This monograph provides Indus Script evidence to firmly anchor spoked wheel hieroglyph as arka cognate څرخ ṯs̱arḵẖ 'potter's wheel' (Pashto) rebus: gold, copper.

Field Symbol 3 (ASI 1977, Mahadevan Concordance)

Dholavira signboard on अर्क शाल 'goldsmith workshop' and Mehrgarh spoked copper alloy wheel proclaim akṣaracaṇa 'scribe' the metallurgical competence of artisans to engrave on metal https://tinyurl.com/y6fp3zkq

څرخ ṯs̱arḵẖ, s.m. (2nd) A wheel (particularly a potter's, or of a water-mill or well). 2. A grindstone. 3. Circular motion, turn, revolution, the act of turning. 4. Fortune, chance. 5. The heavens, the sphere, the celestial globe. 6. A kind of hawk or falcon, an eagle. 7. A stab, a puncture, a prick, a wound produced by a spear, an arrow, or the like. Pl. څرخرنه ṯs̱arḵẖ-ūnah; 8. adj. Punctured, pricked, pierced, stabbed; (Fem.) څرکه ṯs̱arkaʿh. څرخیدل ṯs̱arḵẖedal, verb intrans. To revolve, to turn round, to wheel. 2. To dance. Pres. څرخبږي ṯs̱arḵẖej̱ẕī (W.) or څرخیګي ṯs̱arḵẖegī (E.); past ؤ څرخیده wu-ṯs̱arḵẖedah or ؤ څرخیدَ wu-ṯs̱arḵẖeda; fut. ؤ به څرخیږي wu bah ṯs̱arḵẖej̱ẕī or ؤ به څرخیګي wu bah ṯs̱arḵẖegī; imp. ؤ څرخیږه wu-ṯs̱arḵẖej̱ẕah or ؤ څرخیګه wu-ṯs̱arḵẖegah; act. part. څرخیدونکيَ ṯs̱arḵẖedūnkaey

or څرخیدونيَ ṯs̱arḵẖedūnaey; past part. څرخید ليَ ṯs̱arḵẖedalaey; verb. n. څرخیدنه ṯs̱arḵẖedanaʿh. څرخول ṯs̱arḵẖawul, verb trans. To turn, to make revolve, to wheel round. 2. To sharpen. Pres. څرخوي ṯs̱arḵẖawī; past ؤ څرخاوه wu-ṯs̱arḵẖāwuh or ؤ څرخاوو wu-ṯs̱arḵẖāwo; fut. ؤ به څرخوي wu bah ṯs̱arḵẖawī; imp. ؤ څرخوه wu-ṯs̱arḵẖawah; act. part. څرخوونکيَ ṯs̱arḵẖawūnkaey or څرخوونيَ

ṯs̱arḵẖawūnaey; past part. څرخوليَ ṯs̱arḵẖawulaey; verb. n. څرخونه ṯs̱arḵẖawunaʿh. (P چرخ). څرخ کول ṯs̱arḵẖ kawul, verb trans. To pierce, to stab, to puncture. څرخ کیدل ṯs̱arḵẖ kedal, verb intrans. To enter (as a pointed instrument), to penetrate, to stab, to pierce. څرخه ṯs̱arḵẖaʿh, s.f. (3rd) A spinning-wheel, a large reel. Pl. يْ ey. (P چرخه).

It is significant that this hieroglyp of spoked-wheel appears four times on Dholavira Signboard which is a proclamation of goldsmith, metalsmith worskhop. Duplication of spoked-wheel on Dholavira Sign proclamation is dula'pair' rebus: dul'metal casting'; thus, gold, copper metalcasting.

.For a full rebus reading, see:

Dholavira signboard proclamation of metalwork competence of artisans

https://www.academia.edu/40407124/Dholavira_signboard_proclamation_of_metalwork_competence_of_artisans

Dholavira Indus Script signboard proclamation: brass, hard metal, copper (metal) engraver; bright blazing bronze ingots, metalware; metalcasting brass, minerals
http://bharatkalyan97.blogspot.com/2018/03/dholavira-indus-script-signboard.html

Potter's spoked wheel ligatured to the throat of 'unicorn' or 'spiny-horned young bull' on a Mohenjo-daro seal (FS 3,Mahadevan concordance). The rebus reading of the text message including the spoked wheel hieroglyph is:kanac 'corner' rebus:kancu 'bell-metal' PLUS agasala 'goldsmith workshop' (sal 'splinter' rebus: sal 'workshop') PLUS kolom 'three' rebus: kolimi 'smithy, forge' PLUS kolmo 'rice plant' rebus: kole.l 'smithy, forge, temple'.

arká1 m. ʻ flash, ray, sun ʼ RV. [√arc]Pa. Pk. akka -- m. ʻ sun ʼ, Mth. āk; Si. aka ʻ lightning ʼ, inscr. vid -- äki ʻ lightning flash ʼ.(CDIAL 624)*arkavarta ʻ a sort of ornament ʼ. [Cf. arkapuṭikā -- f. ʻ a silver ornament consisting of a round disk like the sun ʼ lex.: arká -- 1, *varta -- 3]

G. akɔṭī f. ʻ earring ʼ.(CDIAL 628)

Throat: Dm. argali ʻ throat ʼ, Gaw. hargal; Paš. orgól ʻ jaw (CDIAL 629).

