-- sāṅgaḍa सांगड 'joining together a body of animals, men'' to signify rebus saṁgaha ‘collection’ of wealth categories, metalwork cargo; a cognate expression jangadiyo means ''military guards carrying treasure into the treasury' (Gujarati) jangaḍ Bhāratīya accounting, a well-settled system in jurisprudence, for mercantile transactions which are invoiced on approval basis.
-- lapidary work is signified by the spiny-horned young bull which reads kunda singi 'fine gold, ornament gold'; Ta. kuntaṉam interspace for setting gems in a jewel; fine gold (< Te.). Ka. kundaṇa setting a precious stone in fine gold; fine gold; kundana fine gold. Tu.kundaṇa pure gold. Te. kundanamu fine gold used in very thin foils in setting precious stones; setting precious stones with fine gold. (DEDR 1725)
Some Indus Script Hypertext compositions include a human face joined to animal parts as may be seen from the following examples:![]()
m1177 Mohenjo-daro seal. The horns of the composite animal combine two hieroglyph elementss: 1.Spiny horn signifying the single horn of a 'young bull also called unicorn'; and 2.Raised, curved horns signifying a zebu. Other hieroglyphs are: scarves on the neck; trunk of an elephant; tail shaped like an upraised cobra hood.The body is that of a bovine (perhaps, young bull). The hind leg of the compiosition is clearly marked to highlight the thigh and hind legs and paws of a feline.
Cobra hood phaḍa 'throne, hood of cobra' rebus: फड, phaḍa 'metalwork artisan guild in charge of manufactory'
Hieroglyph: Buttock, back, thigh: (b) Pk. ṭaṁka -- m., °kā -- f. ʻ leg ʼ, S. ṭaṅga f., L. P. ṭaṅg f., Ku. ṭã̄g, N. ṭāṅ; Or. ṭāṅka ʻ leg, thigh ʼ, °ku ʻ thigh, buttock ʼ.2. B. ṭāṅ, ṭeṅri ʻ leg, thigh ʼ; Mth. ṭã̄g, ṭãgri ʻ leg, foot ʼ; Bhoj. ṭāṅ, ṭaṅari ʻ leg ʼ, Aw. lakh. H. ṭã̄g f.; G. ṭã̄g f., °gɔ m. ʻ leg from hip to foot ʼ; M. ṭã̄g f. ʻ leg ʼ.Addenda: 1(b): S.kcch. ṭaṅg(h) f. ʻ leg ʼ, WPah.kṭg. (kc.) ṭāṅg f. (obl. -- a) ʻ leg (from knee to foot) ʼ.(CDIAL 5428) Rebus: mint, pure gold: Ta. taṅkam pure gold, that which is precious, of great worth. Ma. taṅkam pure gold. /? < Skt. ṭaṅka- a stamped (gold) coin.(DEDR 3013) टङ्क m. a stamped coin Hit.; m. a weight of 4 माषs S3a1rn3gS. i , 19 Vet. iv , 2÷3; m. a sword L.
ṭaṅkaśālā -- , ṭaṅkakaś° f. ʻ mint ʼ lex. [
Hieroglyph: ḍāg, 'waist': *ḍhākka ʻ back, waist ʼ. Wg. ḍakāˊ ʻ waist ʼ; Dm. ḍã̄k, ḍaṅ ʻ back ʼ, Shum. ḍäg, Woṭ. ḍāg, Gaw. ḍáka; Kal. rumb. ḍhak ʻ waist ʼ, urt. ḍhã̄k ʻ back ʼ; Bshk. ḍāk ʻ waist ʼ, d(h)āk ʻ back ʼ AO xviii 233; Tor. ḍāk, ḍāgʻ back ʼ, Mai. ḍāg, ḍā; Phal. ḍōk ʻ waist, back ʼ; Sh. ḍāki̯ f. ʻ back, small of back ʼ, pales. ḍāko; S. ḍhāka f. ʻ hip ʼ, L. ḍhāk; P. ḍhāk f. ʻ side, hip ʼ.(CDIAL 5582) Rebus: dhakka'excellent, bright, blazing metal article'.
Ligatured faces: some close-up images.
