa. nāvā -- saṅghāṭa -- , dāru -- s° ʻ raft ʼ; Pk. saṁghāḍa -- , °ḍaga -- m., °ḍī -- f. ʻ pair ʼ; Ku. sĩgāṛ m. ʻ doorframe ʼ; N. saṅār, siṅhār ʻ threshold ʼ; Or. saṅghāṛi ʻ pair of fish roes, two rolls of thread for twisting into the sacred thread, quantity of fuel sufficient to maintain the cremation fire ʼ; Bi. sĩghārā ʻ triangular packet of betel ʼ; H. sĩghāṛā m. ʻ piece of cloth folded in triangular shape ʼ; G. sãghāṛɔ m. ʻ lathe ʼ; M. sãgaḍ f. ʻ a body formed of two or more fruits or animals or men &c. linked together, part of a turner's apparatus ʼ, m.f. ʻ float made of two canoes joined together ʼ (LM 417 compares saggarai at Limurike in the Periplus, Tam. śaṅgaḍam, Tu. jaṅgala ʻ double -- canoe ʼ), sã̄gāḍā m. ʻ frame of a building ʼ, °ḍī f. ʻ lathe ʼ; Si. san̆gaḷa ʻ pair ʼ, han̆guḷa, an̆g° ʻ double canoe, raft ʼ.Md. an̆goḷi ʻ junction ʼ?(CDIAL 12859)saṁghātá m. ʻ close union, mass ʼ TS., ʻ closing (a door) ʼ VS., ʻ dashing together ʼ MBh. [Cf. saṁhata<-> with similar range of meanings. -- ghāta -- ]Pa. saṅghāta -- m. ʻ killing, knocking together ʼ; Pk. saṁghāya -- m. ʻ closeness, collection ʼ; Or. saṅghā, saṅgā ʻ bamboo scaffolding inside triangular thatch, crossbeam of thatched house, copulation (of animals) ʼ; -- adj. ʻ bulled (of a cow) ʼ < *saṁghātā -- or saṁhatā -- ?(CDIAL 12862)
सं-घात a company of fellow-travellers , caravan VP.
सं-घात (in gram.) a compound as a compact whole (opp. to its single parts) Ka1s3. on Pa1n2. 2-3 , 56; a vowel with its consonant (opp. to वर्ण , " a letter ") , Ka1ty.
सं-घात (in dram.) a partic. gait or mode of walking W.
सं-घात a [p= 1122,3] any aggregate of matter , body Bhag. Pur.; intensity R. Sus3r.; compressing , condensation , compactness , hardening Ya1jn5. Hariv. Sus3r. VarBr2S. close union or combination , collection , cluster , heap , mass , multitude TS. MBh. &c m. (rarely n. ; ifc. f(आ).) striking or dashing together , killing , crushing MBh. Sus3r. combat , war , battle VS. Ka1t2h. MBh. N. of a division of the infernal regions
संहति [p= 1122,3] (cf. संहात) Ya1jn5. Buddh. f. striking together , closure Ka1v. S3a1rn3gS.compactness , solidity MBh. VarBr2S.thickening , swelling S3a1rn3gS.keeping together , saving , economy Ka1v.firm union or alliance , junction , joint effort , close contact or connection with (instr.) Ka1v. Pur. Ra1jat.a compact mass , bulk , heap , collection , multitude Ka1v. Katha1s. and C. सं-हत [p= 1122,3] mfn. struck together , closely joined or united with (instr.) , keeping together , contiguous , coherent , combined , compacted , forming one mass or body A1s3vS3r. Mn. MBh. &c accompanied or attended by (instr.) Mn. vii , 165become solid , compact , firm , hard MBh. Ka1v. &cstrong-limbed , athletic MBh.strong , intensive VarBr2S. (prob.) complex , composite , compound (said of a partic. tone and odour) MBh.n. a partic. position in dancing , Sam2gi1t.
When Gotama the Buddha spoke of the SanghAta Sutra, he was indeed referring to the standard device of lahe PLUS portable furnace, a frequent hieroglyphic multiplex on Indus Script Corpora: sangaDa.This is the same sanghAta mentioned by Varahamihira as an adamantine glue, describing th metallic form as vajra sanghAta, 'adamantine glue' -- a recognition in archaeometallurgy of nanotubes which constitute cementite bonding carbides to iron to create steel in a crucible. Now that it is evident that iron forging is dated to the 3rd millennium BCE, the use of hardened or carbide ferrous metal weapons cannot be ruled out. The ancient word which denoted such a metallic weapon is vajra in Rigveda, specifically described as Ayasam vajram, metallic weapon or metallic thunderbolt.
I suggest that the association of the gloss vajra with lightning becomes a metaphor to further define vajrasangAta 'adamantine glue' which creates a steel metallic form with nanotubes or cementite.
சங்குவடம் caṅkuvaṭam , n. < Port. jan- gada. [M. caṅṅāṭam.] Ferry-boat; தோணி வகை. Loc.
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சங்குவடம் caṅkuvaṭam , n. < Port. jan- gada. [M. caṅṅāṭam.] Ferry-boat; தோணி வகை. Loc.
Marathi: सांगड [ sāṅgaḍa ] m f (संघट्ट S) A float composed of two canoes or boats bound together: also a link of two pompions &c. to swim or float by. 2 f A body formed of two or more (fruits, animals, men) linked or joined together. 3 That member of a turner's apparatus by which the piece to be turned is confined and steadied. सांगडीस धरणें To take into linkedness or close connection with, lit. fig.
सांगडणी [ sāṅgaḍaṇī ] f (Verbal of सांगडणें) Linking or joining
together.
सांगडणें [ sāṅgaḍaṇēṃ ] v c (सांगड) To link, join, or unite together (boats, fruits, animals). 2 Freely. To tie or bind up or unto.
m0491kõdā‘to turn in a lathe’(B.) कोंद kōnda ‘engraver, lapidary setting or infixing gems’ (Marathi)
sãgaḍ ' part of a turner's apparatus.' (Gujarati) In Kashmiri, Grierson's lexicon has the following entry: sangāṭh संगाठ् । सामग्री m. (sg. dat. sangāṭas संगाटस् ), a collection (of implements, tools, materials, for any object), apparatus, furniture, a collection of the things wanted on a journey, luggage, and so on. -- karun -- करुन् । सामग्रीसंग्रहः m.inf. to collect the ab. (L.V. 17).(Kashmiri).
śagaḍī = lathe (Gujarati) Rebus: Vajra Sanghāta 'binding together': Mixture of 8 lead, 2 bell-metal, 1 iron rust constitute adamantine glue (mentioned by Varāhamihira in Br̥hatsamhitā)
sãgaḍ ' part of a turner's apparatus.' (Gujarati) In Kashmiri, Grierson's lexicon has the following entry: sangāṭh संगाठ् । सामग्री m. (sg. dat. sangāṭas संगाटस् ), a collection (of implements, tools, materials, for any object), apparatus, furniture, a collection of the things wanted on a journey, luggage, and so on. -- karun -- करुन् । सामग्रीसंग्रहः m.inf. to collect the ab. (L.V. 17).(Kashmiri).
śagaḍī = lathe (Gujarati) Rebus: Vajra Sanghāta 'binding together': Mixture of 8 lead, 2 bell-metal, 1 iron rust constitute adamantine glue (mentioned by Varāhamihira in Br̥hatsamhitā)
