https://tinyurl.com/y2h5bcga
-- Deciphering Paśupati seal m0304 strings of Indus Script hypertexts kamaḍha 'penance' rebus kammaṭa 'mint', kandhani 'belt' rebus kaṇḍhā'market town', kunda'a treasure of Kubera', wealth-accounting ledgers
m0304
Seated in penance: kamaḍha 'penance' (Pkt.) Rebus: kammaṭi a coiner (Ka.); kampaṭṭam coinage, coin, mint (Ta.) kammaṭa = mint, gold furnace (Te.)
Adorned, ornamented: maṇḍana n. ʻ adorning ʼ MBh., maṇḍaná -- adj. Pāṇ. [√maṇḍ ] Pa. maṇḍana -- n., Pk. maṁḍaṇa -- n. and adj.; OMarw. māṁḍaṇa m. ʻ ornament ʼ; G. mã̄ḍaṇ n. ʻ decorating foreheads and cheeks of women on festive occasions ʼ. Rebus: maṇḍā ‘warehouse’. Bracelets on both hands: karã̄ n.pl.ʻwristlets, banglesʼ.(Gujarati)S. karāī f. ʻ wrist ʼ(CDIAL 2779) Rebus: khār खार् 'blacksmith' (Kashmiri). Thus, warehouse of blacksmith.
Wears a waist-belt: kandhani ‘belt’ rebus: kaṇḍhā, kã̄ṭh‘bank’ *kaṭabandhana ʻ belt ʼ. [Cf. kaṭibandha -- m. lex.: ka ṭi -- , bándhana -- ]N. kardhani, kandh˚ ʻ belt supporting the loincloth ʼ(ND 72 b 23 wrongly < *kaṭidharaṇa -- ); Bi. kardhan, ˚nī ʻ chain hung round waist ʼ; Mth. kara dhanī ʻ girdle ʼ; OH. kaũdhanī, kaudh˚ f. ʻbelt ʼ, H. kardhanī, kandh˚ f.(CDIAL 2634) Rebus:
H. kaṭṛā, kaṭrā m. ʻpiece of ground enclosed and inhabited, market town, market, suburbʼ; S.kcch. kaṇṭho m. ʻbank, coastʼRebus: kaṇṭa2 m. ʻ boundary of a village ʼlex. [Cf. ka ṇṭhá -- (d)]Pk. kaṁṭī -- f. ʻspace near a village, ground near a mountain, neighbourhood ʼ; H. kaṭṛā, kaṭrā m. ʻpiece of ground enclosed and inhabited, market town, market, suburb ʼ.(CDIAL 2669) Pk. kaṁṭha -- m. ʻborder, edge ʼ; L. awāṇ. kaḍḍhā ʻ bank ʼ; P. kaṇḍhā m. ʻbank, shore ʼ, °ḍhī f. ʻland bordering on a mountain ʼ; WPah. cam. kaṇḍhā ʻ edge, border ʼ; N. kānlo, kã̄llo ʻ boundary line of stones dividing two fields ʼ, kã̄ṭh ʻ outskirts of a town ʼ← a Mth. or H. dial.; H. kã̄ṭhā ʻ near ʼ; OMarw. kāṭha m. (= kã̄°?) ʻbank of a river ʼ; G. kã̄ṭhɔ m. ʻ bank, coast, limit, margin of a well ʼ; M. kāṭh, kã̄ṭh,
°ṭhā m. ʻcoast, edge, border ʼ, kã̄ṭhẽ n. ʻarable land near the edge of a hill. ʼ -- L. P. kaṇḍh f. ʻwall ʼperh. infl. in meaning by kanthā -- 1 .S.kcch. kaṇṭho m. ʻbank, coast ʼ(CDIAL 2680)
Crooked buffalo-horns: kuṇḍī = crooked buffalo horns (L.) Rebus: kuṇḍī = chief of village. kuṇḍi-a = village headman; leader of a village (Pkt.lex.) I.e. śreṇi jeṭṭha chief of metal-worker guild.
Jumping tiger: panja 'paws of feline' rebus: panja 'kiln, furnace' PLUS B. kũdā, kõdā 'to leap'; Or. kudibā ʻ to jump, dance ʼ; Mth. kūdab ʻ to jump ʼ, Aw. lakh. kūdab, H. kūdnā, OMarw. kūdaï, G. kūrda m. ʻ jump ʼ, gūrda -- m. ʻ jump ʼ Kāṭh. [√kūrd] S. kuḍ̠u m. ʻ leap ʼ, N. kud, Or. kuda, °dā, kudā -- kudi ʻ jumping about ʼ. kūˊrdati ʻ leaps, jumps ʼ MBh. [gūˊrdati, khūˊrdatē Dhātup.: prob. ← Drav. (Tam. kuti, Kan. gudi ʻ to spring ʼ) T. Burrow BSOAS xii 375]S. kuḍ̠aṇu ʻ to leap ʼ; L. kuḍ̠aṇ ʻ to leap, frisk, play ʼ; P. kuddṇā ʻ to leap ʼ, Ku. kudṇo, N. kudnu, (CDIAL 3411, 3412) Rebus: kūdī 'bunch of twigs' (Sanskrit) कूदी f. a bunch of twigs , bunch (v.l. कूट्/ई) AV. v , 19 ,12 Kaus3.accord. to Kaus3. , Sch. = बदरी, "Christ's thorn". Rebus: kuṭhi 'smelter furnace' (Santali) Rebus: kō̃da कोँद ।कुलालादिकन्दुः f. a kiln; a potter's kiln (Rām. 1446; H. xi, 11); a brick-kiln (Śiv. 133); a lime-kiln. -bal - बल्।कुलालादिकन्दुस्थानम् m. the place where a kiln is erected, a brick or potter's kiln (Gr.Gr. 165). -- khasüñü -- कुलालादिकन्दुयथावद्भावः f.inf. a kiln to arise; met. to become like such a kiln (which contains no imperfectly baked articles, but only well-made perfectly baked ones), hence, a collection of good ('pucka') articles or qualities to exist. Cf. Śiv. 133, where the causal form of the verb is used. (Kashmiri)
What are the two haystacks, two antelopes of theplatform? kuṇḍa3 n. ʻ clump ʼ e.g. darbha -- kuṇḍa -- Pāṇ. [← Drav. (Tam.koṇṭai ʻ tuft of hair ʼ, Kan. goṇḍe ʻ cluster ʼ, &c.) T. Burrow BSOAS xii374]Pk. kuṁḍa -- n. ʻ heap of crushed sugarcane stalks ʼ; WPah. bhal. kunnū m. ʻ large heap of a mown crop ʼ; N. kunyũ ʻ large heap of grain or straw ʼ, baṛ -- kũṛo ʻ cluster of berries ʼ.*kuṇḍaka ʻ husks, bran ʼ.Pa. kuṇḍaka -- m. ʻred powder of rice husks ʼ; Pk. kuṁḍaga -- m. ʻ chaff ʼ; N. kũṛo ʻ boiledgrain given as fodder to buffaloes ʼ, kunāuro ʻ husk of lentils ʼ (for endingcf. kusāuro ʻ chaff of mustard ʼ); B. kũṛā ʻ rice dust ʼ; Or. kuṇḍā ʻ rice bran ʼ; M. kũḍā, kõ˚ m. ʻ bran ʼ(CDIAL 3266, 3267) Rebus: kunda 'a treasure of Kubera', kunda 'lathe, turner' dula 'pair' rebus: dul 'metal casting'. Thus, treasure of metal castings.
