Mirror: http://tinyurl.com/n8aeefb
Background
Indus Script Corpora is artha samgraha, 'metalwork catalogues' of meluhha (mleccha) 'copper' artisans. This is demonstrated as Meluhha samhitā using Hariyūpiyā (Harappa) inscriptions of the Corpora. Background In the following readings, an abbreviation h refers to Harappa.
https://independent.academia.edu/SriniKalyanaraman presents over 800 monographs explaining the form and functions of Meluhha Indus Script cipher and archaeo-metallurgical contexts dealing with thousands of inscriptions of the civilization from an extensive area extending from Hanoi (Vietnam) to Haifa (Israel) and with evidences from texts/inscriptions of ca. 4th millennium BCE. Using these mongraph resources, this Meluhha samhitā pāṭha is presented, starting with of a set of Harappa inscriptions h1 to h11.
pāṭha m. ʻ text of a book ʼ ŚrS., ʻ study ʼ Kāv. [√paṭh ] Pa. pāṭha -- m. ʻ reading, passage from a text ʼ; Pk. pāḍha -- m. ʻ reading ʼ.(CDIAL 8035) Thus, Meluhha samhitā pāṭha is the reading (of inscriptions).
सं-हित mfn. ( √1. धा) 'put together , joined , attached' RV. &c; सं-हिता 'a text treated according to euphonic rules (esp. the real continuous text of the वेदs as formed out of the पदs or separate words by proper phonetic changes [according to various schools ; cf. IW. 152]: beside the संहिताs of the ऋग्- , साम- , and अथर्ववेद there is the वाजसनेयि-संहिता belonging to the White यजुर्-वेद , and five other संहिताs belonging to the black यजुर्-वेद , viz. the तैत्तिरीय-संहिता , the संहिता of the आत्रेयs [known only by its अनुक्रमणी] , the संहिता of the कठs , the कपिष्ठल-कठ-संहिता , and the संहिता of the मैत्रायणीयs or मैत्रायणी-संहिता) Nir. Pra1t. &c'
The common expression in these seals of Harappa is "Trade of kōnda sangara metalwork engraver (in) " signified by the pictorial motif of young bull PLUS lathe-furnace device.
h1h1 anvaya![]()
sãgaḍ 'lathe, portable furnace' rebus: sangara 'trade', samgraha, samgaha 'arranger, manager'. कोंद kōnda 'young bull' rebus: कोंद kōnda 'engraver, script'
āra'spokes' rebus: āra 'brass'; ranku 'liquid measure' rebus: ranku'tin'; koḍa'sluice'; Rebus: koḍ 'artisan's workshop (Kuwi);.dāṭu'cross' rebus: dhatu = mineral (Santali) Hindi. dhāṭnā'to send out, pour out, cast (metal)' (
h1 artha Trade of kōnda sangara 'metalwork engraver' (in) brass, tin, mineral, metal castings, metal artisan's workshop.
h2h2 anvaya
dula 'two' rebus: dul'metal casting'
BHSk. gaṇḍa -- m. ʻ piece, part ʼ(CDIAL 3791) rebus: khaṇḍa 'implements'
मेंढा [ mēṇḍhā ] A crook or curved end (of a stick) Rebus: meḍ 'iron'
kanka, karṇika 'rim of jar' rebus: karṇī'supercargo' PLUS kolmo'three' rebus: kolimi'smithy, forge'
baraḍo'spine, backbone' rebus: baran, bharat ‘mixed alloys’ (5 copper, 4 zinc and 1 tin) (Punjabi)
kanka, karṇika 'rim of jar' rebus: karṇī'supercargo' कर्णिक 'steersman, helmsman'.
gaṇḍa'four' rebus: khaṇḍa 'implements' PLUS ayo'fish' rebus: aya'iron'ayas 'alloy metal' (R̥gveda) PLUS dhāḷ 'slanted stroke' rebus: dhāḷako 'ingot'
h2 artha Trade of kōnda sangara 'metalwork engraver' (in) supercargo (of) iron, smithy/forge (products), copper-zinc-tin alloy (products), metal implements, metal ingots.
h3
h3 anvaya
baṭa 'rimless, wide-mouthed pot' rebus: bhaṭa'furnace' PLUS kolmo'three' rebus: kolimi'smithy, forge'.
