-- Audumbara coins with Indus Script hypertexts of rājanya gaṇa -- राजन्य kingly, princely, royal (R̥gveda), name of अग्नि or Fire
"They are the same people as the Odemboerce of Pliny. Hist Nat VI 23. Professor Lassen mentions them as the name of the people of Kutch of Gujarat state. They appear in the Gaṇapāṭha of Panini of 5th Century B.C. K K Das Gupta has attempted to show that they existed even in Brahmana period. They were enterprising people having prosperous trade and commerce...Their capital was Kotesvara or Kachchhesvara...(Ancient India, from the earliest times to the first century, A.D by Rapson, E. J. p.154 )Kotesvara was a celebrated place of pilgrimage on the western shore of Kachh, close to Indus and to the great ocean. It is on the bank of Kori branch of Indus." Dholavira is referred to Kotda village. Could this be Kotesvara of 3rd millennium BCE?
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audumbaras
Silver coin of a "King Vr̥ṣṇi" of the Audumbaras.Obv Pillar with half-lion and half-elephant, surmounted by a Triratna symbol and surrounded by Buddhist railing. Indian legend Vr̥ṣṇi Raja jnâgaṇyasya blubharasya
Rev Large Dharmachakra symbol. Arian legend Vr̥ṣṇi Rāja jnâganyasya blubharasya.
Source: Alexander Cunningham's Coins of Ancient India: From the Earliest Times Down to the Seventh Century (1891) p.70).
Vr̥ṣṇi Janapada coin with hieroglyphs of iron mint and cakra. Harappa Script hieroglyphs on coins from Ancient Bharata mints. Unraveling pāradān 'mercury traders'& śrivatsa metaphor on coins and Bharhut/Sanchi sculptural friezes.
Spread & significance of Harappa Script hieroglyphs and profiles of metalworkers of Bharata on Bharhut and Sanchi friezes. It is demonstrated by systematic data ininining that all the hieroglyphs/hypertexts on ancient coins of Bharata are knowledge discovery of the tradition of Harappa Script cipher to render in rebus Meluhha, metalwork catalogues, documing the contributions of artisans/seafaring merchants to Bronze Age Revolution.
वृष्णि is a term in Rigveda. A Vr̥ṣṇi silver coin from Alexander Cunningham's Coins of Ancient India: From the Earliest Times Down to the Seventh Century (1891) (loc.cit., Lahiri, Bela (1974). Indigenous States of Northern India (Circa 200 B.C.E to 320 C.E.), Calcutta: University of Calcutta, pp.242 3). वृष्णि [p= 1013,2] वृष्ण्/इ or व्/ऋष्णि, mfn. manly , strong , powerful , mighty RV.m. a ram VS. TS. S3Br.m. a bull L.m. a ray of light L.m. N. of शिव MBh.m. of विष्णु-कृष्ण L.m.of इन्द्र L.m. of अग्नि L.m. pl. N. of a tribe or family (from which कृष्ण is descended , = यादव or माधव ; often mentioned together with the अन्धकs) MBh. Hariv. &cn. N. of a सामन् A1rshBr. (Monier-Williams)
An identical ancient silver coin (perhaps produced from the same ancient mint) of Vr̥ṣṇi janapada ca. 10 CE with kharoṣṭhī, Brahmi inscriptions and Harappa Script hieroglyphs was sold in an auction in Ahmedabad (August 2016) for Rs. 27 lakhs. In fact, the treasure is priceless and defines the heritage of Bhāratam Janam, 'metalcaster folk' dating back to the 7th millennium of Vedic culture. It signifies a spoked wheel which is the centre-piece of Bharat's national flag. I suggest that the successful bidder in Ahmedabad auction should volunteer to donate it to the National Museum, Janpath, New Delhi as a treasure to be cherished by the present and future generations of Bhāratam Janam.