The spoked wheel -- arka --څرخ ṯs̱arḵẖ 'potter'swheel' -- is shown on the throat of the 'spiny-horned young bull' as a semantic determinative, because the throat is signified by a similar sounding word: Dm. argali ʻ throat ʼ, Gaw. hargal; Paš. orgól ʻ jaw'. This seal thus reinforces the rebus reading of the spoked wheel as

څرخه ṯs̱arḵẖaʿh 'potter's wheel', arka 'sun' rebus: arka 'gold, copper'.

It is possible that the potter's spoked wheel pre-dates the spoked wheel of a cart or chariot. The presence of cire perdue copper alloy spoked wheel shapes of a very early date ca. 4h or 5th m. BCE (called amulets by British Museum and Indus Script hypertexts by me) is also an indicator that the shape was adopted as a hieroglyph/hypertext on Indus Script inscriptions. I am speculating on the chronology of the evolution of early writing systems. See also the spoked wheels on artifact from Bhirrana which dates from 7th m BCE.

One-horned young bull hypertext/hyperimage signifies a goldsmith, lapidary: कोंद kōnda ‘young bull' कोंद kōnda ‘engraver, turner'. कुलालादिकन्दुः f. a kiln; a potter's kiln; kō̃da कोँद 'potter's kiln' (Kashmiri) Thus, an iron turner (in smithy/forge).Ta. kuntaṉam interspace for setting gems in a jewel; fine gold (< Te.). Ka. kundaṇa setting a precious stone in fine gold; fine gold; kundana fine gold. Tu. kundaṇa pure gold. Te. kundanamu fine gold used in very thin foils in setting precious stones; setting precious stones with fine gold. (DEDR 1725)

Go to "Symbolography in Indus Seals" page

Symbolography in Indus Seals (Kindle Edition) (2017)

by Rekha Rao

A seal explained by Rekha Rao:

The sign, if identified as falcon, may signify thunderbolt-maker: آهن ګر āhan gar, s.m. (5th) A smith, a blacksmith, thunderbolt-maker.(Assuming a variant sēṇa 'falcon' as a signifier of aśáni 'thunderbolt' Cognate ahan 'iron' (Pashto)

Thus,the textmessageon the sealmay be read rebus:

Hieroglyph 1: arka 'gold, copper'PLUS

Hieroglyph 2: kaṇḍa arka (ara) eraka kancu mũh khāṇḍā 'fire-altar (for) gold, copper, brass, moltencast copper, bell-metal ingot, implements.'PLUS

Hieroglyph 3:dhalako khanda 'ingots and equipment' PLUS

Hieroglyph4: ayo kammaTa 'alloy metal mint' OR, آهن ګر āhan gar, s.m. (5th) A smith, a blacksmith.or Thunderbolt-maker smith. PLUS

Field-symbol hypertext:khonda singi 'spiny-horned young bull' rebus; konda 'fire-altar' PLUS singi 'ornament gold' PLUS kunda 'lather' rebus: kundan 'fine gold' PLUS kammaTa 'portable furnace' rebus: kammTa 'mint' PLUS sangada 'joined parts' rebus:jangadiyo 'guard accompanying treasure'.PLUS

Hieroglyphs: Dotted circles: dha 'strand' PLUS vaTTa 'circle' rebus: धावड dhāvaḍa m A class or an individual of it. They are smelters of iron. In these parts they are Muhammadans.धावडी dhāvaḍī a Relating to the class धावड. Hence 2 Composed of or relating to iron.

aśáni f. ʻ thunderbolt ʼ RV., ˚nī -- f. ŚBr. [Cf. áśan -- m. ʻ sling -- stone ʼ RV.]