Two antelopes look back: krammara 'look back' rebus: kamar 'blacksmith'
ranku 'antelope' rebus: ranku 'tin ore' Thus, tin metal castings.mã̄ḍvī f. ʻ slightly raised platform before door of a house, customs house ʼ, (G.)(CDIAL 9740) The horns: मेंढा [ mēṇḍhā ] A crook or curved end (of a stick, horn &c.) and attrib. such a stick, horn, bullock. मेढा [ mēḍhā ] m A stake, esp. as forked. Rebus: mẽṛhẽt, meḍ ‘iron’ (Mu.Ho.) Water-buffalo horns: rango 'water buffalo' Rebus: rango ‘pewter’. ranga, rang pewter is an alloy of tin, lead, and antimony (anjana) (Santali). Hieroglyhph: buffalo: Ku. N. rã̄go ʻ buffalo bull ʼ (or < raṅku -- ?).(CDIAL 10538, 10559) Rebus: raṅga3 n. ʻ tin ʼ lex. [Cf. nāga -- 2, vaṅga -- 1] Pk. raṁga -- n. ʻ tin ʼ; P. rã̄g f., rã̄gā m. ʻ pewter, tin ʼ (← H.); Ku. rāṅ ʻ tin, solder ʼ, gng. rã̄k; N. rāṅ, rāṅo ʻ tin, solder ʼ, A. B. rāṅ; Or. rāṅga ʻ tin ʼ, rāṅgā ʻ solder, spelter ʼ, Bi. Mth. rã̄gā, OAw. rāṁga; H. rã̄g f., rã̄gā m. ʻ tin, pewter ʼ; Si. ran̆ga ʻ tin ʼ.(CDIAL 10562) B. rāṅ(g)tā ʻ tinsel, copper -- foil ʼ.(CDIAL 10567) Clump on hair: करंडा [karaṇḍā] A clump, chump, or block of wood. 4 The stock or fixed portion of the staff of the large leaf-covered summerhead or umbrella. करांडा [ karāṇḍā ] m C A cylindrical piece as sawn or chopped off the trunk or a bough of a tree; a clump, chump, or block.Rebus: karaḍa ‘hard alloy’ (Marathi) Thus, the horns+ clump signify hard alloy of tin-bronze made with ranku, ranga 'tin'.
Face: mũh 'a face' rebus: mũhe 'ingot', mũhã̄ = the quantity of iron produced at one time in a native smelting furnace of the Kolhes, 'smelters'. (Santali)
Bristles on face: Glyphics of shoggy, brisltles of hair on the face of the person: Shoggy hair; tiger’s mane. sodo bodo, sodro bodro adj. adv. rough, hairy, shoggy, hirsute, uneven; sodo [Persian. sodā, dealing] trade; traffic; merchandise; marketing; a bargain; the purchase or sale of goods; buying and selling; mercantile dealings (G.lex.) sodagor = a merchant, trader; sodāgor (P.B.) (Santali)
See: Donal B Buchanan's reconstruction of Mohenjo-daro broken Pasupati seal m0304 unambiguous hieroglyphs read rebus as mint metalwork catalog http://tinyurl.com/hoq2t3e
I deeply appreciate Donal B Buchanan sending me a reconstructed image of m0304 Mohenjo-daro seal. This is in continuation of the post at http://bharatkalyan97.blogspot.in/2016/07/six-unique-hypertexts-of-indus-script.html referring to Buchanan's insight on 'corner' pictorial narratives on Indus Script inscriptions.
The image of Mohenjo-daro seal impression on the Left is a splendid reconstruction done by Donal B. Buchanan (personal communication) and the seal (m0304) is from the Corpus of Indus Inscriptions, Vol. I.
Don couldn't complete 'healing' the missing back and tail of the tiger, but at least he is still recognizable. Thus, the pictorian narrative on Seal m0304 is unambiguous and clear. All hieroglyhs are readable as hypertext rebus of a metalwork catalog.
m0304 seal of Mohenjo-daro showing a seated person surrounded by animals has been deciphered.
The message of metalwork is from a brass-worker's mint and (अग्नि-)कुण्ड, (agni-)kuṇḍa, 'sacred fire-altar'.
This message is conveyed using Indus Script hieroglyphs.