It is a composite animal with ligatured elephant-tiger pictorial motifs. It signifies a skambha topped by a pair of fish-fins (khambhaṛā 'fish-fin' rebus: kammaṭa 'mint'.). It is a tiger (kola 'tiger' rebus: kol'blacksmith'). It is an elephant (karba, ibha 'elephant' rebus: karba, ib 'iron' ibbo 'merchant'). It is a yupawith caṣāla signifying a Soma samsthā Yāga. It is a cakra, a vajra in Vedic tradition (eraka 'nave of wheel' rebus: erako 'moltencast' eraka, arka 'copper, gold').arā 'spokes' rebus: āra 'brass' kund opening in the nave or hub of a wheel to admit the axle (
सांगड sāṅgaḍa 'joined animal', rebus: sangaDa ‘lathe’ sanghaṭṭana ‘bracelet’ rebus 1: .sanghāṭa ‘raft’ sAngaDa ‘catamaran, double-canoe’rebusčaṇṇāḍam (Tu. ജംഗാല, Port. Jangada). Ferryboat, junction of 2 boats, also rafts. 2 jangaḍia 'military guard accompanying treasure into the treasury' ചങ്ങാതം čaṇṇāδam (Tdbh.; സംഘാതം) 1. Convoy, guard; responsible Nāyar guide through foreign territories. rebus 3: जाकड़ ja:kaṛ जांगड़ jāngāḍ‘entrustment note’ जखडणें tying up (as a beast to a stake) rebus 4: sanghāṭa ‘accumulation, collection’ rebus 5. sangaDa ‘portable furnace, brazier’ rebus 6: sanghAta ‘adamantine glue‘ rebus 7: sangara ‘fortification’ rebus 8: sangara ‘proclamation’ 9: samgraha, samgaha 'arranger, manager'.
On the VRSNi coin, tiger and elephant are joined to create a composite hyperext. This is Harappa Script orthographic cipher.
Vr̥ṣṇi Silver Coin Realises A Whopping Rs. 27-Lakhs in Ahmedabad Auction
10 Aug 2016 Wed
A beautiful silver drachm issued by the Republic of Vr̥ṣṇi People between 10 and 40 CE was auctioned off by Classical Numismatic Gallery at the Coin and Currency Fair that was held between August 5th and 7th at Ahmedabad.
The obverse of this rare silver coin bears a standard topped by a nandipada finial with an elephant’s head and the forepart of a leaping lion below it in an ornamental railing. The Brahmi legend reads “(Vr)shni Rājana Gaṇasya Tratarasya”. The reverse bears an ornate 14-spoked wheel with a scalloped outer rim along with the legend in Kharoshthi which reads “Vrshni Rajana Gaṇasa (Trata)...”
While Classical Numismatic Gallery estimated the price between Rs. 1 Lakh and Rs. 1.5 Lakh, the final price realised in the auction was a jaw-dropping Rs. 27 Lakhs!
राजन्य m. pl. N. of a partic. family of warriors (वराह-मिहिर 's बृहत्-संहिता) Name of अग्नि or Fire (उणादि-सूत्र, Sāyaṇa)
| गण troops or classes of inferior deities (especially certain troops of demi-gods considered as शिव's attendants and under the special superintendence of the god गणे*श ; cf. -देवता) Mn. Ya1jn5. Lalit. &c; m. a flock , troop , multitude , number , tribe , series , class (of animate or inanimate beings) , body of followers or attendants RV. AV. |
Republic of the Vr̥ṣṇi Peoples (10-40AD), Silver Drachm, MIGIS Type 928 variation, 2.15g. Obv: Standard, topped by a Nandipada finial and an elephant's head and forepart of a leaping lion below it, in an ornamental railing; Brahmi legend (Vr̥ṣṇi Rājaña Gaṇasya Tratarasya (वृ)ष्णी राजञ गणस्य त्रतरस्य reading anticlockwise outwards below. Rev: Ornate 14-spoked wheel with scalloped outer rim; Kharoshthi legend from 3 o'clock to 9 o'clock "The Vr̥ṣṇis were known to Panini and to Kautilya; the latter describes them as a Sangha. In the Mahabharata they are counted amongst the Vratya brotherhood of Kshatriyas. As one of the Yadava clans they are closely associated with Krishna in myth and lore. It is said that they migrated to Dwaraka from Mathura, after Krishna's capital was besieged by the demon Kalayavana. The reference to 'Yavana' here and the subsequent migration from Mathura may have had some historical basis" The coins of the Vr̥ṣṇis are by far the rarest of the so-called 'Tribal' coins of India. Only one silver specimen, from the Alexander Cunningham collection, is known to exist in the British Museum and has been published by Mitchiner as Type 928 in MIGIS. http://classicalnumismaticgallery.com/advancesearch.aspx
Three hour-glass shaped vajra-s are shown in a cartouche below the yupa on the coin. Normally Vajrapani is shown such a vajra which has octagonal edges. kolom'three' rebus: kolimi, kole.l 'smithy, forge' kole.l 'temple'It is a record of the performance of a Soma samsthā Yāga. It is Vr̥ṣṇi Janapada coin of ca. 10 CE.Cakra, pavi in Vedic tradition is also
a vajra. Rudra is vajrabāhu 'vajra weapon wielder'; said also of Agni and Indra.
