https://tinyurl.com/yymqyjjp
This is an addendum to Pārada, Bhārata, workers in metal alloys, traders in zinc and alloying metals
https://tinyurl.com/y6gp2lgr
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variants of Sign 336
This is an addendum to Pārada, Bhārata, workers in metal alloys, traders in zinc and alloying metals
https://tinyurl.com/y6gp2lgr
The smelting of zinc was an industrial scale operation. Unsurpassed in the history of civilization as the Tin-Bronze alloy revolution and contributions by our Pitr-s unfolds.
Sublimation of zinc and use of cire perdue (lost-wax) technique of metalcasting are unique contributions of Bharatam Janam to metallurgy. No wonder, the unique alloy metal is called bharata. Unique alloy metal ware was called भरताचें भांडें bharatācē mbhāṇḍēṃ ...A vessel made of the metal bharata, 'factitious metal compounded of copper, pewter, tin' (Marathi) baran, bharat 'mixed alloys' (5 copper, 4 zinc and 1 tin) (Punjabi). Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view.The hieroglyph of Indus Script cipher which signifies this metal alloy is Sign 48 (ASI 1977 sign list): baraḍo = spine; backbone (Tulu)
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The hieroglyph of Indus Script cipher which signifies this metal alloy is Sign 48 (ASI 1977 sign list): baraḍo = spine; backbone (Tulu)Mohenjo-daro Indus Script seal m276 deciphered, bharata kāṇḍa 'casting metalware in moulds' https://tinyurl.com/ycngrtmm
Mohenjo-daro seal m276 bharata 'casting metals in moulds' kāṇḍa pattar paṭṭi equipment guild hamlet,mū̃h bhaṭa kolami kāṇḍa 'ingot furnace, smithy/forge, metalware'.
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Clik here to view.m276gaṇḍa'rhinoceros'; rebus:khaṇḍ'tools, pots and pans and metal-ware'.
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m276gaṇḍa'Triplet 'signs' Cluster11
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variants of Sign 336Hypertext of Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view.Sign 336 has hieroglyph components: muka 'ladle' (Tamil)(DEDR 4887) Rebus: mū̃h'ingot' (Santali).PLUSImage may be NSFW.
Clik here to view.Sign 328 baṭa 'rimless pot' rebus: baṭa 'iron' bhaṭa 'furnace'. The hypertext reads: mū̃h bhaṭa 'ingot furnace'
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Sign 336 has hieroglyph components: muka 'ladle' (Tamil)(DEDR 4887) Rebus: mū̃h'ingot' (Santali).PLUSImage may be NSFW.Clik here to view.
Sign 328 baṭa 'rimless pot' rebus: baṭa 'iron' bhaṭa 'furnace'. The hypertext reads: mū̃h bhaṭa 'ingot furnace'Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view.Sign 102 variant Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view.Sign 89 kolomo 'three' rebus: kolami 'smithy, forge'.
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Sign 102 variant Image may be NSFW.Clik here to view.
Sign 89 kolomo 'three' rebus: kolami 'smithy, forge'. Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view.Sign 211 'arrow' hieroglyph: kaṇḍa ‘arrow’ (Skt.) H. kãḍerā m. ʻ a caste of bow -- and arrow -- makers (CDIAL 3024). Or. kāṇḍa, kã̄ṛ ʻstalk, arrow ʼ(CDIAL 3023). ayaskāṇḍa ‘a quantity of iron, excellent iron’ (Pāṇ.gaṇ) Thus ciphertext kaṇḍa ‘arrow’ is rebus hypertext kāṇḍa 'excellent iron', khāṇḍā 'tools, pots and pans, metal-ware'.
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Sign 211 'arrow' hieroglyph: kaṇḍa ‘arrow’ (Skt.) H. kãḍerā m. ʻ a caste of bow -- and arrow -- makers (CDIAL 3024). Or. kāṇḍa, kã̄ṛ ʻstalk, arrow ʼ(CDIAL 3023). ayaskāṇḍa ‘a quantity of iron, excellent iron’ (Pāṇ.gaṇ) Thus ciphertext kaṇḍa ‘arrow’ is rebus hypertext kāṇḍa 'excellent iron', khāṇḍā 'tools, pots and pans, metal-ware'. Hypertext Cluster 11 reads : (Catalogue accounting ledger entries) -- mū̃h bhaṭa kolami kāṇḍa 'ingot furnace, smithy/forge, metalware'.Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view.Variants of Sign 48 Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view.Seal published by Omananda Saraswati. In Pl. 275: Omananda Saraswati 1975. Ancient Seals of Haryana (in Hindi). Rohtak.Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view.This pictorial motif gets normalized in Indus writing system as a hieroglyph sign: baraḍo = spine; backbone (Tulu)
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Variants of Sign 48 Image may be NSFW.Clik here to view.