Hieroglyph: thattār 'buffalo horn' Rebus: taṭṭār 'brass worker' urukku, n. < உருக்கு-. [T. ukku, K. urku, M. urukku.] 1. Steel; எஃகு. (சூடா.) 2. Anything melted, product of liquefaction; உருக் கினபொருள். செப்புருக் கனைய (கம்பரா. கார்கா. 91).உருக்குத்தட்டார் urukku-t-taṭṭār, n. < id. +. Goldsmiths; பொற்கொல்லர். (சிலப். 5, 31, உரை.)பணித்தட்டார் paṇi-t-taṭṭār, n. < id. +. Goldsmiths; பொற்கொல்லர். பணித்தட்டார் பணி பண்ணுமிடங்களில் (சிலப். 6, 135, உரை).தட்டார்பாட்டம் taṭṭār-pāṭṭam, n. < தட் டான்¹ +. Profession tax on goldsmiths; தட்டார் இறுக்கும் அரசிறைவகை. (S. I. I . ii, 117.)தட்டாரப்பாட்டம் taṭṭāra-p-pāṭṭam, n. < தட்டார் +. See தட்டார்பாட்டம். (S. I. I . iii, 115.) తట్టుముట్టు [ taṭṭumuṭṭu ] or తట్టుముట్లు taṭṭu-muṭṭu. [Tel.] n. Things, utensils, furniture, tools, household stuff. తట్టుముట్టాడు to surround (as poverty)చుట్టుకొను . తట్రపువాడు [ taṭrapuvāḍu ] taṭrapu-vāḍu. [Tel.] n. A goldsmith.
Hieroglyph: kuṇḍa3 n. ʻ clump ʼ e.g. darbha -- kuṇḍa -- Pāṇ. [← Drav. (Tam. koṇṭai ʻ tuft of hair ʼ, Kan. goṇḍe ʻ cluster ʼ, &c.) T. Burrow BSOAS xii 374] (CDIAL 3266) Rebus: kunda 'a treasure of Kubera'Rebus: kunda1 m. ʻ a turner's lathe ʼ lex. [Cf. *cunda -- 1 ] N. kũdnu ʻ to shape smoothly, smoothe, carve, hew ʼ, kũduwā ʻ smoothly shaped ʼ; A. kund ʻ lathe ʼ, kundiba ʻ to turn and smooth in a lathe ʼ, kundowā ʻ smoothed and rounded ʼ; B. kũd ʻ lathe ʼ, kũdā, kõdā ʻ to turn in a lathe ʼ; Or. kū˘nda ʻ lathe ʼ, kũdibā, kū̃d° ʻ to turn ʼ (→ Drav. Kur. kū̃d ʻ lathe ʼ); Bi.kund ʻ brassfounder's lathe ʼ; H. kunnā ʻ to shape on a lathe ʼ, kuniyā m. ʻ turner ʼ, kunwā m. (CDIAL 3295). kundakara m. ʻ turner ʼ W. [Cf. *cundakāra -- : kunda -- 1 , kará -- 1 ] A. kundār, B. kũdār, °ri, Or. kundāru; H. kũderā m. ʻ one who works a lathe, one who scrapes ʼ, °rī f., kũdernā ʻ to scrape, plane, round on a lathe ʼ.(CDIAL 3297). Ta. kuntaṉam interspace for setting gems in a jewel; fine gold (< Te.). Ka. kundaṇa setting a precious stone in fine gold; fine gold; kundana fine gold.Tu. kundaṇa pure gold. Te. kundanamu fine gold used in very thin foils in setting precious stones; setting precious stones with fine gold. (DEDR 1725).
Pictorial hieroglyph-multiplex: kuThi 'twig' Rebus: kuThi 'smelter'
kuṁḍa 'cluster' rebus: (अग्नि-)कुण्ड, (agni-) kuṇḍa 'fire-pit'. kuṇḍa -- 1 : S.kcch. kūṇḍho m. ʻ flower -- pot ʼ, kūnnī f. ʻ small earthen pot ʼ; WPah.kṭg. kv́ṇḍh m. ʻ pit or vessel used for an oblation with fire into which barley etc. is thrown ʼ; J. kũḍ m. ʻ pool, deep hole in a stream ʼ; Brj. kū̃ṛo m., °ṛī f. ʻ pot ʼ.(CDIAL 3264)
Glyph: clump between the two horns: kuṇḍa n. ʻ clump ʼ e.g. darbha-- kuṇḍa-- Pāṇ.(CDIAL 3236). kundār turner (A.)(CDIAL 3295). kuṇḍa n. ʻ clump ʼ e.g. darbha-- kuṇḍa-- Pāṇ. [← Drav. (Tam. koṇṭai ʻ tuft of hair ʼ, Kan. goṇḍe ʻ cluster ʼ, &c.) T. Burrow BSOAS xii 374] Pk. kuṁḍa-- n. ʻ heap of crushed sugarcane stalks ʼ (CDIAL 3266) Ta. koṇtai tuft, dressing of hair in large coil on the head, crest of a bird, head (as of a nail), knob (as of a cane), round top. Ma. koṇṭa tuft of hair. Ko.goṇḍ knob on end of walking-stick, head of pin; koṇḍ knot of hair at back of head. To. kwïḍy Badaga woman's knot of hair at back of head (< Badaga koṇḍe). Ka. koṇḍe, goṇḍe tuft, tassel, cluster. Koḍ. koṇḍe tassels of sash, knob-like foot of cane-stem. Tu. goṇḍè topknot, tassel, cluster. Te. koṇḍe, (K. also) koṇḍi knot of hair on the crown of the head. Cf. 2049 Ta. koṭi. / Cf. Skt. kuṇḍa- clump (e.g. darbha-kuṇḍa-), Pkt. (DNM) goṇḍī- = mañjarī-; Turner, CDIAL, no. 3266; cf. also Mar. gōḍā cluster, tuft. (DEDR 2081) kuṇḍī = crooked buffalo horns (L.) rebus: kuṇḍī = chief of village. kuṇḍi-a = village headman; leader of a village (Pkt.lex.) I.e. śreṇi jet.t.ha chief of metal-worker guild. koḍ 'horns'; rebus: koḍ 'artisan's workshop' (G.) Thus the entire glyphic composition of hieroglyphs on m1181 seal is a message conveyed from a sodagor 'merchant, trader'. The bill of lading lists a variety of repertoire of the artisan guild's trade load from a mint -- the native metal and brass workshop of blacksmith (guild) with furnace: aḍar kuṭhi 'native metal furnace'; soḍu 'fireplace'; sekra 'bell-metal and brass worker'; aya sal 'iron (metal) workshop'.
Thus, the horned crown is read together as: taṭṭār 'brass worker' PLUS kuṇḍa 'fire-pit'.