वज्र [p=913,1] mn. " the hard or mighty one " , a thunderbolt (esp. that of इन्द्र , said to have been formed out of the bones of the ऋषि दधीच or दधीचि [q.v.] , and shaped like a circular discus , or in later times regarded as having the form of two transverse bolts crossing each other thus x ; sometimes also applied to similar weapons used by various gods or superhuman beings , or to any mythical weapon destructive of spells or charms , also to मन्यु , " wrath "RV. or [with अपाम्] to a jet of water AV. &c ; also applied to a thunderbolt in general or to the lightning evolved from the centrifugal energy of the circular thunderbolt of इन्द्र when launched at a foe ; in Northern Buddhist countries it is shaped like a dumb-bell and called Dorje ; » MWB. 201 ; 322 &c ) RV. &c; a diamond (thought to be as hard as the thunderbolt or of the same substance with it) , Shad2vBr. Mn. MBh. &c; m. a kind of column or pillar VarBr2S.; m. a kind of hard mortar or cement (कल्क) VarBr2S. (cf. -लेप); n. a kind of hard iron or steel (Monier-Williams)
British Museum. 2nd cent. Hoshiarpur, Punjab.On some sculptural friezes, the 'fish-fin' hypertext is ligatured to the tip of the spokes of the wheel emanating
from the dotted circle. This signifies: ayo 'fish' rebus: ayas 'metal' aya 'iron'.
PLUS khambhaṛā 'fish-fin' rebus: kammaTa 'mint, coiner, coinage'.
Bhaja Chaitya ca. 100 BCE. Hieroglyphs are: fish-fin pair; pine-cone; yupa: kandə ʻpine' rebus: kaṇḍa 'implements, fire-altar' khambhaṛā 'fish-fin' (Lahnda CDIAL 13640) Ta. kampaṭṭam, kammaṭa 'mint, coiner, coinage'. Yupa: Or. kāṇḍa, kã̄ṛ ʻstalk, arrow ʼ(CDIAL 3023). Rebus: kāṇḍa,'implements'.Ligature to 'mintwork' signifier is also shown on the wheel sculptural friezes of Amaravati -- spokes are ligatured on their tips with 'fish-fins' joined together:ayo kammaTa 'iron mintwork' ayo 'fish' PLUS khambhaṛā 'fish-fin'.;
Amaravati sculpturel friezes: cakra with ligatures.
Elaborate orthography on sanchi stupa relates the spoked wheel to 'fish-fin' hypertext (mintwork) and also to tAmarasa 'lotus' rebus: tAmra 'copper'.1. dotted circle
2. arrow (three)
3. twist (three) Some examples replace the 'twist' with 'buns-shaped ingots'. Thus, total six hypertexts emanate from dotted circle as spokes.
Four components of hypertext are read rebus in Meluhha:
1. Dotted circle is a Harappa Script hieroglyph and signifies a 'strand' of rope. dhāī˜ 'strand' rebus: dhāu'soft red stone, element'(ferrite ore)
2. Twist is: मेढा mēḍhā A twist or tangle arising in thread or cord, a curl or snarl. (Marathi) Rebus: meḍ ‘iron’(Ho.) med 'copper' (Slavic languages) medha 'yajña, dhanam'. mũh 'face' (Hindi) rebus: mũhe 'ingot' (Santali) mũhã̄ = the quantity of iron produced at one time in a native smelting furnace of the Kolhes; iron produced by the Kolhes and formed like a four-cornered piece a little pointed at each end; mūhā mẽṛhẽt = iron smelted by the Kolhes and formed into an equilateral lump a little pointed at each of four ends;kolhe tehen mẽṛhẽt ko mūhā akata = the Kolhes have to-day produced pig iron (Santali).
