It is clear that " hieroglyph on Indus Script Corpora signifies sal 'splinter' rebus: sal 'workshop' This word, sal, is a cognate of śāla 'workshop'. śāˊlā f. ʻ shed, stable, house ʼ AV., śālám adv. ʻ at home ʼ ŚBr., śālikā -- f. ʻ house, shop ʼ lex.Pa. Pk. sālā -- f. ʻ shed, stable, large open -- sided hall, house ʼ, Pk. sāla -- n. ʻ house ʼ; Ash. sal ʻ cattleshed ʼ, Wg. šāl, Kt. šål, Dm. šâl; Paš.weg. sāl, ar. šol ʻ cattleshed on summer pasture ʼ; Kho. šal ʻ cattleshed ʼ, šeli ʻ goatpen ʼ; K. hal f. ʻ hall, house ʼ; L. sālh f. ʻ house with thatched roof ʼ; A. xāl, xāli ʻ house, workshop, factory ʼ; B. sāl ʻ shed, workshop ʼ; Or. sāḷa ʻ shed, stable ʼ; Bi. sār f. ʻ cowshed ʼ; H. sāl f. ʻ hall, house, school ʼ, sār f. ʻ cowshed ʼ; M. sāḷ f. ʻ workshop, school ʼ; Si. sal -- a, ha˚ ʻ hall, market -- hall ʼ.(CDIAL 12414) Splinter hieroglyph: śalá1 m. ʻ staff ʼ TBr., ʻ dart, spear ʼ lex. [~ śará -- 1: cf. śilī -- ]S. sarī f. ʻ a stick forming part of a waterwheel ʼ; Or. saḷa ʻ pin, thorn ʼ; Bi. sar ʻ sticks used in setting up the warp ʼ, Mth. sarkā; H. sal m. ʻ stake, spike, splinter, thorn, difficulty ʼ; G. saḷī f. ʻ small thin stick ʼ, saḷiyɔ m. ʻ bar, rod, pricker ʼ; -- Kho. šoḷ ʻ reed ʼ(CDIAL 12343)

The " also signifies duplication in the Indus Script writing system (with the underlying semantics of cāl furrow in ploughing, track of a sower while passing and repassing in sowing (Tamil). Thus, I submit that a pair of spoked wheels

Sign 391 is an alternative way of signifying " (double inverted commas) which is read rebus: sal 'splinter' rebus: sal 'workshop'. The spokes of the potter's wheel constitute the metaphor of furrows.

It has been demonstrated that Sign 391

is read rebus as: څرخ ṯs̱arḵẖ, s.m. (2nd) A wheel (particularly a potter's, or of a water-mill or well); arka 'sun' rebus: arka 'gold, copper'.

When the pair of Sign 391 is signified on an inscription, it is read in context as AN ALTERNATIVE (VIKALPA) REPRESENTATION of duplication signified by " (double inverted commas) which signifies sal 'splinter' rebus: sal 'workshop'. Together, the pair of Sign 391 are read as arka-sal (spoked wheel duplicated). The evidence of lexemes of Indian sprachbund, 'language union' provide examples of cognate pronunciations with the same semantics: agasāle,arkaśāla 'goldsmith metal workshop' Thus, the proclamation of Dholavira signboard is a proclamation of the metallurgical competence of agaāle, arkaśāla 'goldsmith metal workshop'.

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FS 132

MIC. PI.CXYI.IB अर्क m. ( √ अर्च्) , Ved. a ray , flash of lightning RV.; the sun RV.; fire (RV. ix , 50 , 4 शतपथ-ब्राह्मण,बृहद्-ारण्यक-उपनिषद् ); copper (Monier-Williams) अर्क arka a. [अर्च्-घञ्-कुत्वम् Uṇ.3.40.]. Fit to be worshipped (अर्चनीय). -र्कः 1 A ray of light, a flash of lightning (Ved.). -2 The sun; आविष्कृतारुणपुरःसर एकतोऽर्कः Ś.4.2. -3 Fire. य एवमेतदर्कस्यार्कत्वं वेद Bṛi. Up. 1.2.1(Apte)

FS 96,FS 112

EH Pl. XCIII.303 See Annex B: Decipherment of Harappa tablet h176

FS 55

MIC, PI. CX II.3~7 See Annex A. Decipherment of Seal m296, Caravan of goldsmiths

Wells 328

358 with infixed spoked wheel (identified by Wells)

Text which has Sign 42 The text message reads: cargo of iron stone and copper, gold metal infusion in charge of the helmsman (seafaring merchant) PLUS Sign 15: kuti 'water-carrier' rebus: kuthi 'smelter' PLUS

Sign 342 karaṇaka 'rim of jar'; detailed rebus reading Meluhha: bhāṭi kaṇḍa karaṇa sāla 'furnace equipment writers' workshop' PLUS Sign 176 Hieroglyph: currycomb: खरारा kharārā m ( H) A currycomb. 2 Currying a horse. ख0 खाजवीत नगारा वाजवीत-येतो-फिरतो &c. Used of a low vagabond or idler.(Marathi) khareḍo 'a currycomb' (Gujarati); खरड्या kharaḍyā a (खरडणें) That writes or shaves rudely and roughly; a mere quill-driver; a very scraper. Line 2 of text message:dula 'two' rebus:dul 'metal casting' PLUS Sign 328
The basic expression signified by the basic hieroglyph, 'rimless pot' is:

kunda bhaṭṭhā bhāṇḍā 'fine gold furnace goods granary or treasury' Thus,the carge of furnace goods are metalcastings.

Rebus: wealth-accounting ledgers -- kharada खरडें 'daybooks' 1. करडा [karaḍā] Hard from alloy--iron, silver &c. (Marathi) 2. kharādī ‘ turner’ (Gujarati)

Sign 42 reading: dul arka 'metal castings of gold, copper metal infusion' PLUS कर्णक m. du. the two legs spread out AV. xx , 133 , 3 rebus karNaka 'helmsman' PLUS kāḍ 'stature', kāṭi 'body stature rebus: khad 'iron stone'. Thus, the cargo is of iron stone and copper, goldmetal infusion in charge of the helmsman (seafaring merchant).

Sign 286 signifies కంసర 'smithery', working with bell-metal, bronze, gold, copper, eraka 'metal infusion' casting https://tinyurl.com/yy55t56z

This monograph provides Indus Script evidence to firmly anchor spoked wheel hieroglyph as arka cognate څرخ ṯs̱arḵẖ 'potter's wheel' (Pashto) rebus: gold, copper.

Field Symbol 3 (ASI 1977, Mahadevan Concordance)

Dholavira signboard on अर्क शाल 'goldsmith workshop' and Mehrgarh spoked copper alloy wheel proclaim akṣaracaṇa 'scribe' the metallurgical competence of artisans to engrave on metal https://tinyurl.com/y6fp3zkq

څرخ ṯs̱arḵẖ, s.m. (2nd) A wheel (particularly a potter's, or of a water-mill or well). 2. A grindstone. 3. Circular motion, turn, revolution, the act of turning. 4. Fortune, chance. 5. The heavens, the sphere, the celestial globe. 6. A kind of hawk or falcon, an eagle. 7. A stab, a puncture, a prick, a wound produced by a spear, an arrow, or the like. Pl. څرخرنه ṯs̱arḵẖ-ūnah; 8. adj. Punctured, pricked, pierced, stabbed; (Fem.) څرکه ṯs̱arkaʿh. څرخیدل ṯs̱arḵẖedal, verb intrans. To revolve, to turn round, to wheel. 2. To dance. Pres. څرخبږي ṯs̱arḵẖej̱ẕī (W.) or څرخیګي ṯs̱arḵẖegī (E.); past ؤ څرخیده wu-ṯs̱arḵẖedah or ؤ څرخیدَ wu-ṯs̱arḵẖeda; fut. ؤ به څرخیږي wu bah ṯs̱arḵẖej̱ẕī or ؤ به څرخیګي wu bah ṯs̱arḵẖegī; imp. ؤ څرخیږه wu-ṯs̱arḵẖej̱ẕah or ؤ څرخیګه wu-ṯs̱arḵẖegah; act. part. څرخیدونکيَ ṯs̱arḵẖedūnkaey

or څرخیدونيَ ṯs̱arḵẖedūnaey; past part. څرخید ليَ ṯs̱arḵẖedalaey; verb. n. څرخیدنه ṯs̱arḵẖedanaʿh. څرخول ṯs̱arḵẖawul, verb trans. To turn, to make revolve, to wheel round. 2. To sharpen. Pres. څرخوي ṯs̱arḵẖawī; past ؤ څرخاوه wu-ṯs̱arḵẖāwuh or ؤ څرخاوو wu-ṯs̱arḵẖāwo; fut. ؤ به څرخوي wu bah ṯs̱arḵẖawī; imp. ؤ څرخوه wu-ṯs̱arḵẖawah; act. part. څرخوونکيَ ṯs̱arḵẖawūnkaey or څرخوونيَ

ṯs̱arḵẖawūnaey; past part. څرخوليَ ṯs̱arḵẖawulaey; verb. n. څرخونه ṯs̱arḵẖawunaʿh. (P چرخ). څرخ کول ṯs̱arḵẖ kawul, verb trans. To pierce, to stab, to puncture. څرخ کیدل ṯs̱arḵẖ kedal, verb intrans. To enter (as a pointed instrument), to penetrate, to stab, to pierce. څرخه ṯs̱arḵẖaʿh, s.f. (3rd) A spinning-wheel, a large reel. Pl. يْ ey. (P چرخه).

It is significant that this hieroglyp of spoked-wheel appears four times on Dholavira Signboard which is a proclamation of goldsmith, metalsmith worskhop. Duplication of spoked-wheel on Dholavira Sign proclamation is dula 'pair' rebus: dul 'metal casting'; thus, gold, copper metalcasting.

.For a full rebus reading, see:

Dholavira signboard proclamation of metalwork competence of artisans

https://www.academia.edu/40407124/Dholavira_signboard_proclamation_of_metalwork_competence_of_artisans

Dholavira Indus Script signboard proclamation: brass, hard metal, copper (metal) engraver; bright blazing bronze ingots, metalware; metalcasting brass, minerals
http://bharatkalyan97.blogspot.com/2018/03/dholavira-indus-script-signboard.html

Potter's spoked wheel ligatured to the throat of 'unicorn' or 'spiny-horned young bull' on a Mohenjo-daro seal (FS 3,Mahadevan concordance). The rebus reading of the text message including the spoked wheel hieroglyph is:kanac 'corner' rebus:kancu 'bell-metal' PLUS agasala 'goldsmith workshop' (sal 'splinter' rebus: sal 'workshop') PLUS kolom 'three' rebus: kolimi 'smithy, forge' PLUS kolmo 'rice plant' rebus: kole.l 'smithy, forge, temple'.

arká1 m. ʻ flash, ray, sun ʼ RV. [√arc]Pa. Pk. akka -- m. ʻ sun ʼ, Mth. āk; Si. aka ʻ lightning ʼ, inscr. vid -- äki ʻ lightning flash ʼ.(CDIAL 624)*arkavarta ʻ a sort of ornament ʼ. [Cf. arkapuṭikā -- f. ʻ a silver ornament consisting of a round disk like the sun ʼ lex.: arká -- 1, *varta -- 3]

G. akɔṭī f. ʻ earring ʼ.(CDIAL 628)

Throat: Dm. argali ʻ throat ʼ, Gaw. hargal; Paš. orgól ʻ jaw (CDIAL 629).

The spoked wheel -- arka --څرخ ṯs̱arḵẖ 'potter'swheel' -- is shown on the throat of the 'spiny-horned young bull' as a semantic determinative, because the throat is signified by a similar sounding word: Dm. argali ʻ throat ʼ, Gaw. hargal; Paš. orgól ʻ jaw'. This seal thus reinforces the rebus reading of the spoked wheel as

څرخه ṯs̱arḵẖaʿh 'potter's wheel', arka 'sun' rebus: arka 'gold, copper'.

It is possible that the potter's spoked wheel pre-dates the spoked wheel of a cart or chariot. The presence of cire perdue copper alloy spoked wheel shapes of a very early date ca. 4h or 5th m. BCE (called amulets by British Museum and Indus Script hypertexts by me) is also an indicator that the shape was adopted as a hieroglyph/hypertext on Indus Script inscriptions. I am speculating on the chronology of the evolution of early writing systems. See also the spoked wheels on artifact from Bhirrana which dates from 7th m BCE.