Hieroglyph: 'human face': mũhe ‘face’ (Santali)
Rebus: mũh opening or hole (in a stove for stoking (Bi.); ingot (Santali) mũh metal ingot (Santali) mũhã̄= the quantity of iron produced at one time in a native smelting furnace of the Kolhes; iron produced by the Kolhes and formed like a four-cornered piece a little pointed at each end; mūhā mẽṛhẽt = iron smelted by the Kolhes and formed into an equilateral lump a little pointed at each of four ends; kolhe tehen mẽṛhẽt ko mūhā akata = the Kolhes have to-day produced pig iron (Santali) kaula mengro‘blacksmith’ (Gypsy) mleccha-mukha (Skt.) = milakkhu ‘copper’ (Pali) The Samskritam gloss mleccha-mukha should literally mean: copper-ingot absorbing the Santali gloss, mũh, as a suffix.
Text message on Seal m1177:
Sign 267 is oval=shape variant, rhombus-shape of a bun ingot. Like Sign 373, this sign also signifies mũhã̄ 'bun ingot' PLUS kanac 'corner' rebus: kancu 'bell-metal'.kaṁsá
Sign 347 is a hypertext which signifiesmetalcasting smithy, forge..
 Sign 272 cyphertext is a composite of Sign 267 and smoke, flame signifying a portable furnace. Lozenge, corner, signifier of portable furnace smoke/fire. Lozenge or oval shapes are mũhã̄ 'bun-ingot' shapes. kammaṭa 'portable furnace to melt metals', rebus: Ta. kampaṭṭam coinage, coin. Ma. kammaṭṭam, kammiṭṭam coinage, mint. Ka. kammaṭa id.; kammaṭi a coiner (DEDR 1236). Thus, kancu ʼmũh kammaṭa bronze, bell-metal ingot mint. |
A remarkable phrase in Sanskrit indicates the link between mleccha and use of camels as trade caravans. This is explained in the lexicon of Apte for the lexeme: auṣṭrika 'belonging to a camel'. The lexicon entry cited Mahābhārata: औष्ट्रिक a. Coming from a camel (as milk); Mb.8. 44.28; -कः An oil-miller; मानुषाणां मलं म्लेच्छा म्लेच्छाना- मौष्ट्रिका मलम् । औष्ट्रिकाणां मलं षण्ढाः षण्ढानां राजयाजकाः ॥ Mb.8.45.25. From the perspective of a person devoted to śāstra and rigid disciplined life, Baudhāyana thus defines the word म्लेच्छः mlēcchḥ : -- गोमांसखादको यस्तु विरुद्धं बहु भाषते । सर्वाचारविहीनश्च म्लेच्छ इत्यभिधीयते ॥ 'A person who ears meat, deviates from traditional practices.'
The 'face' glyph is thus read rebus: mleccha mũh 'copper ingot'.
It is significant that Vatsyayana refers to cryptography in his lists of 64 arts and calls it mlecchita-vikalpa, lit. 'an alternative representation -- in cryptography or cipher -- of mleccha words.'
An example of a composite animal appears on Seal 1186 as human face, joined to markhor horns and bod of a bovine with upraised tail (comparable to the upraised tail on Seal m0300
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This hieroglyph (Sign 242) on Seal m1186 is a determinative that the message conveyed by 'composite animals' is that the locus is kole.l 'temple/' rebus: kole.l 'smithy, forge'.![]()
Varint of 'room' glyph with embedded rimless pot glyph (Sign 243 - Mahadevan corpus).
This hieroglyph (Sign 242) on Seal m1186 is a determinative that the message conveyed by 'composite animals' is that the locus is kole.l 'temple/' rebus: kole.l 'smithy, forge'.
Varint of 'room' glyph with embedded rimless pot glyph (Sign 243 - Mahadevan corpus).'Room' glyph. Rebus: kole.l = smithy, temple in Kota village (Ko.) kolme smithy' (Ka.) kol ‘working in iron, blacksmith (Ta.)(DEDR 2133) The ligature glyphic element within 'room' glyph (Variant Sign 243): baṭi 'broad-mouthed, rimless metal vessel'; rebus: baṭi 'smelting furnace'. Thus, the composite ligatured Sign 243 denotes: furnace smithy.
m1186A Composite animal hieroglyph. Text of inscription (3 lines).
