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This monograph is a continuation in set 2 of the readings and meanings of Harappa inscriptions 1 to 75 (Set 1) presented in:

lnrjja8

h76 to h180

h76

Field symbol: barad, balad 'ox'

rebus: baran, bharat ‘mixed alloys’ (5 copper, 4 zinc and 1 tin) (Punjabi)

pattar 'trough' rebus: pattar'goldsmiths' guild'

Hypertext: kolom'three' rebus: kolimi 'smithy, forge' PLUS meḍ 'body' rebus: meḍ 'iron' med 'copper' (Slavic).

kaśēru ‘the backbone’ (Bengali. Samskrtam); kaśēruka id. (Samskrtam) Rebus: kasērā ʻ metal worker ʼ (Lahnda)(CDIAL 2988, 2989) Vikalpa: riṛ ‘ridge formed by the backbone’ (Santali); rebus: rīti ‘brass’ (Skt.)

kaṇḍa, karaḍa 'backbone' rebus: करडा [karaḍā] Hard from alloy--iron, silver &c; kaṇḍa 'implements'

kanka, karṇika 'rim of jar'rebus: karṇī 'supercargo, scribe' PLUS खांडा (p. 116) khāṇḍā A jag, notch, or indentation (as upon the edge of a tool or weapon). khaṇḍa 'implements'. Thus, supercargo of implements.

aya 'iron' ayas 'alloy metal' (R̥gveda) PLUS khambhaṛā 'fish-fin rebus: kammaṭa 'mint, coiner, coinage'.

So. ayo `fish'. Go. ayu `fish'. Go <ayu> (Z), <ayu?u> (Z),, <ayu?> (A) {N} ``^fish''. Kh. kaDOG `fish'. Sa. Hako `fish'. Mu. hai (H) ~ haku(N) ~ haikO(M) `fish'. Ho haku `fish'. Bj. hai `fish'. Bh.haku `fish'. KW haiku ~ hakO |Analyzed hai-kO, ha-kO (RDM). Ku. Kaku`fish'.@(V064,M106) Mu. ha-i, haku `fish' (HJP). @(V341) ayu>(Z), <ayu?u> (Z) <ayu?>(A) {N} ``^fish''. #1370. <yO>\\<AyO>(L) {N} ``^fish''. #3612. <kukkulEyO>,,<kukkuli-yO>(LMD) {N} ``prawn''. !Serango dialect. #32612. <sArjAjyO>,,<sArjAj>(D) {N} ``prawn''. #32622. <magur-yO>(ZL) {N} ``a kind of ^fish''. *Or.<>. #32632. <ur+GOl-Da-yO>(LL) {N} ``a kind of ^fish''. #32642.<bal.bal-yO>(DL) {N} ``smoked fish''. #15163. (Munda Etyma) Rebus: aya 'iron' ayas 'metal alloy' (Rigveda)

bhaṭā 'warrior' rebus: bhaṭa 'furnace' PLUS कर्णक kárṇaka, kannā 'legs spread', 'rim of jar', 'pericarp of lotus' karaṇī 'scribe, supercargo', kañi-āra 'helmsman'. Thus, furnace work cargo helmsman.

Meaning, artha: Metalwork wealth production) of bharata mixed alloys...PLUS (wealth/business categories cited above).

h77

Field symbol: barad, balad 'ox'

rebus: baran, bharat ‘mixed alloys’ (5 copper, 4 zinc and 1 tin) (Punjabi)

pattar 'trough' rebus: pattar 'goldsmiths' guild'

Meaning, artha: Metalwork wealth production) of bharata mixed alloys...PLUS (wealth/business categories cited above).

h78

Field symbol: barad, balad 'ox'

rebus: baran, bharat ‘mixed alloys’ (5 copper, 4 zinc and 1 tin) (Punjabi)

pattar 'trough' rebus: pattar 'goldsmiths' guild'

koḍa 'one' rebus: koḍ 'workshop' (Semantic determinative)

koḍa 'sluice'; Rebus: koḍ'artisan's workshop (Kuwi) PLUS sal'splinter' rebus: sal'workshop'

Split parenthesis: mũh, muhã 'ingot' or muhã 'quantity of metal produced at one time in a native smelting furnace.'.PLUS kolmo'rice plant' rebus: kolimi 'smithy, forge'. Thus, ingot forge.

Meaning, artha: Metalwork wealth production) of bharata mixed alloys...PLUS (wealth/business categories cited above).

h79

Field symbol: barad, balad 'ox'

rebus: baran, bharat ‘mixed alloys’ (5 copper, 4 zinc and 1 tin) (Punjabi)

pattar 'trough' rebus: pattar 'goldsmiths' guild'

Circumscript four short strokes: gaṇḍa 'four' rebus: khaṇḍa 'implements' PLUS kolom 'three' rebus: kolimi 'smithy, forge' PLUS kuṭila ‘bent’ CDIAL 3230 kuṭi— in cmpd. ‘curve’, kuṭika— ‘bent’ MBh. Rebus: kuṭila, katthīl = bronze (8 parts copper and 2 parts tin) cf. āra-kūṭa, 'brass' Old English ār 'brass, copper, bronze' Old Norse eir 'brass, copper', German ehern 'brassy, bronzen'. kastīra n. ʻ tin ʼ lex. 2. *kastilla -- .1. H. kathīr m. ʻ tin, pewter ʼ; G. kathīr n. ʻ pewter ʼ.2. H. (Bhoj.?) kathīl, °lā m. ʻ tin, pewter ʼ; M. kathīl n. ʻ tin ʼ, kathlẽ n. ʻ large tin vessel ʼ.(CDIAL 2984) कौटिलिकः kauṭilikḥ कौटिलिकः 1 A hunter.-2 A blacksmith. Thus, copper, brass, bronze alloy work of metal implements in smithy, forge.

kanka, karṇika 'rim of jar'rebus: karṇī 'supercargo, scribe'

Meaning, artha: Metalwork wealth production) of bharata mixed alloys...PLUS (wealth/business categories cited above).

h80

Field symbol: barad, balad 'ox'

rebus: baran, bharat ‘mixed alloys’ (5 copper, 4 zinc and 1 tin) (Punjabi)

pattar 'trough' rebus: pattar 'goldsmiths' guild'

kanac 'corner' rebus: kancu 'bell-metal'

śrētrī ʻladderʼ rebus: seṭṭha 'guild-master'

aḍar 'harrow' Rebus: aduru 'native metal' (Kannada)

ranku 'antelope' rebus; ranku 'tin' PLUS dula 'two' rebus: dul 'metal casting'. Thus, tin metal casting

Meaning, artha: Metalwork wealth production) of bharata mixed alloys...PLUS (wealth/business categories cited above).

h81

Field symbol: barad, balad 'ox'

rebus: baran, bharat ‘mixed alloys’ (5 copper, 4 zinc and 1 tin) (Punjabi)

pattar 'trough' rebus: pattar 'goldsmiths' guild'

kolom 'three' rebus: kolimi 'smithy, forge'

kuṭi 'water-carrier' rebus: kuṭhi 'smelter' PLUS kanka, karṇika 'rim of jar'rebus: karṇī 'supercargo, scribe'.Thus supercargo of smelter metal product output.

Meaning, artha: Metalwork wealth production) of bharata mixed alloys...PLUS (wealth/business categories cited above).

h82

Field symbol: barad, balad 'ox'

rebus: baran, bharat ‘mixed alloys’ (5 copper, 4 zinc and 1 tin) (Punjabi)

pattar'trough' rebus: pattar 'goldsmiths' guild'

koḍa 'one' rebus: koḍ 'workshop' (Semantic determinative)

gaṇḍa 'four' rebus: khaṇḍa 'implements' PLUS kolom 'three' rebus: kolimi 'smithy, forge'. Together, smithy,forge (for) implements

ayo 'fish' rebus: aya 'iron' ayas 'alloy metal' (R̥gveda) PLUS sal'splinter' rebus: sal 'workshop'

dhāi 'strand' (Rigveda) tri- dhāu'three strands' rebus: dhāu 'red ore'. त्रिधातुः (magnetite, hematite, laterite) -- ferrite ores PLUS copper ore

Meaning, artha: Metalwork wealth production) of bharata mixed alloys...PLUS (wealth/business categories cited above).

h83

Field symbol: पोळ [pōḷa] m A bull dedicated to the gods, marked with a trident and discus, and set at large (Marathi) rebus: पोळा [ pōḷā ] 'magnetite, Fe3O4'

dāṭu 'cross' rebus: dhatu = mineral (Santali) Hindi. dhāṭnā 'to send out, pour out, cast (metal)' (CDIAL 6771).

Meaning, artha: Metalwork wealth production) of pōḷā 'magnetite ferrite ore'...PLUS (wealth/business categories cited above).

h84

Field symbol: पोळ [pōḷa] m A bull dedicated to the gods, marked with a trident and discus, and set at large (Marathi) rebus: पोळा [ pōḷā ] 'magnetite, Fe3O4'

Meaning, artha: Metalwork wealth production) of pōḷā 'magnetite ferrite ore'...PLUS (wealth/business categories cited above).

h85

Field symbol: पोळ [pōḷa] m A bull dedicated to the gods, marked with a trident and discus, and set at large (Marathi) rebus: पोळा [ pōḷā ] 'magnetite, Fe3O4'

kanac 'corner' rebus: kancu 'bell-metal' PLUS sal 'splinter' rebus:sal 'workshop'. Thus bronze/bell-metal workshop.

ayo 'fish' rebus: aya 'iron' ayas 'alloy metal' (R̥gveda) PLUS dula'two' rebus: dul'metal casting'. Thus metal castings of alloy metals.

Or. kāṇḍa, kã̄ṛ ʻstalk, arrowʼ(CDIAL 3023) rebus: kaṇḍa'implements'.

Meaning, artha: Metalwork wealth production) of pōḷā 'magnetite ferrite ore'...PLUS (wealth/business categories cited above).

h86

Field symbol: पोळ [pōḷa] m A bull dedicated to the gods, marked with a trident and discus, and set at large (Marathi) rebus: पोळा [ pōḷā ] 'magnetite, Fe3O4'

koḍa 'one' rebus: koḍ 'workshop'

dhanga 'mountain range' Rebus:dhangar 'blacksmith'

Or. kāṇḍa, kã̄ṛ ʻstalk, arrowʼ(CDIAL 3023) rebus: kaṇḍa'implements'.