One-horned young bull hypertext/hyperimage signifies a goldsmith, lapidary: कोंद kōnda ‘young bull' कोंद kōnda ‘engraver, turner'. कुलालादिकन्दुः f. a kiln; a potter's kiln; kō̃da कोँद 'potter's kiln' (Kashmiri) Thus, an iron turner (in smithy/forge).Ta. kuntaṉam interspace for setting gems in a jewel; fine gold (< Te.). Ka. kundaṇa setting a precious stone in fine gold; fine gold; kundana fine gold. Tu. kundaṇa pure gold. Te. kundanamu fine gold used in very thin foils in setting precious stones; setting precious stones with fine gold. (DEDR 1725)

Go to "Symbolography in Indus Seals" page

Symbolography in Indus Seals (Kindle Edition) (2017)

by Rekha Rao

A seal explained by Rekha Rao:

The sign, if identified as falcon, may signify thunderbolt-maker: آهن ګر āhan gar, s.m. (5th) A smith, a blacksmith, thunderbolt-maker.(Assuming a variant sēṇa 'falcon' as a signifier of aśáni 'thunderbolt' Cognate ahan 'iron' (Pashto)

Thus,the textmessageon the sealmay be read rebus:

Hieroglyph 1: arka 'gold, copper' PLUS

Hieroglyph 2: kaṇḍa arka (ara) eraka kancu mũh khāṇḍā 'fire-altar (for) gold, copper, brass, moltencast copper, bell-metal ingot, implements.' PLUS

Hieroglyph 3:dhalako khanda 'ingots and equipment' PLUS

Hieroglyph4: ayo kammaTa 'alloy metal mint' OR, آهن ګر āhan gar, s.m. (5th) A smith, a blacksmith.or Thunderbolt-maker smith. PLUS

Field-symbol hypertext:khonda singi 'spiny-horned young bull' rebus; konda 'fire-altar' PLUS singi 'ornament gold' PLUS kunda 'lather' rebus: kundan 'fine gold' PLUS kammaTa 'portable furnace' rebus: kammTa 'mint' PLUS sangada 'joined parts' rebus:jangadiyo 'guard accompanying treasure'.PLUS

Hieroglyphs: Dotted circles: dha 'strand' PLUS vaTTa 'circle' rebus: धावड dhāvaḍa m A class or an individual of it. They are smelters of iron. In these parts they are Muhammadans.धावडी dhāvaḍī a Relating to the class धावड. Hence 2 Composed of or relating to iron.

aśáni f. ʻ thunderbolt ʼ RV., ˚nī -- f. ŚBr. [Cf. áśan -- m. ʻ sling -- stone ʼ RV.]

Pa. asanī -- f. ʻ thunderbolt, lightning ʼ, asana -- n. ʻ stone ʼ; Pk. asaṇi -- m.f. ʻ thunderbolt ʼ; Ash. ašĩˊ ʻ hail ʼ, Wg. ašē˜ˊ, Pr. īšĩ, Bashg. "azhir", Dm. ašin, Paš. ášen, Shum. äˊšin, Gaw. išín, Bshk. ašun, Savi išin, Phal. ã̄šun, L. (Jukes) ahin, awāṇ. &circmacrepsilon; (both with n, not ṇ), P. āhiṇ, f., āhaṇ, aihaṇ m.f., WPah. bhad. ã̄ṇ, bhal. ´tildemacrepsilon; f., N. asino, pl. ˚nā; Si. sena, heṇa ʻ thunderbolt ʼ Geiger GS 34, but the expected form would be *ā̤n; -- Sh. aĩyĕˊr f. ʻ hail ʼ (X ?). -- For ʻ stone ʼ > ʻ hailstone ʼ cf. upala -- and A. xil s.v. śilāˊ -- .(CDIAL 910)

If the first sign on the left is a s'yenacit, the reading is: śyēná m. ʻ hawk, falcon, eagle ʼ RV.Pa. sēna -- , ˚aka -- m. ʻ hawk ʼ, Pk. sēṇa -- m.; WPah.bhad. śeṇ ʻ kite ʼ; A. xen ʻ falcon, hawk ʼ, Or. seṇā, H. sen, sẽ m., M. śen m., śenī f. (< MIA. *senna -- ); Si. sen ʻ falcon, eagle, kite ʼ.(CDIAL 12674) rebus: ahan 'iron' aśani 'thunderbolt; آهن ګر āhan gar, s.m. (5th) A smith, a blacksmith. P آهن āhan, s.m. (9th) Iron. Sing. and Pl. آهن ګر āhan gar, s.m. (5th) A smith, a blacksmith. Pl. آهن ګران āhan-garān. آهن ربا āhan-rubā, s.f. (6th) The magnet or loadstone. (E.) Sing. and Pl.); (W.) Pl. آهن رباوي āhan-rubāwī. See اوسپنه.

څرخ ṯs̱arḵẖ A kind of hawk or falcon, an eagle.(Pashto) rebus: arka 'gold, copper';eraka 'metal infusion'(for casting)

dhal 'slanted' rebus: dhalako 'large metal ingot' PLUS खांडा [ khāṇḍā ] m A jag, notch, or indentation (as upon the edge of a tool or weapon). (Marathi) Rebus: khāṇḍā 'tools, pots and pans' .Thus, ingots and equipment.

Four corners: Four fire-altars:

kōṇṭu angle, corner, crook. Nk. kōnṭa corner (DEDR 2054b) G. khū̃ṭṛī ʻangleʼ Rebus: kõdā 'to turn in a lathe'(B.) कोंद kōnda 'engraver, lapidary setting or infixing gems' (Marathi) konda 'fire-altar, furnace'

kana, kanac 'corner' (Santali); kañcu 'bronze' (Telugu) kan- 'copper work' (Tamil).

Sign 391 Spoked wheel څرخ ṯs̱arḵẖ 'potter'swheel' rebus: arka 'gold,copper'

Rhombus-shape or oval-shape: The array of variants fromSign 270 to Sign 286) make this shape the most vivid signifier of ingot with various attributes of metallurgical description ligatured to the basic shape of the hieroglyph which is either a rhombus or oval or bun-shaped ingot:

Sign 286Variants of Sign 286

I submit that Sign 286 signifies కంసర 'smithery', working with bell-metal, bronze, gold, copper, eraka 'metal infusion' casting of metal equipment

gaNDA 'four'rebus: kaNDa 'equipment';thus, four corners. khɔ̃c f. ʻ corner rebus:kancu 'bell-metal, bronze'

Sign 286 is a composite of Sign 284 four marked corners of rhombus infixed with spoked wheel. The reaiding of hypertext of Sign 286 is a comprehensive catalogue of metalwork:

Hieroglyph: Corner:

(Santali)

G. khɔ̃c f. ʻcornerʼ;.*khōñcā ʻ curve, bend ʼ. [< *skuc -- beside √kuc?]P. khū̃j f., ˚jā m. ʻ corner ʼ, N. khõj, khõc, khū̃j ʻ glen, ravine, depression between two hills ʼ; H. khū̃c f. ʻ tendon Achilles ʼ; (CDIAL 3930)

Rebus:కంసాలి or కంసాలవాడు kamsāli. [Tel.] n. A goldsmith or silversmith. కంసము kamsamu [Skt.] n. Bell metal.కంచు. కంసర or కంసలల kamsara. [Tel.] n. Smithery; working in gold: adj. Of the goldsmith caste. కంసలది a woman of that caste. కంసలపని the business of a gold-smith.

Rebus: Bronze, bell-metal 2987 kāˊṁsya ʻ made of bell -- metal ʼ KātyŚr., n. ʻ bell -- metal ʼ Yājñ., ʻ cup of bell -- metal ʼ MBh., ˚aka -- n. ʻ bell -- metal ʼ. 2. *kāṁsiya -- . [kaṁsá -- 1]1. Pa. kaṁsa -- m. (?) ʻ bronze ʼ, Pk. kaṁsa -- , kāsa -- n. ʻ bell -- metal, drinking vessel, cymbal ʼ; L. (Jukes) kã̄jā adj. ʻ of metal ʼ, awāṇ. kāsā ʻ jar ʼ (← E with -- s -- , not ñj); N. kã̄so ʻ bronze, pewter, white metal ʼ, kas -- kuṭ ʻ metal alloy ʼ; A. kã̄h ʻ bell -- metal ʼ, B. kã̄sā, Or. kãsā, Bi. kã̄sā; Bhoj. kã̄s ʻ bell -- metal ʼ, kã̄sā ʻ base metal ʼ; H. kās, kã̄sā m. ʻ bell -- metal ʼ, G. kã̄sũ n., M. kã̄sẽ n.; Ko. kã̄śẽ n. ʻ bronze ʼ; Si. kasa ʻ bell -- metal ʼ.2. L. kã̄ihã̄ m. ʻ bell -- metal ʼ, P. kã̄ssī, kã̄sī f., H. kã̄sī f.*kāṁsyakara -- , kāṁsyakāra -- , *kāṁsyakuṇḍikā -- , kāṁsyatāla -- , *kāṁsyabhāṇḍa -- .

Addenda: kāˊṁsya -- : A. kã̄h also ʻ gong ʼ, or < kaṁsá -- . 2988 *kāṁsyakara ʻ worker in bell -- metal ʼ. [See next: kāˊṁsya -- , kará -- 1]L. awāṇ. kasērā ʻ metal worker ʼ, P. kaserā m. ʻ worker in pewter ʼ (both ← E with -- s -- ); N. kasero ʻ maker of brass pots ʼ; Bi. H. kaserā m. ʻ worker in pewter ʼ. 2989 kāṁsyakāra m. ʻ worker in bell -- metal or brass ʼ Yājñ. com., kaṁsakāra -- m. BrahmavP. [kāˊṁsya -- , kāra -- 1]N. kasār ʻ maker of brass pots ʼ; A. kãhār ʻ worker in bell -- metal ʼ; B. kã̄sāri ʻ pewterer, brazier, coppersmith ʼ, Or. kãsārī; H. kasārī m. ʻ maker of brass pots ʼ; G. kãsārɔ, kas˚ m. ʻ coppersmith ʼ; M. kã̄sār, kās˚ m. ʻ worker in white metal ʼ, kāsārḍā m. ʻ contemptuous term for the same ʼ. 2990 *kāṁsyakuṇḍikā ʻ bell -- metal pot ʼ. [kāˊṁsya -- , kuṇḍa -- 1]N. kasaũṛi ʻ cooking pot ʼ. 2991 kāṁsyatāla m. ʻ cymbal ʼ Rājat. [kāˊṁsya -- , tāla -- 1]

Pa. kaṁsatāla -- m. ʻ gong ʼ; Pk. kaṁsālā -- , ˚liyā -- f. ʻ cymbal ʼ, OB. kaśālā, Or. kãsāḷa; G. kã̄sāḷũ n. ʻ large bell -- metal cymbals ʼ with ã̄ after kã̄sũ ʻ bell -- metal ʼ; M. kã̄sāḷ f. ʻ large cymbal ʼ; -- Si. kastalaya ʻ metal gong ʼ (EGS 40) is Si. cmpd. or more prob. ← Pa.

2992 *kāṁsyabhāṇḍa ʻ bell -- metal pot ʼ. [kāˊṁsya -- , bhāṇḍa -- 1]Pa. kaṁsabhaṇḍa -- n. ʻ brass ware ʼ; M. kāsã̄ḍī, ˚sãḍī f. ʻ metal vessel of a partic. kind ʼ.(CDIAL 2987 to 2992)

kárṇikā f. ʻ round protuberance ʼ Suśr., ʻ pericarp of a lotus ʼ MBh., ʻ ear -- ring ʼ Kathās. [kárṇa -- ]

Pa. kaṇṇikā -- f. ʻ ear ornament, pericarp of lotus, corner of upper story, sheaf in form of a pinnacle ʼ; Pk. kaṇṇiā -- f. ʻ corner, pericarp of lotus ʼ; Paš. kanīˊ ʻ corner ʼ; S. kanī f. ʻ border ʼ, L. P. kannī f. (→ H. kannī f.); WPah. bhal. kanni f. ʻ yarn used for the border of cloth in weaving ʼ; B. kāṇī ʻ ornamental swelling out in a vessel ʼ, Or. kānī ʻ corner of a cloth ʼ; H. kaniyã̄ f. ʻ lap ʼ; G. kānī f. ʻ border of a garment tucked up ʼ; M. kānī f. ʻ loop of a tie -- rope ʼ; Si. käni, kän ʻ sheaf in the form of a pinnacle, housetop ʼ.(CDIAL 2849) Rebus: kancu 'bronze,bellmetal'.

kaṇḍa arka (ara) eraka kancu mũh khāṇḍā 'fire-altar (for) gold, copper, brass, moltencast copper, bell-metal ingot, implements.'

Sign 286 variants

gaṇḍā 'four' rebus: kaṇḍa 'fire-altar'. khaṇḍa 'implements' PLUS dula 'two' rebus: dul 'metalcasting' PLUS agasāla 'goldsmith workshop'. Thus, goldsmith workshop metalcast implements

Arch hieroglyphs: maṇḍā 'raised platform, stool, arch' Rebus: maṇḍā 'warehouse' PLUS hieroglyphs: spoked wheel PLUS splinter (semantic determinative): څرخ ṯs̱arḵẖ, s.m. (2nd) A wheel (particularly a potter's, or of a water-mill or well). Circular motion, turn, revolution, the act of turning; (Fem.) څرکهṯs̱arkaʿh. څرخیدل ṯs̱arḵẖedal, verb intrans. To revolve, to turn round, to wheel. 2. To dance. Pres. څرخبږي ṯs̱arḵẖej̱ẕī (W.) or څرخیګي ṯs̱arḵẖegī(E.); past ؤ څرخیده wu-ṯs̱arḵẖedah or ؤ څرخیدَ wu-ṯs̱arḵẖeda; fut. ؤ به څرخیږي wu bah ṯs̱arḵẖej̱ẕī or ؤ به څرخیګي wu bah ṯs̱arḵẖegī; imp. ؤ څرخیږهwu-ṯs̱arḵẖej̱ẕah or ؤ څرخیګه wu-ṯs̱arḵẖegah; act.part. څرخیدونکيَ ṯs̱arḵẖedūnkaey or څرخیدونيَ ṯs̱arḵẖedūnaey; past part. څرخید ليَ ṯs̱arḵẖedalaey; verb. n. څرخیدنه ṯs̱arḵẖedanaʿh. څرخول ṯs̱arḵẖawul, verb trans. To turn, to make revolve, to wheel round (Pashto) Rebus: अर्क 'the sun, copper', agasāla 'goldsmith workshop'. Thus, Sign 393 signifies maṇḍā 'warehouse' of agasāla 'goldsmith workshop

Sign 355 = Sign 347 PLUS Sign 391

. Thus the hypertext of Sign 355 reads: dul khāṇḍā kolimi bhaṭa 'metalcasting equipment (from) smithy/forge furnace' (with) څرخ ṯs̱arḵẖ, s.m. (2nd) ( P چرخ ). 2. A wheeled-carriage, a gun-carriage, a cart. Pl. څرخونه ṯs̱arḵẖūnah. څرخ ṯs̱arḵẖ, s.m. (2nd) A wheel Rebus: arka 'copper, gold' eraka 'metal infusion'.