Rebus Meluhha readings of text message:
ḍato 'claws or pincers (chelae) of crabs'; ḍaṭom, ḍiṭom to seize with the claws or pincers, as crabs, scorpions; Ka. paṭakāru tongs, pincers. Te. paṭakāru, paṭukāṟu pair of tongs, large pincers. (DEDR 3864) Rebus: phaḍa फड 'manufactory, company, guild, public office',PLUS khãr 'blacksmith' Ta. paṭṭaṭai, paṭṭaṟai anvil, smithy, forge. Ka. paṭṭaḍe, paṭṭaḍi anvil, workshop. Te. paṭṭika, paṭṭeḍa anvil; paṭṭaḍa workshop.(DEDR 3865): Thus, line 1 with two hieroglyph compositions as hypertexts signify: mint, smithy/forge of blacksmith. The two ovals (lozenges) ligatured to the claws ons second hypertext signify dula 'pair' rebus; dul 'metal casting' PLUS mũh 'ingot'.(shape of lozenge).![]()
Sign 1 meḍ 'body' rebus: meḍ 'iron (metal)' (Munda) med 'copper' (Slavic languages) कर्णक m. du. the two legs spread out AV. xx , 133 'spread legs'; (semantic ... कर्णक 'spread legs' rebus: 'helmsman', karṇi 'supercargo'
https://tinyurl.com/y2aavpwb See: kaṇḍa kārṇī is 'equipment supercargo'; paṭṭa 'fillet' worn by priest signifies him as फडनीस Master of फडा phaḍā 'guild' https://tinyurl.com/y6r6dd2m![]()
Sign 342 is orthography of 'rim-of-jar'. This is read rebus as karṇaka 'rim of jar' rebus: karṇī 'engraver, scribe';
Sign 342 is orthography of 'rim-of-jar'. This is read rebus as karṇaka 'rim of jar' rebus: karṇī 'engraver, scribe';
This kaṇḍa kārṇī which reads ‘rim of jar’ rebus: ‘equipment cargo’ signifies bill of lading when used as sealings of seals on cargo packages. This explains the reason why this hypertext is the most frequently on Indus Script Corpora. Since the inscriptions signify wealth-accounting ledger entries, the inscriptions explain how Ancient India became a Super Power contributing to over 33% of World GDP in 1 CE.
Sign 70 'fish PLUS notch' अयस्--काण्ड ayaskāṇḍa m. n. " a quantity of iron " or " excellent iron " , (g. कस्का*दि q.v.) अयस् ayas अयस् a. [इ-गतौ-असुन्] Going, moving; nimble. n. (-यः) 1 Iron (एति चलति अयस्कान्तसंनिकर्षं इति तथात्वम्; नायसोल्लिख्यते रत्नम् Śukra 4.169. अभितप्तमयो$पि मार्दवं भजते कैव कथा शरीरिषु R.8.43. -2 Steel. -3 Gold. -4 A metal in general. -5 Aloe wood. -6 An iron instrument; यदयोनिधनं याति सो$स्य धर्मः सनातनः Mb.6.17.11. -7 Going. m. Fire. [cf. L. aes, aeris; Goth. ais, eisarn; Ger. eisin]. -Comp. -अग्रम्, -अग्रकम् a hammer, a mace or club tipped with iron; a pestle for cleaning grain. -अपाष्टि a. Ved. furnished with iron claws or heels. -कंसः, -सम् an iron goblet. -कणपम् A kind of weapon, which throws out iron-balls; अयःकणपचक्राश्म- भुशुण्डयुक्तबाहवः Mb.1.227.25. -काण्डः 1 an iron-arrow. -2 excellent iron. -3 a large quantity of iron (Apte)
The animal is a quadruped: pasaramu, pasalamu = an animal, a beast, a brute, quadruped (Te.)Rebus: pasra ‘smithy’ (Santali) Allograph: panǰā́r ‘ladder, stairs’(Bshk.)(CDIAL 7760) Thus the composite animal connotes a smithy. Details of the smithy are described orthographically by the glyphic elements of the composition.
manḍa 'arbour,canopy' Rebus 1: mã̄ḍ ʻarray of instruments'. Rebus 2: maṇḍā = warehouse, workshop (Konkani.) PLUS loa'ficus glomerata' rebus: loh'copper,metal'
Standing person with spread legs, wristlets, scarf, horns: dhangar 'bull' rebus: dhangar 'blacksmith' dhatu 'scarf' rebus: dhatu 'mineral ores' PLUS karã̄ n. pl. wristlets, bangles Rebus: khārखार् 'blacksmith'.