Meaning, artha: Metalwork wealth production) of pōḷā 'magnetite ferrite ore'...PLUS (wealth/business categories cited above).

h87

Field symbol: rango 'buffalo' Rebus: rango'pewter' raṅga3 n. ʻ tin ʼ lex. [Cf. nāga -- 2, vaṅga -- 1]

Pk. raṁga -- n. ʻ tin ʼ; P. rã̄g f., rã̄gā m. ʻ pewter, tin ʼ (← H.); Ku. rāṅ ʻ tin, solder ʼ, gng. rã̄k; N. rāṅ, rāṅo ʻ tin, solder ʼ, A. B. rāṅ; Or. rāṅga ʻ tin ʼ, rāṅgā ʻ solder, spelter ʼ, Bi. Mth. rã̄gā, OAw. rāṁga; H. rã̄g f., rã̄gā m. ʻ tin, pewter ʼ; Si. ran̆ga ʻ tin ʼ.(CDIAL 10562)

khaṇḍa 'division'. rebus: kaṇḍa 'implements'

kanka, karṇika 'rim of jar'rebus: karṇī 'supercargo, scribe'

Meaning, artha: Metalwork wealth production) of rango'pewter, metals alloy'...PLUS (wealth/business categories cited above).

h88

Field symbol: kāṇṭā 'rhinoceros. Rebus: kāṇḍa 'tools, pots and pans and metal-ware' (Gujarati) PLUS pattar 'trough' rebus: pattar'goldsmiths' guild'

āra 'spokes' rebus: āra 'brass'

karã̄ n. pl. wristlets, bangles Rebus: khārखार् 'blacksmith'

dula'two' rebus: dul'metal casting'

kanka, karṇika 'rim of jar'rebus: karṇī 'supercargo, scribe'

Meaning, artha: Metalwork wealth production) of kāṇṭā 'rhinoceros. Rebus: kāṇḍa 'tools, pots and pans and metal-ware' (Gujarati)...PLUS (wealth/business categories cited above).

h89

Field symbol: karibha, ibha 'elephant' rebus: karba, ib 'iron' ibbo 'merchant"

dhāḷ 'slanted stroke' rebus: dhāḷako 'ingot' PLUS खांडा (p. 116) khāṇḍā A jag, notch, or indentation (as upon the edge of a tool or weapon). khaṇḍa 'implements'. Thus, ingots and implements

ayo 'fish' rebus: aya 'iron' ayas 'alloy metal' (R̥gveda) PLUS khambhaṛā 'fish-fin rebus: kammaṭa 'mint, coiner, coinage'. Thus, alloy metal mint.

gaṇḍa 'four' rebus: khaṇḍa 'implements' PLUS ayo 'fish' rebus: aya 'iron' ayas 'alloy metal' (R̥gveda). Thus, alloy metal implements.

Meaning, artha: Trade (and metalwork wealth production) of karba, ib 'iron ore'. ibbo 'merchant'..PLUS (wealth/business categories cited above).

h90

Field symbol: karibha, ibha 'elephant' rebus: karba, ib 'iron' ibbo 'merchant"

मेंढा [ mēṇḍhā ] A crook or curved end (of a stick) Rebus: meḍ 'iron'

cīmara ‘black ant’ Rebus: cīmara‘copper’. cīmara kāra -- ʻ coppersmith ʼ

Meaning, artha: Trade (and metalwork wealth production) of karba, ib 'iron ore'. ibbo 'merchant'..PLUS (wealth/business categories cited above).

Pk. ṭaṁka -- m., °kā -- f. ʻ leg ʼ, S. ṭaṅga f., L. P. ṭaṅg f., Ku. ṭã̄g, N. ṭāṅ; Or. ṭāṅka ʻ leg, thigh ʼ, °ku ʻ thigh, buttock ʼ. 2. B. ṭāṅ, ṭeṅri ʻ leg, thigh ʼ; Mth. ṭã̄g, ṭãgri ʻ leg, foot ʼ; Bhoj. ṭāṅ, ṭaṅari ʻ leg ʼ, Aw. lakh. H. ṭã̄g f.; G. ṭã̄g f., °gɔ m. ʻ leg from hip to foot ʼ; M. ṭã̄g f. ʻ leg ʼ(CDIAL 5428).Rebus: A. ṭāṅī ʻ wedge ʼ ṭaṅkaśālā-- , ṭaṅkakaś° f. ʻ mint ʼ lex. [ṭaṅka -- 1, śāˊlā -- ] N. ṭaksāl, °ār, B. ṭāksāl, ṭã̄k°, ṭek°, Bhoj. ṭaksār, H. ṭaksāl, °ār f., G. ṭãksāḷ f., M. ṭã̄ksāl, ṭāk°, ṭãk°, ṭak°. -- Deriv. G. ṭaksāḷī m. ʻ mint -- master ʼ, M. ṭāksāḷyā m. Brj. ṭaksāḷī, °sārī m. ʻ mint -- master ʼ. (CDIAL 5434)

Or. kāṇḍa, kã̄ṛ ʻstalk, arrowʼ(CDIAL 3023) rebus: kaṇḍa 'implements'.PLUS manḍa'arbour,canopy' mã̄ḍ ʻarray of instruments'. Thus, array of instruments, implements.

ḍhāla f (S through H) The grand flag of an army directing its march and encampments: also the standard or banner of a chieftain rebus: ḍhālako 'ingot'

Meaning, artha: Trade (and metalwork wealth production) of karba, ib 'iron ore'. ibbo 'merchant'..PLUS (wealth/business categories cited above).

h91

Field symbol: karibha, ibha'elephant' rebus: karba, ib'iron'ibbo'merchant'

aḍaren,'lid' Rebus: aduru 'native unsmelted metal' PLUS koḍa 'one' rebus: koḍ 'workshop'. Thus, unsmelted native metal workshop.

Or. kāṇḍa, kã̄ṛ ʻstalk, arrowʼ(CDIAL 3023) rebus: kaṇḍa 'implements'.

Meaning, artha: Trade (and metalwork wealth production) of karba, ib 'iron ore'. ibbo 'merchant'..PLUS (wealth/business categories cited above).

h92

Field symbol: karibha, ibha 'elephant' rebus: karba, ib 'iron' ibbo 'merchant'

kolom 'three' rebus: kolimi 'smithy, forge' PLUS sal 'splinter' rebus: sal 'workshop'.

aḍar 'harrow' Rebus: aduru 'native metal' (Kannada) PLUS dula'two' rebus: dul'metal casting'. Thus metal casting of native metal.

ayo 'fish' rebus: aya 'iron' ayas 'alloy metal' (R̥gveda)

aḍaren,'lid' Rebus: aduru 'native unsmelted metal' PLUS koḍa 'one' rebus: koḍ 'workshop'. Thus, unsmelted native metal workshop PLUS mũh, muhã'ingot' or muhã'quantity of metal produced at one time in a native smelting furnace.'

baraḍo 'spine, backbone' rebus: baran, bharat ‘mixed alloys’ (5 copper, 4 zinc and 1 tin) (Punjabi)

kuṭi 'water-carrier' rebus: kuṭhi 'smelter' PLUS kanka, karṇika 'rim of jar'rebus: karṇī 'supercargo, scribe'.Thus supercargo of smelter metal product output.

Meaning, artha: Trade (and metalwork wealth production) of karba, ib 'iron ore'. ibbo 'merchant'..PLUS (wealth/business categories cited above).

h93

Field symbol: karibha, ibha 'elephant' rebus: karba, ib 'iron' ibbo 'merchant' PLUS pattar 'trough' rebus: pattar 'goldsmiths' guild'

baṭa 'rimless, wide-mouthed pot' rebus: bhaṭa 'furnace'

kamaḍha 'archer, bow' Rebus: kammaṭa 'mint, coiner, coinage'.

Meaning, artha: Trade (and metalwork wealth production) of karba, ib 'iron ore'. ibbo 'merchant'..PLUS (wealth/business categories cited above).

h94

Field symbol: kol 'tiger' Rebus: kolhe 'smelter',kol 'working in iron/' PLUS pattar 'trough' rebus: pattar 'goldsmiths' guild'

mũh, muhã 'ingot' or muhã 'quantity of metal produced at one time in a native smelting furnace.' PLUS dula'two' rebus: dul'metal casting'. Thus metalcast ingots PLUS meḍ 'body' rebus: meḍ 'iron' med 'copper' (Slavic). Thus, copper, iron metal castings smelter.

Meaning, artha: Trade (and metalwork wealth production) of kol 'tiger' Rebus: kolhe 'smelter',kol 'working in iron/' ..PLUS (wealth/business categories cited above).

h95

kharā 'hare' (Oriya): *kharabhaka ʻ hare ʼ. [ʻ longeared like a donkey ʼ: khara -- 1?]N. kharāyo ʻ hare ʼ, Or. kharā, °riā, kherihā, Mth. kharehā, H. kharahā m(CDIAL 3823) ``^rabbit'' Sa. kulai `rabbit'.Mu. kulai`rabbit'. KW kulai @(M063) खरगोस (p. 113) kharagōsa m ( P) A hare. (Marathi) Rebus: khār खार् 'blacksmith' (Kashmiri) kol 'working in iron'

mũh, muhã 'ingot' or muhã 'quantity of metal produced at one time in a native smelting furnace' PLUS dula'two' rebus: dul'metal casting'. Thus, metal cast ingots.

Meaning, artha: Trade (and metalwork wealth production) of kharā 'hare' rebus: khār 'blacksmith' kulai`rabbit' rebus: kol 'tiger' Rebus: kolhe'smelter',kol 'working in iron/' ..PLUS (wealth/business categories cited above).

h96

Composite animal hypertext --hieroglyph components:

sangaḍa'joined parts of animals' (Marathi) rebus: sangar'trade'

Horns of zebu: पोळ [ pōḷa ] m A bull dedicated to the gods, marked with a trident and discus, and set at large. पोळी [ pōḷī ] dewlap. पोळा [ pōḷā ] 'zebu, bos indicus taurus' rebus: पोळा [ pōḷā ] 'magnetite, ferrite ore: Fe3O4'

Trunk of elephant: karibha, ibha 'elephant' rebus: karba, ib 'iron' ibbo 'merchant'; dāntā 'tooth, tusk' rebus: dhāˊtu 'ore of red colour' (ferrite ores, copper ores)

Human face:mũh 'face' rebus: mũh, muhã 'ingot' or muhã'quantity of metal produced at one time in a native smelting furnace.'

Scarf: dhatu'scarf' Rebus: dhatu 'mineral ore'

Forelegs of bovine: barad, balad 'ox' rebus: baran, bharat ‘mixed alloys’ (5 copper, 4 zinc and 1 tin) (Punjabi)

Hindlegs of tiger:kol 'tiger' Rebus: kolhe'smelter',kol 'working in iron/'

Thigh (highlighted); Pk. ṭaṁka -- m., °kā -- f. ʻ leg ʼ, S. ṭaṅga f., L. P. ṭaṅg f., Ku. ṭã̄g, N. ṭāṅ; Or. ṭāṅka ʻ leg, thigh ʼ, °ku ʻ thigh, buttock ʼ. 2. B. ṭāṅ, ṭeṅri ʻ leg, thigh ʼ; Mth. ṭã̄g, ṭãgri ʻ leg, foot ʼ; Bhoj. ṭāṅ, ṭaṅari ʻ leg ʼ, Aw. lakh. H. ṭã̄g f.; G. ṭã̄g f., °gɔ m. ʻ leg from hip to foot ʼ; M. ṭã̄g f. ʻ leg ʼ(CDIAL 5428).Rebus: A. ṭāṅī ʻ wedge ʼ ṭaṅkaśālā-- , ṭaṅkakaś° f. ʻ mint ʼ lex. [ṭaṅka -- 1, śāˊlā -- ] N. ṭaksāl, °ār, B. ṭāksāl, ṭã̄k°, ṭek°, Bhoj. ṭaksār, H. ṭaksāl, °ār f., G. ṭãksāḷ f., M. ṭã̄ksāl, ṭāk°, ṭãk°, ṭak°. -- Deriv. G. ṭaksāḷī m. ʻ mint -- master ʼ, M. ṭāksāḷyā m. Brj. ṭaksāḷī, °sārī m. ʻ mint -- master ʼ. (CDIAL 5434)