Pa. asanī -- f. ʻ thunderbolt, lightning ʼ, asana -- n. ʻ stone ʼ; Pk. asaṇi -- m.f. ʻ thunderbolt ʼ; Ash. ašĩˊ ʻ hail ʼ, Wg. ašē˜ˊ, Pr. īšĩ, Bashg. "azhir", Dm. ašin, Paš. ášen, Shum. äˊšin, Gaw. išín, Bshk. ašun, Savi išin, Phal. ã̄šun, L. (Jukes) ahin, awāṇ. &circmacrepsilon; (both with n, not ṇ), P. āhiṇ, f., āhaṇ, aihaṇ m.f., WPah. bhad. ã̄ṇ, bhal. ´tildemacrepsilon; f., N. asino, pl. ˚nā; Si. sena, heṇa ʻ thunderbolt ʼ Geiger GS 34, but the expected form would be *ā̤n; -- Sh. aĩyĕˊr f. ʻ hail ʼ (X ?). -- For ʻ stone ʼ > ʻ hailstone ʼ cf. upala -- and A. xil s.v. śilāˊ -- .(CDIAL 910)

If the first sign on the left is a s'yenacit, the reading is: śyēná m. ʻ hawk, falcon, eagle ʼ RV.Pa. sēna -- , ˚aka -- m. ʻ hawk ʼ, Pk. sēṇa -- m.; WPah.bhad. śeṇ ʻ kite ʼ; A. xen ʻ falcon, hawk ʼ, Or. seṇā, H. sen, sẽ m., M. śen m., śenī f. (< MIA. *senna -- ); Si. sen ʻ falcon, eagle, kite ʼ.(CDIAL 12674) rebus: ahan 'iron' aśani 'thunderbolt; آهن ګر āhan gar, s.m. (5th) A smith, a blacksmith. P آهن āhan, s.m. (9th) Iron. Sing. and Pl. آهن ګر āhan gar, s.m. (5th) A smith, a blacksmith. Pl. آهن ګران āhan-garān. آهن ربا āhan-rubā, s.f. (6th) The magnet or loadstone. (E.) Sing. and Pl.); (W.) Pl. آهن رباوي āhan-rubāwī. See اوسپنه.

څرخ ṯs̱arḵẖ A kind of hawk or falcon, an eagle.(Pashto) rebus: arka 'gold, copper';eraka 'metal infusion'(for casting)

dhal 'slanted' rebus: dhalako 'large metal ingot' PLUS खांडा [ khāṇḍā ] m A jag, notch, or indentation (as upon the edge of a tool or weapon). (Marathi) Rebus: khāṇḍā 'tools, pots and pans' .Thus, ingots and equipment.

Four corners: Four fire-altars:

kōṇṭu angle, corner, crook. Nk. kōnṭa corner (DEDR 2054b) G. khū̃ṭṛī ʻangleʼ Rebus: kõdā 'to turn in a lathe'(B.) कोंद kōnda 'engraver, lapidary setting or infixing gems' (Marathi) konda 'fire-altar, furnace'

kana, kanac 'corner' (Santali); kañcu 'bronze' (Telugu) kan- 'copper work' (Tamil).

Sign 391 Spoked wheel څرخ ṯs̱arḵẖ 'potter'swheel' rebus: arka'gold,copper'

Rhombus-shape or oval-shape: The array of variants fromSign 270 to Sign 286) make this shape the most vivid signifier of ingot with various attributes of metallurgical description ligatured to the basic shape of the hieroglyph which is either a rhombus or oval or bun-shaped ingot:

Sign 286Variants of Sign 286

I submit that Sign 286 signifies కంసర 'smithery', working with bell-metal, bronze, gold, copper, eraka 'metal infusion' casting of metal equipment

gaNDA 'four'rebus: kaNDa 'equipment';thus, four corners. khɔ̃c f. ʻ corner rebus:kancu 'bell-metal, bronze'

Sign 286 is a composite of Sign 284 four marked corners of rhombus infixed with spoked wheel. The reaiding of hypertext of Sign 286 is a comprehensive catalogue of metalwork:

Hieroglyph: Corner:

(Santali)

G. khɔ̃c f. ʻcornerʼ;.*khōñcā ʻ curve, bend ʼ. [< *skuc -- beside √kuc?]P. khū̃j f., ˚jā m. ʻ corner ʼ, N. khõj, khõc, khū̃j ʻ glen, ravine, depression between two hills ʼ; H. khū̃c f. ʻ tendon Achilles ʼ; (CDIAL 3930)

Rebus:కంసాలి or కంసాలవాడు kamsāli. [Tel.] n. A goldsmith or silversmith. కంసము kamsamu [Skt.] n. Bell metal.కంచు. కంసర or కంసలల kamsara. [Tel.] n. Smithery; working in gold: adj. Of the goldsmith caste. కంసలది a woman of that caste. కంసలపని the business of a gold-smith.