Hieroglyph: Tor. miṇḍ 'ram', miṇḍā́l 'markhor' (CDIAL 10310) Rebus: meḍ 'iron' (Ho.); med 'copper' (Slavic) kuṁḍa -- n. ʻ heap of crushed sugarcane stalks ʼ(Prakritam) Rebus: (agni-)kuṇḍa 'fire-pit'. dula 'pair' rebus: dul 'cast metal' Thus, cast iron.
maṇḍā ‘raised platform, stool’ Rebus: maṇḍā ‘warehouse’.
The person is seated in penance: kamaḍha 'penance' (Pkt.) Rebus: kammaṭi a coiner (Ka.); kampaṭṭam coinage, coin, mint (Ta.) kammaṭa = mint, gold furnace (Te.) Thus, the over-arching message of the inscription composed of many hieroglyphs (of glyphic elements) thus is a description of the offerings of a 'mint or coiner (workshop with a golf furnace)'.Thus, together the person seated in penance PLUS platform read: kammaṭa maṇḍā 'mint warehouse'.
kuṇḍī = crooked buffalo horns (L.) Rebus: kuṇḍī = chief of village. kuṇḍi-a = village headman; leader of a village (Pkt.lex.) I.e. śreṇi jeṭṭha chief of metal-worker guild.
dula 'pair' rebus: dul 'metal casting'. Thus, two hayricks and two markhors relate to 1. metalcasting furnace; and 2. copper/iron metal castings meḍ kuṁḍa 'iron furnace or fire-altar'.
There is also a semantic reinforcement: on seal m0304, stacks of hay signify mēṭa 'stack of hay' which are phonetic determinants of the platform, raised place: mēṭa 'raised place'. Rebus reading is: mẽṛhẽt, meḍ 'iron (metal)''copper' (Slavic languages).
Atharva Veda व्रात्य Vrātya is Rudra;
Hieroglyph: Pk. kuṁḍa -- n. ʻ heap of crushed sugarcane stalks ʼ; WPah. bhal. kunnū m. ʻ large heap of a mown crop ʼ; N. kunyũ ʻ large heap of grain or straw ʼ, baṛ -- kũṛo ʻ cluster of berries ʼ.
Rebus: कुण्ड [p=289,3]kuṇḍa a round hole in the ground (for receiving and preserving water or fire cf. अग्नि-कुण्ड) , pit , well , spring or basin of water (especially consecrated to some holy purpose or person) MBh. R. &c; n. [अस् m. L. ] , a bowl-shaped vessel , basin , bowl , pitcher , pot , water-pot Ka1tyS3r. MBh.&c;कुण्डी f. ( Pa1n2. 4-1 , 42) a bowl , pitcher , pot Hcat. Prasannar.; कुण्ड n. ifc. a clump (e.g. दर्भ-क्° , a clump of दर्भ grass) Pa1n2. 6-2 , 13
Glyphics of shoggy, brisltles of hair on the face of the person: Shoggy hair; tiger’s mane. sodo bodo, sodro bodro adj. adv. rough, hairy, shoggy, hirsute, uneven; sodo [Persian. sodā, dealing] trade; traffic; merchandise; marketing; a bargain; the purchase or sale of goods; buying and selling; mercantile dealings (G.lex.) sodagor = a merchant, trader; sodāgor (P.B.) (Santali.lex.)
Face on m0304. Frontal PLUS Two faces in profile ligatured. I do not know if this signifies TvaSTR Tris'iras or tri-dhAtumũh 'face' Rebus mũhã̄ 'iron furnace output' kolom 'three' (faces) rebus: kolimi 'smithy, forge' Horns of buffalo: rango 'buffalo' rebus: rango 'pewter' (alloy of copper, zinc, tin), hence tri-dhAtu. This could be a synonym for dhAvaD 'smelter'.
2. ḍato =claws of crab (Santali) Rebus : dhātu 'mineral ore'.
3. kāru pincers, tongs. Rebus: khār खार् 'blacksmith' (Kashmiri)
Part 2 with two hieroglyhs:
5. aya 'fish' Rebus: aya 'iron' (Gujarati); ayas 'metal' (Rigveda).PLUS khambhaṛā ʻfinʼ rebus:kammaTa 'mint, coiner, coinage'
6. PLUS kanka, karNaka 'rim of jar' rebus:karNI 'Supercargo' karNaka 'account,scribe'. Thus, this second part of the hypertext reads: Mintwork account (to) Supercargo, a representative of the ship's owner on board a merchant ship, responsible for overseeing the cargo and its sale.
Thus, seal m0304 Mohenjo-daro is a comprehensive metalwork catalogue of a mint documenting, using dharma saṁjñā 'responsibility markers or hieroglyphs, the tasks assigned to kuṇḍi-a = village headman' ; leader of a village (Pkt.lex.) i.e. śreṇi jet.t.ha chief of metal-worker guild.
This is an unambiguous, remarkable example proving that Indus Script is a knowledge system. There are over 7000 inscriptions on Indus Script Corpora detailing the technical specifications of the knowledge system which facilitated trade/exchange transactions by seafaring merchants of Meluhha.
Bi. mũh ʻ opening or hole (in a stove for stoking, in a handmill for filling, in a grainstore for withdrawing) ʼ(CDIAL 10158)
Hieroglyph: dhāˊtu 'strand' Rebus: mineral: dhāˊtu n. ʻ substance ʼ RV., m. ʻ element ʼ MBh., ʻ metal, mineral, ore (esp. of a red colour) ʼ Mn., ʻ ashes of the dead ʼ lex., ʻ *strand of rope ʼ (cf. tridhāˊtu -- ʻ threefold ʼ RV., ayugdhātu -- ʻ having an uneven number of strands ʼ KātyŚr.). [√dhā ]Pa. dhātu -- m. ʻ element, ashes of the dead, relic ʼ; KharI. dhatu ʻ relic ʼ; Pk. dhāu -- m. ʻ metal, red chalk ʼ; N. dhāu ʻ ore (esp. of copper) ʼ; Or. ḍhāu ʻ red chalk, red ochre ʼ (whence ḍhāuā ʻ reddish ʼ; M.dhāū, dhāv m.f. ʻ a partic. soft red stone ʼ (whence dhā̆vaḍ m. ʻ a caste of iron -- smelters ʼ, dhāvḍī ʻ composed of or relating to iron ʼ); -- Si. dā ʻ relic ʼ; -- S. dhāī f. ʻ wisp of fibres added from time to time to a rope that is being twisted ʼ, L. dhāī˜ f. (CDIAL 6773).
