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Ishtar Gate bas-reliefs of 'unicorn', lions, Mušḫuššu (composite animals) and links with Indus Script catalogue of metalwork wealth

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https://tinyurl.com/y26orgj7


"King Nebuchadnezzar II (604–562 BCE) ordered the construction of the gate and dedicated it to the Babylonian goddess Ishtar. The gate was constructed using glazed brick with alternating rows of basrelie mušḫuššu (dragons), aurochs (bulls), lions.", 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ishtar_Gate 

mušḫuššu, auroch (unicorn), lion. Two of these three animals evoke the composite animal composites which is a unique characteristic of Indus Script Cipher. 

The unicorn is a composite of spiny horned young bull (aurochs)..
A composite animal is called सांगड sāṅgaḍa A body formed of two or more (fruits, animals, men) linked or joined together. Rebus: sāṅgaha 'collection'; jangadiyo 'military guards accompanying treasure'; सांगड sāṅgaḍa 'double-canoe, catamaran'; जांगड [jāṅgaḍa] 'goods on approval' basis. 

See:  https://tinyurl.com/y45gxnvm


The 'unicorn' is also a composite animal composed of one spiny horn ligatured tothe body of a young bull. The rebus Meluhha readings are: 

 

खोंड [khōṇḍa] m A young bull, a bullcalf; Rebus: kunda 'fine gold' konda 'furnace' PLUS singhin 'spiny horn' rebus: singi 'ornament gold'.

On Indus Script, lion signifies arye 'lion' rebus: āra 'brass'.

The  mušḫuššu is a composite animal composed of cobra (face) with a horn and a curl, cobra (hood) as tail, forelegs as feline paws, hindlegs as talons of eagle. As an Indus Script hypertext composition, the hieroglyphs which constitute a composite .mušḫuššu are read rebus in Meluhha:  phaḍā 'serpent hood' rebus:  phaḍā, paṭṭada, 'metals manufactory' PLUS panja 'feline paws' rebus: panja 'kiln, furnace' PLUS kola 'tiger' rebus: kol 'working in iron' kolhe 'smelter' PLUS aśanahan 'falcon' rebus: ahan 'iron' aśani 'thunderbolt;  آهن ګر āhan gar, s.m. (5th) A smith, a blacksmith. Thus, the mušḫuššu as a composite animal, signifies metalwork catalogue of furnaces for metals, ironwork,production of iron thunderbolt weapons by blacksmiths.

Thus,the three animals adorning the Ishtar gate are products of metal wealth: fine gold, ornament gold,brass, iron implements and weapons.

This method of showing animals to signify wealth on the Ishtar Gate compares with the procession of animals shown as tributes from Musri to Shalamanaser III (858-824 BCE) shown in bas-relief on a Black Obelisk which include elephant, camels, monkeys, unicorn, water-buffalo and antelope.See: 

Elephant, camel: Hieroglyphs: karibha, ibha 'elephant' karabhá m. ʻ camel ʼ MBh., ʻ young camel ʼ Pañcat., ʻ young elephant ʼ BhP. 2. kalabhá -- ʻ young elephant or camel ʼ Pañcat. [Poss. a non -- aryan kar -- ʻ elephant ʼ also in karḗṇu -- , karin -- EWA i 165] 1. Pk. karabha -- m., ˚bhī -- f., karaha -- m. ʻ camel ʼ, S. karahu˚ho m., P. H. karhā m., Marw. karhau JRAS 1937, 116, OG. karahu m., OM. karahā m.; Si. karaba ʻ young elephant or camel ʼ.2. Pa. kalabha -- m. ʻ young elephant ʼ, Pk. kalabha -- m., ˚bhiā -- f., kalaha -- m.; Ku. kalṛo ʻ young calf ʼ; Or. kālhuṛi ʻ young bullock, heifer ʼ; Si. kalam̆bayā ʻ young elephant ʼ Rebus: karba, ib 'iron'Addenda: karabhá -- : OMarw. karaha ʻ camel ʼ.
5. Monkeys: hieroglyphs:  Four monkeys shown as tributes are:
kuhāru कुठारु monkey; rebus: kuhāru, कुठारु an armourer.

korg 'black monkey' rebus: kuro silver (Kol.Nk.)

रत्नी  ratnī 'female monkey dressed as woman'Rebus: ratnin 'possessing gifts', rátna n. ʻ gift ʼ RV., ʻ treasure, jewel ʼ Mn. [√raṇ1]Pa. ratana -- n. ʻ jewel ʼ

markaṭमर्कट ( Un2. iv , 81) a monkey , ape VS. &c Rebus: marakata n. ʻ emerald ʼ R.Pk. maraada -- , maragaya -- m.n.; Si. marā ʻ emerald ʼ, adj. ʻ greenʼ(CDIAL 9868) मरकत   marakata m S An emerald. (Marathi) 

Thus, the tributes signified by the animals from Musri are iron implements, metal armour, lapidary metalwork wealth from Meluhha and tin ore (ranku 'antelope' rebus; ranku 'tin').

..

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eiYfFHyTTRc (8:30)

A visit to the Pergamon museum in Berlin



 Published on Jul 30, 2015

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This video is from a visit to the Pergamon museum in Berlin in may 2013. Wikipedia info about the Pergamon museum: The Pergamon Museum (German: Pergamonmuseum) is situated on the Museum Island in Berlin. The site was designed by Alfred Messel and Ludwig Hoffmann and was constructed in twenty years, from 1910 to 1930. The Pergamon Museum houses original-sized, reconstructed monumental buildings such as the Pergamon Altar and the Market Gate of Miletus, all consisting of parts transported from Turkey. The museum is subdivided into the antiquity collection, the Middle East museum, and the museum of Islamic art. The museum is visited by approximately 1,135,000 people every year, making it the most visited art museum in Germany (2007).

[quote]
This gate was built at the northern side of the city of Babylon by the king Nebuchadnezzar II in 575 BCE. It was the eighth gate into the city of Babylon, Mesopotamia (modern Babil Governorate, Iraq). 

The gate was built with glazed bricks and decorated with alternating rows of bas-reliefs of aurochs (representing the god Adad) and dragons (also known as Mušḫuššu or Sirrush which represent the god Marduk). 

The gate (and its inscription wall or plaque) was excavated by a German archaeological team lead by Robert Koldewey from 1902-1914 CE. A complete reconstruction was made within the PergamonMuseum in Berlin, Germany, during the 1930s CE. 

This video features the gate and its inscription plaque together with wall plaques of the throne room of the king Nebuchadnezzar II. The Pergamon Museum, Berlin, Germany.
[unquote] https://www.ancient.eu/video/527/the-ishtar-gate-of-babylon-at-the-pergamon-museum-/

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