Rebus: Bronze, bell-metal 2987 kāˊṁsya ʻ made of bell -- metal ʼ KātyŚr., n. ʻ bell -- metal ʼ Yājñ., ʻ cup of bell -- metal ʼ MBh., ˚aka -- n. ʻ bell -- metal ʼ. 2. *kāṁsiya -- . [kaṁsá -- 1]1. Pa. kaṁsa -- m. (?) ʻ bronze ʼ, Pk. kaṁsa -- , kāsa -- n. ʻ bell -- metal, drinking vessel, cymbal ʼ; L. (Jukes) kã̄jā adj. ʻ of metal ʼ, awāṇ. kāsā ʻ jar ʼ (← E with -- s -- , not ñj); N. kã̄so ʻ bronze, pewter, white metal ʼ, kas -- kuṭ ʻ metal alloy ʼ; A. kã̄h ʻ bell -- metal ʼ, B. kã̄sā, Or. kãsā, Bi. kã̄sā; Bhoj. kã̄s ʻ bell -- metal ʼ, kã̄sā ʻ base metal ʼ; H. kās, kã̄sā m. ʻ bell -- metal ʼ, G. kã̄sũ n., M. kã̄sẽ n.; Ko. kã̄śẽ n. ʻ bronze ʼ; Si. kasa ʻ bell -- metal ʼ.2. L. kã̄ihã̄ m. ʻ bell -- metal ʼ, P. kã̄ssī, kã̄sī f., H. kã̄sī f.*kāṁsyakara -- , kāṁsyakāra -- , *kāṁsyakuṇḍikā -- , kāṁsyatāla -- , *kāṁsyabhāṇḍa -- .

Addenda: kāˊṁsya -- : A. kã̄h also ʻ gong ʼ, or < kaṁsá -- . 2988 *kāṁsyakara ʻ worker in bell -- metal ʼ. [See next: kāˊṁsya -- , kará -- 1]L. awāṇ. kasērā ʻ metal worker ʼ, P. kaserā m. ʻ worker in pewter ʼ (both ← E with -- s -- ); N. kasero ʻ maker of brass pots ʼ; Bi. H. kaserā m. ʻ worker in pewter ʼ. 2989 kāṁsyakāra m. ʻ worker in bell -- metal or brass ʼ Yājñ. com., kaṁsakāra -- m. BrahmavP. [kāˊṁsya -- , kāra -- 1]N. kasār ʻ maker of brass pots ʼ; A. kãhār ʻ worker in bell -- metal ʼ; B. kã̄sāri ʻ pewterer, brazier, coppersmith ʼ, Or. kãsārī; H. kasārī m. ʻ maker of brass pots ʼ; G. kãsārɔ, kas˚ m. ʻ coppersmith ʼ; M. kã̄sār, kās˚ m. ʻ worker in white metal ʼ, kāsārḍā m. ʻ contemptuous term for the same ʼ. 2990 *kāṁsyakuṇḍikā ʻ bell -- metal pot ʼ. [kāˊṁsya -- , kuṇḍa -- 1]N. kasaũṛi ʻ cooking pot ʼ. 2991 kāṁsyatāla m. ʻ cymbal ʼ Rājat. [kāˊṁsya -- , tāla -- 1]

Pa. kaṁsatāla -- m. ʻ gong ʼ; Pk. kaṁsālā -- , ˚liyā -- f. ʻ cymbal ʼ, OB. kaśālā, Or. kãsāḷa; G. kã̄sāḷũ n. ʻ large bell -- metal cymbals ʼ with ã̄ after kã̄sũ ʻ bell -- metal ʼ; M. kã̄sāḷ f. ʻ large cymbal ʼ; -- Si. kastalaya ʻ metal gong ʼ (EGS 40) is Si. cmpd. or more prob. ← Pa.

2992 *kāṁsyabhāṇḍa ʻ bell -- metal pot ʼ. [kāˊṁsya -- , bhāṇḍa -- 1]Pa. kaṁsabhaṇḍa -- n. ʻ brass ware ʼ; M. kāsã̄ḍī, ˚sãḍī f. ʻ metal vessel of a partic. kind ʼ.(CDIAL 2987 to 2992)

kárṇikā f. ʻ round protuberance ʼ Suśr., ʻ pericarp of a lotus ʼ MBh., ʻ ear -- ring ʼ Kathās. [kárṇa -- ]

Pa. kaṇṇikā -- f. ʻ ear ornament, pericarp of lotus, corner of upper story, sheaf in form of a pinnacle ʼ; Pk. kaṇṇiā -- f. ʻ corner, pericarp of lotus ʼ; Paš. kanīˊ ʻ corner ʼ; S. kanī f. ʻ border ʼ, L. P. kannī f. (→ H. kannī f.); WPah. bhal. kanni f. ʻ yarn used for the border of cloth in weaving ʼ; B. kāṇī ʻ ornamental swelling out in a vessel ʼ, Or. kānī ʻ corner of a cloth ʼ; H. kaniyã̄ f. ʻ lap ʼ; G. kānī f. ʻ border of a garment tucked up ʼ; M. kānī f. ʻ loop of a tie -- rope ʼ; Si. käni, kän ʻ sheaf in the form of a pinnacle, housetop ʼ.(CDIAL 2849) Rebus: kancu 'bronze,bellmetal'.

kaṇḍa arka (ara) eraka kancu mũh khāṇḍā 'fire-altar (for) gold, copper, brass, moltencast copper, bell-metal ingot, implements.'