gaṇḍa -- m. ʻ piece, part ʼ(CDIAL 3791) rebus: khaṇḍa 'implements'
dāmāʻ peg to tie a buffalo -- calf to ʼ (Assamese)(CDIAL 6283) rebus: dhama'bellows' PLUS sal'splinter' rebus: sal 'workshop'
gaṇḍa'four' rebus: khaṇḍa 'implements' PLUS kolmo 'three' rebus: kolimi 'smithy, forge'. Together, smithy,forge (for) implements
koḍa 'sluice'; Rebus: koḍ 'artisan's workshop (Kuwi)
kanka, karṇika 'rim of jar' rebus: karṇī 'supercargo' कर्णिक 'steersman, helmsman'.
h3 artha Trade of kōnda sangara 'metalwork engraver' (in) supercargo (of) smithy,forge implements workshop, bellows (forge) of blacksmith, furnace metal implements of smithy, forge.
h4
h3 anvaya
ayo'fish' rebus: aya 'iron' ayas 'alloy metal'
dhāḷ 'slanted stroke' rebus: dhāḷako 'ingot' PLUS खांडा (p. 116) khāṇḍā A jag, notch, or indentation (as upon the edge of a tool or weapon). khaṇḍa 'implements'. Thus, ingots and implements
taṭṭal 'five' rebus: ṭhaṭṭha brass (i.e. alloy of copper + zinc) *ṭhaṭṭha1 ʻbrassʼ. [Onom. from noise of hammering brass?]N. ṭhaṭṭar ʻ an alloy of copper and bell metal ʼ. *ṭhaṭṭhakāra ʻ brass worker ʼ. 1.Pk. ṭhaṭṭhāra -- m., K. ṭhö̃ṭhur m., S. ṭhã̄ṭhāro m., P. ṭhaṭhiār, °rā m.2. P. ludh. ṭhaṭherā m., Ku. ṭhaṭhero m., N. ṭhaṭero, Bi. ṭhaṭherā, Mth. ṭhaṭheri, H. ṭhaṭherā m.(CDIAL 5491, 5493) PLUS gaṇḍa 'four' rebus: kaṇḍa 'implements' PLUS (Arch over the hypertext): gumat.a, gumut.a, gumuri, gummat.a, gummut.a a copula or dome (Ka.); ghumat.a (M.); gummat.a, gummad a dome; a paper lantern; a fire-baloon (H.Te.); kummat.t.a arch, vault, arched roof, pinnacle of a pagoda; globe, lantern made of paper (Ta.)(Ka.lex.); gummaṭ m. ‘dome’ (P.) CDIAL 4217) rebus: kumpiṭu-caṭṭichafing-dish, port- able furnace, potsherd in which fire is kept by goldsmiths; kumutam oven, stove; kummaṭṭi chafing-dish (Ta.).kuppaḍige, kuppaṭe, kum- paṭe, kummaṭa, kummaṭe id. (Ka.)kumpaṭi id. (Te.) DEDR 1751. kummu smouldering ashes (Te.); kumpōḍ smoke.(Go) (DEDR 1752). Thus, the hypertext expression reads: kummaṭa, 'furnace' (for) ṭhaṭṭha khaṇḍa 'brass implements'.
h4 artha Trade of kōnda sangara 'metalwork engraver' (in) ingots, implements of alloy metal, furnaced brass implements.
h5
h5 anvaya
The 'curve' hieroglyph is a splitting of the ellipse. kuṭila ‘bent’ CDIAL 3230 kuṭi— in cmpd. ‘curve’, kuṭika— ‘bent’ MBh. Rebus: kuṭila, katthīl = bronze (8 parts copper and 2 parts tin) cf. āra-kūṭa, '
bhaṭā'warrior' rebus: bhaṭa'furnace'
kuṭila ‘bent’ rebus: kuṭila, katthīl = bronze (8 parts copper and 2 parts tin) PLUS dula 'two' rebus: dul 'metal casting'
loa 'ficus glomerata' Rebus: loha'copper, iron'.