Sign 328 Wells

Sign 342 Wells is a ligatured composition which infixes two Signs171 and Sign39a within Sign 343. The rebus Meluhha (Indian sprachbund) readings are:

:मैंद [ mainda ] m (A rude harrow or clodbreaker; or a machine to draw over a sown field, a drag. (Marathi) Rebus: mẽṛhẽt,med 'iron' (Mu.Ho.) med 'copper' (Slavic) . dula 'pair' rebus: dul 'metal casting'Thus, dul mẽṛhẽt,

Sign 391 is the opening statement of each of the three segments of Dholavira signboard message. This is a ligatured hieroglyph. ara 'spoke' rebus: ara 'brass'. era, er-a = eraka =?nave; erako_lu = the iron axle of a carriage (Ka.M.); cf. irasu (Ka.lex.)[Note Sign 391 and its ligatures Signs 392 and 393 may connote a spoked-wheel,nave of the wheel through which the axle passes; cf. ara_, spoke]erka = ekke (Tbh.of arka) aka (Tbh. of arka) copper (metal);crystal (Ka.lex.) cf. eruvai = copper (Ta.lex.) eraka, er-aka = anymetal infusion (Ka.Tu.); erako molten cast (Tu.lex.) Rebus: eraka= copper (Ka.)eruvai =copper (Ta.); ere - a dark-red colour (Ka.)(DEDR 817). eraka, era, er-a= syn. erka, copper, weapons (Ka.)Vikalpa: ara, arā (RV.) = spokeof wheel ஆரம்² āram , n. < āra. 1. Spoke of a wheel.See ஆரக்கால். ஆரஞ்சூழ்ந்தவயில்வாய்நேமியொடு

(சிறுபாண். 253). Rebus: ஆரம் brass; பித்தளை.(அக. நி.) pittal is cognate with 'pewter'.

Sign 342

'rim-of-jar'कर्णक m. (ifc. f(आ).) a prominence or handle or projection on the side or sides (of a vessel &c ) , a tendril S3Br. Ka1tyS3r. Rebus: कर्णिक having a helm; a steersman; m. pl. N. of a people VP. (Monier-Williams) rebus:karṇī 'supercargo', 'engraver' (Marathi) .

Ths,

Sign 328 Wells is supercargo, helmsman, engraver (scribe) responsible for 1. mineral ore metal castings; and 2. moltencast brass.

Sign 267 is oval=shape variant, rhombus-shape of a bun ingot. Like Sign 373, this sign also signifies mũhã̄ 'bun ingot' PLUS kanac 'corner' rebus: kancu 'bell-metal'.kaṁsá1 m. ʻ metal cup ʼAV., m.n. ʻ bell -- metal ʼ Pat. as in S., but would in Pa. Pk. and most NIA. lggs. collide with kāˊṁsya -- to which L. P. testify and under which the remaining forms for the metal are listed. 2. *kaṁsikā -- .1. Pa. kaṁsa -- m. ʻ bronze dish ʼ; S. kañjho m. ʻ bellmetal ʼ; A. kã̄h ʻgong ʼ; Or. kãsā ʻ big pot of bell -- metal ʼ; OMarw. kāso (= kã̄ -- ?) m. ʻ bell -- metal tray for food, food ʼ; G. kã̄sā m. pl. ʻ cymbals ʼ; -- perh. Woṭ. kasṓṭ m. ʻ metal pot ʼ Buddruss Woṭ 109.2. Pk. kaṁsiā -- f. ʻ a kind of musical instrument ʼ; A. kã̄hi ʻ bell -- metal dish ʼ; G. kã̄śī f. ʻ bell -- metal cymbal ʼ, kã̄śiyɔ m. ʻ open bellmetal pan ʼ. (CDIAL 2756)

Sign 284Variants of Sign 284

Circumscript: four short strokes: gaṇḍā 'four' rebus: kaṇḍa 'fire-altar'. Sign 285 is a composite of hieroglyphs: Sign 267 four corners, four short linear strokes as circumscript. kaṇḍa kancu mũh khāṇḍā 'bell-metal ingot, implements (from) fire-altar'.

The rebus reading of hieroglyph spoked-wheel is: arā 'spoke' rebus: āra 'brass' PLUS eraka 'nave of wheel' rebus: eraka 'moltencast,copper'.

Sign 286Variants of Sign 286

Sign 286 is a composite of Sign 284 with infixed spoked wheel. The reaiding of hypertext of Sign 286 is:

kaṇḍa āra eraka kancu mũh khāṇḍā 'fire-altar (for) brass, moltencast copper, bell-metal ingot, implements.'

Indus Script Cipher explains why a pair of spoked wheels is read rebus as arkaśāla 'goldsmith metal workshop'

څرخ ṯs̱arḵẖ, s.m. (2nd) A wheel (particularly a potter's, or of a water-mill or well). Circular motion, turn, revolution, the act of turning; (Fem.) څرکهṯs̱arkaʿh. څرخیدل ṯs̱arḵẖedal, verb intrans. To revolve, to turn round, to wheel. 2. To dance. Pres. څرخبږي ṯs̱arḵẖej̱ẕī (W.) or څرخیګي ṯs̱arḵẖegī(E.); past ؤ څرخیده wu-ṯs̱arḵẖedah or ؤ څرخیدَ wu-ṯs̱arḵẖeda; fut. ؤ به څرخیږي wu bah ṯs̱arḵẖej̱ẕī or ؤ به څرخیګي wu bah ṯs̱arḵẖegī; imp. ؤ څرخیږهwu-ṯs̱arḵẖej̱ẕah or ؤ څرخیګه wu-ṯs̱arḵẖegah; act.part. څرخیدونکيَ ṯs̱arḵẖedūnkaey or څرخیدونيَ ṯs̱arḵẖedūnaey; past part. څرخید ليَ ṯs̱arḵẖedalaey; verb. n. څرخیدنه ṯs̱arḵẖedanaʿh. څرخول ṯs̱arḵẖawul, verb trans. To turn, to make revolve, to wheel round (Pashto) Rebus: अर्क 'the sun, copper', agasāla 'goldsmith workshop'

Ta. cāl furrow in ploughing, track of a sower while passing and repassing in sowing; cālai street, avenue, road. Ma. cāl furrow, channel, track, line, direction. Ko. ca·l furrow. To. so·l id. Ka. sāl a continuous line, a furrow. Koḍ. ca·llï line, furrow, one complete ploughing of a field, people related in any way by descent. Tu. sālů line, row, furrow. Te. cālu id., groove, track; cālupu line, row, series. Ga. (S.3) sālu furrow made by plough. Go. (Ko.) āl furrow (< Te.; Voc. 140). Konḍa (BB, 1972) sāl id. (DEDR 2471) Cognate? Semantics of gait, motion? *calyā ʻ gait, conduct ʼ. [~ caryā -- . -- √cal]Sh. (Lor.) čel f. ʻ habit, custom ʼ; Ku. cāl ʻ movement ʼ; N. cāl ʻ conduct ʼ; B. cāl ʻ gait, behaviour ʼ; Or. cāla ʻ behaviour ʼ; OAw. cāla f. ʻ gait, movement ʼ, lakh. cāl ʻ trick ʼ; H. cāl f. ʻ behaviour ʼ; G. cāl f. ʻ gait, behaviour ʼ, M. ċāl f.; -- S. cāli f. ʻ behaviour ʼ, P. cāl f. ʻ behaviour, motion ʼ ← H.?Addenda: *calyā -- : WPah.J. cā'l f. ʻ gait, custom ʼ (on account of -- l -- and J. gender not with Him.I 58 < cāla -- 2), kṭg. ċāl m.(CDIAL 4722)

āra 'spokes' rebus: āra 'brass' PLUS sal 'splinter' rebus sal 'workshop' āra 'spokes' rebus: āra 'brass' (DEDR 856) era, er-a = eraka =?nave; erako_lu = the iron axle of a carriage (Ka.M.); cf. irasu (Ka.lex.)[Note Sign 391 and its ligatures Signs 392 and 393 may connote a spoked-wheel,nave of the wheel through which the axle passes; cf. ara_, spoke].

Rebus:eraka moltencast metal: Kur. elkhnā to pour liquid out (by tilting a vessel standing on the ground); elkhrnā to be poured out. Malt. eqe to pour out from a vessel; To. eṟ- (eṟQ-) to scoop up (water with vessel). Ka. eṟe to pour any liquids, cast (as metal); n. pouring; eṟacu, ercu to scoop, sprinkle, scatter, strew, sow; eṟaka, eraka any metal infusion; molten state, fusion. Tu. eraka molten, cast (as metal); eraguni to melt. Kur. ecchnā to dash a liquid out or over (by scooping, splashing, besprinkling). (DEDR 840, 866) eraka= copper (Ka.) eruvai =copper (Ta.); ere - a dark-red colour (Ka.) (DEDR 817). eraka, era, er-a= syn. erka, copper, weapons (Ka.) erka = ekke

(Tbh.of arka) aka (Tbh. of arka) copper (metal); crystal (Kannada)

Sign 391 and variants signify a potter's wheel.

Hieroglyph:potter's wheel:

Sign 391 is the opening statement of each of the three segments of Dholavira signboard message. This is a ligatured hieroglyph. ara 'spoke' rebus: ara 'brass'. era, er-a = eraka =?nave; erako_lu = the iron axle of a carriage (Ka.M.); cf. irasu (Ka.lex.)[Note Sign 391 and its ligatures Signs 392 and 393 may connote a spoked-wheel,nave of the wheel through which the axle passes; cf. ara_, spoke]erka = ekke (Tbh.of arka) aka (Tbh. of arka) copper (metal);crystal (Ka.lex.) cf. eruvai = copper (Ta.lex.) eraka, er-aka = anymetal infusion (Ka.Tu.); erako molten cast (Tu.lex.) Rebus: eraka= copper (Ka.)eruvai =copper (Ta.); ere - a dark-red colour (Ka.)(DEDR 817). eraka, era, er-a= syn. erka, copper, weapons (Ka.)Vikalpa: ara, arā (RV.) = spokeof wheel ஆரம்² āram , n. < āra. 1. Spokeof a wheel.See ஆரக்கால். ஆரஞ்சூழ்ந்தவயில்வாய்நேமியொடு (சிறுபாண். 253). Rebus: ஆரம் brass; பித்தளை.(அக. நி.) pittal is cognate with 'pewter'.

Indus Script Cipher infixes a hieroglyph to create Sign 355, Sign 391 as hypertexts

Sign 391 is ligatured to compose Sign 355

This composition of Sign 355 infixing Sign 391 is a duplication of Sign `162 'rice-plant'

Orthography of Sign 347 in Indus Script read rebus hypertext metalcasting furnace, smithy, forge

https://tinyurl.com/y9np8ugz
Orthography of Sign 347

indicates that it is a igature of a pair of sprouts

Sign 162 fused into

a rimless pot shape.

Variants of Sign 347

Thus, the components of Sign 347 read rebus are: kolmo 'rice plant' rebus: kolimi'smithy, forge' PLUS dula'pair' rebus: dul 'metal casting' PLUS baṭa'rimless pot' rebus: bhaṭa 'furnace'. Together, the Sign 347 is read as hypertext: dul bhaṭa kolimi 'metalcasting furnace, smithy, forge'. When 'wheel' sign Sign 391

is infixed in this composite hypertext of Sign 347

the rebus readig is: ṯs̱arḵẖ 'potter'swheel' (Pashto) rebus arka 'copper,gold' eraka 'moltencast, metal infusion' PLUS dul bhaṭa kolimi 'metalcasting furnace, smithy, forge'. The inscription with this hyprtext of Sign 355

thus signifies a smithy/forge with a metalcasting, copper, gold metal infusion furnace.