Sign 286 variants

See also Sign 387 which is a ligature of oval-shapre of combined left-and-right-parentheses -- with infixed rice-plant hieroglyph. Sign 390 is a ligature of oval with infixed sprout with circumscript of four short linear strokes.

Sign 373 'oval/lozenge/rhombus' hieoglyph

Sign 373 has the shape of oval or lozenge is the shape of a bun ingot. mũhã̄ = the quantity of iron produced atone time in a native smelting furnace of the Kolhes; iron produced by the Kolhes and formed likea four-cornered piece a little pointed at each end; mūhā mẽṛhẽt = iron smelted by the Kolhes andformed into an equilateral lump a little pointed at each of four ends; kolhe tehen mẽṛhẽt komūhā akata = the Kolhes have to-day produced pig iron (Santali). Thus, Sign 373 signifies word, mũhã̄ 'bun ingot'. Thus, hypertext Sign 403 reads: dul mũhã̄ 'metalcast ingot'. Inclined stroke is a semantic determinant to signify ingot: ḍhāḷ = a slope; the inclination of a plane (G.) Rebus: : ḍhāḷako = a large metal ingot (G.). Thus, the Sign 407 hypertext reads: dul mũhã̄ ḍhāḷako metal casting large ingot.

Fish PLUS wings: ayo kammaTa 'alloy metal mint'

aya 'fish' rebus: ayas 'alloy metal' PLUS khamba 'wing' rebus:kammaTa 'mint' Thus, alloy metal mint.

aya 'fish' rebus: ayas 'alloy metal' PLUS dhal 'slanted' rebus: dhalako 'large metal ingot'.. Thus the Sign 59 with an infix of slant signifies large alloy metal ingot.

अयस् n. iron , metal RV. &c; an iron weapon (as an axe , &c ) RV. vi , 3 ,5 and 47 , 10; gold; steel L. ; ([cf. Lat. aes , aer-is for as-is ; Goth. ais , Thema aisa ; Old Germ. e7r , iron ; Goth. eisarn ; Mod. Germ. Eisen.])(Monier-Williams) áyas n. ʻ metal, iron ʼ RV.
Pa. ayō nom. sg. n. and m., aya -- n. ʻ iron ʼ, Pk. aya -- n., Si. ya.ayaścūrṇa -- , ayaskāṇḍa -- , *ayaskūṭa -- .Addenda: áyas -- : Md. da ʻ iron ʼ, dafat ʻ piece of iron ʼ.ayaskāṇḍa m.n. ʻ a quantity of iron, excellent iron ʼ Pāṇ. gaṇ. [áyas -- , kāˊṇḍa -- ]Si. yakaḍa ʻ iron ʼ.*ayaskūṭa ʻ iron hammer ʼ. [áyas -- , kūˊṭa -- 1]Pa. ayōkūṭa -- , ayak° m.; Si. yakuḷa ʻ sledge -- hammer ʼ, yavuḷa (< ayōkūṭa -- ).(CDIAL 590 to 592)

Sign 65 aya 'fish' rebus: ayas 'alloy metal' PLUS dhakka 'lid' rebus: dhakka 'bright, blasing'

ḍhaṁkaṇa 'lid' rebus dhakka 'excellent, bright, blazing metal article'

karNaka,kankha rim of pot' rebus:Karanaka 'helmsman' PLUS khonda singhin 'spiny-horned young bull' rebus: kunda singi 'fine gold, ornament gold' konda 'fire-alter' PLUS singi 'ornament gold PLUS sangada 'joined parts' rebus: jangadiyo 'guard accompanying treasure' PLUS kunda 'lathe' rebus: kundan 'fine gold' PLUS kammaTa portable furnace' rebus: kammaTa 'mint'.

barad, balad 'ox' rebusbharat (5 copper, 4 zinc and 1 tin)

(Punjabi) PLUS pattar 'feeding-trough' rebus:pattar 'goldsmith guild'