cīmara ‘black ant’ Rebus: cīmara‘copper’. cīmara kāra -- ʻ coppersmith ʼ
baṭa 'rimless, wide-mouthed pot' rebus: bhaṭa 'furnace' PLUS ḍabu'an iron spoon' (Santali) Rebus: ḍab, ḍhimba, ḍhompo'lump (ingot?). Thus, together, furnace ingots.
h5 artha Trade of kōnda sangara 'metalwork engraver' (in) copper, bronze metal furnace castings, ingots.
h6
h6 anvaya
kanac 'corner' rebus: kancu 'bronze'
kolmo'three' rebus:kolimi'smithy, forge' PLUS kuṭila ‘bent’ rebus: kuṭila, katthīl = bronze (8 parts copper and 2 parts tin) Thus, together, the hypertext expression is bronze smithy, forge.
dula'two' rebus: dul'metal casting'
खांडा (p. 116) khāṇḍā A jag, notch, or indentation (as upon the edge of a tool or weapon). khaṇḍa 'implements'.
kamaḍha'archer, bow' Rebus: kammaṭa'mint, coiner, coinage'.
*śrētrī ʻ ladder ʼ. [Cf. śrētr̥ -- ʻ one who has recourse to ʼ MBh. -- See śrití -- . -- √śri]Ash. ċeitr ʻ ladder ʼ (< *ċaitr -- dissim. from ċraitr -- ?).(CDIAL 12720)*śrēṣṭrī2 ʻ line, ladder ʼ. [For mng. ʻ line ʼ conn. with √śriṣ2 cf. śrḗṇi -- ~ √śri. -- See śrití -- . -- √śriṣ2]Pk. sēḍhĭ̄ -- f. ʻ line, row ʼ (cf. pasēḍhi -- f. ʻ id. ʼ. -- < EMIA. *sēṭhī -- sanskritized as śrēḍhī -- , śrēṭī -- , śrēḍī<-> (Col.), śrēdhī -- (W.) f. ʻ a partic. progression of arithmetical figures ʼ); K. hēr, dat. °ri f. ʻ ladder ʼ.(CDIAL 12724) Rebus: śrḗṣṭha ʻ most splendid, best ʼ RV. [śrīˊ -- ]Pa. seṭṭha -- ʻ best ʼ, Aś.shah. man. sreṭha -- , gir. sesṭa -- , kāl. seṭha -- , Dhp. śeṭha -- , Pk. seṭṭha -- , siṭṭha -- ; N. seṭh ʻ great, noble, superior ʼ; Or. seṭha ʻ chief, principal ʼ; Si. seṭa, °ṭu ʻ noble, excellent ʼ. śrēṣṭhin m. ʻ distinguished man ʼ AitBr., ʻ foreman of a guild ʼ, °nī -- f. ʻ his wife ʼ Hariv. [śrḗṣṭha -- ]Pa. seṭṭhin -- m. ʻ guild -- master ʼ, Dhp. śeṭhi, Pk. seṭṭhi -- , siṭṭhi -- m., °iṇī -- f.; S. seṭhi m. ʻ wholesale merchant ʼ; P. seṭh m. ʻ head of a guild, banker ʼ, seṭhaṇ, °ṇī f.; Ku.gng. śēṭh ʻ rich man ʼ; N. seṭh ʻ banker ʼ; B. seṭh ʻ head of a guild, merchant ʼ; Or. seṭhi ʻ caste of washermen ʼ; Bhoj. Aw.lakh. sēṭhi ʻ merchant, banker ʼ, H. seṭh m., °ṭhan f.; G. śeṭh, śeṭhiyɔ m. ʻ wholesale merchant, employer, master ʼ; M. śeṭh, °ṭhī, śeṭ, °ṭī m. ʻ respectful term for banker or merchant ʼ; Si. siṭu, hi° ʻ banker, nobleman ʼ H. Smith JA 1950, 208 (or < śiṣṭá -- 2?)(CDIAL 12725, 12726)
h6 artha
Guildmaster's metalwork catalogue with kammaṭa 'mint', khaṇḍa 'implements',
dul 'metal casting', kuṭila kolimi 'bronze smithy, forge'.