Hieroglyph: feeding trough: பத்தர்¹ pattar பத்தல் , 1, 4, 5. 2. Wooden trough for feeding animals; தொட்டி. பன்றிக் கூழ்ப்பத்தரில் (நாலடி , 257). 3. Cocoanut shell or gourd used as a vessel; குடுக்கை. கொடிக்காய்ப்பத்தர் (கல்லா . 40, 3).
Hieroglyph: worshipper: బత్తుడు battuḍu 'worshipper'
பத்தர்³ pattar , n. < bhakta. 1. Devotees, votaries; அடியார். பத்தர்சிக்கெனப்பிடித்தசெல்வமே (திருவாச. 37, 8). 2. Persons who are loyal to God, king or country; அன்புடையார். தேசபத்தர். 3. A caste of Vīrašaiva vegetarians; வீரசைவரில்புலாலுண்ணாதவகுப்பினர். Loc.
Rebus: బత్తుడు battuḍu, baḍaga 'a professional title of five artificers' of Sarasvati Civilization presented on Indus Script Corpora.
Rebus: பத்தர்² pattar , n. < T. battuḍu. A caste title of goldsmiths; தட்டார் பட்டப்
பெயருள் ஒன்று. பத்தர்⁵ pattar , n. perh. vartaka. Merchants; வியாபாரிகள். (W .)![]()
Sign 45![]()
Sign 46
The glyphic of the hieroglyph: tail (serpent), face (human), horns (bos indicus, zebu or ram), trunk (elephant), front paw (tiger).
The other pictorial motifs on this seal m1186 include pleiades or seven ladies.
bagala 'pleiades' rebus:bagala 'dhow,seafaring vessel'.
miṇḍāl markhor (Tor.wali) meḍho a ram, a sheep (G.)(CDIAL 10120)bhēḍra -- , bhēṇḍa -- m. ʻ ram ʼ lex. [← Austro -- as. J. Przyluski BSL xxx 200: perh. Austro -- as. *mēḍra ~ bhēḍra collides with Aryan mḗḍhra -- 1 in mēṇḍhra -- m. ʻ penis ʼ BhP., ʻ ram ʼ lex. -- See also bhēḍa -- 1, mēṣá -- , ēḍa -- . -- The similarity between bhēḍa -- 1, bhēḍra -- , bhēṇḍa -- ʻ ram ʼ and *bhēḍa -- 2 ʻ defective ʼ is paralleled by that between mḗḍhra -- 1, mēṇḍha -- 1 ʻ ram ʼ and *mēṇḍa -- 1, *mēṇḍha -- 2 (s.v. *miḍḍa -- ) ʻ defective ʼ](CDIAL 9606) mēṣá m. ʻ ram ʼ, °ṣīˊ -- f. ʻ ewe ʼ RV. 2. mēha -- 2, miha- m. lex. [mēha -- 2 infl. by mḗhati ʻ emits semen ʼ as poss. mēḍhra -- 2 ʻ ram ʼ (~ mēṇḍha -- 2) by mḗḍhra -- 1 ʻ penis ʼ?]1. Pk. mēsa -- m. ʻ sheep ʼ, Ash. mišalá; Kt. məṣe/l ʻ ram ʼ; Pr. məṣé ʻ ram, oorial ʼ; Kal. meṣ, meṣalák ʻ ram ʼ, H. mes m.; -- X bhēḍra -- q.v.2. K. myã̄ -- pūtu m. ʻ the young of sheep or goats ʼ; WPah.bhal. me\i f. ʻ wild goat ʼ; H. meh m. ʻ ram ʼ.mēṣāsya -- ʻ sheep -- faced ʼ Suśr. [mēṣá -- , āsyà -- ](CDIAL 10334) Rebus: meḍ (Ho.); mẽṛhet ‘iron’ (Mu.Ho.)mẽṛh t iron; ispat m. = steel; dul m. = cast iron (Mu.)
The composite animal glyph is one example to show that rebus method has to be applied to every glyphic element in the writing system.
Rebus: saṁgaha ‘collection’saṁgraha m. ʻ collection ʼ Mn., ʻ holding together ʼ MBh. [√
Seal m0300