Text message:kuṭi 'curve; rebus: कुटिल kuṭila, katthīl (8 parts copper, 2 parts tin)

kuTi 'water-carrier' rebus: kuThi 'smelter

kuTharu 'warehouse'

kANDa 'water'rebus: kanda 'equipment'

kaṇḍa 'arrow' (Skt.) rebus: kaṇḍa 'equipment'

aya 'fish' rebus: ayas 'alloy metal'

aya 'fish' rebus: ayas 'alloy metal' PLUS khambhaṛā 'fish-fin' rebus: kammaTa 'mint'

aya 'fish' rebus: ayas 'alloy metal' PLUS खांडा [ khāṇḍā ] m A jag, notch, or indentation (as upon the edge of a tool or weapon). (Marathi) Rebus: khāṇḍā 'tools, pots and pans'

dula 'two' rebus: dul 'metal casting'

Field symbol: khonda singhin 'spiny-horned young bull' rebus: kunda singi 'fine gold, ornament gold' konda 'fire-alter' PLUS singi 'ornament gold PLUS sangada 'joined parts' rebus: jangadiyo 'guard accompanying treasure' PLUS kunda 'lathe' rebus: kundan 'fine gold' PLUS kammaTa portable furnace' rebus: kammaTa 'mint'.

barad, balad 'ox' rebusbharat (5 copper, 4 zinc and 1 tin)

(Punjabi) PLUS pattar 'feeding-trough' rebus:pattar 'goldsmith guild'

Sign 254

Orthography of two notches PLUS three horizontal lines: Sign 254 Two notches PLUS three horizontal lines: dula 'pair' rebus: dul 'metal casting' PLUS खांडा [ khāṇḍā ] m A jag, notch, or indentation (as upon the edge of a tool or weapon). (Marathi) rebus: khaṇḍa 'equipment' PLUS kolom 'three' rebus: kolimi 'smithy, forge'. Thus dul khaṇḍa kolimi 'cast equipment smithy, forge'

kAru 'pincer' rebus: kAru 'artisan' PLUS sal 'splinter' rebus: sal 'workshop'

Sign 180 Signs 180, 181 have variants. Warp-pegs kor.i = pegs in the ground in two rooms on which the thread is passed back and forth in preparing the warp (S.)Semantic determinant hypertext: Ka. gōṭu border or hem of a garment; fringe, edging, trimming. Tu. gōṭu embroidery, lace. Te. gō̃ṭu an ornamental appendage to the border of a cloth, fringe' Rebus 1: gota (laterite, ferrite ore) Rebus 2: goṭā 'gold-braid'.
Spider: kōlika m. ʻ weaver ʼ Yaśast., kaulika -- Pañcat. [EWA i 273 ← *kōḍika -- (in Tam. kōṭikar ʻ weaver ʼ) ~ Mu. word for ʻ spider ʼ in Pk. mak -- kōḍā -- s.v. markaṭa -- ]Pk. kōlia -- m. ʻ weaver, spider ʼ; S. korī m. ʻ weaver ʼ, koriaṛo m. ʻ spider ʼ; Ku. koli ʻ weaver ʼ, Or. (Sambhalpur) kuli, H. kolī, kolhī m. ʻ Hindu weaver ʼ; G. koḷī m. ʻ a partic. Śūdra caste ʼ; M. koḷī m. ʻ a caste of watercarriers, a sort of spider ʼ; -- G. karoḷiyɔ, karāliyɔ m. ʻ spider ʼ is in form the same as karoḷiyɔ ʻ potter ʼ < kaulālá -- .(CDIAL 3535) Rebus: kol 'working in iron' kolhe 'smelter' kole.l 'smithy, forge, temple'.

सांगड sāṅgaḍa 'joined animal parts' rebus: sangarh 'fortification'; karibha, ibha 'elephant (trunk)' rebus; karba, ib 'iron' PLUS poLa 'zebu (horns)' rebus: poLa 'magnetite, ferrite ore' PLUS panja 'feline paws' rebus: panja 'kiln'; kola 'tiger' rebus:kol 'working in iron'

Front legs: young bull: khonda singhin 'spiny-horned young bull' rebus: kunda singi 'fine gold, ornament gold' konda 'fire-alter' PLUS singi 'ornament gold PLUS sangada 'joined parts' rebus: jangadiyo 'guard accompanying treasure'
meDh twist' rebus: meD 'iron'
karNaka, kanka 'rim of jar' rebus: karNaka 'helmsman', karNika 'scribe, supercargo'

;

karibha, ibha 'elephant' rebus: karba, ib 'iron'