h7
h7 anvaya
kuṭila ‘bent’ rebus: kuṭila, katthīl = bronze (8 parts copper and 2 parts tin)
मेंढा [ mēṇḍhā ] A crook or curved end (of a stick) Rebus: meḍ 'iron'
dāṭu 'cross' rebus: dhatu = mineral (Santali) Hindi. dhāṭnā 'to send out, pour out, cast (metal)' (
खांडा (p. 116) khāṇḍā A jag, notch, or indentation (as upon the edge of a tool or weapon). khaṇḍa 'implements'.
kāru pincers, tongs. Rebus: khārखार् 'blacksmith'
kuṭila ‘bent’ rebus: kuṭila, katthīl = bronze (8 parts copper and 2 parts tin) PLUS dula'pair' rebus: dul'metal casting'.
h7 artha Trade of kōnda sangara 'metalwork engraver' (in) catalogue of blacksmithy, bronze metal castings, iron, mineral ore, copper, bronze implements.
h8
h8 anvaya
kuṭila ‘bent’ rebus: kuṭila, katthīl = bronze (8 parts copper and 2 parts tin)
dāṭu 'cross' rebus: dhatu = mineral (Santali) Hindi. dhāṭnā 'to send out, pour out, cast (metal)' (
sal'splinter' rebus: sal 'workshop'
baṭa 'rimless, wide-mouthed pot' rebus: bhaṭa 'furnace' PLUS ḍabu 'an iron spoon' (Santali) Rebus: ḍab, ḍhimba, ḍhompo 'lump (ingot?). Thus, together, furnace ingots.
kolmo'three' rebus: kolimi 'smithy, forge'
ranku'liquid measure' rebus:ranku'tin'
kolom 'rice plant' rebus: kolimi 'smithy, forge'
kanka, karṇika 'rim of jar' rebus: karṇī 'supercargo' कर्णिक 'steersman, helmsman'.
खांडा (p. 116) khāṇḍā A jag, notch, or indentation (as upon the edge of a tool or weapon). khaṇḍa 'implements'.
gaṇḍa 'four' rebus: khaṇḍa 'implements' PLUS dula 'two' rebus: dul'metal casting' Thus, the expression reads: dul khaṇḍa'cast metal implements'.
h8 artha Trade of kōnda sangara 'metalwork engraver' (in) supercargo (of) castmetal implements, smithy, forge implements, furnace ingots, metal casting tin, bronze, minerals furnace workshop.
h9
h9 anvaya ayo 'fish' rebus: aya 'iron' ayas 'alloy metal' (R̥gveda) PLUS khambhaṛā 'fish-fin rebus: kammaṭa 'mint, coiner, coinage'.
gaṇḍa 'four' rebus: khaṇḍa 'implements' PLUS kolmo 'three' rebus: kolimi 'smithy, forge'. Together, smithy,forge (for) implements
h9 artha Trade of kōnda sangara 'metalwork engraver' (in) mintwork, alloy metal implements, smithy, forge.
h10
h10 anvaya
loa 'ficus glomerata' Rebus: loha 'copper, iron'. PLUS dula 'two' rebus: dul 'metal casting'. Thus, together, copper metal castings
kamaḍha 'archer, bow' Rebus: kammaṭa 'mint, coiner, coinage'.
gaṇḍa 'four' rebus: khaṇḍa 'implements' PLUS dula'two' rebus: dul'metal casting'. Thus, together, cast metal implements.
ranku'liquid measure' rebus: ranku'tin' PLUS dula'two' rebus: dul'metal casting'. Thus, together, tin castings
gō̃ṭu an ornamental appendage to the border of a cloth, fringe' (Telugu) Rebus 1: gota (laterite, ferrite ore) Rebus 2: goṭā'gold-braid' 3: khoṭa 'ingot, wedge'
āra 'spokes' rebus: āra 'brass'
h10 artha Trade of kōnda sangara 'metalwork engraver' brass, laterite ore work, tin metal castings, metal implements, mintwork copper metal castings
h11
h11 anvaya
cīmara ‘black ant’ Rebus: cīmara‘copper’. cīmara kāra -- ʻcoppersmithʼ
kamaḍha 'archer, bow' Rebus: kammaṭa 'mint, coiner, coinage'.
h11 artha Trade of kōnda sangara 'metalwork engraver' coppersmith mint.
S.Kalyanaraman
Sarasvati Research Center
May 10, 2017