Cobra hood (tail): phaṇin ʻ hooded (of snake, esp. cobra) ʼ Kathās. [phaṇá -- 1] Pk. phaṇi -- m. ʻ snake ʼ; P. phaṇī ʻ flat -- headed (of snake) ʼ; A. phanī ʻ snake ʼ; Or. phaṇī ʻ hooded ʼ, sb. ʻ snake ʼ; H. phanī ʻ hooded ʼ; G. phaṇī m. ʻ snake ʼ, Si. paṇiya.(CDIAL 9046) phaṇa1 m. ʻ expanded hood of snake (esp. of cobra) ʼ MBh. 2. *phēṇa -- 2. [Cf. phaṭa -- , *phēṭṭa -- 2 and *phaṇati2. -- For mng. ʻ shoulder -- blade ʼ &c. cf. association of shape in phaṇāphalaka -- Bhartr̥. ~ aṁsaphalaká -- ŚBr. and cf. phēna -- n. ʻ cuttlefish bone ʼ Car.] 1. Pa. phaṇa -- m. ʻ expanded hood of snake ʼ, Pk. phaṇa -- m., °ṇā -- f.; Wg. paṇ -- šī ʻ big snake ʼ (+šai ʻ head ʼ? NTS xvii 287); K. phan m. ʻ expanded hood of snake ʼ, S. phaṇi f., L.awāṇ. phaṇ, P. phaṇ, °ṇu f., ludh. phan m., WPah. (Joshi) faṇ m., Ku. phaṇ, °ṇi, N. phani, A. phanā, B. phan, °nā, Or. phaṇā̆, Mth. phanā, Bhoj. phan, H. phan, °nā m., G. pheṇ (< *phaṇi), phaṇī f., M. phaṇ m., °ṇī f., Si. paṇa, peṇa. -- S. phaṇi f. ʻ shoulderblade ʼ; H. phanī f. ʻ wedge ʼ; G. phaṇɔ m. ʻ fore part of foot ʼ. 2. A. phenā ʻ expanded hood of snake ʼ, Or. pheṇā̆. phaṇin -- , phaṇakara -- .phaṇá -- 2 ʻ froth ʼ see phāṇita -- .Addenda: phaṇa -- 1: S.kcch. phaṇ f. ʻ snake's hood, front part of foot ʼ, phaṇī f. ʻ weaver's toothed instrument for pressing and closing the woof ʼ; WPah.kṭg. phɔ́ṇ m. ʻ cobra's hood ʼ; Garh. phaṇ ʻ snake's hood ʼ. (CDIAL 9042) phaṇakara m. ʻ cobra ʼ lex. [Cf. phaṇākara -- , phaṇa- dhara -- , phaṇādh° m. lex. -- phaṇa -- 1, kará -- 1]L. phaniar m., P. phanyar m., WPah. (Joshi) fanā'r m. (all with n, not ṇ?).Addenda: phaṇakara -- : WPah.kṭg. phɔ́ṇər m. ʻ cobra ʼ, J. fanā'r m. (kṭg. phɔ́ṇir m. poss. ← P. Him.I 127). (CDIAL 9043)

Rebus 1: tin or metal foil: फणिन् [p= 716,2] n. (prob.) tin or lead Ka1lac. panī f. ʻ tinfoil ʼ(Sindhi)

Meaning, artha: Trade (and metalwork wealth production) of sangaḍa 'joined parts of animals' (Marathi) rebus: sangar 'trade' in many categories of metalwork,mintwork ..PLUS (wealth/business categories cited above).

h97

bahulā f. pl. ʻ the Pleiades ʼ VarBr̥S., °likā -- f. pl. lex. [bahulá -- ]Kal. bahul ʻ the Pleiades ʼ, Kho. ból, (Lor.) boul, bolh, Sh. (Lor.) b*lle.(CDIAL 9195) பாகுலம் pākulam , n. < bāhula. The month of Kārttikai = November-December; கார்த்திகை மாதம். (W.) పావడము [ pāvaḍamu ] pāvaḍamu. [Tel.] n. A present, gift. కానుక. बाहुल्य [ bāhulya ] n (S) Abundance, copiousness, plenty. Rebus: bagalo = an Arabian merchant vessel (G.) bagala = an Arab boat of a particular description (Ka.); bagalā (M.); bagarige, bagarage = a kind of vessel (Ka.) bagala is a dhow, a seafaring boat.

Hypertext:dāntā 'tooth, tusk' rebus: dhāˊtu 'ore of red colour' (ferrite ores, copper ores) {:PLUS dula'two' rebus: dul 'metal casting' PLUS kuṭila ‘bent’ CDIAL 3230 kuṭi— in cmpd. ‘curve’, kuṭika— ‘bent’ MBh. Rebus: kuṭila, katthīl = bronze (8 parts copper and 2 parts tin) cf. āra-kūṭa, 'brass' Old English ār 'brass, copper, bronze' Old Norse eir 'brass, copper', German ehern 'brassy, bronzen'. kastīra n. ʻ tin ʼ lex. 2. *kastilla -- .1. H. kathīr m. ʻ tin, pewter ʼ; G. kathīr n. ʻ pewter ʼ.2. H. (Bhoj.?) kathīl, °lā m. ʻ tin, pewter ʼ; M. kathīl n. ʻ tin ʼ, kathlẽ n. ʻ large tin vessel ʼ.(CDIAL 2984) कौटिलिकः kauṭilikḥ कौटिलिकः 1 A hunter.-2 A blacksmith. Thus,mineral ores metalcaster blacksmith (synonym: dhokra kamar).

baṭa 'rimless, wide-mouthed pot' rebus: bhaṭa 'furnace' PLUS ḍabu 'an iron spoon' (Santali) Rebus: ḍab, ḍhimba, ḍhompo 'lump (ingot?). Thus, together, furnace ingots.

kamaḍha 'crab' Rebus: kammaṭa 'mint, coiner, coinage'. ḍato = claws of crab (Santali) Rebus: dhātu 'mineral ore'.

kolom'three' rebus: kolimi 'smithy, forge' PLUS kole.l 'temple' rebus: kole.l 'smithy, forge' (Semantic determinative).

dhāḷ 'slanted stroke' rebus: dhāḷako 'ingot' PLUS खांडा (p. 116) khāṇḍā A jag, notch, or indentation (as upon the edge of a tool or weapon). khaṇḍa 'implements'. Thus, ingots and implements.

Meaning, artha: Trade (and metalwork wealth production) of bagala 'pleiades' rebus: bangala 'portable furnace'; bagala'arabian dhow seafaring vessel'..PLUS (wealth/business categories cited above).

h98

sangaḍa,'lathe-brazier' rebus: sangara 'trade'

kolom'three' rebus: kolimi 'smithy, forge' PLUS 'dula'duplicated' rebus: dul 'metal casting'

ayo 'fish' rebus: aya 'iron' ayas 'alloy metal' (R̥gveda)

Or. kāṇḍa, kã̄ṛ ʻstalk, arrowʼ(CDIAL 3023) rebus: kaṇḍa 'implements'.

kanac 'corner' rebus: kancu 'bell-metal'

Meaning, artha: Trade (and metalwork wealth production) of sangaḍa 'lathe/brazier' rebus: sangar 'trade' in many categories of metalwork ..PLUS (wealth/business categories cited above).

h99

bagalo = an Arabian merchant vessel (G.) bagala = an Arab boat of a particular description (Ka.); bagalā (M.); bagarige, bagarage = a kind of vessel (Ka.) bagala is a dhow, a seafaring boat.

kāru pincers, tongs. Rebus: khār खार् 'blacksmith' PLUS kolom 'three' rebus: kolimi 'smithy, forge'. Thus, blacksmith forge.

khareḍo = a currycomb (G.) Rebus: kharādī ' turner' (Gujarati) PLUS kāmsako, kāmsiyo = a large sized comb (G.) Rebus: kaṁsa'bronze' (Telugu)

Meaning, artha: Trade (and metalwork wealth production) of seafaring merchant with bagala 'arabian dhow seafaring vessel'..PLUS (wealth/business categories cited above).

h100

sal 'splinter' rebus sal'workshop'

aḍar 'harrow' Rebus: aduru 'native metal' (Kannada)

ayo 'fish' rebus: aya 'iron' ayas 'alloy metal' (R̥gveda)

Or. kāṇḍa, kã̄ṛ ʻstalk, arrowʼ(CDIAL 3023) rebus: kaṇḍa'implements'.

h101

मेंढा [ mēṇḍhā ] A crook or curved end (of a stick) Rebus: meḍ 'iron'

kolom'three' rebus: kolimi 'smithy, forge' PLUS dula'two' rebus: dul 'metal casting'. Thus,metalcasting workshop, smithy, forge.

kanka, karṇika 'rim of jar'rebus: karṇī 'supercargo, scribe'

Meaning, artha: Trade (and metalwork wealth production) ...PLUS (wealth/business categories cited above).

h102

Field symbol:

sãgaḍ 'lathe, portable furnace' rebus: sangara 'trade', samgraha, samgaha 'arranger, manager'. कोंद kōnda 'young bull' rebus: कोंद kōnda 'engraver, script'

Hieroglyphs/hypertext:

Line 1

kanac 'corner' rebus: kancu 'bell-metal'

Line 2

kanac 'corner' rebus: kancu 'bell-metal'

ayo 'fish' rebus: aya 'iron' ayas 'alloy metal' (R̥gveda) PLUS khambhaṛā 'fish-fin rebus: kammaṭa 'mint, coiner, coinage'.

kole.l 'tempe' rebus: kole.l'smithy, forge'

kanka, karṇika 'rim of jar'rebus: karṇī 'supercargo, scribe'

Meaning, artha: Trade (and metalwork wealth production) of kōnda sangara 'metalwork engraver'... PLUS (wealth/business categories cited above).

h103

(lozenge) Split parenthesis: mũh, muhã 'ingot' or muhã 'quantity of metal produced at one time in a native smelting furnace.' PLUS kolmo 'rice plant' rebus: kolimi 'smithy, forge'. Thus, ingot forge.

aḍar 'harrow' Rebus: aduru 'native metal' (Kannada)

ayo 'fish' rebus: aya 'iron' ayas 'alloy metal' (R̥gveda)

Pk. ṭaṁka -- m., °kā -- f. ʻ leg ʼ, S. ṭaṅga f., L. P. ṭaṅg f., Ku. ṭã̄g, N. ṭāṅ; Or. ṭāṅka ʻ leg, thigh ʼ, °ku ʻ thigh, buttock ʼ. 2. B. ṭāṅ, ṭeṅri ʻ leg, thigh ʼ; Mth. ṭã̄g, ṭãgri ʻ leg, foot ʼ; Bhoj. ṭāṅ, ṭaṅari ʻ leg ʼ, Aw. lakh. H. ṭã̄g f.; G. ṭã̄g f., °gɔ m. ʻ leg from hip to foot ʼ; M. ṭã̄g f. ʻ leg ʼ(CDIAL 5428).Rebus: A. ṭāṅī ʻ wedge ʼ ṭaṅkaśālā-- , ṭaṅkakaś° f. ʻ mint ʼ lex. [ṭaṅka -- 1, śāˊlā -- ] N. ṭaksāl, °ār, B. ṭāksāl, ṭã̄k°, ṭek°, Bhoj. ṭaksār, H. ṭaksāl, °ār f., G. ṭãksāḷ f., M. ṭã̄ksāl, ṭāk°, ṭãk°, ṭak°. -- Deriv. G. ṭaksāḷī m. ʻ mint -- master ʼ, M. ṭāksāḷyā m. Brj. ṭaksāḷī, °sārī m. ʻ mint -- master ʼ. (CDIAL 5434)

kanka, karṇika 'rim of jar'rebus: karṇī 'supercargo, scribe'.

baṭa 'rimless, wide-mouthed pot' rebus: bhaṭa 'furnace' PLUS ḍabu 'an iron spoon' (Santali) Rebus: ḍab, ḍhimba, ḍhompo 'lump (ingot?). Thus, together, furnace ingots.

kolmo 'three' rebus:kolimi 'smithy, forge'.

