Metallurgical wealth of Bharata and Ancient Maritime Tin Route linking Hanoi and Haifa from 7th m. BCE

Bharat was the Superpower with metallurgical wealth from 7th millennium BCE -- from the days of Bhirrana and Kunal with circular Vedic dwellings as in Burzahom. 

Cambridge historian Angus Maddison has shown that Bharat accounted for over 33% of Global GDP in 1 CE. This has clearly been founded on millennia of economic activity of wealth creation for a nation. When arsenical bronze, a naturally occurring alloy was in short supply, someone invented the idea of creating an alloy of copper and tin to produce bronze. This started the world's First Tin-Bronze Industrial Revolution on an organized scale. 

The corporate form used in Bharat was unique, called śreṇi which is a commonwealth where the artisans and seafaring merchants produce wealth and SHARE it with the community.This commonwealth as an organization was a major factor in the accumulation of wealth of the nation. I have shown that the three tin ingots found in a Haifa shipwreck had Indus Script inscriptions, with the Meluhha/mleccha expression, ranku dhatu mukha, 'antelope, cross, face' rebus: ranku dhatu muha, 'tin mineral ingot'.Bengal was so-called bcause vanga meant 'lead and tin' close to the largest tin belt of the globe on Mekong, Irrawaddy, Salween river basins formed by grinding down granite rocks by the Himalayan rivers to accumulate placer deposits of cassiterite tin ore. Revolution!!! Attested by the movement of r̥ṣi Gotama Rahugaṇa from Kurukshetra to Sadaaniira (synonym for Karatoya river according to Amara). Surprise!!! Karatoya is a tributary of both Brahmaputra and Ganga, now in Bangladesh. (There is an archaeological site on this river basin called Bogara, from Vyokaara, 'blacksmith'; this Bogara is close to Mahasthaanaghar).

Clearly, coterminus with Sarasvati Civilization, Rgveda people were transacting with these regions using the navigable waters of Sarasvati,Persian GUlf, Indian Ocean rim and also Ganga-Yamuna, Brahmaputra. So, I have posited an Ancient Maritime Tin Route which predated Silk Road by 2 millennia to link Hanoi (Vietnam) and Haifa (Israel). Meluhha people could be from Malacca straits. Univ. of Hawaii linguists have proved that Mon-Khmer languages have their roots in Santali-Munda-Austro Asiatic languages. No wonder, Mahabharata is called Bhima Swarga in Javanese version; Bhima is the leader of the Pandavas who set out on a pilgrimage to rescue Pandu from the metal cauldrons, from hell to heaven. In a sculptural metaphor, Bhima is the smith, Ganesa is a step-dancer with his karana, Arjuna is the dhmAkaara 'bellows blower' [rebus from (dh)makara, composite animal' the Vaahana of Maa Ganga, Mekong.] This sculpture is from Candi Sukuh near Bali where the Veda traditions are living traditions even today. Surely, our archaeological enquiries have to extend to Angkor Wat region with the largest Vishnu mandiram of the globe and where the daily puja according to Maheshwara Samhita, Pancaratra aagama vidhaana should be restored. (There is an inscription in Pallava Grandha which mandates this, identifying the families of priests who should conduct the puja). Here it is, the rendering of Bhima Swarga, a breathtaking metaphor rendered in stone showing the smithy of nations called Harosheth Hagoyim (Kharoṣṭhī gotra or goyaa 'blacksmith lip clan' or with cognate pronunciation variant, harosheth hagoyim, Smithy of Nations)in the King James version of the Old Bible.Archaeological evidence for this Smithy of Nations has been found in Israel dated to 7th m.BCE in a cave with stunning splendour of arsenical bronze artifacts of Nahal Mishmar, not far from Haifa).So, I submit that Veda traditions have roots in 7th m.BCE and predate Sarasvati Civilization with 'writing' phase dated from 4th m. BCE (evidence of Harappa potsherd with Indus Script writing firmly dated to ca. 3300 BCE). 

Surprising confirmation from a provenance lead isotope analysis by Bergemann et al in Iran Antiqua which proves that the Tin-Bronze Revolution of Ancient Near East was powered by copper from Rajasthan, Gujarat (Khetri mines). 

This explains why Rakhigarhi was the capital of the civilization, a pattana on the water-divide ridge of Aravalli faultline which links navigable west-flowing Sarasvati with navigable east-flowing Ganga-Yamuna-Brahmaputra through Copper Culture Hoard sites of Brahmanabad, Sinauli etc.and evidence of Anthropomorphs, signature tune which I refer to as calling cards of smiths and seafaring Meluhha merchants of Sheorajpur with a temple which has a sculpted metallic roof).Sheorajpur anthropomorph with fish Indus Script hieroglyph on chest rebus: aya 'fish' rebus: ayas 'alloy metal'; meDh 'ram' rebus: meDho 'merchant'; karnika 'spread legs' rebus: karanaka 'steersman, supercargo, merchant responsible for cargo of shipment);hence the karana of Ganesa which is a dance-step, rebus karani 'supercargo, Prime Minister' (Marathi) Look at the bronze age sites which correlate with the spread of Austro-Asiatic languages.

Pinnow's map of Austro-Asiatic language speakers.