Four: gaNda 'four' rebus: kaNDa 'equipment' PLUS rhombus shape: khɔ̃c f. ʻcornerʼ rebus: kancu 'bell-metal' PLUS kuṭi 'curve; rebus: कुटिल kuṭila, katthīl (8 parts copper, 2 parts tin)

ranku 'liquid measure' rebus: ranku 'tin (ore)'

danga 'range' rebus: dhangar 'blacksmith

karNaka, kanka 'rim of jar' rebus: karNaka 'helmsman' karNika 'supercargo, scribe'.

karibha, ibha 'elephant' rebus: karba, ib 'iron'

kole.l 'temple' rebus; kole.l 'smithy, forge'

maid 'harrow' rebus:meD 'iron'

gaNDa 'four' rebus: kaNDa 'equipment' PLUS sal 'splinter' rebus: sal 'workshop'

kanac 'corner' rebus: kancu 'bell-metal'

aya 'fish' rebus: ayas 'alloy metal'

kolom 'three' rebus: kolimi 'smithy, forge'

muka 'ladle' rebus: muh 'ingot' PLUS baTa 'rimless bot' rebus: baTa 'iron' bhaTa 'furnace'

aya 'fish' rebus: ayas 'alloy metal' PLUS khambhaṛā 'fish-fin' rebus: kammaTa 'mint'

aya 'fish' rebus: ayas 'alloy metal'

dula 'two' rebus: dul 'metal casting'

Sign 402 'flag' hieroglyph.dhvajapaṭa m. ʻ flag ʼ Kāv. [dhvajá -- , paṭa -- ]Pk. dhayavaḍa -- m. ʻ flag ʼ, OG. dhayavaḍa m.(CDIAL 6899) Rebus: dhā̆vaḍ 'smelter' PLUS meḍ ‘body' Rebus: mẽṛhẽt, meḍ ‘iron’ (Mu.Ho.).Thus, iron smelter.

polaḍu 'black drongo' rebus: polaḍu 'steel'.

barad, balad 'ox' rebusbharat (5 copper, 4 zinc and 1 tin)

(Punjabi) PLUS pattar 'feeding-trough' rebus:pattar 'goldsmith guild'

meD 'body' rebus: meD 'iron'

karNaka 'rim of jar' rebus:karNaka 'helmsman'

taTTal 'five' rebus: 5491 *ṭhaṭṭha1 ʻ brass ʼ. [Onom. from noise of hammering brass? -- *ṭhaṭṭh -- ]

N. ṭhaṭṭar ʻ an alloy of copper and bell metal ʼ.*ṭhaṭṭhakara -- , *ṭhaṭṭhakāra -- .*ṭhaṭṭhakāra ʻ brass worker ʼ. 2. *ṭhaṭṭhakara -- . [*ṭhaṭṭha -- 1, kāra -- 1]1. Pk. ṭhaṭṭhāra -- m., K. ṭhö̃ṭhur m., S. ṭhã̄ṭhāro m., P. ṭhaṭhiār, ˚rā m.2. P. ludh. ṭhaṭherā m., Ku. ṭhaṭhero m., N. ṭhaṭero, Bi. ṭhaṭherā, Mth. ṭhaṭheri, H. ṭhaṭherā m.(CDIAL 5492, 5493)

dula 'pair'rebus; dul 'metal casting' PLUS muh 'oval bun-ingot shape' rebus: muh 'ingot'. Thus, ingot metalcasting.

dhal 'slant' rebus: dhalako large ingot'; PLUS खांडा [ khāṇḍā ] m A jag, notch, or indentation (as upon the edge of a tool or weapon). (Marathi) Rebus: khāṇḍā 'tools, pots and pans' .Thus, ingots and equipment.

sal 'splinter' rebus: sal 'workshop'

dula 'pair' rebus; dul 'metal casting' PLUS kaNDa 'arrow' rebus: khāṇḍā 'tools, pots and pans' .Thus, ingots and equipment.

kuTi 'water-carrier' rebus: kuThi 'smelter' PLUS karNaka 'rim of jar' rebus:karNaka 'helmsman'

muh 'oval shape' rebus: muh 'ingot' PLUS pajhar 'sprout' rebus: pasra 'smithy, forge'