Or. kāṇḍa, kã̄ṛ ʻstalk, arrowʼ(CDIAL 3023) rebus: kaṇḍa'implements'.

meḍ 'body' rebus: meḍ 'iron' med 'copper' (Slavic) PLUS dula 'two' rebus: dul'metal casting' PLUS koḍa 'one' rebus: koḍ 'workshop'. Thus, iron/copper metalcasting workshop.

Meaning, artha: Trade (and metalwork wealth production) PLUS (wealth/business categories cited above).

h119

Svastika shape: sattva 'svastika' glyph Rebus: sattu, satavu, satuvu 'pewter' (Kannada) సత్తుతపెల a vessel made of pewter त्रपुधातुविशेषनिर्मितम् jasth जस्थ । त्रपु m. (sg. dat. jastas जस्तस्), zinc, spelter; pewter PLUS four strokes on each of four arms: gaṇḍa 'four' rebus: khaṇḍa 'implements'. Thus, pewter/spelter/zinc implements.

Meaning, artha: Trade (and metalwork wealth production) PLUS (wealth/business categories of implements cited above).

h120

Dot hieroglyph: dhāī˜ (Lahnda) 'a single strand of rope or thread' rebus: dhatu 'mineral ore' Four dots: Four minerals: haematite, laterite, magnetite PLUS copper ores. Four arms of + sign: gaṇḍa 'four' rebus kaṇḍ 'fire-altar' (Santali) . Thus, fire-altar for mineral ores.

Meaning, artha: Trade (and metalwork wealth production) PLUS (wealth/business categories of furnace (fire-altar) metal products).

h121

Four arms of + sign: gaṇḍa 'four' rebus kaṇḍ 'fire-altar' (Santali) . Thus, fire-altar (furnace).

Meaning, artha: Trade (and metalwork wealth production) PLUS (wealth/business categories of furnace (fire-altar) metal products).

h122

h123

h124

h125

h126

h127

khaṇḍa 'division'. rebus: kaṇḍa 'implements'

Four arms of + (square) sign: gaṇḍa 'four' rebus kaṇḍ 'fire-altar' (Santali) . Thus, fire-altar (furnace).

Meaning, artha: Trade (and metalwork wealth production) PLUS (wealth/business categories of furnace (fire-altar) metal products).

h128

Dot hieroglyph: dhāī˜ (Lahnda) 'a single strand of rope or thread' rebus: dhatu 'mineral ore' -- haematite, laterite, magnetite PLUS copper ores.

Meaning, artha: Trade (and metalwork wealth production) PLUS (wealth/business categories of furnace (fire-altar) mineral ore products).

h129

ayo 'fish' rebus: aya 'iron' ayas 'alloy metal' (R̥gveda) aya aDaren,'fish+superscript lid' Rebus: aya aduru 'iron/metal native unsmelted metal'

kanka, karṇika 'rim of jar'rebus: karṇī 'supercargo, scribe'

kolmo 'three' rebus:kolimi 'smithy, forge'

Meaning, artha: Trade (and metalwork wealth production) PLUS (wealth/business categories of furnace (fire-altar) metal products).

h130

kolmo 'rice plant' rebus: kolimi 'smithy, forge'
dula'two' rebus: dul 'metal casting'.
karã̄ n. pl. wristlets, bangles Rebus: khār खार् 'blacksmith'PLUS dhāḷ'slanted stroke' rebus: dhāḷako'ingot'. Thus, ingots (worked on by) blacksmiths.
kolom 'three' rebus: kolimi 'smithy, forge'
baṭa 'rimless, wide-mouthed pot' rebus: bhaṭa 'furnace' PLUS ḍabu 'an iron spoon' (Santali) Rebus: ḍab, ḍhimba, ḍhompo 'lump (ingot?). Thus, together, furnace ingots.
खांडा (p. 116) khāṇḍā A jag, notch, or indentation (as upon the edge of a tool or weapon). khaṇḍa 'implements' PLUS ayo 'fish' rebus: aya 'iron' ayas 'alloy metal' (R̥gveda) Thus, native metal implements.
(Lozenge) Split parenthesis (lozenge): mũh, muhã 'ingot' or muhã 'quantity of metal produced at one time in a native smelting furnace.' PLUS kolmo 'rice plant' rebus: kolimi 'smithy, forge'. Thus, ingot forge.
ranku'liquid measure' rebus: ranku'tin' PLUS dula'two' rebus: dul'metal casting'. Thus tin casting PLUS sal'splinter' rebus: sal'workshop'. Thus workshop for tin metal casting.

(Lozenge) Split parenthesis (lozenge): mũh, muhã 'ingot' or muhã 'quantity of metal produced at one time in a native smelting furnace.' PLUS kolom 'three' rebus: kolimi 'smithy, forge'. Thus, ingot forge.

kamaḍha 'archer, bow' Rebus: kammaṭa 'mint, coiner, coinage'.

Pk. ṭaṁka -- m., °kā -- f. ʻ leg ʼ, S. ṭaṅga f., L. P. ṭaṅg f., Ku. ṭã̄g, N. ṭāṅ; Or. ṭāṅka ʻ leg, thigh ʼ, °ku ʻ thigh, buttock ʼ. 2. B. ṭāṅ, ṭeṅri ʻ leg, thigh ʼ; Mth. ṭã̄g, ṭãgri ʻ leg, foot ʼ; Bhoj. ṭāṅ, ṭaṅari ʻ leg ʼ, Aw. lakh. H. ṭã̄g f.; G. ṭã̄g f., °gɔ m. ʻ leg from hip to foot ʼ; M. ṭã̄g f. ʻ leg ʼ(CDIAL 5428).Rebus: A. ṭāṅī ʻ wedge ʼ ṭaṅkaśālā-- , ṭaṅkakaś° f. ʻ mint ʼ lex. [ṭaṅka -- 1, śāˊlā -- ] N. ṭaksāl, °ār, B. ṭāksāl, ṭã̄k°, ṭek°, Bhoj. ṭaksār, H. ṭaksāl, °ār f., G. ṭãksāḷ f., M. ṭã̄ksāl, ṭāk°, ṭãk°, ṭak°. -- Deriv. G. ṭaksāḷī m. ʻ mint -- master ʼ, M. ṭāksāḷyā m. Brj. ṭaksāḷī, °sārī m. ʻ mint -- master ʼ. (CDIAL 5434)

Meaning, artha: Trade (and metalwork wealth production) PLUS (wealth/business categories of furnace (fire-altar) metal products).

h131

cīmara ‘black ant’ Rebus: cīmara‘copper’. cīmara kāra -- ʻcoppersmithʼ
Lozenge PLUS fins: Split parenthesis: mũh, muhã 'ingot' or muhã 'quantity of metal produced at one time in a native smelting furnace.' PLUS khambhaṛā 'fish-fin rebus: kammaṭa 'mint, coiner, coinage'. Thus, ingots mint.

koḍa 'sluice'; Rebus: koḍ 'artisan's workshop'

ranku 'liquid measure' rebus: ranku 'tin' PLUS dula 'two' rebus: dul 'metal casting'. Thus tin casting PLUS sal 'splinter' rebus: sal 'workshop'. Thus workshop for tin metal casting.

gaṇḍa 'four' rebus: khaṇḍa 'implements' PLUS kolom 'three' rebus: kolimi 'smithy, forge'. Together, smithy,forge (for) implements.

baṭa 'rimless, wide-mouthed pot' rebus: bhaṭa 'furnace' PLUS ḍabu 'an iron spoon' (Santali) Rebus: ḍab, ḍhimba, ḍhompo 'lump (ingot?). Thus, together, furnace ingots.

kolmo 'three' rebus:kolimi 'smithy, forge'

ayo 'fish' rebus: aya 'iron' ayas 'alloy metal' (R̥gveda) PLUS khambhaṛā 'fish-fin rebus: kammaṭa 'mint, coiner, coinage'.

aya 'iron' ayas 'alloy metal' (R̥gveda) PLUS dhāḷ'slanted stroke' rebus: dhāḷako 'ingot'

karã̄ n. pl. wristlets, bangles Rebus: khārखार् 'blacksmith'

dula'two' rebus: dul 'metal casting'

kanka, karṇika 'rim of jar'rebus: karṇī 'supercargo, scribe'

Meaning, artha: Metalwork wealth production) PLUS (wealth/business categories of furnace (fire-altar) metal products).

h132

kamaḍha 'crab' Rebus: kammaṭa 'mint, coiner, coinage'. ḍato = claws of crab (Santali) Rebus: dhātu 'mineral ore'.

aya 'iron' ayas 'alloy metal' (R̥gveda) PLUS dhāḷ 'slanted stroke' rebus: dhāḷako 'ingot'

ayo 'fish' rebus: aya 'iron' ayas 'alloy metal' (R̥gveda) PLUS khambhaṛā 'fish-fin rebus: kammaṭa 'mint, coiner, coinage'.

kanka, karṇika 'rim of jar'rebus: karṇī 'supercargo, scribe'

karã̄ n. pl. wristlets, bangles Rebus: khār खार् 'blacksmith'

मेंढा [ mēṇḍhā ] A crook or curved end (of a stick) Rebus: meḍ 'iron' PLUS 'five': taṭṭal 'five' rebus: ṭhaṭṭha brass (i.e. alloy of copper + zinc) *ṭhaṭṭha1 ʻbrassʼ. [Onom. from noise of hammering brass?]N. ṭhaṭṭar ʻ an alloy of copper and bell metal ʼ. *ṭhaṭṭhakāra ʻ brass worker ʼ. 1.Pk. ṭhaṭṭhāra -- m., K. ṭhö̃ṭhur m., S. ṭhã̄ṭhāro m., P. ṭhaṭhiār, °rā m.2. P. ludh. ṭhaṭherā m., Ku. ṭhaṭhero m., N. ṭhaṭero, Bi. ṭhaṭherā, Mth. ṭhaṭheri, H. ṭhaṭherā m.(CDIAL 5491, 5493). Thus, iron, brass and bell-metal (work)

(Lozenge) Split parenthesis: mũh, muhã 'ingot' or muhã 'quantity of metal produced at one time in a native smelting furnace.'PLUS kolmo 'rice plant' rebus: kolimi 'smithy, forge'. Thus, ingot forge.

kuṭi 'water-carrier' rebus: kuṭhi 'smelter' PLUS kanka, karṇika 'rim of jar'rebus: karṇī 'supercargo, scribe'.Thus supercargo of smelter metal product output.