Sign 391 'potter's wheel' is also infixed within a composite hypertext of Sign 358 'closed fist' which signifies

Sign 358 variants Clenched fist as an Indus Script Hypertext which signifies मुष्टिक 'fist' rebus: goldsmith Meaning of 'goldsmith' is validated by the etyma which are semantic expansions of the Bhāratīya sprachbund word: muka 'blow with fist' (Sindhi) rebus: mũhe 'ingot' (Santali): मुष्टिक a partic. position of the hands rebus: मुष्टिक a goldsmith L.; (pl.) of a despised race (= डोम्बास्) R.;N. of an असुर Hariv. अ-क्षर--मुष्टिका f. the art of communicating syllables or ideas by the fingers (one of the 64 कलाs) वात्स्यायन

Sign 347 is sign 328 ligature with two sign 162 hieroglyphs: dula 'two' rebus: dul 'metal casting' PLUS kolmo 'rice plant' rebus: kolimi 'smithy, forge' PLUS Sign 328 baṭa 'rimless pot' rebus: baṭa 'iron' bhaṭa 'furnace'. Thus the hypertext of Sign 347 reads: dul kolimi bhaṭa 'metalcasting smithy/forge furnace' PLUS څرخ ṯs̱arḵẖ, s.m. (2nd) A wheel (particularly a potter's, or of a water-mill or well); arka 'sun' rebus: arka 'gold, copper'. agasāle, arkaśāla 'goldsmith copper (metal) workshop'
Sign 342 karaṇaka 'rim of jar'; detailed rebus reading Meluhha: bhāṭi kaṇḍa karaṇa sāla 'furnace equipment writers' workshop'.

m1801 Seal impression

Sign 347 is sign 328 ligature with two sign 162 hieroglyphs: dula 'two' rebus: dul 'metal casting' PLUS kolmo 'rice plant' rebus: kolimi 'smithy, forge' PLUS Sign 328 baṭa 'rimless pot' rebus: baṭa 'iron' bhaṭa 'furnace'. Thus the hypertext of Sign 347 reads: dul kolimi bhaṭa 'metalcasting smithy/forge furnace' PLUS څرخ ṯs̱arḵẖ, s.m. (2nd) A wheel (particularly a potter's, or of a water-mill or well); arka 'sun' rebus: arka 'gold, copper'. agasāle, arkaśāla 'goldsmith copper (metal) workshop'

Sign 342 karaṇaka 'rim of jar'; detailed rebus reading:

Meluhha: bhāṭi kaṇḍa karaṇa sāla 'furnace equipment writers' workshop'.Sign 343 ligature: notch: खांडा khāṇḍā A jag, notch, or indentation (as upon the edge of a tool' Rebus:khaṇḍa 'implements'
koḍa 'one' rebus: koḍ 'workshop'

gōṭī 'round pebble; Rebus: goṭi = silver (Gujarati) PLUS kolom 'three' rebus: kolimi 'smithy,forge' Thus, silver forge.

PLUS kharada खरडें 'daybooks' written by खरड्या kharaḍyā a (खरडणें) That writes or shaves rudely and roughly; a mere quill-driver (detailing) करडा [karaḍā] Hard from alloy--iron, silver &c. (Marathi) 2. kharādī ‘ turner (or lapidary work)’ (Gujarati)

Pa. kaṇḍa -- m.n. ʻ joint of stalk, stalk, arrow, lump ʼ; Pk. kaṁḍa -- , °aya -- m.n. Rebus: khaṇḍa 'equipment'.

m700 Seal, Seal impression. Rebus readings: šē̃ṣṭrĭ̄,khar 'squirrel' Rebus: śrēṣṭhin khār guild-master of blacksmith artisans and merchants

'Flag' hieroglyph: dhvajapaṭa m. ʻ flag ʼ Kāv. [dhvajá -- , paṭa -- ]Pk. dhayavaḍa -- m. ʻ flag ʼ, OG. dhayavaḍa m. Rebus: Pk. dhāu -- m. ʻ metal, red chalk ʼ; N. dhāu ʻ ore (esp. of copper) ʼ; Or. ḍhāu ʻ red chalk, red ochre ʼ (whence ḍhāuā ʻ reddish ʼ; M. dhāū, dhāv m.f. ʻ a partic. soft red stone ʼ (whence dhā̆vaḍ m. ʻ a caste of iron -- smelters ʼ, dhāvḍī ʻ composed of or relating to iron ʼ); -- Si. dā ʻ relic (CDIAL 6773) Hypertext reads: mē̃ḍ 'body' rebus: mē̃ḍ ‘iron’ (Mu.) PLUS dhā̆vaḍ (semantic determinative': 'iron smelter'.

څرخ ṯs̱arḵẖ, s.m. (2nd) A wheel (particularly a potter's, or of a water-mill or well); arka 'sun' rebus: arka 'gold, copper'. agasāle, arkaśāla 'goldsmith copper (metal) workshop'

Sign 342 karaṇaka 'rim of jar'; detailed rebus reading:

Meluhha: bhāṭi kaṇḍa karaṇa sāla 'furnace equipment writers' workshop'.

See:

Hypertexts (46) of basic sign 328 'rimless pot', products from kunda bhaṭṭhā bhāṇḍā 'fine gold furnace goods granary or treasury' https://tinyurl.com/yc9sbqfr

The basic expression signified by the basic hieroglyph, 'rimless pot' is:

kunda bhaṭṭhā bhāṇḍā 'fine gold furnace goods granary or treasury'

Three two-side tablets of Harappa are: h2091 A,B h2092 A,B h2093 A,B The messages are: 1. Sign 391 PLUS Sign 176; 2. Sign 328 PLUS Sign 176 PLUS Sig 391; 3.Sign 391 PLUS Sign 328 PLUS Sign 267

The rebus Meluhha readings of the 3 tablets are presented below:

Tablet 1

څرخ ṯs̱arḵẖ, s.m. (2nd) A wheel (particularly a potter's, or of a water-mill or well); arka 'sun' rebus: arka 'gold, copper'. agasāle, arkaśāla 'goldsmith copper (metal) workshop' PLUS kharada खरडें 'daybooks' written by खरड्या kharaḍyā a (खरडणें) That writes or shaves rudely and roughly; a mere quill-driver (detailing) करडा [karaḍā] Hard from alloy--iron, silver &c. (Marathi) 2. kharādī ‘ turner (or lapidary work)’ (Gujarati)

Tablet 2

Same rebus readings as Tablet 1 PLUS Sign 328 which reads: kunda bhaṭṭhā bhāṇḍā 'fine gold baṭa = a kind of iron (Gujarati) furnace goods granary or treasury'

Tablet 3

1. څرخ ṯs̱arḵẖ, s.m. (2nd) A wheel (particularly a potter's, or of a water-mill or well); arka 'sun' rebus: arka 'gold, copper'. agasāle, arkaśāla 'goldsmith copper (metal) workshop'

2. kanac 'corner' rebus: kancu 'bell-metal' kanac 'corner' rebus: kancu 'bell metal'
3. kunda bhaṭṭhā bhāṇḍā 'fine gold baṭa = a kind of iron (Gujarati) furnace goods granary or treasury'

Explaining the rebus Meluhha reading of Sign 176 'currycomb' hieroglyph

Sign 176Hieroglyph: currycomb: खरारा kharārā m ( H) A currycomb. 2 Currying a horse. ख0 खाजवीत नगारा वाजवीत-येतो-फिरतो &c. Used of a low vagabond or idler.(Marathi) khareḍo 'a currycomb' (Gujarati); खरड्या kharaḍyā a (खरडणें) That writes or shaves rudely and roughly; a mere quill-driver; a very scraper.

Rebus: wealth-accounting ledgers -- kharada खरडें 'daybooks' 1. करडा [karaḍā] Hard from alloy--iron, silver &c. (Marathi) 2. kharādī ‘ turner’ (Gujarati)

Seal excavated in 2009 at Kanmer in the Kutch.
khareḍo = a currycomb (Gujarati) खरारा [ kharārā ] m ( H) A currycomb. 2 Currying a horse. (Marathi) Rebus: 1. करडा [karaḍā] Hard from alloy--iron, silver &c. (Marathi) 2. kharādī ‘ turner’ (Gujarati)Seal m 290 Mohenjo-daroIndus Script epigraph deciphered: kol 'working in iron' + pattar 'goldsmith guild' + ṭāṅka ʻleg, thighʼ (Oriya) PLUS khar 'ass, onager' (Kashmiri) PLUS kharedo = a currycomb (Gujarati) deciphered as: ṭaṅka 'mint' PLUS khār खार् 'blacksmith' PLUS kharādī ‘ turner’ (Gujarati) Tiger PLUS (trough -- broken seal): kola 'tiger' Rebus; kolle 'blacksmith' kol 'working in iron' kole.l 'smithy, temple' kolimi 'smithy, forge' PLUS pattar 'trough' Rebus: pattar 'guild of goldsmiths'.

ṭaṅkaśālā -- , ṭaṅkakaś˚ f. ʻ mint ʼ lex. [ṭaṅka -- 1, śāˊlā -- ]N. ṭaksāl, ˚ār, B. ṭāksāl, ṭã̄k˚, ṭek˚, Bhoj. ṭaksār, H. ṭaksāl, ˚ār f., G. ṭãksāḷ f., M. ṭã̄ksāl, ṭāk˚, ṭãk˚, ṭak˚. -- Deriv. G. ṭaksāḷī m. ʻ mint -- master ʼ, M. ṭāksāḷyā m.Addenda: ṭaṅkaśālā -- : Brj. ṭaksāḷī, ˚sārī m. ʻ mint -- master ʼ.(CDIAL 3424) टंकशाला ṭaṅkaśālā f (S) pop. टंकसाळ or टकसाळ f A mint. टंकसाळचा फुटका or फुटलेला ṭaṅkasāḷacā phuṭakā or phuṭalēlā a (Broken in the mint.) Spoiled or mutilated in birth, or in the parents' home, or in early training &c. The phrase is from H. टंकसाळ्या ṭaṅkasāḷyā a (टंकसाळ) Epithet of that सोनार or goldsmith who is employed in coining: opp. to अंगसाळ्या. 2 A person generally employed at the mint. (Marathi)

Annex A. Decipherment of Seal m296, Caravan of goldsmiths

See:

Indus Script seals of guild-masters and ଲୋହଳ— Lohaḻa 'ironsmiths' m296, m417 https://tinyurl.com/wehlb2t

Hieroglyph: ଲୋହଳ— Lohaḻa The principal link in a chain. (Oriya)

Rebus: lōhakāra m. ʻ iron -- worker ʼ, ˚rī -- f., ˚raka -- m. lex., lauhakāra -- m. Hit. [lōhá -- , kāra -- 1]Pa. lōhakāra -- m. ʻ coppersmith, ironsmith ʼ; Pk. lōhāra -- m. ʻ blacksmith ʼ, S. luhā̆ru m., L. lohār m., ˚rī f., awāṇ. luhār, P. WPah.khaś. bhal. luhār m., Ku. lwār, N. B. lohār, Or. lohaḷa, Bi.Bhoj. Aw.lakh. lohār, H. lohār, luh˚ m., G. lavār m., M. lohār m.; Si. lōvaru ʻ coppersmith ʼ.Addenda: lōhakāra -- : WPah.kṭg. (kc.) lhwāˋr m. ʻ blacksmith ʼ, lhwàri f. ʻ his wife ʼ, Garh. lwār m.(CDIAL 11159) ଲୋହଳ— Lohaḻa ସଂ. ବି (ଲୋହ+ଲା ଧାତୁ=ପାଇବା+କର୍ତ୍ତୃ. ଅ)— 1। ଲୋହକାର; କମାର—1. Ironsmith. 2। ଶୃଙ୍ଖଳର ପ୍ରଧାନ ମୂଦିଆ—2. The principal link in a chain. ସଂ. ବିଣ— 1। ଖନା—1. Lisping. 2। ଅଷ୍ଫୁଟବାକ୍; ଅବ୍ଯକ୍ତଭାଷୀ; ଦରୋଟି କଥା କହୁଥିବା— 2. Speaking inarticulately. 3। ଲୌହନିର୍ମିତ— 3. Made of iron (M.W.) †*lōhahala -- ʻ ploughshare ʼ. [lōhá -- , halá -- ]WPah.kṭg. lhwāˋḷ m. ʻ ploughshare ʼ, J. lohāl ʻ an agricultural instrument ʼ; rather < †*lōhaphāla -- .(CDIAL 11163a)

Hieroglyph: kaḍī a chain; a hook; a link (G.); kaḍum a bracelet, a ring (G.) Rebus: kaḍiyo [Hem. Des. kaḍaio = Skt. sthapati a mason] a bricklayer; a mason; kaḍiyaṇa, kaḍiyeṇa a woman of the bricklayer caste; a wife of a bricklayer (G.)

the two links of a chain shown on m296 seal as कटक kaṭaka 'link of a chain' rebus: कटकम् kaṭakam 'caravan, an army, a camp' (from a gold-silversmith mint) working with eraka, 'moltencast metals', ayas 'metal alloys', metal equipment [ayaskāṇḍa ‘a quantity of iron,excellent iron’ (Pāṇ.gaṇ)] in a kole.l 'smithy/forge'; 'temple'.

-- కమటము kamaṭa 'portable furnace' rebus: kammaṭa 'mint'.