Rebus reading of the ‘face’ glyph: mũhe ‘face’ (Santali) mũh opening or hole (in a stove for stoking (Bi.); ingot (Santali) mũh metal ingot (Santali) mũhã̄ = the quantity of iron produced at one time in a native smelting furnace of the Kolhes; iron produced by the Kolhes and formed like a four-cornered piece a little pointed at each end; mūhā mẽṛhẽt = iron smelted by the Kolhes and formed into an equilateral lump a little pointed at each of four ends; kolhe tehen mẽṛhẽt ko mūhā akata = the Kolhes have to-day produced pig iron (Santali.lex.) kaula mengro ‘blacksmith’ (Gypsy) mleccha-mukha (Skt.) = milakkhu ‘copper’ (Pali) The Sanskrit loss mleccha-mukha should literally mean: copper-ingot absorbing the Santali gloss, mũh, as a suffix
Hieroglyph: karã̄ n.pl.ʻwristlets, banglesʼ.(Gujarati)S. karāī f. ʻ wrist ʼ(CDIAL 2779) Rebus: khār खार् 'blacksmith' (Kashmiri)
sekeseke, sekseke covered, as the arms with ornaments; sekra those who work in brass and bell metal; sekra sakom a kind of armlet of bell metal (Santali)
Four animals (elephant, leaping tiger, rhinoceros, buffalo) PLUS image of a standing person with spread legs surround the seated person. These five hieroglyph-multiplexes are read rebus:
1. karibha 'trunk of elephant' ibha 'elephant' rebus: karba 'iron' (Tulu) ib 'iron' (Santali)
2. kANDA 'rhinoceros' rebus: kaNDa 'implements'
3. rango 'buffalo' rebus: rango 'pewter'
4. kola 'tiger'rebus: kol 'working in iron' kolhe 'smelter' kolle 'blacksmith' kũdā kol (tiger jumping) rebus: kũdār 'turner' (Bengali) कोंद kōnda ‘engraver, lapidary setting or infixing gems’ (Marathi)Hieroglyph: కోలు (p. 0329) [ kōlu ] kōlu. [Tel.] adj. Big, great, huge పెద్ద. కోలుపులి or కోల్పులి a royal tiger. kul 'tiger' (Santali) kul 'tiger' (Santali); kōlu id. (Te.) kōlupuli = Bengal tiger (Te.)Pk. kolhuya -- , kulha -- m. ʻ jackal ʼ < *kōḍhu -- ; H.kolhā, °lā m. ʻ jackal ʼ, adj. ʻ crafty ʼ; G. kohlũ, °lũ n. ʻ jackal ʼ, M. kolhā, °lā m. krōṣṭŕ̊ ʻ crying ʼ BhP., m. ʻ jackal ʼ RV. = krṓṣṭu -- m. Pāṇ. [√kruś] Pa. koṭṭhu -- , °uka -- and kotthu -- , °uka -- m. ʻ jackal ʼ, Pk. koṭṭhu -- m.; Si. koṭa ʻ jackal ʼ, koṭiya ʻ leopard ʼ GS 42 (CDIAL 3615). कोल्हा [ kōlhā ] कोल्हें [ kōlhēṃ ] A jackal (Marathi) Rebus: kolhe 'smelter' kol 'working in iron' kolle 'blacksmith' kol ‘furnace, forge’ (Kuwi) kol ‘alloy of five metals, pañcaloha’ (Ta.)
5.meD 'body' rebus: meD 'iron' med 'copper' (Slavic) karNaka 'spread legs' rebus: karNI 'supercargo, merchant's responsible for the cargo of shipment')
Rebus readings from R. in two parts of hypertext.
Part 1 (with four hieroglyphs):
1. meḍ 'body' rebus: meḍ 'iron' med 'copper' (Slavic) karṇaka 'spread legs' rebus: karṇī 'supercargo, merchant's responsible for the cargo of shipment')
2. ḍato =claws of crab (Santali) Rebus
3. kāru pincers, tongs. Rebus: khār खार् 'blacksmith' (Kashmiri)
4. sal stake, spike, splinter, thorn, difficulty (H.); sal ‘workshop’ (Santali) PLUS Glyph of ‘rim of jar’: kárṇaka m. ʻ projection on the side of a vessel, handle ʼ ŚBr. [kárṇa -- ]Pa. kaṇṇaka -- ʻ having ears or corners ʼ; (CDIAL 2831) kaṇḍa kanka; Rebus: furnace account (scribe). kaṇḍ = fire-altar (Santali); kan = copper (Tamil) khanaka m. one who digs , digger , excavator Rebus: karanikamu. Clerkship: the office of a Karanam or clerk. (Telugu) káraṇa n. ʻ act, deed ʼ RV. [√kr̥1] Pa. karaṇa -- n. ʻdoingʼ; NiDoc. karana, kaṁraṁna ʻworkʼ; Pk. karaṇa -- n. ʻinstrumentʼ(CDIAL 2790) karNI 'Supercargo'. Thus, cargo handed/accounted from workshop account to supercargo.
Part 2 with two hieroglyhs:
5. aya 'fish' Rebus: aya 'iron' (Gujarati); ayas 'metal' (Rigveda).PLUS khambhaṛā ʻfinʼ rebus:kammaTa 'mint, coiner, coinage'
6. PLUS kanka, karNaka 'rim of jar' rebus:karNI 'Supercargo' karNaka 'account,scribe'. Thus, this second part of the hypertext reads: Mintwork account (to) Supercargo, a representative of the ship's owner on board a merchant ship, responsible for overseeing the cargo and its sale.
Thus, seal m0304 Mohenjo-daro is a comprehensive metalwork catalogue of a mint documenting, using dharma saṁjñā 'responsibility markers or hieroglyphs, the tasks assigned to kuṇḍi-a = village headman' ; leader of a village (Pkt.lex.) i.e. śreṇi jet.t.ha chief of metal-worker guild.