Meaning, artha: Metalwork wealth production) PLUS (wealth/business categories of furnace (fire-altar) metal products).

h133

h134

kanac 'corner' rebus: kancu 'bell-metal' PLUS sal 'splinter' rebus:sal 'workshop'. Thus bronze/bell-metal workshop.

kolmo'three' rebus: kolimi'smithy, forge'.

ayo 'fish' rebus: aya 'iron' ayas 'alloy metal' (R̥gveda)

ranku'liquid measure' rebus: ranku 'tin'

kolmo'rice plant' rebus: kolimi'smithy, forge'
kanka, karṇika 'rim of jar'rebus: karṇī 'supercargo, scribe'

Meaning, artha: Trade (and metalwork wealth production) PLUS (wealth/business categories of furnace (fire-altar) metal products).arṇī 'supercargo, scribe'.

h135

kanac 'corner' rebus: kancu 'bell-metal' PLUS sal 'splinter' rebus: sal 'workshop'. Thus bronze/bell-metal workshop.

(Lozenge) Split parenthesis: mũh, muhã 'ingot' or muhã 'quantity of metal produced at one time in a native smelting furnace.'.PLUS kolmo 'rice plant' rebus: kolimi 'smithy, forge'. Thus, ingot forge.

खांडा (p. 116) khāṇḍā A jag, notch, or indentation (as upon the edge of a tool or weapon). khaṇḍa 'implements' PLUS ayo 'fish' rebus: aya 'iron' ayas 'alloy metal' (R̥gveda) Thus, native metal implements.
l
aḍar'harrow' Rebus: aduru 'native metal' (Kannada) PLUS dula'pair' rebus: dul'metal casting' PLUS kolmo'rice plant' rebus: kolimi 'smithy, forge'. Thus, native metal casting smithy/forge.

kanka, karṇika 'rim of jar'rebus: karṇī 'supercargo, scribe'

Meaning, artha: Trade (and metalwork wealth production) PLUS (wealth/business categories of furnace (fire-altar) metal products).arṇī 'supercargo, scribe'.

h136

ayo 'fish' rebus: aya 'iron' ayas 'alloy metal' (R̥gveda) aya aDaren,'fish+superscript lid' Rebus: aya aduru 'iron/metal native unsmelted metal'

baṭa 'rimless, wide-mouthed pot' rebus: bhaṭa 'furnace' PLUS ḍabu 'an iron spoon' (Santali) Rebus: ḍab, ḍhimba, ḍhompo 'lump (ingot?). Thus, together, furnace ingots.

kolom 'three' rebus: kolimi 'smithy, forge'

koḍa 'sluice'; Rebus: koḍ'artisan's workshop (Kuwi)

kolmo 'rice plant' rebus: kolimi 'smithy, forge'

Meaning, artha: Trade (and metalwork wealth production) PLUS (wealth/business categories of furnace (fire-altar) metal products).arṇī 'supercargo, scribe'.

h137

kanac 'corner' rebus: kancu 'bell-metal' PLUS sal 'splinter' rebus:sal 'workshop'. Thus bronze/bell-metal workshop.

aya 'iron' ayas 'alloy metal' (R̥gveda) PLUS dhāḷ 'slanted stroke' rebus: dhāḷako 'ingot'

baṭa 'rimless, wide-mouthed pot' rebus: bhaṭa 'furnace' PLUS ḍabu 'an iron spoon' (Santali) Rebus: ḍab, ḍhimba, ḍhompo 'lump (ingot?). Thus, together, furnace ingots.

kolom'three' rebus: kolimi 'smithy, forge'

loa 'ficus glomerata' Rebus: loha 'copper, iron'. PLUS karṇi 'ears' rebus: kanka, karṇika 'rim of jar'rebus: karṇī 'supercargo, scribe' for loha 'copper'

मेंढा [ mēṇḍhā ] A crook or curved end (of a stick) Rebus: meḍ 'iron' PLUS खांडा (p. 116) khāṇḍā A jag, notch, or indentation (as upon the edge of a tool or weapon). khaṇḍa 'implements'. Thus, iron implements.

kanka, karṇika 'rim of jar'rebus: karṇī 'supercargo, scribe'

Meaning, artha: Trade (and metalwork wealth production) PLUS (wealth/business categories of furnace (fire-altar) copper products).karṇī 'supercargo, scribe'.

h138

loa 'ficus glomerata' Rebus: loha 'copper, iron'. PLUS karṇi 'ears' rebus: kanka, karṇika 'rim of jar'rebus: karṇī 'supercargo, scribe' for loha 'copper'

kanka, karṇika 'rim of jar'rebus: karṇī 'supercargo, scribe'

Meaning, artha: Trade (and metalwork wealth production) PLUS (wealth/business categories of furnace (fire-altar) copper products).karṇī 'supercargo, scribe'.

h139

ḍhāla f (S through H) The grand flag of an army directing its march and encampments: also the standard or banner of a chieftain rebus: ḍhālako 'ingot'

kanac 'corner' rebus: kancu 'bell-metal'

mēṭu 'height, eminence, hillock' rebus: meḍ 'iron' (Mu.Ho.)

Meaning, artha: Metalwork wealth production) PLUS (wealth/business categories of furnace (fire-altar) bell-metal, iron ingots and products).

h140

kanac 'corner' rebus: kancu 'bell-metal' PLUS sal 'splinter' rebus: sal 'workshop'. Thus bronze/bell-metal workshop.

dula'two' rebus: dul'metal casting'

loa 'ficus glomerata' Rebus: loha 'copper, iron'.

kanka, karṇika 'rim of jar'rebus: karṇī 'supercargo, scribe'

Meaning, artha: Metalwork wealth production) PLUS (wealth/business categories of furnace (fire-altar) copper, iron products).karṇī 'supercargo, scribe'.

h141

ayo 'fish' rebus: aya 'iron' ayas 'alloy metal' (R̥gveda) aya aDaren,'fish+superscript lid' Rebus: aya aduru 'iron/metal native unsmelted metal'

ayo 'fish' rebus: aya 'iron' ayas 'alloy metal' (R̥gveda) PLUS dhāḷ 'slanted stroke' rebus: dhāḷako 'ingot'

sal'splinter' rebus: sal 'workshop'

aḍaren,'lid' Rebus: aduru 'native unsmelted metal' PLUS koḍa 'one' rebus: koḍ 'workshop'. Thus, unsmelted native metal workshop.

kolom'three' rebus: kolimi'smithy, forge'

kuṭila ‘bent’ CDIAL 3230 kuṭi— in cmpd. ‘curve’, kuṭika— ‘bent’ MBh. Rebus: kuṭila, katthīl = bronze (8 parts copper and 2 parts tin) cf. āra-kūṭa, 'brass' Old English ār 'brass, copper, bronze' Old Norse eir 'brass, copper', German ehern 'brassy, bronzen'. kastīra n. ʻ tin ʼ lex. 2. *kastilla -- .1. H. kathīr m. ʻ tin, pewter ʼ; G. kathīr n. ʻ pewter ʼ.2. H. (Bhoj.?) kathīl, °lā m. ʻ tin, pewter ʼ; M. kathīl n. ʻ tin ʼ, kathlẽ n. ʻ large tin vessel ʼ.(CDIAL 2984) कौटिलिकः kauṭilikḥ कौटिलिकः 1 A hunter.-2 A blacksmith.

dula 'two' rebus: dul'metal casting'

Meaning, artha: Metalwork wealth production) PLUS (wealth/business categories of furnace (fire-altar) copper, iron products).karṇī 'supercargo, scribe'.

h142

dāṭu 'cross' rebus: dhatu = mineral (Santali) Hindi. dhāṭnā 'to send out, pour out, cast (metal)' (CDIAL 6771) PLUS dhāḷ 'slanted stroke' rebus: dhāḷako 'ingot' PLUS खांडा (p. 116) khāṇḍā A jag, notch, or indentation (as upon the edge of a tool or weapon).  khaṇḍa 'implements'. Thus, ingots and implements

(Lozenge) Split parenthesis: mũh, muhã 'ingot' or muhã 'quantity of metal produced at one time in a native smelting furnace.' PLUS खांडा (p. 116) khāṇḍā A jag, notch, or indentation (as upon the edge of a tool or weapon).  khaṇḍa 'implements'. Thus, ingots and implements. (Semantic determinative)

Split parenthesis: mũh, muhã 'ingot' or muhã 'quantity of metal produced at one time in a native smelting furnace.' PLUS aḍaren,'lid' Rebus: aduru 'native unsmelted metal' PLUS koḍa 'one' rebus: koḍ 'workshop'. Thus, unsmelted native metal workshop for unsmelted metal ingots.

Split parenthesis: mũh, muhã 'ingot' or muhã 'quantity of metal produced at one time in a native smelting furnace.' PLUS  pōlaḍu, 'black drongo' rebus: pōlaḍ 'steel'. Thus, steel ingots.

kanka, karṇika 'rim of jar'rebus: karṇī 'supercargo, scribe'

Meaning, artha: Metalwork wealth production) PLUS (wealth/business categories of metal work products).karṇī 'supercargo, scribe'.

h143

dula 'two' rebus: dul 'metal casting'

kanac 'corner' rebus: kancu 'bell-metal'

kanka, karṇika 'rim of jar'rebus: karṇī 'supercargo, scribe'

मेंढा [ mēṇḍhā ] A crook or curved end (of a stick) Rebus: meḍ 'iron' PLUS gaṇḍa 'four' rebus: khaṇḍa 'implements' PLUS (semantic determinant) notch': खांडा (p. 116) khāṇḍā A jag, notch, or indentation (as upon the edge of a tool or weapon). khaṇḍa 'implements'.

(Lozenge) Split parenthesis: mũh, muhã 'ingot' or muhã 'quantity of metal produced at one time in a native smelting furnace.'.PLUS kolmo 'rice plant' rebus: kolimi 'smithy, forge'. Thus, ingot forge.

Meaning, artha: Metalwork wealth production) PLUS (wealth/business categories of metal work products).karṇī 'supercargo, scribe'.

h144

mũh, muhã 'ingot' or muhã 'quantity of metal produced at one time in a native smelting furnace.' PLUS dula'two' rebus: dul 'metal casting' PLUS koḍa 'one' rebus: koḍ 'workshop'. Thus, metalcasting and ingots workshop.

kamaḍha 'archer, bow' Rebus: kammaṭa 'mint, coiner, coinage'.

cīmara ‘black ant’ Rebus: cīmara‘copper’. cīmara kāra -- ʻ coppersmith ʼ

Meaning, artha: Trade (and metalwork wealth production) PLUS (wealth/business categories of metalwork products).karṇī 'supercargo, scribe'.

h145

h146

koḍa 'one' rebus: koḍ 'workshop'

मेंढा [ mēṇḍhā ] A crook or curved end (of a stick) Rebus: meḍ 'iron'

PLUS kolom 'three' rebus: kolimi 'smithy, forge'. Thus iron forge

(Lozenge) Split parenthesis: mũh, muhã 'ingot' or muhã 'quantity of metal produced at one time in a native smelting furnace.'.PLUS kolmo'rice plant' rebus: kolimi'smithy, forge'. Thus, ingot forge.

kuṭi 'water-carrier' rebus: kuṭhi 'smelter' PLUS kanka, karṇika 'rim of jar'rebus: karṇī 'supercargo, scribe'.Thus supercargo of smelter metal product output.