कटकः कम् kaṭakḥ kam कटकः कम् 1 A bracelet of gold; कटकाकृतिमुपमृद्य स्वस्तिकः क्रियन्ते Mbh. on I.1.1. आबद्धहेमकटकां रहसि स्मरामि Ch. P.15; Śi.16.77; कटकान्यूर्मिकाश्चापि चित्ररत्न- चयाङ्किताः Śiva. B.17.44. -2 A zone or girdle. -3 A string. -4 The link of a chain. -5 A mat. -6 sea- salt.-9 An army, a camp; आकुल्यकारि कटकस्तुरगेण तूर्णम् Śi.5.59; Mu.5. -1 A royal capital or metropolis (राजधानी). -11 A house or dwelling. -12 A circle or wheel. -13 A ring placed as an ornament upon an elephant's tusk. -14 N. of the capital of Orissa. -Comp. -गृहः A lizard.
Ta. kaṭikai bolt, sliding catch. Ma. kaṭika peg tied to the well-rope to prevent its slipping from the bucket. Te. gaḍacīla wooden pin with which a bucket is fastened to the pole of a picottah.(DEDR 1130)

कटकिन् kaṭakin कटकिन् m. A mountain. कटकः कम् kaṭakḥ kam -7 The side or ridge of a mountain; प्रफुल्लवृक्षैः कटकैरिव स्वैः Ku.7.52; R.16.31. -8 Table-land; स्फटिककटकभूमिर्नाटयत्येष शैलः Śi.4.65. (Apte) कटक mn. a royal camp Katha1s. Hit. &c; an army; mn. a multitude , troop , caravan Das3.; mn. collection , compilation Ka1d. 40 , 11; mn. N. of the capital of the Orissa (Cuttack)(Monier-Williams)

शृङ्गिन् 'horned' (RV)(Monier-Williams)शृङ्गिन् śṛṅgin शृङ्गिन् a. (-णी f.) [शृङ्गमस्त्यस्य इनि] 1 Horned.(Apte) Rebus: शृङ्गि gold used for ornaments (also -कनक) (Monier-Williams) शृङ्गिः śṛṅgiḥ शृङ्गिः Gold for ornaments śṛṅgī शृङ्गी Gold used for ornaments (Apte)

Two शृङ्खला 'chain links' are also shown on an Indus Script seal (m296) together two 'unicorn' heads in profile.

These are: two ଲୋହଳ— Lohaḻa The principal link in a chain. (Oriya)

Image result for unicorns nine ficus leaves indus script

Seal impression of m296

The horns are spiny. Such spiny horns are signified by the Santali word singhin cognate with शृङ्गिन् 'horned' (RV)(Monier-Williams)शृङ्गिन् śṛṅgin शृङ्गिन् a. (-णी f.) [शृङ्गमस्त्यस्य इनि] 1 Horned.(Apte)

Rebus readings are: शृङ्गि gold used for ornaments (also -कनक) (Monier-Williams) शृङ्गिः śṛṅgiḥ शृङ्गिः Gold for ornaments śṛṅgī शृङ्गी Gold used for ornaments (Apte)

Two heads of 'horned young bulls': dol 'likeness, picture, form' (Santali) dula 'pair' Rebus: dul 'cast iron' (Santali) dul ‘to cast metal in a mould’ (Santali) dul meṛeḍ cast iron (Mundari. Santali) PLUS kunda singi 'horned young bull' rebus: kunda singi 'fine gold, ornament gold'. kō̃da कोँद । कुलालादिकन्दुः f. a kiln; a potter's kiln (Rām. 1446; H. xi, 11); a brick-kiln (Śiv. 1033); a lime-kiln. -bal -बल् । कुलालादिकन्दुस्थानम् m. the place where a kiln is erected, a brick or potter's kiln (Gr.Gr. 165). --khasüñ^ü --खस॑ञू॒ । कुलालादिकन्दुयथावद्भावः f.inf. a kiln to arise; met. to become like such a kiln (which contains no imperfectly baked articles, but only well-made perfectly baked ones), hence, a collection of good ('pucka') articles or qualities to exist. Cf. Śiv. 1033, where the causal form of the verb is used.

Hieroglyphs: śr̥ṅkhala m.n. ʻ chain ʼ rebus शृङ्गिः śṛṅgiḥ शृङ्गिः Gold for ornaments śṛṅgī शृङ्गी Gold used for ornaments PLUS kaṛā 'ring' (Punjabi) rebus: khār 1 खार् । लोहकारः 'blacksmith, ironsmith' (Kashmiri) Pair: dul khār 'metalcaster smith'.PLUS Hieroglyph of portable furnace with round pebbles: गोटी [ gōṭī ] f (Dim. of गोटा) A roundish stone or pebble. 2 A marble Rebus: गोटी [ gōṭī ] f (Dim. of गोटा) A lump of silver: as obtained by melting down lace or fringe. Thus, the hypertext reads: dul gōṭī śṛṅgi khār 'silver, ornament gold metalcaster smith'.

Hieroglyph:Nine, ficus leaves: 1.loa 'ficus glomerata' (Santali) no = nine (B.) on-patu = nine (Ta.) rebus: lo 'iron' (Assamese) loa ‘iron’ (Gypsy) lauha = made of copper or iron (Gr.S'r.); metal, iron (Skt.); lohakāra = coppersmith, ironsmith (Pali);lohāra = blacksmith (Pt.); lohal.a (Or.); loha = metal, esp. copper orbronze (Pali); copper (VS.); loho, lo = metal, ore, iron (Si.) loha lut.i = iron utensils and implements (Santali) ଲୋହକାର; କମାର—1. Ironsmith.

kamaṛkom ‘ficus’ (Santali); Rebus: Ta. kampaṭṭam coinage, coin. Ma. kammaṭṭam, kammiṭṭamcoinage, mint. Ka. kammaṭa id.; kammaṭi a coiner (DEDR 1236)

Hieroglyph: Semantic determinative of portable furnace:

కమటము kamaṭamu kamaṭamu. [Tel.] n. A portable furnace for melting the precious metals. అగసాలెవాని కుంపటి. "చ కమటము కట్లెసంచియొరగల్లును గత్తెర సుత్తె చీర్ణముల్ ధమనియుస్రావణంబు మొలత్రాసును బట్టెడ నీరుకారు సా నము పటుకారు మూస బలునాణె పరీక్షల మచ్చులాదిగా నమరగభద్రకారక సమాహ్వయు డొక్కరుడుండు నప్పురిన్"హంస. ii. కమసాలవాడు (p. 246) kamasālavāḍu Same as కంసాలి. కమసాలవాడు kamasālavāḍu kaṃsāli or కంసాలవాడు kamsāli. [Tel.] n. A goldsmith or silversmith. కమ్మటము kammaṭamu Same as కమటము. కమ్మటీడు kammaṭīḍu. [Tel.] A man of the goldsmith caste. Rebus: Ta. kampaṭṭam coinage, coin. Ma. kammaṭṭam, kammiṭṭam coinage, mint. Ka. kammaṭa id.; kammaṭi a coiner (DEDR 1236)

Text of the Indus Script inscription m296

1387

kana, kanac =corner (Santali); Rebus: kañcu, 'bell-metal' (Telugu) कंस mn. ( √कम् Un2. iii , 62), a vessel made of metal , drinking vessel , cup , goblet AV. x , 10 , 5 AitBr. S3Br. &c; a metal , tutanag or white copper , brass , bell-metal (Monier-Williams) The rhombus symbols is shaped like an ingot: mũh 'rhombus shape' rebus: mũh ingot'. Thus, bell-metal ingot.

Ligatured glyph. : څرخ ṯs̱arḵẖ, s.m. (2nd) A wheel (particularly a potter's wheel' (Pashto) rebus arka 'copper, gold' eraka 'moltencast, metal infusion' arā 'spoke' rebus: āra 'brass'. era, er-a = eraka =?nave; erakōlu = the iron axle of a carriage (Ka.M.); cf. irasu (Kannada)[Note Sign 391 and its ligatures Signs 392 and 393 may connote a spoked-wheel, nave of the wheel through which the axle passes; cf. ar ā, spoke]erka = ekke (Tbh.of arka) aka (Tbh. of arka) copper (metal);crystal (Kannada) cf. eruvai = copper (Ta.lex.) eraka, er-aka = any metal infusion (Ka.Tu.); erako molten cast (Tulu) Rebus: eraka

= copper (Ka.)eruvai =copper (Ta.); ere - a dark-red colour (Ka.)(DEDR 817). eraka, era, er-a = syn. erka, copper, weapons (Ka.)Vikalpa: ara, arā (RV.) = spoke of wheel ஆரம்² āram , n. < āra. 1. Spoke of a wheel See ஆரக்கால். ஆரஞ்சூழ்ந்த வயில்வாய்நேமியொடு (சிறுபாண். 253). Rebus: ஆரம்brass; பித்தளை.(அக. நி.)

Sign 123: kuṭi = a slice, a bit, a small piece (Santali.Bodding) Rebus: kuṭhi ‘iron smelter furnace’ (Santali) kuṭhī factory (A.)(CDIAL 3546)

Thus, Part 1 of the hypertext sequence connotes arka 'copper,gold' eraka 'moltencast, metal infusion' and a copper, bronze, brass smelter furnace.

Ayo ‘fish’; kaṇḍa‘arrow’; rebus: ayaskāṇḍa. ayas 'alloy metal' The sign sequence is ayaskāṇḍa ‘a quantity of iron,excellent iron’ (Pāṇ.gaṇ) ayo, hako 'fish'; a~s = scales of fish (Santali); rebus: aya = iron (G.); ayah, ayas = metal (Skt.) kaṇḍa ‘fire-altar’ (Santali) DEDR 191 Ta. ayirai, acarai, acalai loach, sandy colour, Cobitis thermalis; ayilai a kind of fish. Ma. ayala a fish, mackerel, scomber; aila, ayila a fish; ayira a kind of small fish, loach. ayir = iron dust, any ore (Ma.) aduru = gan.iyindategadu karagade iruva aduru = ore taken from the mine and not subjected to melting in a furnace (Ka. Siddha_nti Subrahman.ya’ S’astri’s new interpretationof the Amarakos’a, Bangalore, Vicaradarpana Press, 1872, p. 330) DEDR 192 Ta. ayil iron. Ma. ayir,ayiram any ore. Ka. aduru nativemetal.

Tu. ajirdakarba very hard iron अयस् n. iron , metal RV. &c ; an iron weapon (as an axe , &c ) RV. vi , 3 ,5 and 47 , 10; gold Naigh.; steel L. ; ([cf. Lat. aes , aer-is for as-is ; Goth. ais , Thema aisa ; Old Germ. e7r , iron ; Goth. eisarn ; Mod. Germ. Eisen.])(Monier-Williams) Thus, in R̥gveda, the falsifiable hypothesis is that ayas signified 'alloy metal' in the early Tin-Bronze Revolution.

kole.l 'temple, smithy' (Kota); kolme ‘smithy' (Ka.) kol ‘working in iron, blacksmith (Ta.); kollan- blacksmith (Ta.); kollan blacksmith, artificer (Ma.)(DEDR 2133) kolme =furnace (Ka.) kol = pan~calo_ha (five metals); kol metal (Ta.lex.) pan~caloha = a metallic alloy containing five metals: copper, brass, tin, lead and iron (Skt.); an alternative list of five metals: gold, silver, copper, tin (lead), and iron (dhātu; Nānārtharatnākara. 82; Mangarāja’s Nighaṇṭu. 498)(Ka.) kol, kolhe, ‘the koles, an aboriginal tribe if iron smelters speaking a language akin to that of Santals’ (Santali) kolimi 'smithy, forge' (Telugu)

Thus, Part 2 of hypertext reads: ayaskāṇḍa kole.l 'smithy/forge excellent quantity of iron'

Both Part 1 an Part 2 of hypertext together:

kamsa āra kuṭhi 'bronze (bell-meta), brass smelter'; ayaskāṇḍa kole.l 'smithy/forge excellent quantity of iron (alloy metal)'.

Thus, the pictorial motif and the text message on m296 Indus Script inscription signify a caravan of gold-silversmiths.

Annex B. Decipherment of Harappa tablet h176

khaṛu ʻbierʼ rebus खातें khātēṃ 'account' of kanka 'scribe, supercargo', (cargo from) baran 'mixed alloys' (5 copper, 4 zinc and 1 tin), meḍ 'iron', battuḍu, baḍaga 'five artificers', arka baṭa 'copper furnace'

https://tinyurl.com/y3sts8fm

This is an addendum to: milakkhu, mleccha 'goat' rebus copper smelting processes on Indus Script 8 hieroglyphs composition, spy on tree, tiger looks back, yogi seated on platform https://tinyurl.com/y2ddzye8

This addendum demonstrates that the Harappa tablet h176 is: खातें khātēṃ 'account' of kanka 'scribe, supercargo', baran 'mixed alloys' (5 copper, 4 zinc and 1 tin), meḍ 'iron', battuḍu, baḍaga 'five artificers', arka baṭa 'copper furnace'.

If the animal shown on h176B is a hare, the rebus reading is: kharā 'hare' rebus: khār 'blacksmith'.

The narrative described on this link relates to one side of a two-sided Harappa tablet h176.

Both sides of the tablet together with a text inscription are presented below, in three figures:

h176A (Field symbol + text of inscription)

h176B (Field symbol)

h176 Text of inscription

h176 tablet Tablet in bas-relief

h176a

Person standing at the centerbetween a two-tiered structure at R., and a short-horned bull (bison) standing near a trident-headed post at L. (PLUS text of inscription)

h176b

From R.—a tiger (?); a seated, pig-tailed person on a platform; flanked on either side by a person seated on a tree with a tiger, below, looking back. A hare (or goat?) is seen near the platform.

FS 96 Person standing at the centre between a two-tiered

structure at R. and a short·horned bull standing near a trident-headed post at L.

dula 'pair' rebus: dul 'metal casting' PLUS arka 'wheel, sun' rebus: arka 'copper, gold'

kanka 'rim of jar' rebus: kanka 'scribe, supercargo'.

బత్తుడు battuḍu 'worshipper' బత్తుడు battuḍu, baḍaga 'a professional title of five artificers' ; pattar 'guild of goldsmiths'.