4.. Hieroglyph: Or. kāṇḍa, kã̄ṛ ʻstalk, arrow ʼ(CDIAL 3023). Rebus: kāṇḍa,'implements'.
Connection to a rope imagery is seen here: 'strand' of rope. dhāī˜ 'strand' rebus: dhāu 'soft red stone, element'(ferrite ore) PLUS मेढा mēḍhā A twist or tangle arising in thread or cord, a curl or snarl. (Marathi) Rebus: meḍ ‘iron’(Ho.) Thus, the signifiers are: meD dhAtu 'iron element' PLUS ayo khambhaṛā 'fish-fin' rebus:aya kammaTa 'iron mint'. Eight spokes relate to अष्टाश्रि yūpo bhavati 'eight-corneres yupa' of a Soma Samsthā yāga
Thus, together, the hypertext of dotted circle linked to six spokes as the चषालः caṣāla or cakra signifies a weapon with multiple prongs orthographed by sculptors and mintworkers who punched symbols on punch-marked coins. The arrows and twists thus signify: implements and furnaced ingots of dhatu'(ferrite) minerals'.
Santali glosses
Hieroglyph: S. dhāī f. ʻ wisp of fibres added from time to time to a rope that is being twisted ʼ, L. dhāī˜ f.(CDIAL 6773).
Rebus: Pk. dhāu -- m. ʻ metal, red chalk ʼ; N. dhāu ʻ ore (esp. of copper) ʼ; Or. ḍhāu ʻ red chalk, red ochre ʼ (whence ḍhāuā ʻ reddish ʼ; M. dhāū, dhāv m.f. ʻ a partic. soft red stone ʼ (whence dhā̆vaḍ m. ʻ a caste of iron -- smelters ʼ, dhāvḍī ʻ composed of or relating to iron ʼ); -- Si. dā ʻ relic ʼ(CDIAL 6773)
षट्--कोण [p= 1108,2] 'six-angled'; hexagon; a six-angled figure (रामतापनीय-उपनिषद्, पञ्चरात्र); the thunderbolt of इन्द्र (Monier-Williams)
arya 'lion' (Akkadian) Rebus: āra 'brass'. If a tiger is signified on the coins, the reading is kola 'tiger' rebus: kol 'working in iron' kolhe 'wmelter' PLUS panja 'claw of beast, feline paw' rebus: panja 'kiln'
karibha, ibha 'elephant' rebus: karb, ib 'iron'
The tiger or lion is leaping: the reading is: kõdā 'to leap' rebus: kō̃da कोँद 'kiln, furnace'
Hieroglyph: B. kũdā, kõdā 'to leap'; Or. kudibā ʻ to jump, dance ʼ; Mth. kūdab ʻ to jump ʼ, Aw. lakh. kūdab, H. kūdnā, OMarw. kūdaï, G. kūrda m. ʻ jump ʼ, gūrda -- m. ʻ jump ʼ Kāṭh. [√kūrd] S. kuḍ̠u m. ʻ leap ʼ, N. kud, Or. kuda, °dā, kudā -- kudi ʻ jumping about ʼ. kūˊrdati ʻ leaps, jumps ʼ MBh. [gūˊrdati, khūˊrdatē Dhātup.: prob. ← Drav. (Tam. kuti, Kan. gudi ʻ to spring ʼ) T. Burrow BSOAS xii 375]S. kuḍ̠aṇu ʻ to leap ʼ; L. kuḍ̠aṇ ʻ to leap, frisk, play ʼ; P. kuddṇā ʻ to leap ʼ, Ku. kudṇo, N. kudnu, (CDIAL 3411, 3412)
Rebus 1: kō̃da कोँद । कुलालादिकन्दुः f. a kiln; a potter's kiln (Rām. 1446; H. xi, 11); a brick-kiln (Śiv. 133); a lime-kiln. -bal -बल् । कुलालादिकन्दुस्थानम् m. the place where a kiln is erected, a brick or potter's kiln (Gr.Gr. 165). -- khasüñü -- खस&above;ञू&below; । कुलालादिकन्दुयथावद्भावः f.inf. a kiln to arise; met. to become like such a kiln (which contains no imperfectly baked articles, but only well-made perfectly baked ones), hence, a collection of good ('pucka') articles or qualities to exist. Cf. Śiv. 133, where the causal form of the verb is used. (Kashmiri) Rebus 2: kundana 'fine gold' Rebus 3: kundār 'turner'
Ta. ār̤i circle, ring, wheel, discus weapon. Ma. ār̤i roundness (as of disk, ring, etc.); funeral pile. Ka. ār̤i roundness, a circle, a discus; āṇi roundness. Te. āṇi spherical, round, globular (applied to pearls). ? Go. (SR.) āre potter's wheel (Voc. 138).(DEDR 398)
āre potter's wheel (Gondi) ārū आ॑रू॒ 'circle' (Kashmiri) ār̤i 'circle' (Tamil.Kannada) rebus āra 'brass' https://tinyurl.com/yxbc7d33
Coin of Dharaghosha, king of the Audumbaras, in the Indo-Greek style, circa 100 BCE.
