Explains Indus Script hieroglyphs on Karen and Dongson Bronze Drums.I have posited 1) an Ancient Maritime Tin Route through Indian Ocean which linked the largest tin belt of the globe in Ancient Far East with Ancient Near East through ancient Meluhha; and 2) that over 8000 inscriptions of Indus Script are wealth-accounting ledgers, metalwork catalogues. It is significant that Indus Scrit hypertexts are used on Dong Son/Karen Bronze drums.
https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-tmQQ_-YoNzA/WVr-yq6D8fI/AAAAAAABHSU/6OMrig4CVy00ZRWXht0OGFS2RwKzQFgBwCLcBGAs/s1600/dongson.jpg This image shows Indus Script hypertexts of frog, peacock, elephant, tree on the bronze drum -- all of which signify metalwork catalogues reinforcing the Munda-Mon-Khmer links with shared vocabulary of the Tin-Bronze revolution..Salavo bronze drums. Hieroglyphs: frog, peacock, elephant, palm tree.
tALa 'palm' rebus: dhALa 'large ingot'.
maraka 'peacock' (Santali. Mu.) Rebus: मारक loha 'a kind of calcining metal' (Samskritam)
Skt. mūkaka- id. (DEDR 5023) Rebus: mū̃h ‘ingot’. Muha. The quantity of iron produced at one time in a native smelting furnace. (Santali) karibha 'trunk of elaphant' ibha 'elephant' rebus: karba 'iron' ib 'iron'. Hieroglyph: arka 'sun' Rebus: arka, eraka 'copper, gold, moltencast'. miṇḍāl ‘markhor’
(Tōrwālī) meḍho a ram, a sheep (Gujarati)(CDIAL 10120)
Rebus: mẽṛhẽt, meḍ ‘iron’ (Mu.Ho.)
maṇḍa (Sanskrit) OMarw. mīḍako m. ʻ frog ʼ, mīṁḍakī f. ʻ small frog ʼ, G. me_ḍak, meḍ°m., me_ḍkī, meḍ° f.; M. mẽḍūk -- mukh n. ʻ frog -- like face ʼ. 1. Pa. maṇḍūka -- m., °kī -- f. ʻ frog ʼ, Pk. maṁḍū˘ka -- , °ḍūa -- , °ḍuga -- m., (CDIAL 9746) Rebus: mẽṛhẽt, meḍ ‘iron’ (Mu.Ho.)
kaṅká m. ʻ heron ʼ VS. [← Drav. T. Burrow TPS 1945, 87; onomat. Mayrhofer EWA i 137. Drav. influence certain in o of M. and Si.: Tam. Kan. Mal. kokku ʻ crane ʼ, Tu. korṅgu, Tel. koṅga, Kuvi koṅgi, Kui kohko] Pa. kaṅka -- m. ʻ heron ʼ, Pk. kaṁka -- m., S. kaṅgu m. ʻ crane, heron ʼ (→ Bal. kang); B. kã̄k ʻ heron ʼ, Or. kāṅka; G. kã̄kṛũ n. ʻ a partic. ravenous bird ʼ; -- with o from Drav.: M. kõkā m. ʻ heron ʼ; Si. kokā, pl. kokku ʻ various kinds of crane or heron ʼ, kekī ʻ female crane ʼ, kēki ʻ a species of crane, the paddy bird ʼ (ē?).(CDIAL 2595) Ta. kokku common crane, Grus cinerea; stork, paddy bird; kuruku heron, stork, crane, bird, gallinaceous fowl, aṉṟil bird. Ma. kokku, kokkan, kocca, kuriyan paddy bird, heron; kuru heron. To.košk heron. Ka. kokku, kokkare crane; kukku heron, crane. Tu. korṅgu crane, stork. Te. koṅga, kokkera, kokkarāyi crane; pegguru, begguru (< peru-kuru) adjutant crane. Kol. (Kin.) koŋga crane. Pa.kokkal (pl. kokkacil) id. Ga. (S) kokkāle (pl. kokkāsil) heron; (S.2 ) koŋalin (pl. koŋasil), (S.3 ) kokalin crane. Go. (L.) koruku id. (Voc. 921); (Mu.) kokoḍal heron, duck (Voc. 870); (Ma. Ko.) koŋga crane (Voc. 874). Kui kohko paddy bird. Kuwi (S.) kongi (Ṭ.) kokoṛa crane. Br. xāxūr demoiselle crane. / Cf. Skt. kaṅka- heron; Turner, CDIAL, no. 2595.(DEDR 2125) కొంగ (p. 0313) [ koṅga ] konga. [Tel.] n. A bird of the heron or stork kind. బకము (Telugu) Rebus: kang 'brazier' (Kashmiri) ![]()
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maṇḍa (Sanskrit) OMarw. mīḍako m. ʻ frog ʼ, mīṁḍakī f. ʻ small frog ʼ,
G. me_ḍak, meḍ°m., me_ḍkī, meḍ° f.; M. mẽḍūk -- mukh n. ʻ frog -- like face ʼ. 1. Pa. maṇḍūka -- m., °kī -- f. ʻ frog ʼ, Pk. maṁḍū˘ka -- , °ḍūa -- , °ḍuga -- m., (CDIAL 9746) Rebus: mẽṛhẽt, meḍ ‘iron’
(Mu.Ho.)

See:
Counting the paternal founders of Austroasiatic speakers associated with the language dispersal in South Asia

Prajjval Pratap Singh, Shani Vishwakarma, View ORCID ProfileGazi Nurun Nahar Sultana, Arno Pilvar, Monika Karmin, Siiri Rootsi, View ORCID ProfileRichard Villems Sr., View ORCID ProfileMait Metspalu, View ORCID ProfileDoron Behar, View ORCID ProfileToomas Kivisild, View ORCID ProfileGeorge van Driem, View ORCID ProfileGyaneshwer Chaubey Sr.
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/843672
Abstract
The phylogenetic analysis of Y chromosomal haplogroup O2a-M95 was crucial to determine the nested structure of South Asian branches within the larger tree, predominantly present in East and Southeast Asia. However, it had previously been unclear how many founders brought the haplogroup O2a-M95 to South Asia. On the basis of the updated Y chromosomal tree for haplogroup O2a-M95, we analysed 1,437 male samples from South Asia for various downstream markers, carefully selected from the extant phylogenetic tree. With this increased resolution, we were able to identify at least three founders downstream to haplogroup O2a-M95 who are likely to have been associated with the dispersal of Austroasiatic languages to South Asia. The fourth founder was exclusively present amongst Tibeto-Burman speakers of Manipur and Bangladesh. In sum, our new results suggest the arrival of Austroasiatic languages in South Asia during last five thousand years.
This article is a preprint and has not been certified by peer review [what does this mean?].