Standing person: meḍ 'body' rebus: meḍ 'iron' (Mu.Ho.) med 'copper' (Slavic languages)

barad, balad 'ox' rebus: भरत bharata n A factitious metal compounded of copper, pewter, tin &c भरतक bharataka n (भरणें) Complement (of a number or a quantity). 2 Cargo, lading, load, contents. 3 unc Loaded or filled state (of a ship, vehicle &c.); भरताचें भांडें bharatācē mbhāṇḍēṃ n A vessel made of the metal भरत. भरती bharatī a Composed of the metal भरत. baran 'mixed alloys' (5 copper, 4 zinc and 1 tin) (Punjabi)

khaḍū1 m. ʻ bier ʼ lex. 2. khaṭṭi -- m. lex. [Cf. kháṭvā -- ] 1. B. khaṛu ʻ bier ʼ.2. B. khāṭi ʻ bier ʼ, Or. khāṭa.(CDIAL 3785) Rebus: khāti 'wheelwright'. Text of inscription: dula 'two' rebus: dul 'metalcasting' PLUSarā 'spoke of wheel' rebus: arā 'brass'. Hieroglyph:buffalo: rã̄go 'buffalo' Rebus: rāṅgā 'zinc alloy, spelter, pewter'. Thus, cast spelter Hieroglyph: body: mēd 'body' (Kur.)(DEDR 5099); meḍ 'iron' (Ho.) கட்டில் kaṭṭil , n. < கட்டு-. Bier; பாடை. கட்டிலேற்றிக் கைதொழுஉ (ஞானா. 6)Ta. kaṭṭil cot, bedstead, couch, sofa; throne. Ma. kaṭṭil bedstead, cot. Ko. kaṭḷ cot. Koḍ. kaṭṭï id. Te. kaṭli litter, dooly. Go.(Tr. Mu.) kaṭṭul (obl. kaṭṭud-, pl. kaṭṭuhk) bed, cot; (numerous dialects) kaṭṭul, kaṭul id.(Voc. 477). Konḍa (Sovadial.) kaṭel(i) cot. Pe. kaṭel id. Manḍ. kaṭel id. Kui (K.) gaṭeli id. Kuwi (Su.) kaṭeli, (P.) gaṭeli, (S.) kateli,(F.) kuteli (i.e. kaṭeli; pl. kutelka, i.e. kaṭelka) id. / Cf. Turner, CDIAL, no. 3781, kháṭvā- cot; no. 3785, khaṭṭi- bier (lex.); also kaṭāha- cot (lex.). From IA: Pa. kaṭeya cot (< Halbi); Kui kaṭe id.; Kur. khaṭī bedstead, bed; Malt. kaṭe, káṭi id. .(DEDR 1145) kháṭvā f. ʻ bedstead ʼ Kauś., ˚vākā -- f. Pāṇ., ˚vikā -- Kāś., khaṭṭā -- f., ˚ṭaka -- m. Apte. [Cf. khaṭṭi -- , khaḍū -- 1, khāṭa -- m., ˚ṭā, ˚ṭĭ̄ -- , ˚ṭikā -- f. ʻ bier ʼ lex. and Pa. khaṭōpikā<-> f. ʻ bed ʼ]Pk. khaṭṭā -- f., Ḍ. khaṭ, Paś. kuṛ. chil. xōṭ, dar. kāaṭ (lauṛ. kaṭ ← Psht. ← IA. IIFL iii 3, 101), Shum. xāṭ, Woṭ Gaw. khaṭ, Sh. khăṭ m., K. ḍoḍ. khaṭ, S. khaṭa f., L. P. khaṭṭ f., WPah. bhad. khaṭ, Ku. N. A. B. khāṭ, Or. khaṭa, Bi. Mth. khāṭ, Bhoj. khāṭī, Aw. lakh. khaṭiyā, H. G. M. Ko. khāṭ f.; -- Pk. khaṭṭuliyā -- f. ʻ little bed ʼ, S. khaṭolo m. ʻ plain bedstead ʼ; P. khaṭolī f. ʻ small bed -- bug ʼ; N. khaṭauli ʻ wooden litter ʼ, A. khaṭalā; B. khāṭuli ʻ bier ʼ; Bi. khaṭolī ʻ cot, litter ʼ, Mth. khaṭulī ʻ cot ʼ, khoṭlī ʻ litter ʼ; H. khaṭolā ʻ cot ʼ; G. khāḷlɔʻ bedstead ʼ. khaṭvāṅga -- . Addenda: kháṭvā -- : Garh. khāṭ ʻ cot ʼ, A. khāṭ AFD 92.(CDIAL 3781)

ଖଟିଆ Khaṭiā ...Stretcher; carrier or a small bed-like conveyance for carrying dead bodies, wounded men or sick men to the hospital; a bier. ପ୍ରାଦେ. (ପୁରୀ) ବି— ଶୁକ୍ରଜାତିବିଶେଷ— A class of Ṡūdras. ଦେ. ବିଣ.—ଖଟ୍ଟି Khaṭṭi ଖଟ୍ଟି— Khaṭṭi ସଂ. ବି—(ଖଟ୍ଟ ଧାତୁ=ଆଚ୍ଛାଦନ କରିବା+କର୍ମ. ଇ)— କୋକେଇ— A bier (Apte).ଖଟ୍ଟିକା Khaṭṭikā ...A bier. [ଦ୍ର—ଖଟିଆ ଶଦ୍ଦ ଏହି ଶଦ୍ଦରୁ ଅପଭ୍ରଷ୍ଟ।]

खातेवही khātēvahī f The book framed from the daybook, containing the distinct accounts of individuals. खातेवाईक khātēvāīka c One that has an account (with a banker &c.) खातें पोतें khātē mpōtēṃ n (खातें & पोतें The account and the purse.) Dealings with; business with (of buying and selling). खातें khātēṃ n An account (with an individual or of the outlay upon any concern or business) as appearing upon or as drawn and framed from the daybook: also the paper or leger exhibiting such distinct account. 2 fig. The range or reach, the sphere or compass (of rule, sway, government, inclusion, comprehension). Ex. किल्ल्याचे खात्यांत मुलूक आहे; हा गांव मुंबईखात्याखालीं मोडतो. 3 Province; proper office or business: also department; particular sphere of labor or work: as बिगारखातें, खैरातखातें, खर्चखातें; also गांवखातें or मुलकीखातें Civil department; लशकरीखातें Military department; पैमाशखातें Survey-department; न्यायखातं Judicial department. खातर khātara f ( A) Regard or consideration for; care or concern about as of importance. Gen. neg. con. Ex. पैका गेल्याची त्यास खा0 नाहीं; हजार रुपये त्याचे खातरेंत नाहींत. 2 Assurance or confidence; conviction or satisfaction of mind. Ex. हा मनुष्य विश्वासू असी आमची खा0 आहे. 3 Choice, liking, mind. Ex. आमचे खातरेस वाटेल तें करूं; हें खातरेस येत नाहीं. 4 Used as prep For the sake of. खा0 करणें g. of o. To satisfy regarding. खातरीं पटणें To please, suit, be liked.खातरदारी khātaradārī f ( P) Assurance or guarantee--whether a person or any token. 2 Assurance of mind regarding.

kamadha 'penance' rebus: kammata 'mint, coiner, coinage'; dula 'pair' rebus: dul 'metal casting'

krammara 'look back' rebus: kamar 'artisan' kola 'tiger' rebus: kol 'working in iron' kole.l 'temple rebus: kole.l 'smithy, forge'

బత్తుడు battuḍu 'worshipper' బత్తుడు battuḍu, baḍaga 'a professional title of five artificers' ; pattar 'guild of goldsmiths' The worshipper holds a rimless pot: baṭa 'rimless pot' rebus: baṭa 'furnace'

Copper smelting processes on field symbol composition of Indus Script, spy, tree, tiger looks back, yogi seated on platform, goat

Field Symbol Figure 112 Fro m R. - a tiger; a goat: a seated personage on a pedestal; a person seated on a Iree with a tiger below. (Source: ASI 1977 Indus Script Concordance of Mahadevan)

The hieroglyphs are:
1. tiger kol 'tiger' rebus: kol 'working in iron' kolhe 'smelter'
2. tiger looks back kolā krammara 'tiger looks back' rebus kolhe kammāra iron smelter smith artisan
3. tree kuṭi 'tree' rebus: kuṭhi 'smelter'
4. spy on tree heraka = spy (Skt.); eraka, hero = a messenger; a spy (Gujarati); er to look at or for (Pkt.); er uk- to play 'peeping tom' (Ko.) Rebus: erka = ekke (Tbh. of arka) aka (Tbh. of arka) copper (metal); crystal (Ka.lex.) cf. eruvai = copper (Tamil) eraka, er-aka = any metal infusion (Ka.Tu.) eraka‘copper’ (Kannada)
5. person seated in penance kamaḍha 'penance', rebus: kammaṭa = mint, gold furnace (Te.) 'mint, coiner, coinage' Ta. kampaṭṭam coinage, coin. Ma. kammaṭṭam, kammiṭṭam coinage, mint. Ka. kammaṭa id.; kammaṭi a coiner.(DEDR 1236)
6. person wears scarf as pigtail dhatu 'scarf' rebus: dhatu 'mineral ore'
7. Person seated on platform pāṭa ʻthroneʼ rebus फड phaḍa 'metals manufactory guild', పట్టడ paṭṭaḍa paṭṭaḍu. [Tel.] n. A smithy, a shop. కుమ్మరి వడ్లంగి మొదలగువారు పనిచేయు చోటు.
8. goat melh,mr̤eka 'goat or antelope' rebus: milakkhu, mleccha 'copper'.

https://tinyurl.com/yctpwnta

This is an addendum to:

Tin, alloy metal repertoire of muṭṭi 'goldsmith' deciphered in Indus inscription on four-sided Harappa molded tablet

https://tinyurl.com/ybpu9erc

muṭṭi 'fist' (Ta.), मुष्टि the clenched hand , fist (perhaps orig. " the hand closed to grasp anything stolen ") RV. Rebus: मुष्टिकः 'goldsmith' मुष्टिकाः N. of an outcast race (the Dombas) डोम m. a man of low caste (living by singing and music); डोम्ब m. id. VarBr2S. lxxxvii , 33 (v.l. डुम्ब) Katha1s. xiii , 96ff. Ra1jat. vf. N. of a man , vii , 1070 and 1136; f. a kind of drama Das3ar. i, Sayana (Monier-Williams)

मुष्टिकः 'goldsmith' मुष्टिकाः N. of an outcast race (the Dombas) Thus, a Domba is a मुष्टिकः 'goldsmith' Domba are tumblers,musicians. The seals which narrate the butting by a bull and tumblers tumbling signifies: rāngo ‘water buffalo bull’ (Ku.N.)(CDIAL 10559) Rebus: Hieroglyph: muṭṭikai 'butting' rebus: muṭṭi 'jeweller, jeweller's hammer, goldsmith' Rebus:rango ‘pewter’. ranga, rang pewter is an alloy of tin, lead, and antimony (anjana) (Santali). Thus, the डोम्ब DOmba muṭṭi ''Dom goldsmith' is a worker in the alloy called pewter which is an alloy of tin, lead and antimony. This economic narrative of the metalwork artisans who are both goldsmiths and alloy metal workers is depicted on the seals which show tumblers being butted by water buffalos.

Buffalo attack scenes: a. bull attack scene, circular button seal, Mehrgarh (MR-17); b. buffalo attack scene, Mohenjo-daro (M-312); c. buffalo attack or bull-leaping scene, Banawali (after UMESAO 2000:88, cat. no. 335)

ṭhaṭera 'buffalo horns'. Rebus: ṭhaṭerā 'brass worker'

rāngo ‘water buffalo bull’ (Ku.N.)(CDIAL 10559)

Rebus: rango ‘pewter’. ranga, rang pewter is an alloy of tin, lead, and antimony (anjana) (Santali).

dolutsu 'tumble' Rebus: dul 'cast metal'

मुष्टिकः muṣṭikaḥ [मुष्टिर्मोषणं प्रयोजनमस्य कन्] 1 A goldsmith. -2 A particular position of the hands. -3 N. of a demon. -कम् A pugilistic encounter, fisticuffs. -काः (pl.) N. of an outcast race (the Dombas); श्वमांसनियताहारा मुष्टिका नाम निर्वृणाः Rām.1.59.19. -Comp. -अन्तकः an epithet of Balarāma. -घ्नः N. of Viṣṇu. -स्वस्तिकः a particular position of the hands in dancing. (Apte)

முட்டு¹-தல் muṭṭu- , 5 v. tr. [K. muṭṭu.] 1. To dash against, butt; to hit against; மோது தல். துள்ளித்தூண் முட்டுமாங்கீழ் (நாலடி, 64). 2. To oppose, hinder; தடுத்தல். 3. To assault, attack; எதிர்த்தல். முட்டு² muṭṭu , n. < முட்டு-. [T. K. M. Tu. muṭṭu.] 1. Battering, butting; விலங்கு முதலியன கொம்புமுதலியவற்றால் தாக்குகை.(Tamil) ମୁଣ୍ଡାଇବା— Muṇḍāibā, ମୁଣ୍ଡେଇବା— Muṇḍeibā To strike by butting the head (Oriya)