This is an unambiguous, remarkable example proving that Indus Script is a knowledge system. There are over 7000 inscriptions on Indus Script Corpora detailing the technical specifications of the knowledge system which facilitated trade/exchange transactions by seafaring merchants of Meluhha.
muhã ʻ face, mouth, head, person ʼ Rebus: mũhã̄ 'the quantity of iron produced at one time in a native furnace' PLUS kolom 'three' rebus: kolimi 'smithy, forge'. Thus, the three faces signify iron of a smithy/forge. Thanks to RS Kshatriya for the exquisite drawing of the face on m0304 seal. The entire Indus Script Inscription on m0304 is a metalwork wealth-accounting ledger of Meluhha artisans including śrēṣṭhin 'guild-master' signified by a squirrel on other inscriptions. See decipherment in the context of the Indus Script Corpora examples at Decipherment of Indus Script Inscription on a Louvre Cylinder seal, made in Meluhha, of śrēṣṭhin 'guild-master'
https://tinyurl.com/y2f72xda Some decipherments like Sullivan's read the script as syllabic. Maybe, they have to relate deeply into the pictorial narratives which are 'meaningful'. The script is NOT syllabic, it is logosemantic in Meluhha, Indian sprachbund, 'language union'.
https://tinyurl.com/y2f72xda Some decipherments like Sullivan's read the script as syllabic. Maybe, they have to relate deeply into the pictorial narratives which are 'meaningful'. The script is NOT syllabic, it is logosemantic in Meluhha, Indian sprachbund, 'language union'.
Thanks to RS Kshatriya for the exquisite drawing of the face on m0304 seal.
The three faces signify three ingots: mũh 'a face' rebus: mũhe 'ingot', mũhã̄ = the quantity of iron produced at one time in a native smelting furnace of the Kolhes, 'smelters'. (Santali) PLUS kolom 'three' rebus: kolimi 'smithy,forge'. Thus, a smithy, forge to produce three ingots from three mineral ores: copper, tin, zinc; or, three ferrite ore minerls of magnetite, haematite, and laterite.
http://tinyurl.com/gu746pj
त्वष्ट [p= 464,1] mfn. ( √ त्वक्ष्) = तष्ट L. तष्ट [p= 441,2]mfn. ( √ तक्ष्) pared , hewn , made thin L.fashioned , formed in mind , produced RV. AV. xi , 1 , 23विभ्व-तष्ट्/अ. तष्टृ [p= 441,2] m. a carpenter , builder of chariots RV. i , 61 , 4 ; 105 , 18 ; 130 , 4 ii f. , vii , xविश्व-कर्मन् (cf. त्व्/अष्टृ) L. N. of one of the 12 आदित्यs L.
ترکانړ tarkāṟṟṉ, s.m. (5th) A carpenter. Pl. ترکانړان tarkāṟṟṉān. (Panjābī).دروزګر darūz-gar, s.m. (5th) A carpenter, a joiner. Pl. دروزګران darūzgarān (corrup. of P درود گر ). (Pashto) tŏrka त्वर्क in tŏrka-chān त्वर्क-छान् । कौटतक्षः m. a private carpenter, a village carpenter who works on his own account, a cabinet maker (H. vii, 17, 2); cf. chān 1.-chān-bāy -छान्-बाय् । स्वतन्त्रतक्षस्त्री f. his wife.-chönil -छा&above;निल् । कौटतक्षता f.(Kashmiri) Thapati [Vedic sthapati, to sthā+pati] 1. a builder, master carpenter M i.396=S iv.223; M iii.144, <-> 2. officer, overseer S v.348. (Pali)
Head gear: Hieroglyph: taTThAr 'buffalo horn' Rebus: taTTAr 'brass worker';
tatara 'smelter' (Japanese) < ṭhaṭṭhāra 'brass worker' (Prakritam) (< is indicated as a possibile transfer mode in language contacts for metalwork technical gloss.)
The face of the seated person is an enigma. Does the artist intend to show three faces as for TvaSTR tris'iras? Or, does the artist intend to focus on strands of facial hair or wisps -- dhāī f. ʻ wisp of fibres added from time to time to a rope that is being twisted ʼ, dhāī˜ f. (Sindhi.Lahnda)(CDIAL 6773) Rebus: dhāū, dhāv m.f. ʻ a partic. soft red stone ʼ (whence dhā̆vaḍ m. ʻ a caste of iron -- smelters ʼ, dhāvḍī ʻ composed of or relating to iron ʼ)(Marathi)?
I suggest that the orthography signifies both conjectures: three faces, hairy face. In the overall context of the hieroglyph-hypertexts constituting the m0304 inscription, the hytext signifies a metalwork description:
For e.g.,
Orthography of face of seated person on seal m0304 tvaṣṭṛ, ṭhaṭṭhāra 'smelter, brassworker', hypertexts on Indus Script Corpora signify iron smelters
I suggest that orthography of face of seated person on seal m0304 signifies tvaṣṭṛ, ṭhaṭṭhāra 'smelter, brassworker', so do similar hypertexts on Indus Script Corpora signify iron smelters as seen from inscriptions presented in this note.
Rigveda textual evidence reinforces the possibility that the orthography also indicates three faces on the seated person. Rigveda describes tvaṣṭṛ as tri-s'iras 'three-headed' and the artist who signifies such a person seated in penance attempts to signify three faces of tvaṣṭṛ ṭhaṭṭhāra 'smelter, brassworker' as tri-s'iras consistent with the Vedic tradition.
The underlying assumption in chronology of the Indus Script Corpora and Vedic texts is that the Vedic texts predate the Indus Script Corpora by ca. two or three millennia, given the language evidences argued forcefully for example see: http://bharatkalyan97.blogspot.in/2015/02/date-of-rigveda-ca-5th-millennium-bce.html
The hieroglyph above the leaping, running tiger: karNika 'spread legs' rebus: karNIka 'helmsman'. Thus, the top 5 animal hieroglyphs signify a helmsman (seafaring merchant) handling the cargo of: karibha 'elephant' rebus: karba 'iron' kANDa 'rhinoceros' rebus: kaNDa 'implements', rango 'buffalo' rebus: rango 'pewter', kola 'tiger' rebus: kolhe'smelter'. The pair of antelopes or markhors on the base platform signify: miṇḍāl ‘markhor’ (Tōrwālī) meḍho a ram, a sheep (G.)(CDIAL 10120); rebus: mẽṛhẽt, meḍ ‘iron’ (Mu.Ho.) PLUS dula 'pair' rebus: dul 'metal casting'. kundavum = manger, a hayrick (Gujarati.) Rebus: kundār turner (Assamese).maṇḍā 'raised platform, stool' Rebus: maṇḍā 'warehouse'.