Meaning, artha: Metalwork wealth production) PLUS (wealth/business categories of metalwork products).karṇī 'supercargo, scribe'.

h147

sal 'splinter' rebus: sal 'workshop' PLUS खांडा (p. 116) khāṇḍā A jag, notch, or indentation (as upon the edge of a tool or weapon). khaṇḍa 'implements'. Thus, implements workshop.

karã̄ n. pl. wristlets, bangles Rebus: khār खार् 'blacksmith'

kanka, karṇika 'rim of jar'rebus: karṇī 'supercargo, scribe'

Meaning, artha: Metalwork wealth production) PLUS (wealth/business categories of metal work products).karṇī 'supercargo, scribe'.

h148

ayo 'fish' rebus: aya 'iron' ayas 'alloy metal' (R̥gveda) aya aḍaren,'fish+superscript lid' Rebus: aya aduru 'iron/metal native unsmelted metal'

ayo 'fish' rebus: aya 'iron' ayas 'alloy metal' (R̥gveda) PLUS khambhaṛā 'fish-fin rebus: kammaṭa 'mint, coiner, coinage'.

Or. kāṇḍa, kã̄ṛ ʻstalk, arrowʼ(CDIAL 3023) rebus: kaṇḍa 'implements'.

Meaning, artha: Metalwork wealth production) PLUS (wealth/business categories of metal work implements, mintwork products)

h149

āra 'spokes' rebus: āra 'brass' PLUS sal 'splinter' rebus sal 'workshop'

ayo 'fish' rebus: aya 'iron' ayas 'alloy metal' (R̥gveda) aya aDaren,'fish+superscript lid' Rebus: aya aduru 'iron/metal native unsmelted metal'

kole.l'temple' rebus: kole.l'smithy, forge'

mũh, muhã 'ingot' or muhã 'quantity of metal produced at one time in a native smelting furnace.'.PLUS kolmo 'rice plant' PLUS khambhaṛā 'fish-fin rebus: kammaṭa 'mint, coiner, coinage'.

baṭa 'rimless, wide-mouthed pot' rebus: bhaṭa 'furnace' PLUS ḍabu 'an iron spoon' (Santali) Rebus: ḍab, ḍhimba, ḍhompo 'lump (ingot?). Thus, together, furnace ingots.

kolom 'three' rebus: kolimi 'smithy, forge'

kolmo 'rice plant' rebus: kolimi 'smithy, forge'.

Meaning, artha: Metalwork wealth production PLUS (wealth/business categories of metal work implements, mintwork products)

h150

kolom 'three' rebus: kolimi 'smithy, forge' PLUS kuṭila ‘bent’ CDIAL 3230 kuṭi— in cmpd. ‘curve’, kuṭika— ‘bent’ MBh. Rebus: kuṭila, katthīl = bronze (8 parts copper and 2 parts tin) cf. āra-kūṭa, 'brass' Old English ār 'brass, copper, bronze' Old Norse eir 'brass, copper', German ehern 'brassy, bronzen'. kastīra n. ʻ tin ʼ lex. 2. *kastilla -- .1. H. kathīr m. ʻ tin, pewter ʼ; G. kathīr n. ʻ pewter ʼ.2. H. (Bhoj.?) kathīl, °lā m. ʻ tin, pewter ʼ; M. kathīl n. ʻ tin ʼ, kathlẽ n. ʻ large tin vessel ʼ.(CDIAL 2984) कौटिलिकः kauṭilikḥ कौटिलिकः 1 A hunter.-2 A blacksmith. Thus, brass, bronze, coppper smithy/forge.

kanka, karṇika 'rim of jar' rebus: karṇī 'supercargo' PLUS kolom 'three' rebus: kolimi 'smithy, forge'

Meaning, artha: Metalwork wealth production PLUS (wealth/business categories of metal work implements, mintwork products)

h151

cīmara ‘black ant’ Rebus: cīmara‘copper’. cīmara kāra -- ʻ coppersmith ʼPLUS dhāḷ 'slanted stroke' rebus: dhāḷako 'ingot' PLUS खांडा (p. 116) khāṇḍā A jag, notch, or indentation (as upon the edge of a tool or weapon). khaṇḍa 'implements'. Thus, coppersmith ingots and implements.

gaṇḍa 'four' rebus: khaṇḍa 'implements' PLUS kolmo 'three' rebus: kolimi 'smithy, forge'.

kolmo'three' rebus: kolimi'smithy, forge'.

Meaning, artha: Metalwork wealth production PLUS (wealth/business categories of metal work implements, mintwork products)

h152

मेंढा [ mēṇḍhā ] A crook or curved end (of a stick) Rebus: meḍ 'iron' PLUS gaṇḍa 'four' rebus: khaṇḍa 'implements.

(Lozenge) Split parenthesis: mũh, muhã 'ingot' or muhã 'quantity of metal produced at one time in a native smelting furnace.'.PLUS kolmo 'rice plant' rebus: kolimi 'smithy, forge'. Thus, ingot forge.

kuṭi 'water-carrier' rebus: kuṭhi 'smelter' PLUS kanka, karṇika 'rim of jar'rebus: karṇī 'supercargo, scribe'.Thus supercargo of smelter metal product output.

Meaning, artha: Metalwork wealth production PLUS (wealth/business categories of metal work implements, mintwork products)

h153

bhaṭā 'warrior' rebus: bhaṭa 'furnace'

baṭa 'rimless, wide-mouthed pot' rebus: bhaṭa 'furnace' PLUS ḍabu 'an iron spoon' (Santali) Rebus: ḍab, ḍhimba, ḍhompo 'lump (ingot?). Thus, together, furnace ingots.

kolmo 'rice plant' rebus: kolimi 'smithy, forge'.

Meaning, artha: Metalwork wealth production PLUS (wealth/business categories of metal work implements, mintwork products)

h154

kanac 'corner' rebus: kancu 'bell-metal' PLUS sal 'splinter' rebus:sal 'workshop'. Thus bronze/bell-metal workshop.

खांडा (p. 116) khāṇḍā A jag, notch, or indentation (as upon the edge of a tool or weapon). khaṇḍa 'implements'

मेंढा [ mēṇḍhā ] A crook or curved end (of a stick) Rebus: meḍ 'iron'

PLUS kolom 'three' rebus: kolimi 'smithy, forge'. Thus iron forge

h155

daürā 'rope' Rebus dhāvḍā 'smelter';

kanac 'corner' rebus: kancu 'bell-metal'

ḍhāla f (S through H) The grand flag of an army directing its march and encampments: also the standard or banner of a chieftain rebus: ḍhālako 'ingot'
खांडा (p. 116) khāṇḍā A jag, notch, or indentation (as upon the edge of a tool or weapon). khaṇḍa 'implements'.

baraḍo 'spine, backbone' rebus: baran, bharat ‘mixed alloys’ (5 copper, 4 zinc and 1 tin) (Punjabi)

kanka, karṇika 'rim of jar'rebus: karṇī 'supercargo, scribe'

Meaning, artha: Metalwork wealth production PLUS (wealth/business categories of metal work implements, mintwork products)

h156

Split parenthesis: mũh, muhã 'ingot' or muhã 'quantity of metal produced at one time in a native smelting furnace.' PLUS gaṇḍa 'four' rebus: khaṇḍa 'implements' PLUS kolom 'three' rebus: kolimi 'smithy, forge'. Together, smithy,forge (for) implements and ingots.

kanka, karṇika 'rim of jar'rebus: karṇī 'supercargo, scribe'

Meaning, artha: Metalwork wealth production PLUS (wealth/business categories of metal work implements, mintwork products)

h157

mēṭu 'height, eminence, hillock' rebus: meḍ 'iron' (Mu.Ho.)

khaṇḍa 'division'. rebus: kaṇḍa 'implements'

kuṭi 'water-carrier' rebus: kuṭhi 'smelter' PLUS kanka, karṇika 'rim of jar'rebus: karṇī 'supercargo, scribe'.Thus supercargo of smelter metal product output.

Meaning, artha: Metalwork seafaring trade (helmsman) and wealth production PLUS (wealth/business categories of metal work implements, mintwork products)

h158

ranku'liquid measure' rebus:ranku 'tin'

kolmo 'rice plant' rebus: kolimi 'smithy, forge'.

kanka, karṇika 'rim of jar'rebus: karṇī 'supercargo, scribe'

खांडा (p. 116) khāṇḍā A jag, notch, or indentation (as upon the edge of a tool or weapon). khaṇḍa 'implements'.

मेंढा [ mēṇḍhā ] A crook or curved end (of a stick) Rebus: meḍ 'iron' PLUS kolom 'three' rebus: kolimi 'smithy, forge'. Thus, iron forge.

(Lozenge) Split parenthesis: mũh, muhã 'ingot' or muhã 'quantity of metal produced at one time in a native smelting furnace.'.PLUS kolmo 'rice plant' rebus: kolimi 'smithy, forge'. Thus, ingot forge.

kuṭi 'water-carrier' rebus: kuṭhi 'smelter' PLUS kanka, karṇika 'rim of jar'rebus: karṇī 'supercargo, scribe'.Thus supercargo of smelter metal product output.

Meaning, artha: Metalwork seafaring trade (helmsman) and wealth production PLUS (wealth/business categories of metal work implements, mintwork products)

h159

kāru pincers, tongs. Rebus: khār खार् 'blacksmith' PLUS खांडा (p. 116) khāṇḍā A jag, notch, or indentation (as upon the edge of a tool or weapon). khaṇḍa 'implements'. Thus, ingots and implements. Thus, implements (maker) blacksmith.

Meaning, artha: Metalwork and wealth production PLUS (wealth/business categories of metal work implements, mintwork products)

h160h

मेंढा [ mēṇḍhā ] A crook or curved end (of a stick) Rebus: meḍ 'iron' PLUS gaṇḍa 'four' rebus: khaṇḍa 'implements'. Thus, iron implements.

(lozenge) Split parenthesis: mũh, muhã 'ingot' or muhã 'quantity of metal produced at one time in a native smelting furnace.'.PLUS kolmo 'rice plant' rebus: kolimi 'smithy, forge'. Thus, ingot forge.

kuṭi 'water-carrier' rebus: kuṭhi 'smelter' PLUS kanka, karṇika 'rim of jar'rebus: karṇī 'supercargo, scribe'.Thus supercargo of smelter metal product output.

khareḍo = a currycomb (G.) Rebus: kharādī ' turner' (Gujarati) PLUS kāmsako, kāmsiyo= a large sized comb (G.) Rebus: kaṁsa 'bronze' (Telugu)

gaṇḍa 'four' rebus: khaṇḍa 'implements' PLUS kolom 'three' rebus: kolimi 'smithy, forge'. Together, smithy,forge (for) implements.

ḍhāla f (S through H) The grand flag of an army directing its march and encampments: also the standard or banner of a chieftain rebus: ḍhālako 'ingot'.

Meaning, artha: Metalwork and seafaring merchant trade for wealth production PLUS (wealth/business categories of metal work implements, mintwork products)

h161

aya 'iron' ayas 'alloy metal' (R̥gveda) PLUS dhāḷ 'slanted stroke' rebus: dhāḷako 'ingot'.

