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kharaḍā खरड़ा Wealth account ledger (raised script) accounting system traced to Indus Script, 4th millennium BCE. Harappa

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The hieroglyph which signifies the word kharaḍā खरड़ा is currycomb as on seal m290
khara 'ass, onager' with evidence from Paippalada Samhita (20.39.2) Rebus: khār खार् 'blacksmith'

kola 'tiger' rebus: kol 'working in iron' + pattar 'trough' rebus: pattar 'goldsmith guild' + ṭāṅka ʻleg, thighʼ (Oriya) rebus:   ṭaṅka 'mint' 
PLUS khar 'ass, onager' (Kashmiri) PLUS  kharedo = a currycomb (Gujarati) deciphered as: ṭaṅka 'mint' PLUS khār खार् 'blacksmith' PLUS kharādī ‘ turner’ (Gujarati)
Image result for currycomb indus script

Harappa Raised script: H94-2198 (After Fig. 4.14 in JM Kenoyer, 1998). Eight such tablets were found by HARP (Harvard Archaeological Project)


The inscription on the cast copper tablet of Harappa is read as: dul 'cast metal', khoT 'alloy ingot', bharata, 'alloy of coper, pewter, tin'.Hieroglyphs: dula 'pair' Rebus: dul 'cast metal'; goT 'seed' Rebus: khoT 'alloy ingot'. खोट (p. 212) [ khōṭa ] f A mass of metal (unwrought or of old metal melted down); an ingot or wedge. (Marathi) baraDo 'spine' Rebus: भरत (p. 603) [ bharata ] n A factitious metal compounded of copper, pewter, tin &c. (Marathi) karava 'pot' Rebus: kharva 'wealth'; karba 'iron'; karNaka 'rim of jar' Rebus: karNI 'supercargo'; karnIka 'scribe'.

                                                                                                                    All inscriptions of the corpora are kharaḍā खरड़ा wealth accounting ledge entries of metalwork wealth created in smithies, forges, foundries of the Tin-Bronze Age Civilization.
Vol 1 728 pages
Vol 2 772 pages
Vol 3 775 pages


S. Kalyanaraman
Sarasvati Research Center
July 2, 2017

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