Obv: Standing figure, probably of Vishvamitra, Kharoshthi legend, around: Mahadevasa Dharaghoshasa/Odumbarisa "Great Lord King Dharaghosha/Prince of Audumabara", across: Viçvamitra "Vishvamitra".
Rev: Trident battle-axe, tree with railing, Brāhmī legend identical in content to the obverse. Source: Ancient India, from the earliest times to the first century, A.D by Rapson, E. J. p.154
Obv: Standing figure, probably of Vishvamitra, Kharoshthi legend, around: Mahadevasa Dharaghoshasa/Odumbarisa "Great Lord King Dharaghosha/Prince of Audumabara", across: Viçvamitra "Vishvamitra".
Rev: Trident battle-axe, tree with railing, Brāhmī legend identical in content to the obverse. Source: Ancient India, from the earliest times to the first century, A.D by Rapson, E. J. p.154
kuṭi ''tree' rebus: kuṭhi 'a furnace for smelting iron ore'
Lot 523 Audumbara coin (lot 523) featuring a horse and elephant.
https://www.spink.com/media/view?id=8 पोळ pōḷa, 'zebu, bos indicus' signifies pōḷa 'magnetite, ferrous-ferric oxide Fe3O4'
karibha, ibha 'elephant' rebus: karba, ib 'iron'
The hieroglyphs/hypertexts of Indus Script Cipher on the Vemaka/Audumbara coins of Bhagavata mahadevasa rajarana are:
1. zebu, bos indicus पोळ pōḷa, 'zebu, bos indicus' signifies pōḷa 'magnetite, ferrous-ferric oxide Fe3O4',
2. A dotted circle PLUS lotus dāya 'dot within circle, one in dice' rebus: dhāi 'mineral ore' PLUS vr̥tta, vaṭṭa 'circle'; together rebus: dhā̆vaḍ 'iron-smelter', PLUS tāmarasa 'lotus' rebus: tāmra'copper'.3. elephant karibha, ibha 'elephant' rebus: karba, ib 'iron'
4. A currycomb PLUS flagpost kharedo 'a currycomb' rebus: करडा karaḍā 'hard alloy of iron' PLUS dhvajapaṭa m. ʻ flag ʼ Kāv. [
I suggest that this hieroglyph signifies a cobrahood5. phaḍā 'serpent hood' Rebus: phaḍā, paṭṭaḍe 'metals manufactory'
Thus, together, the hypertext message on the coin is: tāmra dhā̆vaḍ 'copper, iron smelter' PLUS karaḍā 'hard alloy of iron' dhā̆vaḍ 'iron-smelter'-- 'metals manufactory'. खरडा kharaḍā 'a day-book; a note-book'
On the Vemaka/Audumbura coins, Brāhmī Kharoṣṭhī syllables are used to signify the title and name of the ruler.
Coin of the Vemaka or Audumbaras tribe. Obverse: Bhagavata mahadevasa rajarana in Kharoṣṭhī. Reverse: Bhagavata-mahadevasa rajarana in Brāhmī. 1st century BCE
Audumbaras, "Mahadeva." Circa 1st century BC. AR Drachm (2.23 gm, 6h). "Bhagavata mahadevasa rajarana" in Karosthi, brahma bull standing left; lotus flower(?) before / "Bhagavata-mahadevasa rajarana" in Brahmi, Elephant standing right; trident before. Cf. Sharan pg. 246, 2 = BMCAI 13; MIG -; MACW -. Good VF, toned, softly struck.
https://www.cngcoins.com/Coin.aspx?CoinID=57595 See D. Handa, "Coins attributed to the Audumbara king Mahadeva," NumChron 1993, for a discussion on the potential attribution of these coins to the Vemaki tribe.