śrētrī ʻladderʼ rebus: seṭṭha 'guild-master'

kuṭila ‘bent’ CDIAL 3230 kuṭi— in cmpd. ‘curve’, kuṭika— ‘bent’ MBh. Rebus: kuṭila, katthīl = bronze (8 parts copper and 2 parts tin) cf. āra-kūṭa, 'brass' Old English ār 'brass, copper, bronze' Old Norse eir 'brass, copper', German ehern 'brassy, bronzen'. kastīra n. ʻ tin ʼ lex. 2. *kastilla -- .1. H. kathīr m. ʻ tin, pewter ʼ; G. kathīr n. ʻ pewter ʼ.2. H. (Bhoj.?) kathīl, °lā m. ʻ tin, pewter ʼ; M. kathīl n. ʻ tin ʼ, kathlẽ n. ʻ large tin vessel ʼ.(CDIAL 2984) कौटिलिकः kauṭilikḥ कौटिलिकः 1 A hunter.-2 A blacksmith

aḍaren,'lid' Rebus: aduru 'native unsmelted metal' PLUS koḍa 'one' rebus: koḍ 'workshop'. Thus, unsmelted native metal workshop.
'kolom 'three' rebus: kolimi 'smithy, forge' PLUS dula 'two' rebus: dul 'metal casting'. Thus,metalcasting smithy (synonym: dhokra kamar)

kanka, karṇika 'rim of jar'rebus: karṇī 'supercargo, scribe'.

Meaning, artha: Metalwork wealth production... PLUS (wealth/business categories cited above).

h162

ranku'liquid measure' rebus: ranku'tin' PLUS koḍa 'one' rebus: koḍ 'workshop'. Thus, tin workshop.

kuṭila ‘bent’ CDIAL 3230 kuṭi— in cmpd. ‘curve’, kuṭika— ‘bent’ MBh. Rebus: kuṭila, katthīl = bronze (8 parts copper and 2 parts tin) cf. āra-kūṭa, 'brass' Old English ār 'brass, copper, bronze' Old Norse eir 'brass, copper', German ehern 'brassy, bronzen'. kastīra n. ʻ tin ʼ lex. 2. *kastilla -- .1. H. kathīr m. ʻ tin, pewter ʼ; G. kathīr n. ʻ pewter ʼ.2. H. (Bhoj.?) kathīl, °lā m. ʻ tin, pewter ʼ; M. kathīl n. ʻ tin ʼ, kathlẽ n. ʻ large tin vessel ʼ.(CDIAL 2984) कौटिलिकः kauṭilikḥ कौटिलिकः 1 A hunter.-2 A blacksmith.

mũh, muhã 'ingot' or muhã 'quantity of metal produced at one time in a native smelting furnace.'.PLUS gaṇḍa 'four' rebus: khaṇḍa 'implements'. Thus, implements forge.

gō̃ṭu an ornamental appendage to the border of a cloth, fringe' (Telugu) Rebus 1: gota (laterite, ferrite ore) Rebus 2: goṭā 'gold-braid' 3: khoṭa 'ingot, wedge'

Meaning, artha: Metalwork wealth production... PLUS (wealth/business categories cited above).

h163

kuṭi 'tree' Rebus: kuṭhi 'smelting furnace'

kol 'tiger' Rebus: kolhe 'smelter',kol'working in iron' PLUS krammara 'look back' rebus;kamar 'smith'. Thus, iron smith.

heraka 'spy' rebus: eraka 'moltencast copper' ...

Meaning, artha: Metalwork wealth production... PLUS (wealth/business categories iron smelting and copperwork cited above).

h164

kanac 'corner' rebus: kancu 'bell-metal' PLUS sal 'splinter' rebus: sal 'workshop'. Thus bronze/bell-metal workshop.

meḍ 'body' rebus: meḍ 'iron' med 'copper' (Slavic) PLUS dula'two' rebus: dul 'metalcasting'. Thus, copper-/metal- casters.

kuṭi 'water-carrier' rebus: kuṭhi 'smelter' PLUS Or. kāṇḍa, kã̄ṛ ʻstalk, arrowʼ(CDIAL 3023) rebus: kaṇḍa 'implements'.Thus, implements smelter.

Meaning, artha: Metalwork wealth production... PLUS (wealth/business categories iron smelting and copperwork cited above).

h165

h166

eruvai 'eagle' Rebus: eruvai 'copper'

gaṇḍa 'four' rebus kaṇḍ 'fire-altar' (Santali) . Thus, fire-altar for copperwork.

h167

dula'two' rebus; dul'metal casting'

kanac 'corner' rebus: kancu 'bell-metal'

h168

As in h96:

Composite animal hypertext --hieroglyph components:

sangaḍa 'joined parts of animals' (Marathi) rebus: sangar 'trade'

Trunk of elephant: karibha, ibha 'elephant' rebus: karba, ib 'iron' ibbo 'merchant'; dāntā 'tooth, tusk' rebus: dhāˊtu 'ore of red colour' (ferrite ores, copper ores)

Human face:mũh 'face' rebus: mũh, muhã 'ingot' or muhã 'quantity of metal produced at one time in a native smelting furnace.'

Scarf: dhatu 'scarf' Rebus: dhatu 'mineral ore'

Forelegs of bovine: barad, balad 'ox' rebus: baran, bharat ‘mixed alloys’ (5 copper, 4 zinc and 1 tin) (Punjabi)

Hindlegs of tiger:kol 'tiger' Rebus: kolhe 'smelter',kol 'working in iron/'

Rebus 1: tin or metal foil: फणिन् [p= 716,2] n. (prob.) tin or lead Ka1lac. panī f. ʻ tinfoil ʼ(Sindhi)

h169 (Silver seal)

Field symbol: कोंद kōnda 'young bull' rebus: कोंद kōnda 'engraver, script'

(lozenge): mũh, muhã 'ingot' or muhã 'quantity of metal produced at one time in a native smelting furnace.'

h170

Field symbol: "Trade (and metalwork wealth production) of kōnda sangara metalwork engraver (in) " signified by the expression composed of two hypertexts: 1. pictorial motif of young bull PLUS 2. pictorial motif of lathe-furnace device.

(Note: sangara 'trade' is rebus reading of sãgaḍ 'lathe, portable furnace' pictured in front of a young bull on many inscriptions).

ranku 'liquid measure' rebus: ranku 'tin' PLUS koḍa 'one' rebus: koḍ 'workshop'. Thus, tin workshop.

kole.l'temple' rebus: kole.l'smithy, forge'

mēṭu 'height, eminence, hillock' rebus: meḍ gaṇḍa 'four' rebus: khaṇḍa 'implements' 'iron' (Mu.Ho.) PLUS dula 'two' rebus: dul 'metalcasting' Thus, metalcsting and metal implements.

mũh, muhã 'ingot' or muhã 'quantity of metal produced at one time in a native smelting furnace.'.PLUS dula 'two' rebus: dul 'metal casting' PLUS kolmo 'smithy' rebus: kolimi 'smithy, forge'. Thus, ingots forge.

Meaning, artha: Metalwork wealth production... PLUS (wealth/business categories iron smelting and copperwork cited above).

h171

Field symbol: कोंद kōnda 'young bull' rebus: कोंद kōnda 'engraver, script'

खांडा (p. 116) khāṇḍā A jag, notch, or indentation (as upon the edge of a tool or weapon). khaṇḍa 'implements' PLUS ayo 'fish' rebus: aya 'iron' ayas 'alloy metal' (R̥gveda) . Thus, alloy metal implements.

kamaḍha 'crab' Rebus: kammaṭa 'mint, coiner, coinage'. ḍato = claws of crab (Santali)
Rebus: dhātu 'mineral ore'.

baraḍo 'spine, backbone' rebus: baran, bharat ‘mixed alloys’ (5 copper, 4 zinc and 1 tin) (Punjabi)

kanka, karṇika 'rim of jar'rebus: karṇī 'supercargo, scribe'

Meaning, artha: Metalwork wealth production... PLUS (wealth/business categories iron smelting and copperwork cited above).

h172

Field symbol: Crocodile PLUS fish: ayo 'fish' rebus: aya 'iron' ayas 'alloy metal' PLUS karā
crocodile' rebus: khār 'blacksmith'

मेंढा [ mēṇḍhā ] A crook or curved end (of a stick) Rebus: meḍ 'iron'

kanka, karṇika 'rim of jar'rebus: karṇī 'supercargo, scribe'

khareḍo = a currycomb (G.) Rebus: kharādī ' turner' (Gujarati) PLUS kāmsako, kāmsiyo= a large sized comb (G.) Rebus: kaṁsa 'bronze' (Telugu)

karã̄ n. pl. wristlets, bangles Rebus: khārखार् 'blacksmith'

baṭa 'rimless, wide-mouthed pot' rebus: bhaṭa 'furnace' PLUS mũh, muhã 'ingot' or muhã 'quantity of metal produced at one time in a native smelting furnace.' Thus, ingots furnace.

Meaning, artha: Metalwork wealth production... PLUS (wealth/business categories iron smelting and copperwork cited above).

h173

Field symbol: Crocodile PLUS fish: ayo 'fish' rebus: aya 'iron' ayas 'alloy metal' PLUS karā
crocodile' rebus: khār 'blacksmith'

kamaḍha 'crab' Rebus: kammaṭa 'mint, coiner, coinage'. ḍato = claws of crab (Santali) Rebus: dhātu 'mineral ore'.

h174

Field symbol: Crocodile PLUS fish: ayo 'fish' rebus: aya 'iron' ayas 'alloy metal' PLUS karā
crocodile' rebus: khār 'blacksmith'

mēṭu 'height, eminence, hillock' rebus: meḍ 'iron' (Mu.Ho.)

gaṇḍa 'four' rebus: khaṇḍa 'implements' PLUS kolmo 'three' rebus: kolimi 'smithy, forge'.

kanka, karṇika 'rim of jar'rebus: karṇī 'supercargo, scribe'

khareḍo = a currycomb (G.) Rebus: kharādī ' turner' (Gujarati) PLUS kāmsako, kāmsiyo= a large sized comb (G.) Rebus: kaṁsa 'bronze' (Telugu)

Meaning, artha: Metalwork wealth production... PLUS (wealth/business categories iron smelting and copperwork cited above).

h175

Field symbol: Hoofed legs of warrior: dhangar 'bull'dhangar 'blacksmith' bhaṭā 'warrior' rebus: bhaṭa 'furnace'

kuṭila ‘bent’ CDIAL 3230 kuṭi— in cmpd. ‘curve’, kuṭika— ‘bent’ MBh. Rebus: kuṭila, katthīl = bronze (8 parts copper and 2 parts tin) cf. āra-kūṭa, 'brass'  Old English ār 'brass, copper, bronze' Old Norse eir 'brass, copper', German ehern 'brassy, bronzen'. kastīra n. ʻ tin ʼ lex. 2. *kastilla -- .1. H. kathīr m. ʻ tin, pewter ʼ; G. kathīr n. ʻ pewter ʼ.2. H. (Bhoj.?) kathīl, °lā m. ʻ tin, pewter ʼ; M. kathīl n. ʻ tin ʼ, kathlẽ n. ʻ large tin vessel ʼ.(CDIAL 2984) कौटिलिकः kauṭilikḥ कौटिलिकः 1 A hunter.-2 A blacksmith PLUS dhāḷ 'slanted stroke' rebus: dhāḷako 'ingot' PLUS खांडा (p. 116) khāṇḍā A jag, notch, or indentation (as upon the edge of a tool or weapon).  khaṇḍa 'implements'. Thus, ingots and implements of copper, brass, bronze.