முட்டு² muṭṭu , n. < முட்டு-. [T. K. M. Tu. muṭṭu.] Hindrance, obstacle, impediment; தடை. முட்டுவயிற் கழறல் (தொல். பொ. 271). பன் முட்டின்றாற் றோழி நங்கள வே (அகநா. 122). Ta. muṭṭu (muṭṭi-) to hinder, be hindered, prevented; n. hindrance, obstacle, impediment, difficulty as in passing, prop, support; muṭakku (muṭakki-) to prevent, hinder; n. hindrance, delay; muṭakkam restraint, hindrance; muṭukkaṭi hindrance, objection, thwarting, straits, difficulties; muṭaṅku (muṭaṅki-) to be hindered, frustrated. Ma. muṭṭu impediment, stoppage; muṭṭuka to be hindered, stopped; muṭṭikka to stop, hinder, block up; muṭaṅṅuka to be hindered, obstructed; muṭakkam hindrance, stop, suspension; muṭakku prohibition, suspension; muṭakkuka to stop, impede, arrest, forbid. Ka. muṭṭu impediment, hindrance, stoppage; prop, stay. Go. (Tr.) mūṛānā to be blocked, of a bamboo or gunbarrel; (A.) mur- to be blocked up; muh- to block up; (SR.) muhānā to plug; (Ph.) muhtānā to block up with earth (Voc. 2895, 2935). Br. mūṛk stopper, bung; mūṛk tining to stop up.(DEDR 4933)

முட்டு² muṭṭu , n. < முட்டு-. [T. K. M. Tu. muṭṭu.] Tool, instrument; கருவி. கொற்றரு மிருப்பு முட்டு (திருவாலவா. 45, 8). 9. Sundry things; சில்லறைப் பொருள்கள். கட்டினேம் முட்டுக்களை (புறநா. 206, உரை).(Tamil) ମୁଣ୍ଡାଇବା— Muṇḍāibā ମୁଣ୍ଡେଇବା— Muṇḍeibā To strike by butting the head. (Oriya) Ta. muṭṭikai jeweller's small hammer; Ma. muṭṭi hammer;Ko. muṭ- (muc-) to meet, harm; miṭk small hammer.Pa. muṭṭ- to hammer; muṭka blow with fist. (DEDR 4932)

mudraṇa n. ʻ act of sealing up ʼ Vcar. [mudrāˊ -- ]Bi. mũdan ʻ plug for hole in granary ʼ.(CDIAL 10201) mudrayati ʻ seals ʼ Hariv. [mudrāˊ -- ]Pk. muddēi ʻ seals, closes ʼ; S. muṇḍraṇu ʻ to seal ʼ; P. mundṇā ʻ to seal, stop a hole ʼ, ḍog. mundarnã̄ ʻ to fill up a hole ʼ; WPah.bhal. muḍḷāṇū ʻ to castrate ʼ; A. mudiba ʻ to close (e.g. the eyes) ʼ, B. modā, Or. mudibā, Mth. mūnab, H. mūdnā, mū̃dnā (whence intr. mũdnā ʻ to be closed ʼ), M. mũdṇẽ, mũdhṇẽ.Addenda: mudrayati: A. also ʻ to seal ʼ AFD 208. (CDIAL 10202)mudrāˊ f. ʻ seal, signet -- ring ʼ MBh. [Prob. ← Ir. EWA ii 654]Pa. muddā -- f. ʻ seal, stamp ʼ, muddikā -- f. ʻ signetring ʼ; NiDoc. mu(ṁ)dra, mutra ʻ seal ʼ; Pk. muddā -- , ˚diā -- f., ˚daya -- m. ʻ seal, ring ʼ; S. muṇḍra f. ʻ seal ʼ, ˚rī f. ʻ finger -- ring with seal ʼ; L. mundrī f. ʻ ring ʼ; P. mundar m. ʻ earring ʼ, mundī f. ʻ ring ʼ; Ku. munṛo ʻ earring ʼ, gng. mun*lṛ ʻ ring ʼ, N. mun(d)ro, MB. mudaṛī; Or. muda ʻ seal ʼ, mudi ʻ ring ʼ, mudā ʻ act of sealing ʼ; Bi. mū̃drī ʻ iron ring fastening blade of scraper ʼ; G. mū̃drī f. ʻ ring ʼ, M. mudī f., Ko. muddi; Si. mudda < muduva, st. mudu -- ʻ seal, ring ʼ; Md. mudi ʻ ring ʼ.(CDIAL 10203) mudrākara m. ʻ maker of seals ʼ MW. [mudrāˊ -- , kará -- 1]Si muduvarayā ʻ goldsmith ʼ.(CDIAL 10204)

Te. ḍollu to fall; ḍolligillu to fall or tumble over; ḍullu to fall off; ḍul(u)cu, (K. also) ḍulupu to cause to fall; ? ūḍu to fall off, come off, drop, give way, fail. Kol. ḍol- (ḍolt-) to lie down, be felled(DEDR 2988)

Ta. muṭṭu (muṭṭi-) to dash against, butt, oppose, meet, assault, attack, fight; n. battering, butting; muṭṭikai jeweller's small hammer. Ma. muṭṭu knocking, tapping, butting, dunning; muṭṭuka to dash against, knock, tap, butt, strike as a bell or clock; muṭṭikka to press, harass, make to hit, knock, dash, etc.; muṭṭi hammer. Ko. muṭ- (muc-) to meet, harm; miṭk small hammer. To. -milmuṭy (to quarrel) about (for -mil, see 5086); ? muṭ- (muṭy-) to outstrip. Ka. moṭṭu to rap the head (of another) with the knuckles of the fist; n. a rap with the knuckles of the fist. Koḍ. muṭṭ- (muṭṭi-) to bump against. Te. moṭṭu to give a blow or stroke with the knuckles, esp. on the head, give a blow or knock on one hard body with another that is smaller; moṭṭu, moṭṭukāya a knock with the knuckles, a blow on a hard body with one that is smaller. Pa. muṭṭ- to hammer; muṭka blow with fist. Ga. (P.) muṭa fist. Go. (Mu.) muṭ, (Ko.) muṭiya hammer; (Mu.) muṭka a blow (Voc. 2874). Pe. muṭla hammer. Manḍ. muṭla id.

Kuwi (Su.) muṭla id. Kur. muṭga'ānā to deal a heavy blow with the fist; muṭgā, muṭkā clenched hand or fist, hammering with the fist; muṭka'ānā to hit or hammer at with the fist. / Cf. Skt. muṭ- to crush, grind, break; Turner, CDIAL, no. 10186. (DEDR 4932) muṭáti ʻ *twists ʼ (ʻ kills, grinds ʼ Dhātup.) 2. mṓṭati (v.ll. mṓḍati, múṇṭati, múṇḍati) Dhātup., mōṭayati ʻ kills ʼ Mr̥cch., gala -- mōṭana -- n. ʻ strangling ʼ Śukas., aṅguli -- mōṭana -- n. ʻ snapping of fingers ʼ lex. 3. *mōṭyatē ʻ is twisted ʼ. 4. *muruṭati, *murōṭati.

[Cf. mūˊta -- m.n. ʻ woven basket ʼ TBr., mū˘ṭa -- , mōṭa -- 1, mūtōḍī (Pa. mū˘tōḷī -- , v.l. mū˘ṭōlī -- with which compare *murōṭati above) ʻ basket, bundle ʼ BHSk. ← Drav. (Tam. muṭai ʻ to plait, braid ʼ DED 4036, mūṭai ʻ bundle ʼ DED 4134 prob. unconnected with muṭai). Partly (cf. galamōṭana -- ) collides with muṭáti ʻ ākṣēpē, pramardanē ʼ Dhātup.← Drav. (Tam. muṭṭu ʻ to dash against ʼ DED 4041) and poss. infl. by √mr̥d (see múṇṭati). Cf. also *mōṭa -- 2 ʻ wicker stool ʼ (J. C. W.). -- √muṭ]1. S. muṛaṇu intr. ʻ to turn, bend, yield ʼ; L. muṛaṇ intr. ʻ to turn back ʼ; P. muṛṇā ʻ to be twisted ʼ; WPah. bhad. muṛã̄ ʻ frown ʼ, marm. muṛi < *muṭita -- ; B. muṛā ʻ to twist ʼ; OAw. muraï ʻ is twisted, is bent ʼ; H. muṛnā ʻ to be twisted, be bent, be turned ʼ. -- Si. muḷa, mulla ʻ corner, angle ʼ?2. Pk. mōḍaï ʻ twists, breaks ʼ, mōḍaṇa -- n.; K. mūrun (vill. mūṛun) ʻ to twist (thread between fingers), wrench away ʼ, nakh mōrun ʻ to wrench the shoulder ʼ, ḍoḍ. mōṛṇō ʻ to turn ʼ; S. moṛaṇu tr. ʻ to twist, wrench, bend ʼ; L. moṛaṇ ʻ to twist, turn ʼ, moṛ m. ʻ a turn ʼ; P. moṛ m. ʻ turn in a road ʼ; N. mornu ʻ to bend, fold ʼ (moṛnu ← W?); B. moṛā ʻ to twist ʼ, moṛ ʻ a twist ʼ, Or. moṛibā; Mth. morab, moṛab ʻ to twist, turn ʼ, mõr ʻ bend in road or stream ʼ; OAw. moraï ʻ twists, bends ʼ, H. moṛnā, G. moṛvũ; M. moḍṇẽ tr. ʻ to break ʼ, intr. ʻ to bend under pressure ʼ; Ko. moḍtā ʻ breaks ʼ.3. S. moṭaṇu intr. ʻ to turn back ʼ.4. G. maraṛvũ ʻ to be contorted ʼ; -- Ku. maroṛṇo ʻ to contort ʼ.Addenda: muṭáti. 2. mṓṭati: WPah.kṭg. moṛnõ ʻ to turn, bend, return ʼ, mōṛ m. ʻ turn in a mountain path, turn in a hill slope from down to up ʼ.4. *muruṭati: Ko. marḍuytā ʻ kneads ʼ. (CDIAL 10186)

Dom man-1860 – Eastern Bengal

ଡୋମ୍ବ— Ḍomba ଡୋମ୍ବୋ— Ḍombo The Oriya language spoken by the Ḍamas in Vizagapatam Agency. ଡମ— Ḍama ଡମଣୀ, ଡମୁଣୀସ୍ତ୍ରୀ [synonym(s): ডোম,ডম डोम] ସଂ. ବି ପୁଂ. (ଡମ୍ ଧାତୁ=ଶବ୍ଦ କରିବା, ବାଦ୍ଯ ବଜାଇବା— କର୍ତ୍ତୃ. ଅ)— ଅସ୍ପୃଶ୍ଯ ଜାତିବିଶେଷ, (ଏମାନେ ଢୋଲ ବଜାନ୍ତି ଓ ବାଉଁଶପାତିଆରେ କୁଲା, ବାଉଁଶିଆ, ଇତ୍ୟାଦି ବୁଣନ୍ତି—The Dome caste; a low untouchable caste (who weave baskets of bamboo laths and also sound drums); a despised mixed caste (Apte) டொம்பர் ṭompar

n. [K. ḍombaru.] A wandering tribe of singers and rope-dancers. See தொம்பர். Colloq. டொம்பரவர் ṭomparavar , n. [K. ḍombara.] See டொம்பர். (W.) தொம்பன் tompaṉ , n. [K. dombam.] A person belonging to the tribe of tumblers, acrobats and pole-dancers; கழைக்கூத்தன். தொம்பர்போல லாகுகொண்டு

(இராமநா. உயுத். 88).தொம்பம் tompam , n. [K. dombam.] Pole-dancing;

கழைக்கூத்து. (யாழ். அக.) The Dom community in Odisha speak both the Odia language. They live as neighbours with the Dravidian-speaking Khond tribals. Doms speak the Khondi languages Kuvi, Kui as well as Odia There are around 706,000 Doms in Odisha ...The people are called Bericho, Dom, or Doma. They are musicians, The Dom identity developed out of their work as musicians. The Domba or Dom (Sanskrit ḍoma, dialectally also Dombo, Domra, Domaka, Dombar, Dombari and variants) are an ethnic group, or groups, scattered across India. In North India, the preferred self-designation is Dom.The form ḍomba is Prakrit, while ḍoma and ḍumba are encountered in Kashmiri Sanskrit texts Many are nomadic and peripatetic groups in Uttar Pradesh are said to be of Dom origin such as the Bangali, Bhantu, Bazigar, Habura, Kanjar, and Sansi. It could also be that term Dom is generically used to describe any peripatetic nomad, as all these groups mentioned are distinct and strictly endogamous. It is also believed that the Dom or Domi people of the Middle East, in addition to the Roma of Europe,(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domba) The Dombari and Kolhati, acrobats and tumblers of the local communities, learned the northern dance style readily and joined the entertainers.https://web.archive.org/web/20060317194852/http://www.yakshagana.com/re-jan03.htm