Vemaki: SIvaghosha ca. 1st cent. BCE - 1st CE http://hindujafoundation.org/antiquity-collection-listing.html?id=+VJAwCxdpbBDzsX+chLXAQ==
Audumbara Dynasty, Mahadeva (100 BC), Silver Drachma, Obv: elephant standing on platform facing to left, front of trident, around brahmi legend, "....va ta ma ha de va", Rev: humped bull facing right, with a spoked wheel in front and legend in kharoshti, "Bhagavata Mahadevasa Rajaraja", 2.13g, 21.52mm, (MACW # 4436), Lot 19Hieroglyph: spoked wheel: څرخه ṯs̱arḵẖaʿh, s.f. (3rd) A spinning-wheel, a large reel. Pl. يْ ey. (P چرخه ).(Pashto) څرخ ṯs̱arḵẖ, s.m. (2nd) A wheel (particularly a potter's, or of a water-mill or well). 2. A grindstone. 3. Circular motion, turn, revolution, the act of turning. 4. Fortune, chance. 5. The heavens, the sphere, the celestial globe. (Pashto) Rebus: arka, aka, aga ‘copper, gold’ as in akasāla ‘goldsmith’s shop’ (Kannada); అగసాలి or అగసాలెవాడు agasāli. [Tel.] n. A goldsmith. కంసాలివాడు (Telugu); arukkam அருக்கம்1 arukkam , n. < arka. (நாநார்த்த.) 1. Copper; செம்பு (Tamil); eraka 'metal infusion': Ta. eṟṟu (eṟṟi-) to throw out (as water from a vessel); iṟai (-v-, -nt-) to scatter (intr.), disperse; (-pp-, -tt-) to splash (tr.), spatter, scatter, strew, draw and pour out water, irrigate, bale out, squander; iṟaivai receptacle for drawing water for irrigation; iṟaṭṭu (iṟaṭṭi-) to sprinkle, splash. Ma. iṟekka to bale out; iṟayuka id., scatter, disperse; iṟava basket for drawing water; eṟiccil rainwater blown in by the wind. To. eṟ- (eṟQ -) to scoop up (water with vessel). Ka. eṟe to pour any liquids, cast (as metal); n. pouring; eṟacu, ercu to scoop, sprinkle, scatter, strew, sow; eṟaka, eraka any metal infusion; molten state, fusion. Tu. eraka molten, cast (as metal); eraguni to melt. Kur. ecchnā to dash a liquid out or over (by scooping, splashing, besprinkling). Cf. 840 Kur. elkhnā (Pfeiffer). (DEDR 866)
Ta. ār̤i circle, ring, wheel, discus weapon. Ma. ār̤i roundness (as of disk, ring, etc.); funeral pile. Ka. ār̤i roundness, a circle, a discus; āṇi roundness. Te. āṇi spherical, round, globular (applied to pearls). ? Go. (SR.) āre potter's wheel (Voc. 138).(DEDR 398)
āre potter's wheel (Gondi) ārū आ॑रू॒ 'circle' (Kashmiri) ār̤i 'circle' (Tamil.Kannada) rebus āra 'brass' https://tinyurl.com/yxbc7d33
Audumbara? Tree in railing.Trident.
kuṭi ''tree' rebus: kuṭhi 'a furnace for smelting iron ore'
Audumbara coin. Treein railing.Elephant. water. Temple? cakra dhvaja. ca. 1st cent. BCE
kuṭi ''tree' rebus: kuṭhi 'a furnace for smelting iron ore'
karibha, ibha 'elephant' rebus: karba, ib 'iron'
காண்டம்² kāṇṭam, n. < காண்டம்² kāṇṭam n. < kāṇḍa. 1. Water; sacred water; நீர். துருத்திவா யதுக்கிய குங்குமக் காண் டமும் (கல்லா. 49, 16).. 1. Water; sacred water; நீர். துருத்திவா யதுக்கிய குங்குமக் காண் டமும் (கல்லா. 49, 16) (Tamil) Rebus: khāṇḍa ‘tools, weapons, vessels’ (Marathi)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audumbaras
Shiva temple with trident standard, Audumbara State, Punjab, 1st century BCE.