Seal published by Omananda Saraswati. In Pl. 275: Omananda Saraswati 1975. Ancient Seals of Haryana (in Hindi). Rohtak.Image may be NSFW.Clik here to view.
This pictorial motif gets normalized in Indus writing system as a hieroglyph sign: baraḍo = spine; backbone (Tulu)Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view. Sign 48 is a 'backbone, spine' hieroglyph: baraḍo = spine; backbone (Tulu) Rebus: baran, bharat ‘mixed alloys’ (5 copper, 4 zinc and 1 tin) (Punjabi) Tir. mar -- kaṇḍḗ ʻ back (of the body) ʼ; S. kaṇḍo m. ʻ back ʼ, L. kaṇḍ f., kaṇḍā m. ʻ backbone ʼ, awāṇ. kaṇḍ, °ḍī ʻ back ʼH. kã̄ṭā m. ʻ spine ʼ, G. kã̄ṭɔ m., M. kã̄ṭā m.; Pk. kaṁḍa -- m. ʻ backbone ʼ.(CDIAL 2670)
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Sign 48 is a 'backbone, spine' hieroglyph: baraḍo = spine; backbone (Tulu) Rebus: baran, bharat ‘mixed alloys’ (5 copper, 4 zinc and 1 tin) (Punjabi) Tir. mar -- kaṇḍḗ ʻ back (of the body) ʼ; S. kaṇḍo m. ʻ back ʼ, L. kaṇḍ f., kaṇḍā m. ʻ backbone ʼ, awāṇ. kaṇḍ, °ḍī ʻ back ʼH. kã̄ṭā m. ʻ spine ʼ, G. kã̄ṭɔ m., M. kã̄ṭā m.; Pk. kaṁḍa -- m. ʻ backbone ʼ.(CDIAL 2670) Rebus: kaṇḍ ‘fire-altar’ (Santali) bharatiyo = a caster of metals; a brazier; bharatar, bharatal, bharataḷ = moulded; an article made in a mould; bharata = casting metals in moulds; bharavum = to fill in; to put in; to pour into (Gujarati) bhart = a mixed metal of copper and lead; bhartīyā = a brazier, worker in metal; bhaṭ, bhrāṣṭra = oven, furnace (Sanskrit. )baran, bharat ‘mixed alloys’ (5 copper, 4 zinc and 1 tin) (Punjabi)
Feeding trough: pattar paṭṭi 'goldsmith guild market, goldsmith guild hamlet'.See:
Indus Script thorny bush and striped feeding trough hypertexts signify artisan guild hamlet, market town of Sarasvati Civilization https://tinyurl.com/ybg2djbf. Together with rhinoceros, tusk, the pictorial motif signifies metals equipment (makers') guild.
Rhinoceros: gaṇḍá m. ʻ rhinoceros ʼ lex., °aka -- m. lex. 2. *ga- yaṇḍa -- . [Prob. of same non -- Aryan origin as khaḍgá --1: cf. gaṇōtsāha -- m. lex. as a Sanskritized form ← Mu. PMWS 138]1. Pa. gaṇḍaka -- m., Pk. gaṁḍaya -- m., A. gãr, Or. gaṇḍā. 2. K. gö̃ḍ m., S. geṇḍo m. (lw. with g -- ), P. gaĩḍā m., °ḍī f., N. gaĩṛo, H. gaĩṛā m., G. gẽḍɔ m., °ḍī f., M. gẽḍā m.Addenda: gaṇḍa -- 4. 2. *gayaṇḍa -- : WPah.kṭg. geṇḍɔ mirg m. ʻ rhinoceros ʼ, Md. genḍā ← H. (CDIAL 4000). காண்டாமிருகம் kāṇṭā-mirukam , n. [M. kāṇṭāmṛgam.] Rhinoceros; கல்யானை. (Tamil) Rebus: kāṇḍa ‘tools, pots and pans and metal-ware’ (Gujarati)
kōḍu horn, tusk, branch of a tree; kōr̤ horn.(DEDR 2200)Rebus: koḍ 'workshop' koṭa shed, hamlet (Nk.)