त्वष्ट [p= 464,1] mfn. ( √ त्वक्ष्) = तष्ट L. तष्ट [p= 441,2]mfn. ( √ तक्ष्) pared , hewn , made thin L.fashioned , formed in mind , produced RV. AV. xi , 1 , 23विभ्व-तष्ट्/अ. तष्टृ [p= 441,2] m. a carpenter , builder of chariots RV. i , 61 , 4 ; 105 , 18 ; 130 , 4 ii f. , vii , xविश्व-कर्मन् (cf. त्व्/अष्टृ) L. N. of one of the 12 आदित्यs L. தொட்டா toṭṭā, n. < TvaṣṭāTvaṣṭṛ. One of tuvātacātittar, q.v.; துவாத சாதித்தருள் ஒருவன்.நள்ளிரு ளெறிதொட்டா (கூர்மபு. ஆதவர்சிறப். 2). துவட்டர் tuvaṭṭar , n. < tvaṣṭṛ. Artificers, smiths; சிற்பியர். (சூடா.) துவட்டன் tuvaṭṭaṉ , n. < Tvaṣṭṛ. A deity representing the sun, one of the tuvātacātittar, q.v.; துவாதசாதித்தருள் ஒருவன். (திவா.) துவட்டா tuvaṭṭā, n. < TvaṣṭāTvaṣṭṛ. Višvakarmā, the architect of the gods; தெய்வத்தச்சனாகிய விசுவகருமா. துவட்டா வீன்ற தனயன் (திருவிளை. இந்திரன்பழி. 8). 11) త్వష్ట (p. 573) tvaṣṭa tvashṭa. [Skt.] n. A carpenter, వడ్లవాడు. The maker of the universe. విశ్వకర్త. One of the 12 Adityas, ద్వాదశాదిత్యులలో నొకడు.
Head gear: Hieroglyph: taTThAr 'buffalo horn' Rebus: taTTAr 'brass worker';
tatara 'smelter' (Japanese) < ṭhaṭṭhāra 'brass worker' (Prakritam) (< is indicated as a possibile transfer mode in language contacts for metalwork technical gloss.)
"The tatara (鑪?) is the traditional Japanese furnace used for smelting iron and steel. The word later also came to mean the entire building housing the furnace...tatara is foreign to Japan, originating in India or Central Asia...Tokutaro Yasuda suggests that the word may be from the Sanskrit word taatara, meaning "heat," noting that the Sanskrit word for steel is sekeraa, which is very similar to the word used in Japan for the steel bloom which the tatara produces..."
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The dissemination of iron-manufacturing technology to Japan |
*ṭhaṭṭh ʻ strike ʼ. [Onom.?]N. ṭhaṭāunu ʻ to strike, beat ʼ, ṭhaṭāi ʻ striking ʼ, ṭhaṭāk -- ṭhuṭuk ʻ noise of beating ʼ; H.ṭhaṭhānā ʻ to beat ʼ, ṭhaṭhāī f. ʻ noise of beating ʼ.(CDIAL 5490)
தட்டான்¹ taṭṭāṉ, n. < தட்டு-. [M. taṭṭān.] Gold or silver smith, one of 18 kuṭimakkaḷ, q. v.; பொற்கொல்லன். (திவா.) Te. taṭravã̄ḍu goldsmith or silversmith. Cf. Turner,CDIAL, no. 5490, *ṭhaṭṭh- to strike; no. 5493, *ṭhaṭṭhakāra- brassworker; √ taḍ, no. 5748, tāˊḍa- a blow; no. 5752, tāḍáyati strikes.
*ṭhaṭṭha ʻ brass ʼ. [Onom. from noise of hammering brass? -- N. ṭhaṭṭar ʻ an alloy of copper and bell metal ʼ. *ṭhaṭṭhakāra ʻ brass worker ʼ. 2. *ṭhaṭṭhakara -- 1. Pk. ṭhaṭṭhāra -- m., K. ṭhö̃ṭhur m., S. ṭhã̄ṭhāro m., P. ṭhaṭhiār, °rā m.2. P. ludh. ṭhaṭherā m., Ku. ṭhaṭhero m., N. ṭhaṭero, Bi. ṭhaṭherā, Mth. ṭhaṭheri, H. ṭhaṭherā m.(CDIAL 5491, 5493)
*ṭhaṭṭha ʻ brass ʼ. [Onom. from noise of hammering brass? -- N. ṭhaṭṭar ʻ an alloy of copper and bell metal ʼ. *ṭhaṭṭhakāra ʻ brass worker ʼ. 2. *ṭhaṭṭhakara -- 1. Pk. ṭhaṭṭhāra -- m., K. ṭhö̃ṭhur m., S. ṭhã̄ṭhāro m., P. ṭhaṭhiār, °rā m.2. P. ludh. ṭhaṭherā m., Ku. ṭhaṭhero m., N. ṭhaṭero, Bi. ṭhaṭherā, Mth. ṭhaṭheri, H. ṭhaṭherā m.(CDIAL 5491, 5493)
Tatta1 [pp. of tapati] heated, hot, glowing; of metals: in a melted state (cp. uttatta) Aii.122≈(tattena talena osiñcante, as punishment); Dh 308 (ayoguḷa); J ii.352 (id.); iv.306 (tattatapo "of red -- hot heat," i. e. in severe self -- torture); Miln 26, 45 (adv. red -- hot); PvA 221 (tatta -- lohasecanaŋ the pouring over of glowing copper, one of the punishments in Niraya).(Pali)
தட்டுமுட்டு taṭṭu-muṭṭu, n. Redupl. of தட்டு² [T. M. Tu. taṭṭumuṭṭu.] 1. Furniture, goods and chattels, articles of various kinds; வீட்டுச்சாமான்கள். தட்டுமுட்டு விற்று மாற்றாது (பணவிடு. 225). 2. Apparatus, tools, instruments, utensils; கருவி கள். 3. Luggage, baggage; மூட்டைகள். (W.)Ta. taṭṭumuṭṭu furniture, goods and chattels, utensils, luggage. Ma. taṭṭumuṭṭu kitchen utensils, household stuff. Tu. taṭṭimuṭṭu id.(DEDR 3041)
The face of the seated person is an enigma. Does the artist intend to show three faces as for TvaSTR tris'iras? Or, does the artist intend to focus on strands of facial hair or wisps -- dhāī f. ʻ wisp of fibres added from time to time to a rope that is being twisted ʼ, dhāī˜ f. (Sindhi.Lahnda)(CDIAL 6773) Rebus: dhāū, dhāv m.f. ʻ a partic. soft red stone ʼ (whence dhā̆vaḍ m. ʻ a caste of iron -- smelters ʼ, dhāvḍī ʻ composed of or relating to iron ʼ)(Marathi)?