The building structure shown on the coin compares with the hieroglyph shown on top line (in Indus Script) of Shogaura copper plate. The structure is read rebus kole.l 'temple' rebus: kole.l 'smithy, forge' The flag hieroglyph:dhvajapaṭa m. ʻ flag ʼ Kāv. [dhvajá -- , paṭa -- ]Pk. dhayavaḍa -- m. ʻ flag ʼ, OG. dhayavaḍa m. Rebus: Pk. dhāu -- m. ʻ metal, red chalk ʼ; N. dhāu ʻ ore (esp. of copper) ʼ; Or. ḍhāu ʻ red chalk, red ochre ʼ (whence ḍhāuā ʻ reddish ʼ; M. dhāū, dhāv m.f. ʻ a partic. soft red stone ʼ (whence dhā̆vaḍ m. ʻ a caste of iron -- smelters ʼ, dhāvḍī ʻ composed of or relating to iron ʼ); -- Si. dā ʻ relic (CDIAL 6773) Hypertext reads: mē̃ḍ 'body' rebus: mē̃ḍ ‘iron’ (Mu.) PLUS dhā̆vaḍ (semantic determinative': 'iron smelter'.
Pre-Mauryan Sohgaura copper plate with Indus Script and Brāhmī inscriptions.See: Sohgaura tāmra-sāsana with Indus Script hypertexts & Brahmī epigraph to protect metalwork wealth & merchandise of traders https://tinyurl.com/ybdljjzq
कोष्ठा* गार [p= 314,3] n. a store-room , store Mn. ix , 280 R. &c; a treasury. kṓṣṭha2 n. ʻ pot ʼ Kauś., ʻ granary, storeroom ʼ MBh., ʻ inner apartment ʼ lex., °aka -- n. ʻ treasury ʼ, °ikā f. ʻ pan ʼ Bhpr. [Cf. *kōttha -- , *kōtthala -- : same as prec.?] Pa. koṭṭha -- n. ʻ monk's cell, storeroom ʼ, °aka<-> n. ʻ storeroom ʼ; Pk. koṭṭha -- , kuṭ°, koṭṭhaya -- m. ʻ granary, storeroom ʼ; Sv. dāntar -- kuṭha ʻ fire -- place ʼ; Sh. (Lor.) kōti (ṭh?) ʻ wooden vessel for mixing yeast ʼ; K. kōṭha m. ʻ granary ʼ, kuṭhu m. ʻ room ʼ, kuṭhü f. ʻ granary, storehouse ʼ; S. koṭho m. ʻ large room ʼ, °ṭhī f. ʻ storeroom ʼ; L. koṭhā m. ʻ hut, room, house ʼ, °ṭhī f. ʻ shop, brothel ʼ, awāṇ. koṭhā ʻ house ʼ; P. koṭṭhā, koṭhā m. ʻ house with mud roof and walls, granary ʼ, koṭṭhī, koṭhī f. ʻ big well -- built house, house for married women to prostitute themselves in ʼ; WPah. pāḍ. kuṭhī ʻ house ʼ; Ku. koṭho ʻ large square house ʼ, gng. kōṭhi ʻ room, building ʼ; N. koṭho ʻ chamber ʼ, °ṭhi ʻ shop ʼ; A. koṭhā, kõṭhā ʻ room ʼ, kuṭhī ʻ factory ʼ; B. koṭhā ʻ brick -- built house ʼ, kuṭhī ʻ bank, granary ʼ; Or. koṭhā ʻ brick -- built house ʼ, °ṭhī ʻ factory, granary ʼ; Bi. koṭhī ʻ granary of straw or brushwood in the open ʼ; Mth. koṭhī ʻ grain -- chest ʼ; OAw. koṭha ʻ storeroom ʼ; H. koṭhā m. ʻ granary ʼ, °ṭhī f. ʻ granary, large house ʼ, Marw. koṭho m. ʻ room ʼ; G. koṭhɔ m. ʻ jar in which indigo is stored, warehouse ʼ, °ṭhī f. ʻ large earthen jar, factory ʼ; M. koṭhā m. ʻ large granary ʼ, °ṭhī f. ʻ granary, factory ʼ; Si. koṭa ʻ storehouse ʼ. -- Ext. with -- ḍa -- : K. kūṭhürü f. ʻ small room ʼ; L. koṭhṛī f. ʻ small side room ʼ; P. koṭhṛī f. ʻ room, house