Ta. kōṭu (in cpds. kōṭṭu-) horn, tusk, branch of tree, cluster, bunch, coil of hair, line, diagram, bank of stream or pool; kuvaṭu branch of a tree; kōṭṭāṉ, kōṭṭuvāṉ rock horned-owl (cf. 1657 Ta. kuṭiñai). Ko. ko·ṛ (obl.ko·ṭ-) horns (one horn is kob), half of hair on each side of parting, side in game, log, section of bamboo used as fuel, line marked out. To. kw&idieresisside;ṛ (obl. kw&idieresisside;ṭ-) horn, branch, path across stream in thicket. Ka. kōḍu horn, tusk, branch of a tree; kōr̤ horn. Tu. kōḍů, kōḍu horn. Te. kōḍu rivulet, branch of a river. Pa. kōḍ (pl. kōḍul) horn. Ga. (Oll.) kōr (pl. kōrgul) id. Go. (Tr.) kōr (obl. kōt-, pl. kōhk) horn of cattle or wild animals, branch of a tree; (W. Ph. A. Ch.) kōr (pl. kōhk), (S.) kōr (pl. kōhku), (Ma.) kōr̥u (pl. kōẖku) horn; (M.) kohk branch (Voc. 980); (LuS.) kogoo a horn. Kui kōju (pl. kōska) horn, antler. Cf. 2049 Ta. koṭi.
(DEDR 2200) Ta. koṭṭakai shed with sloping roofs, cow-stall; marriage pandal; koṭṭam cattle-shed; koṭṭil cow-stall, shed, hut; (STD) koṭambe feeding place for cattle. Ma. koṭṭil cowhouse, shed, workshop, house. Ka. koṭṭage, koṭige, koṭṭige stall or outhouse (esp. for cattle), barn, room. Koḍ. koṭṭï shed. Tu. koṭṭa hut or dwelling of Koragars; koṭya shed, stall. Te. koṭṭā̆mu stable for cattle or horses; koṭṭāyi thatched shed. Kol. (Kin.) koṛka, (SR.) korkā cowshed; (Pat., p. 59) konṭoḍi henhouse. Nk. khoṭa cowshed. Nk. (Ch.) koṛka id. Go. (Y.) koṭa, (Ko.) koṭam (pl. koṭak) id. (Voc. 880); (SR.) koṭka shed; (W. G. Mu. Ma.) koṛka, (Ph.) korka, kurka cowshed (Voc. 886); (Mu.) koṭorla, koṭorli shed for goats (Voc. 884). Malt. koṭa hamlet. / Influenced by Skt. goṣṭha-. (DEDR 2058)gōṣṭhá m. ʻ cow -- house ʼ RV., ʻ meeting place ʼ MBh. 2. *gōstha -- . [gṓ -- , stha -- ]1. Pa. goṭṭha -- n. ʻ cowpen ʼ, NiDoc. goṭha, Pk. goṭṭha -- , guṭ° n.; Ash. gōṣṭ -- klōm ʻ ceiling ʼ; Tir. guṣṭ ʻ house ʼ, Woṭ. goṭ; Kal. rumb. ghōṣṭ ʻ cattle shed ʼ; Mai. goṭ ʻ house ʼ, Phal. ghōṣṭ, Sh. goṭ m.; K. guṭh, dat. °ṭhasm. ʻ place in a village where the cattle collect ʼ; S. goṭhu m. ʻ village, town ʼ; WPah. bhal. gɔ̈̄ṭh n. ʻ standing ground for cattle in meadow or forest ʼ; Ku. goṭh ʻ cattle shed ʼ, gng. ʻ lower storey of house ʼ; N. goṭh ʻ cowshed ʼ; B. goṭh ʻ pasture land, herd, flock ʼ; Or. goṭha ʻ herd, flock ʼ, (Ambalpur) guṭha ʻ cattle pen ʼ; Bhoj. goṭh ʻ cowpen ʼ; G. goṭhɔ m. ʻ cattle yard