ḍōmba m. ʻ man of low caste living by singing and music ʼ Kathās., ḍōma -- m. lex., ḍōmbinī -- f. [Connected with Mu. words for ʻ drum ʼ PMWS 87, EWA i 464 with lit.]Pk. ḍoṁba -- , ḍuṁba -- , ḍoṁbilaya -- m.; Gy. eur. rom m. ʻ man, husband ʼ, romni f. ʻ woman, wife ʼ, SEeur. i̦om ʻ a Gypsy ʼ, pal. dōm ʻ a Nuri Gypsy ʼ, arm. as. (Boša) lom ʻ a Gypsy ʼ, pers. damini ʻ woman ʼ; Ḍ. ḍōm (pl. ˚ma) ʻ a Ḍom ʼ; Paš. ḍōmb ʻ barber ʼ; Kho. (Lor.) ḍom ʻ musician, bandsman ʼ; Sh. ḍom ʻ a Ḍom ʼ, K. ḍūmb, ḍūm m., ḍūmbiñ f.; S. ḍ̠ūmu m., ḍūmṛī f. ʻ caste of wandering musicians ʼ, L. ḍūm m., ḍūmṇī f., (Ju.) ḍ̠om m., ḍ̠omṇī, ḍomṛī f., mult. ḍōm m., ḍōmṇī f., awāṇ. naṭ -- ḍūm ʻ menials ʼ; P. ḍūm, ḍomrā m., ḍūmṇī f. ʻ strolling musician ʼ, ḍūmṇā m. ʻ a caste of basket -- makers ʼ; WPah. ḍum ʻ a very low -- caste blackskinned fellow ʼ; Ku. ḍūm m., ḍūmaṇ f. ʻ an aboriginal hill tribe ʼ; N. ḍum ʻ a low caste ʼ; A. ḍom m. ʻ fisherman ʼ, ḍumini f.; B. ḍom, ḍam m. ʻ a Ḍom ʼ, ḍumni f. (OB. ḍombī); Or. ḍoma m., ˚aṇī f., ḍuma, ˚aṇī, ḍamba, ḍama, ˚aṇī ʻ a low caste who weave baskets and sound drums ʼ; Bhoj. ḍōm ʻ a low caste of musicians ʼ, H. ḍomb, ḍom, ḍomṛā, ḍumār m., ḍomnī f., OMarw. ḍūma m., ḍūmaṛī f., M. ḍõb, ḍom m. -- Deriv. Gy. wel. romanō adj. (f. ˚nī) ʻ Gypsy ʼ romanō rai m. ʻ Gypsy gentleman ʼ, ˚nī čib f. ʻ Gypsy language ʼ.*ḍōmbakuṭaka -- , *ḍōmbadhāna -- .Addenda: ḍōmba -- : Gy.eur. rom m., romni f. esp. ʻ Gypsy man or woman ʼ; WPah.kṭg. ḍōm m. ʻ member of a low caste of musicians ʼ, ḍv̄m m.; Garh. ḍom ʻ an untouchable ʼ. *ḍōmbakuṭaka ʻ a Ḍom's hut ʼ. [ḍōmba -- , kuṭī -- ]*ḍōmbadhāna -- , or *ḍōmbādhāna -- , ʻ Ḍom settlement ʼ. [*ḍōmba -- , dhāˊna -- or ādhāˊna -- ]Ku. ḍumāṇo ʻ Ḍom settlement ʼ.Garh. ḍumāṇu ʻ part of a village where Ḍoms live ʼ.(CDIAL 5572)

m1406 Hieroglyphs: thread of three stands + drummer + tumblers. The drummers are also Domb.

Domb dhollu ‘Dhomb drummer’ (Western Pahari) dolutsu 'tumble' Rebus: dul ‘cast metal’

karaḍa 'double-drum' Rebus: karaḍa 'hard alloy'. An alternative reading is डमरु m. ( L. )a sacred drum, shaped like an hourglass, used by the god शिव and by Buddhist mendicant monks for a musical accompaniment in chanting (Monier-Williams): Its presumed root, ḍom, which is connected with drumming, is linked to damara and damaru, Sanskrit terms for "drum" and the Sanskrit verbal root डम् ḍam- 'to sound (as a drum)', perhaps a loan from Dravidian, e.g. Kannada ḍamāra 'a pair of kettle-drums', and Telugu ṭamaṭama 'a drum, tomtom'

dhAtu, dhAv 'strands of rope' Rebus: dhAtu 'mineral, metal, ore' Alternative reading: मेढा [mēḍhā] A twist or tangle arising in thread or cord' rebus: mēḍ 'iron' (Mu.Santali). Thus, the seal m1406 signifies the Domb as metal casters working with iron.

Mehrgarh. Terracotta circular button seal. (Shah, SGM & Parpola, A., 1991, Corpus of Indus Seals and Inscriptions 2: Collections in Pakistan, Helsinki: Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia, MR-17. A humped bull (water buffalo?) and abstract forms (one of which is like a human body) around the bull. The human body is tossed from the horns of the bovine.

Rebus readings of hieroglyphs: ‘1. arrow, 2. jag/notch, 3. buffalo, 4.acrobatics’:

Mokkhacika (m. or ˚ā f.) [see on attempt at etym. Morris in J.P.T.S. 1885, 49 who takes mokkha as fr. muc "tumbling"& cika="turning" fr. cak=cik. The word remains obscure, it must be a dialectical expression, distorted by popular analogy & taken perhaps from a designation of a place where these feats or toys had their origin. More probable than Morris' etym. is an analysis of the word (if it is Aryan) as mokkha= mokkha2, in meaning "head, top," so that it may mean "head over," top -- first"& we have to separate *mokkhac -- ika the ˚ika representing ˚iya "in the manner of, like"& -- ac being the adv. of direction as contained in Sk. prāñc=pra -- añc.] tumbling, turning somersaults, an acrobatic feat; in list of forbidden amusements at D i.6 (cp. DA i.86; samparivattaka -- kīḷanaŋ, i. e. playing with something that rolls along, continuously turning? The foll. sentence however seems to imply turning head over heels: "ākāse vā daṇḍaŋ gahetvā bhūmiyaŋ vā sīsaŋ ṭhapetvā heṭṭh -- upariya (so read!) -- bhāvena parivattana -- kīḷanaŋ"; i. e. trapeze -- performing. Cp. Dial.i.10 & Vin. Texts ii.184). The list re -- occurs at Vin ii.10 (˚āya: f.! kīḷanti); iii.180; M i.266≈and A v.203 (with important v. l. mokkhaṭika, which would imply mokkha& ending tiya, and not ˚cika at all. The Cy. on this passage expls as: daṇḍakaŋ gahetvā heṭṭh -- uppariya (sic. as DA i.86; correct to upariya?) -- bhāvena parivattana -- kīḷanaŋ). The word is found also at Vin i.275, where the boy of a Seṭṭhi in Bārāṇasī contracts injuries to his intestines by "mokkhacikāya kīḷanto," playing (with a) m. -- According to its use with kīḷati & in instr. mokkhacikena (Nd2 219) may be either a sort of game or an instrument (toy), with which children play.

mokkhacikāya kīḷanto, mokka 'tumbling' rebus: mukha 'copper''chief'

Impression of a steatite stamp seal (2300-1700 BCE) with a water-buffalo and acrobats. Buffalo attack or bull-leaping scene, Banawali (after UMESAO 2000:88, cat. no. 335). A figure is impaled on the horns of the buffalo; a woman acrobat wearing bangles on both arms and a long braid flowing from the head, leaps over the buffalo bull. The action narrative is presented in five frames of the acrobat getting tossed by the horns, jumping and falling down.Two Indus script glyphs are written in front of the buffalo. (ASI BNL 5683).

Rebus readings of hieroglyphs: ‘1. arrow, 2. jag/notch, 3. buffalo, 4.acrobatics’:

1. kaṇḍa ‘arrow’ (Skt.) H. kãḍerā m. ʻ a caste of bow -- and arrow -- makers (CDIAL 3024). Or. kāṇḍa, kã̄ṛ ʻstalk, arrow ʼ(CDIAL 3023). ayaskāṇḍa ‘a quantity of iron, excellent iron’ (Pāṇ.gaṇ)

2. खांडा [ khāṇḍā ] m A jag, notch, or indentation (as upon the edge of a tool or weapon). (Marathi) Rebus: khāṇḍā ‘tools, pots and pans, metal-ware’.

3. rāngo ‘water buffalo bull’ (Ku.N.)(CDIAL 10559)

Rebus: rango ‘pewter’. ranga, rang pewter is an alloy of tin, lead, and antimony (anjana) (Santali).

4. ḍullu to fall off; ḍollu to roll over (DEDR 2698) Te. ḍul(u)cu, ḍulupu to cause to fall; ḍollu to fall; ḍolligillu to fall or tumble over (DEDR 2988) డొలుచు [ḍolucu] or ḍoluṭsu. [Tel.] v. n. To tumble head over heels as dancing girls do (Telugu) Rebus 1: dul ‘to cast in a mould’; dul mẽṛhẽt, dul meṛeḍ, 'cast iron'; koṭe meṛeḍ ‘forged iron’ (Santali) Bshk. ḍōl ʻ brass pot (CDIAL 6583). Rebus 2: WPah. ḍhōˋḷ m. ʻstoneʼ, ḍhòḷṭɔ m. ʻbig stone or boulderʼ, ḍhòḷṭu ʻsmall id.ʼ Him.I 87(CDIAL 5536). Rebus: K. ḍula m. ʻ rolling stoneʼ(CDIAL 6582).

Sign 284Variants of Sign 284

Circumscript: four short strokes: gaṇḍā 'four' rebus: kaṇḍa 'fire-altar'. Sign 285 is a composite of hieroglyphs: Sign 267 four corners, four short linear strokes as circumscript. kaṇḍa kancu mũh khāṇḍā 'bell-metal ingot, implements (from) fire-altar'.

Sign 286Variants of Sign 286

āra kaṇḍa arka kancu mũh khāṇḍā 'fire-altar (for) brass, gold, moltencast copper, bell-metal ingot, implements.'

-- Decipherment of 12 seals found in Mohenjo-daro is kole.l 'smithy, forge''warehouse''temple'

Sign 342 is the most frequent sign of Indus Script Corpora; this hypertext of hieroglyphs reads rebus in Meluhha: bhāṭi kaṇḍa karaṇa sāla 'furnace equipment writers' workshop'.

Meluhha: bhāṭi kaṇḍa karaṇa sāla 'furnace equipment writers' workshop'.

Meluhha: bhāṭi kaṇḍa karaṇa sāla 'furnace equipment writers' workshop'.

ḍhaṁkaṇa 'lid' rebus dhakka 'excellent, bright, blazing metal article'

Decipherment of Narrative on Mohenjo-daro seal m478; Rtvij on Bactria vase uddhama उद्धम 'blows trumpet' rebus dhamaka 'blacksmith, bellows-blower'

Sign 328 in the following 46 signs of Indus Script Corpora (Mahadevan, ASI 1977 Concordance) does NOT show the 'rim' or 'projection handle'. This means, that Sign 328 is just a pot, a rimless pot, a pot without a handle.

bhāṭi kaṇḍa karaṇa sāla 'furnace equipment writers' workshop'. Thus, silver furnace equipment writers' workshop.

bhāṭi kaṇḍa karaṇa sāla 'furnace equipment writers' workshop'.

Signs 338 and 339 signify a platform: maṇḍa. ʻ thatched cover ʼ rather than ʻ raised platform ʼ (BHS ii 402)(Pali) Rebus: maṇḍā 'warehouse'

Sign 341 I submit that Sign 341 signifies a 'hoof' of a bovine. The rebus reading is: khuṭo ʻ leg, foot ʼ, °ṭī ʻ goat's leg ʼ Rebus: khōṭā 'alloy' (Marathi)

Signs 365, 366, 340 I submit that these signs are orthographic variants of one or more of the signs discussed above.

Addenda: bhāṇḍāgārika -: WPah.kṭg. bəḍhàri m. ʻ man in charge of treasure and stores of a temple ʼ, J. bhḍāri m.; Garh. bhãḍāri ʻ store -- keeper ʼ; Md. ban̆ḍēri ʻ treasurer ʼ.(CDIAL 9440 to 9443).

Itihāsa. Dholavira signboard proclamation of agasāle, arkaśāla 'goldsmith metal workshop' https://tinyurl.com/y3qx66gc

Sign 286Variants of Sign 286

Hieroglyph: Corner:

kaṇḍa arka (ara) eraka kancu mũh khāṇḍā 'fire-altar (for) gold, copper, brass, moltencast copper, bell-metal ingot, implements.'

gaṇḍā 'four' rebus: kaṇḍa 'fire-altar'. khaṇḍa 'implements' PLUS dula 'two' rebus: dul 'metalcasting' PLUS agasāla 'goldsmith workshop'. Thus, goldsmith workshop metalcast implements

Sign 284Variants of Sign 284

Circumscript: four short strokes: gaṇḍā 'four' rebus: kaṇḍa 'fire-altar'. Sign 285 is a composite of hieroglyphs: Sign 267 four corners, four short linear strokes as circumscript. kaṇḍa kancu mũh khāṇḍā 'bell-metal ingot, implements (from) fire-altar'.

Sign 286Variants of Sign 286

kaṇḍa āra eraka kancu mũh khāṇḍā 'fire-altar (for) brass, moltencast copper, bell-metal ingot, implements.'

Indus Script Cipher explains why a pair of spoked wheels is read rebus as arkaśāla 'goldsmith metal workshop'

Meluhha: bhāṭi kaṇḍa karaṇa sāla 'furnace equipment writers' workshop'.Sign 343 ligature: notch: खांडा khāṇḍā A jag, notch, or indentation (as upon the edge of a tool' Rebus:khaṇḍa 'implements'koḍa 'one' rebus: koḍ 'workshop'

Meluhha: bhāṭi kaṇḍa karaṇa sāla 'furnace equipment writers' workshop'.

Hypertexts (46) of basic sign 328 'rimless pot', products from kunda bhaṭṭhā bhāṇḍā 'fine gold furnace goods granary or treasury' https://tinyurl.com/yc9sbqfr

The Rivers of the Vedas, and How the Aryans Entered India

Meluhha: bhāṭi kaṇḍa karaṇa sāla 'furnace equipment writers' workshop'.Sign 343 ligature: notch: खांडा khāṇḍā A jag, notch, or indentation (as upon the edge of a tool' Rebus:khaṇḍa 'implements'
koḍa 'one' rebus: koḍ 'workshop'