kanka, karṇika 'rim of jar'rebus: karṇī 'supercargo, scribe' PLUS खांडा (p. 116) khāṇḍā A jag, notch, or indentation (as upon the edge of a tool or weapon).  khaṇḍa 'implements'. Thus, supercargo of implements.

taṭṭal 'five' rebus:  ṭhaṭṭha brass (i.e. alloy of copper + zinc) *ṭhaṭṭha1 ʻbrassʼ. [Onom. from noise of hammering brass?]N. ṭhaṭṭar ʻ an alloy of copper and bell metal ʼ. *ṭhaṭṭhakāra ʻ brass worker ʼ. 1.Pk. ṭhaṭṭhāra -- m., K. ṭhö̃ṭhur m., S. ṭhã̄ṭhāro m., P. ṭhaṭhiār, °rā m.2. P. ludh. ṭhaṭherā m., Ku. ṭhaṭhero m., N. ṭhaṭero, Bi. ṭhaṭherā, Mth. ṭhaṭheri, H. ṭhaṭherā m.(CDIAL 5491, 5493)

ḍhāla f (S through H) The grand flag of an army directing its march and encampments: also the standard or banner of a chieftain rebus: ḍhālako 'ingot'

baṭa 'rimless, wide-mouthed pot' rebus: bhaṭa 'furnace' PLUS ḍabu 'an iron spoon' (Santali) Rebus: ḍab, ḍhimba, ḍhompo 'lump (ingot?). Thus, together, furnace ingots.

kuṭila ‘bent’ CDIAL 3230 kuṭi— in cmpd. ‘curve’, kuṭika— ‘bent’ MBh. Rebus: kuṭila, katthīl = bronze (8 parts copper and 2 parts tin) cf. āra-kūṭa, 'brass'  Old English ār 'brass, copper, bronze' Old Norse eir 'brass, copper', German ehern 'brassy, bronzen'. kastīra n. ʻ tin ʼ lex. 2. *kastilla -- .1. H. kathīr m. ʻ tin, pewter ʼ; G. kathīr n. ʻ pewter ʼ.2. H. (Bhoj.?) kathīl, °lā m. ʻ tin, pewter ʼ; M. kathīl n. ʻ tin ʼ, kathlẽ n. ʻ large tin vessel ʼ.(CDIAL 2984) कौटिलिकः kauṭilikḥ कौटिलिकः 1 A hunter.-2 A blacksmith PLUS dhāḷ 'slanted stroke' rebus: dhāḷako 'ingot' PLUS खांडा (p. 116) khāṇḍā A jag, notch, or indentation (as upon the edge of a tool or weapon).  khaṇḍa 'implements'. Thus, ingots and implements of copper, brass, bronze. PLUD dula 'double' rebus: dul 'metal casting'. Thus metalcastings of bell-metal, bronze, brass.

Meaning, artha: Metalwork wealth production... PLUS (wealth/business categories iron smelting and copperwork cited above).

h176

Field symbol hieroglyphs 1: barad, balad 'ox' rebus: baran, bharat ‘mixed alloys’ (5 copper, 4 zinc and 1 tin) (Punjabi) kole.l'temple' rebus: kole.l'smithy, forge'

Field symbol hieroglyphs 2:

kol 'tiger' Rebus: kolhe 'smelter',kol 'working in iron' PLUS krammara 'look back' rebus;kamar 'smith'. Thus, iron smith.

kamaḍha 'penance' Rebus: kammaṭa 'mint, coiner, coinage'.

mēḍa 'platform, hillock' rebus meḍ 'iron'.

āra 'spokes' rebus: āra 'brass' PLUS dula'two' rebus: dul'metal casting'.Thus brass metalcastings.

kanka, karṇika 'rim of jar'rebus: karṇī 'supercargo, scribe'

Meaning, artha: Metalwork wealth production... PLUS (wealth/business categories iron smelting and copperwork cited above).

h177

kanac 'corner' rebus: kancu 'bell-metal' PLUS sal 'splinter' rebus:sal 'workshop'. Thus bronze/bell-metal workshop.

koḍa 'one' rebus: koḍ 'workshop'

baṭa 'rimless, wide-mouthed pot' rebus: bhaṭa 'furnace' PLUS ḍabu 'an iron spoon' (Santali) Rebus: ḍab, ḍhimba, ḍhompo 'lump (ingot?). Thus, together, furnace ingots.

kuṭi 'water-carrier' rebus: kuṭhi 'smelter'

kolom'three' rebus: kolimi'smithy, forge'

baṭa 'rimless, wide-mouthed pot' rebus: bhaṭa 'furnace'

Meaning, artha: Metalwork wealth production... PLUS (wealth/business categories iron smelting and copperwork cited above).

h178

Field symbol: Hoofed legs of warrior: dhangar 'bull' dhangar 'blacksmith' bhaṭā 'warrior' rebus: bhaṭa 'furnace'

h179

Field symbol: Hoofed legs of warrior: dhangar 'bull' dhangar 'blacksmith'bhaṭā 'warrior' rebus: bhaṭa 'furnace'

baraḍo 'spine, backbone' rebus: baran, bharat ‘mixed alloys’ (5 copper, 4 zinc and 1 tin) (Punjabi)

kanka, karṇika 'rim of jar'rebus: karṇī 'supercargo, scribe'

Meaning, artha: Metalwork wealth production... PLUS (wealth/business categories iron smelting and copperwork cited above).

h180

Field symbol: kol 'tiger' Rebus: kolhe 'smelter',kol 'working in iron/' PLUS dula 'two' rebus: dul 'metal casting'. Thus, smelting and metal casting.

Dishevelled hair: . rabca'dishevelled' Rebus: రాచrāca (adj.) Pertaining to a stone (ore) (bica, haematite ore).

ḍhāla f (S through H) The grand flag of an army directing its march and encampments: also the standard or banner of a chieftain rebus: ḍhālako 'ingot'

mēḍa'platform, hillock' rebus meḍ'iron'.

ranku 'liquid measure' rebus: ranku 'tin'

kolmo 'three' rebus: kolimi 'smithy, forge'.

kuṭi 'water-carrier' rebus: kuṭhi 'smelter'

Harappa tablet h180 (section). One glyph composition enlarged to show the crocodile ligature close to pudendum muliebre of the female with thighs apart and shown lying upside down.

kola ‘woman’; rebus: kol ‘iron’. kola ‘blacksmith’ (Ka.); kollë ‘blacksmith’ (Koḍ)

The glyphic elements shown on the tablet are: copulation, vagina, crocodile. h180 tablet.

The glyph showing the image of a crocodile issuing forth from a female with thighs drawn apart is one side of a tablet h180. Same text is repeated on both sides.

The glyphic elements shown on the tablet are: copulation, vagina, crocodile. h180 tablet.

Hieroglyphic composition: ‘copulation’: kamḍa, khamḍa 'copulation' (Santali) Rebus: kammaṭi a coiner (Ka.); kampaṭṭam coinage, coin, mint (Ta.) kammaṭa = mint, gold furnace (Te.) Vikalpa: kaṇḍa ‘stone (ore)’.

Glyph: vagina: kuṭhi ‘vagina’; kuṭhi ‘pudendum muliebre’ (Mu.) khoḍu m. ‘vulva’ (CDIAL 3947). rebus: kuṭhi ‘smelting furnace’. Rebus: kuṭhi ‘smelter furnace’ (Mu.)khŏḍ m. ‘pit’, khö̆ḍü f. ‘small pit’ (Kashmiri. CDIAL 3947)

The descriptive glyphics indicates that the smelting furnace is for stone (ore). This is distinquished from sand ore.

Crocodile (copulating with or) issuing forth from the womb: karā 'crocodile' (Telugu) khār 'blacksmith' (Kashmiri)

kāru a wild crocodile or alligator (Te.) mosale ‘wild crocodile or alligator. S. ghaṛyālu m. ʻ long — snouted porpoise ʼ; N. ghaṛiyāl ʻ crocodile’ (Telugu)ʼ; A. B. ghãṛiyāl ʻ alligator ʼ, Or. Ghaṛiāḷa, H. ghaṛyāl, ghariār m. (CDIAL 4422) கரவு² karavu

, n. < கரா. cf. grāha. Alligator; முதலை. கரவார்தடம் (திவ். திருவாய். 8, 9, 9).

கரா karā , n. prob. grāha. 1. A species of alligator; முதலை. கராவதன் காலினைக்கதுவ (திவ். பெரியதி. 2, 3, 9). 2. Male alligator; ஆண்முதலை. (பிங்.)

கராம் karām , n. prob. grāha. 1. A species of alligator; முதலைவகை. முதலையு மிடங்கருங் கராமும் (குறிஞ்சிப். 257). 2. Male alligator; ஆண் முதலை. (திவா.)

கரவா karavā , n. A sea-fish of vermilion colour, Upeneus cinnabarinus; கடல்மீன்வகை.

An example of wealth-creation by metalwork artisans of Sarasvati-Sindhu civilization:

h132

kamaḍha 'crab' Rebus: kammaṭa 'mint, coiner, coinage'. ḍato = claws of crab (Santali) Rebus: dhātu 'mineral ore'.

खांडा (p. 116) khāṇḍā A jag, notch, or indentation (as upon the edge of a tool or weapon). khaṇḍa 'implements' PLUS ayo 'fish' rebus: aya 'iron' ayas 'alloy metal' (R̥gveda) Thus, native metal implements

ayo 'fish' rebus: aya 'iron' ayas 'alloy metal' (R̥gveda) PLUS dhāḷ 'slanted stroke' rebus: dhāḷako 'ingot'

kanka, karṇika 'rim of jar'rebus: karṇī 'supercargo, scribe'

kolmo 'three' rebus: kolimi 'smithy, forge'.

karã̄ n. pl. wristlets, bangles Rebus: khār खार् 'blacksmith' PLUS dhāḷ 'slanted stroke' rebus: dhāḷako 'ingot'. Thus, ingots (worked on by) blacksmiths.

मेंढा [ mēṇḍhā ] A crook or curved end (of a stick) Rebus: meḍ 'iron'

PLUS kolom 'three' rebus: kolimi 'smithy, forge'. Thus iron forge

Split parenthesis (lozenge): mũh, muhã 'ingot' or muhã 'quantity of metal produced at one time in a native smelting furnace.'.PLUS kolmo 'rice plant' rebus: kolimi 'smithy, forge'. Thus, ingot forge.

kuṭi 'water-carrier' rebus: kuṭhi 'smelter' PLUS kanka, karṇika 'rim of jar'rebus: karṇī 'supercargo, scribe'.Thus supercargo of smelter metal product output.

Meaning, artha: Metalwork wealth production) PLUS (wealth/business categories of metalwork products).karṇī 'supercargo, scribe'.

Harappa inscriptions Set 2 Metalwork catalogues document wealth-creation by Meluhha artisans

Logical connection, anvaya, of hieroglyphs/hypertexts of Harappa inscriptions to artha 'wealth, business, meaning' -- Set 1 http://tinyurl.com/lnrjja8

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