ʼ; M. goṭhā m. ʻ cowpen ʼ °ṭhī ʻ pen for calves ʼ, Ko. goṭ. -- Ext. -- la -- in Si. goṭaluva ʻ hut, cottage ʼ? <-> Sv. guš ʻ house ʼ is unexpl. -- Sh. goṣ ʻ house ʼ (unless a lw. with loss of -- ṭ and subsequent treatment of -- ṣ > -- ẓ<-> in obl. like an orig. -- ṣ -- ) prob. < ghōṣa -- .2. Chil. got ʻ house ʼ; P. kgr. gohth f. ʻ place where sheep are penned for the night in the high ranges ʼ.gōṣṭhī -- , gauṣṭha -- ; *gōṣṭhapāla -- ; *saṁbandhigōṣṭha -- .Addenda: gōṣṭhá -- . 1. Sv. guš (goš Buddruss) with regular š < s̊ṭh ZDMG 116, 414; S.kcch. goṭh m. ʻ village ʼ; Garh. goṭh ʻ cowshed ʼ, Brj. goṭh f. (CDIAL 4336) gōṣṭhī f. ʻ assembly, meeting place ʼ MBh. [gōṣṭhá -- ]Pk. goṭṭhī -- , guṭ° f. ʻ assembly ʼ; P. goṭh f. ʻ a partic. position in sitting ʼ; Or. goṭhi ʻ assembly ʼ; Mth. goṭh ʻ squatting on the hams ʼ; H. goṭ f. ʻ assembly ʼ; G. goṭh f. ʻ secret and confidential talk ʼ (whence goṭhiyɔ m. ʻ friend ʼ); M. goṭh f. ʻ conversation, tale ʼ.(CDIAL 4338, 4339)கொட்டில் koṭṭil, n. prob. gōṣṭha. [M. koṭṭil.] 1. Cow-stall; மாட்டுக்கொட்டம். ஏறு கட்டிய கொட்டி லரங்கமே (தனிப்பா. i, 88, 174). 2. School for archery; வில்வித்தை பயிற்றும் இடம். கல்லூரி நற்கொட்டிலா (சீவக. 995). 3. Shed; கொட்டகை. கொட்டில் விளங்குதேர் புக்கதன்றே (சீவக. 471). 4. Hut; சிறுகுடில்.பன்னூறாயிரம் பாடிக் கொட்டிலும் (பெருங். உஞ்சைக். 43, 199).koḍ = artisan’s workshop (Kuwi)koḍ ‘workshop’ (G.); ācāri koṭṭya ‘smithy’ (Tu.)
Pincers: Ta. koṭiṟu pincers. Ma. koṭil tongs. Ko. koṛ hook of tongs. / Cf. Skt. (P. 4.4.18) kuṭilikā- smith's tongs.(DEDR 2052)
Hoe: Nk. koṛk- to peck. Pa. koḍk- id.; koṭṭ- id., dig; koṭal hoe. Ga. (Oll.) koṭ- to dig, (fowl) to peck; koṭal hoe, spade; (S.) koṭ- to bite (as a snake). Go. koṭṭānā (SR. Tr.) to peck, pierce leaves and sew them for platters, (Ph.) to pierce, thrust; (A.) koṭṭ- to hoe; (M.) koṭāna to sew; (Tr.) goṭṭānā to poke or thrust with a stick or finger; kōṭstānā to have one's ears pierced (Voc. 888); (Sr. Tr. W. Ph.) kohkānā to prick, puncture, tattoo; (Mu. Ko.) kohk-, (Ma.) koˀk- to peck (Voc. 959). Pe.koṭ- (-t-) to dig, hoe, (snake) to bite; koḍgi hoe. Manḍ. kuṭ- (-t-) (snake) to bite, (hen) to peck. Kui (K.) koḍi hoe. Kuwi (Su. Mah. Isr.) koṛgi, (F.) kūrgi, (S.) korgi hoe, mattock. Malt. koḍkare woodpecker. Cf. 1672 Ka. kuṭṭu, 2080 Ka. koṇḍi, and 2126 Pa. gorka. / Cf. Turner, CDIAL, no. 3241(2) (forms with meanings 'prick, hoe').(DEDR 2064).