ʼ; Ku. koṭheṛī ʻ small room ʼ; H. koṭhrī f. ʻ room, granary ʼ; M. koṭhḍī f. ʻ room ʼ; -- with -- ra -- : A. kuṭharī ʻ chamber ʼ, B. kuṭhrī, Or. koṭhari; -- with -- lla -- : Sh. (Lor.) kotul (ṭh?) ʻ wattle and mud erection for storing grain ʼ; H. koṭhlā m., °lī f. ʻ room, granary ʼ; G. koṭhlɔ m. ʻ wooden box ʼ.kōṣṭhapāla -- , *kōṣṭharūpa -- , *kōṣṭhāṁśa -- , kōṣṭhāgāra -- ; *kajjalakōṣṭha -- , *duvārakōṣṭha -- , *dēvakōṣṭha -- , dvārakōṣṭhaka -- .Addenda: kṓṣṭha -- 2: WPah.kṭg. kóṭṭhi f. ʻ house, quarters, temple treasury, name of a partic. temple ʼ, J. koṭhā m. ʻ granary ʼ, koṭhī f. ʻ granary, bungalow ʼ; Garh. koṭhu ʻ house surrounded by a wall ʼ; Md. koḍi ʻ frame ʼ, <-> koři ʻ cage ʼ (X kōṭṭa -- ). -- with ext.: OP. koṭhārī f. ʻ crucible ʼ, P. kuṭhālī f., H. kuṭhārī f.; -- Md. koṭari ʻ room ʼ.kōṣṭhapāla m. ʻ storekeeper ʼ W. [kṓṣṭha -- 2, pāla -- ]M. koṭhvaḷā m.(CDIAL 3546, 3547)![]()
Line 1 in Indus Script hypertexts is further elucidated in the subsequent four lines of syllabic Brāhmi epigraph, giving the locus of the tri-junction of three main roads (See readings provided by JF Fleet, BM Barua and SN Chakravarti).
1. Two storehouses: ete duve koṭhagalani tighavani = ete duve koṭṭhāgārāni trigarbhāṇi = these two storehouses with three rooms each. The Indus Script hypertext clearly delineates the two storehouses with three rooms each.మేడెము mēḍemu or మేడియము mēḍemu. [Tel.] n. A spear or dagger. ఈటె, బాకు. rebus:मृदु mṛdu, mẽṛhẽt, meḍ 'metal, iron' (Samskrtam.Santali.Mu.Ho.); med 'copper' (Slavic) Alternative: Arrowhead:kaṇḍa 'arrow; rebus: kaṇḍa 'implements' 4. Mountain-range: dhanga 'mountain range' Rebus: dhangar 'blacksmith' Alternative: kolom 'three' rebus: kolimi 'smithy, forge' PLUS mēṭu height, eminence, hillock; muṭṭu rising ground, high ground, heap. Ma. mēṭu 'rising' rebus: मृदु mṛdu, mẽṛhẽt, meḍ 'metal, iron' (Samskrtam.Santali.Mu.Ho.); med 'copper' (Slavic) PLUS OP. koṭhārī f. ʻ crucible ʼ(CDIAL 3546) Rebus: koṭhār 'treasury, warehouse'. Thus, iron warehouse.
The inscription has the top line showing Indus Script hypertexts and bottom lines written in Brahmi script.
Brahmi text has been deciphered as related to the facilities of two koṣṭhāgāra made available at the junction of three roads for merchants during the period of draught. The top line in Sarasvati hieroglyphs connotes these two koṣṭhāgāra (storehouses) and also indicate the facilities of furnaces made available to itinerant smiths-merchants.
Coins Attributed to the Audumbara King Mahādeva
DEVENDRA HANDA
The Numismatic Chronicle (1966-)
Vol. 153 (1993), pp. 206-211 (6 pages) https://www.jstor.org/stable/42667891