I suggest that the orthography signifies both conjectures: three faces, hairy face. In the overall context of the hieroglyph-hypertexts constituting the m0304 inscription, the hytext signifies a metalwork description:
For e.g.,
Hieroglyph: karã̄ n.pl.ʻwristlets, banglesʼ.(Gujarati)S. karāī f. ʻ wrist ʼ(CDIAL 2779) Rebus: khār खार् 'blacksmith' (Kashmiri)
khār खार् । लोहकारः m. (sg. abl. khāra 1 खार; the pl. dat. of this word is khāran 1 खारन्, which is to be distinguished from khāran 2, q.v., s.v.), a blacksmith, an iron worker (cf. bandūka-khār, p. 111b,l. 46; K.Pr. 46; H. xi, 17); a farrier (El.). This word is often a part of a name, and in such case comes at the end (W. 118) as in Wahab khār, Wahab the smith (H. ii, 12; vi, 17). khāra-basta
khāra-basta खार-बस््त । चर्मप्रसेविका f. the skin bellows of a blacksmith. -büṭhü -ब&above;ठू&below; । लोहकारभित्तिः f. the wall of a blacksmith's furnace or hearth. -bāy -बाय् । लोहकारपत्नी f. a blacksmith's wife (Gr.Gr. 34). -dŏkuru -द्वकुरु&below; । लोहकारायोघनः m. a blacksmith's hammer, a sledge-hammer. -gȧji -ग&above;जि&below; or -güjü -ग&above;जू&below; । लोहकारचुल्लिः f. a blacksmith's furnace or hearth. -hāl -हाल् । लोहकारकन्दुः f. (sg. dat. -höjü -हा&above;जू&below;), a blacksmith's smelting furnace; cf. hāl 5. -kūrü -कूरू&below; । लोहकारकन्या f. a blacksmith's daughter. -koṭu -क&above;टु&below; । लोहकारपुत्रः m. the son of a blacksmith, esp. a skilful son, who can work at the same profession. -küṭü -क&above;टू&below; । लोहकारकन्या f. a blacksmith's daughter, esp. one who has the virtues and qualities properly belonging to her father's profession or caste. -më˘ʦü 1 -म्य&above;च&dotbelow;ू&below; । लोहकारमृत्तिका f. (for 2, see [khāra 3] ), 'blacksmith's earth,' i.e. iron-ore. -nĕcyuwu -न्यचिवु&below; । लोहकारात्मजः m. a blacksmith's son. -nay -नय् । लोहकारनालिका f. (for khāranay 2, see [khārun] ), the trough into which the blacksmith allows melted iron to flow after smelting. -ʦañĕ -च्&dotbelow;ञ । लोहकारशान्ताङ्गाराः f.pl. charcoal used by blacksmiths in their furnaces. -wān वान् । लोहकारापणः m. a blacksmith's shop, a forge, smithy (K.Pr. 3). -waṭh -वठ् । आघाताधारशिला m. (sg. dat. -waṭas -वटि), the large stone used by a blacksmith as an anvil.(Kashmiri)
Hieroglyph: seated person in penance: kamaḍha 'penance' (Pkt.) Rebus: kammaṭi a coiner (Ka.); kampaṭṭam coinage, coin, mint (Ta.) kammaṭa = mint, gold furnace (Te.)
In the same refrain, it is suggested that the face of the seated person as hypertext signifies the following:
Hieroglyph: body hair: Ash. dro ʻ woman's hair ʼ, Kt. drū, Wg.drū, drū̃; Pr. ḍui ʻ a hair ʼ; Kho. dro(h) ʻ hair ʼ, (Lor.) ʻ hair (of animal), body hair (human) ʼ: → Orm. dra, drī IIFL i 392 (semant. cf. Psht. pal ʻ fringe of hair over forehead ʼ < *pata -- )(CDIAL 6623)
Rebus: smelter (three) ferrite ores: dhāu 'metal' dhā̆vaḍ 'smelter': dhāˊtu n. ʻ substance ʼ RV., m. ʻ element ʼ MBh., ʻ metal, mineral, ore (esp. of a red colour) ʼ Mn., ʻ ashes of the dead ʼ lex., ʻ *strand of rope ʼ (cf. tridhāˊtu -- ʻ threefold ʼ RV., ayugdhātu -- ʻ having an uneven number of strands ʼ KātyŚr.). [√dhā]Pa. dhātu -- m. ʻ element, ashes of the dead, relic ʼ; KharI. dhatu ʻ relic ʼ; Pk. dhāu -- m. ʻ metal, red chalk ʼ; N. dhāu ʻ ore (esp. of copper) ʼ; Or.ḍhāu ʻ red chalk, red ochre ʼ (whence ḍhāuā ʻ reddish ʼ; M. dhāū, dhāv m.f. ʻ a partic. soft red stone ʼ (whence dhā̆vaḍ m. ʻ a caste of iron -- smelters ʼ, dhāvḍī ʻ composed of or relating to iron ʼ); -- Si. dā ʻ relic ʼ; -- S. dhāī f. ʻ wisp of fibres added from time to time to a rope that is being twisted ʼ, L. dhāī˜ f. (CDIAL 6773)
I suggest that three faces signify three ferrite ores: magnetite, haematite, laterite. All the three ferrite ores are signified on Indus Script Corpora: poLa 'zebu' rebus: poLa 'magnetite ore', bicha 'scorpion' rebus: bicha 'haematite ore',
Dotted ovarl hieroglyph: goTa 'round' rebus 1: goTa 'laterite ore';rebus 2: khoTa 'ingot'.