ṭaṅka2 m.n. ʻ spade, hoe, chisel ʼ R. 2. ṭaṅga -- 2 m.n. ʻ sword, spade ʼ lex.
1. Pa. ṭaṅka -- m. ʻ stone mason's chisel ʼ; Pk. ṭaṁka -- m. ʻ stone -- chisel, sword ʼ; Woṭ. ṭhõ ʻ axe ʼ; Bshk. ṭhoṅ ʻ battleaxe ʼ, ṭheṅ ʻ small axe ʼ (< *ṭaṅkī); Tor. (Biddulph) "tunger" m. ʻ axe ʼ (ṭ? AO viii 310), Phal. ṭhō˘ṅgi f.; K. ṭŏnguru m. ʻ a kind of hoe ʼ; N. (Tarai) ṭã̄gi ʻ adze ʼ; H. ṭã̄kī f. ʻ chisel ʼ; G. ṭã̄k f. ʻ pen nib ʼ; M. ṭã̄k m. ʻ pen nib ʼ, ṭã̄kī f. ʻ chisel ʼ.2. A. ṭāṅgi ʻ stone chisel ʼ; B. ṭāṅg, ˚gi ʻ spade, axe ʼ; Or. ṭāṅgi ʻ battle -- axe ʼ; Bi. ṭã̄gā, ˚gī ʻ adze ʼ; Bhoj. ṭāṅī ʻ axe ʼ; H. ṭã̄gī f. ʻ hatchet ʼ.(CDIAL 5427) Rebus; ṭaṅkaśālā -- , ṭaṅkakaś˚ f. ʻ mint ʼ lex. [ṭaṅka -- 1, śāˊlā -- ]N. ṭaksāl, ˚ār, B. ṭāksāl, ṭã̄k˚, ṭek˚, Bhoj. ṭaksār, H. ṭaksāl, ˚ār f., G. ṭãksāḷ f., M. ṭã̄ksāl, ṭāk˚, ṭãk˚, ṭak˚. -- Deriv. G. ṭaksāḷī m. ʻ mint -- master ʼ, M. ṭāksāḷyā m.Addenda: ṭaṅkaśālā -- : Brj. ṭaksāḷī, ˚sārī m. ʻ mint -- master ʼ. (CDIAL 5434)

खांडा [ khāṇḍā ] m A jag, notch, or indentation (as upon the edge of a tool or weapon). (Marathi) Rebus: khāṇḍā 'tools, pots and pans' .Thus, ingots and equipment.

dATu 'cross' rebus: dhAtu 'mineral ore'.

khaNDa 'division' rebus: khāṇḍā 'tools, pots and pans' PLUS dula 'two' rebus; dul 'metal casting'

Sign 65 aya 'fish' rebus: ayas 'alloy metal' PLUS dhakka 'lid' rebus: dhalla 'bright, blasing'

ḍhaṁkaṇa 'lid' rebus dhakka 'excellent, bright, blazing metal article'
karNaka 'rim of jar' rebus: karNaka 'helmsman', karNika 'supercargo, scribe'
khaNDa 'division' rebus: khāṇḍā 'tools, pots and pans'
Semantic determinative:खांडा [ khāṇḍā ] m A jag, notch, or indentation (as upon the edge of a tool or weapon). (Marathi) Rebus: khāṇḍā 'tools, pots and pans' .Thus, ingots and equipment.

koDa 'one' rebus:koD 'workshop'

aya 'fish' rebus: ayas 'alloy metal'.

kaṇḍa 'arrow' (Skt.) rebus: kaṇḍa 'equipment'

aya 'fish' rebus: ayas 'alloy metal'.

maid 'harrow' rebus: meD 'iron'

ḍhaṁkaṇa 'lid' rebus dhakka 'excellent, bright, blazing metal article' PLUS खांडा [ khāṇḍā ] m A jag, notch, or indentation (as upon the edge of a tool or weapon). (Marathi) Rebus: khāṇḍā 'tools, pots and pans'.This hieroglyph is paired: dula 'pair' rebus: dul 'metal casting'.Thus, blazing, bright metalcast equipment.

sal 'splinter' rebus: sal 'workshop''

kanac 'corner' rebus: kancu 'bell-metal' PLUS muh 'shape of bun-ingot' rebus: muh 'ingot'. Thus,bell-metal ingot.

arka cognate څرخ ṯs̱arḵẖ 'potter's wheel' (Pashto) rebus: gold, copper.

Ka. gōṭu border or hem of a garment; fringe, edging, trimming. Tu. gōṭu embroidery, lace. Te. gō̃ṭu an ornamental appendage to the border of a cloth, fringe' Rebus 1: gota (laterite, ferrite ore) Rebus 2: goṭā 'gold-braid'.

ranku 'liquid measure' rebus: ranku 'tin (ore)' PLUS paired: dula 'pair' rebus: dul 'metal casting'.Thus tin metal-casting.

gaNDa 'four' rebus: kaNDA 'equipment' PLUS dula 'pair' rebus: dul 'metalcating'. Thus metalcst equipment.

meD 'body' rebus:meD 'iron'

kāmaṭhum = a bow; kāmaḍ, kāmaḍum = a chip of bamboo (G.) .Rebus: kammaTa 'mint'

loa 'ficus glomerata' rebus: loh 'copper,metal' PLUS dula 'pair' rebus: dul 'metalcasting'. Thus copper metalcasting.