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śabda-jāti (word sounds), artha-jāti (wealth-repository words) of Meluhha metalwork are paired in Indus Script hypertexts and hieroglyphs.
This monograph demonstrates how animal hieroglyphs/hypertext expressions of Indus Script pair such śabda-jāti and artha-jāti words.
saṃghāṭa 'word cluster' (Pali) in śabda-jāti, artha-jāti pairs.
सांगडणें (p. 495) sāṅgaḍaṇēṃ v c (सांगड ) To link, join, or unite together (boats, fruits, animals); सांगड (p. 495) sāṅgaḍa m f (संघट्ट S) A float composed of two canoes or boats bound together: also a link of two pompions &c. to swim or float by. 2 f A body formed of two or more (fruits, animals, men) linked or joined together.
An example ofसांगड (p. 495) sāṅgaḍa'joined animals to form a body is a Dwaraka seal in turbinella pyrum.
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This seal has a bovine body with attached heads of antelope, one-horned young bull and an ox. Each animal head is a hieroglyph.
Thus by the device of sāngaḍa'joined animal' rebus: sangara'trade' is signified in copper, tin and alloy metal of copper, pewter, tin.
Similarly, other animal hieroglyphs signify other sangara, 'trade' categories.
ayo 'fish' rebus: aya'iron'ayas'alloy metal' (Rigveda)
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h976c
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h976b
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h976a
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h976 Text of inscription
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h728a![]()
h728b kuṭhi'tree' rebus: kuṭhi'smelter'.
karibha, ibha'elephant' rebus: karba, ib 'iron'ibbo'merchant'.
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Tell AsmarCylinder seal modern impression [elephant, rhinoceros and gharial (alligator) on the upper register] bibliography and image source: Frankfort, Henri: Stratified Cylinder Seals from the Diyala Region. Oriental Institute Publications 72. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, no. 642. Museum Number: IM14674 3.4 cm. high. Glazed steatite. ca. 2250 - 2200 BCE. ibha 'elephant' Rebus: ib 'iron'.gaṇḍa, kāṇḍā 'rhinoceros' Rebus: khāṇḍa ‘tools, pots and pans, and metal-ware’. karā 'crocodile' Rebus: khar 'blacksmith' (Kashmiri) Alternative: ghariyal 'crocodile' karibha 'trunk of elephant' rebus: karb 'iron'.
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![Image result for daimabad seal]()
Daimabad sealrāngo ‘water buffalo bull’ (Ku.N.)(CDIAL 10559) Rebus: rango ‘pewter’. ranga, rang pewter is an alloy of tin, lead, and antimony (anjana) (Santali). Hieroglyhph: buffalo: Ku. N. rã̄go ʻ buffalo bull ʼ (or < raṅku -- ?).(CDIAL 10538, 10559) Rebus: raṅga3 n. ʻ tin ʼ lex. [Cf. nāga -- 2 , vaṅga -- 1 ] Pk. raṁga -- n. ʻ tin ʼ; P. rã̄g f., rã̄gā m. ʻ pewter, tin ʼ (← H.); Ku. rāṅ ʻ tin, solder ʼ, gng. rã̄k; N. rāṅ, rāṅo ʻ tin, solder ʼ, A. B. rāṅ; Or. rāṅga ʻ tin ʼ, rāṅgā ʻ solder, spelter ʼ, Bi. Mth. rã̄gā, OAw. rāṁga; H. rã̄g f., rã̄gā m. ʻ tin, pewter ʼ; Si. ran̆ga ʻ tin ʼ.(CDIAL 10562) B. rāṅ(g)tā ʻ tinsel, copper -- foil ʼ.(CDIAL 10567) తుత్తము [ tuttamu ] or తుత్తరము tuttamu. [Tel.] n.sulphate of zinc. మైలతుత్తము sulphate of copper, blue-stone.తుత్తినాగము [ tuttināgamu ] tutti-nāgamu. [Chinese.] n. Pewter. Zinc. లోహవిశేషము (Telugu)
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h182A, h182B![]()
S. Kalyanaraman
Sarasvati Research Center
May 8, 2017
https://www.facebook.com/srini.kalyanaraman/posts/10156201391644625
śabda-jāti (word sounds), artha-jāti (wealth-repository words) of Meluhha metalwork are paired in Indus Script hypertexts and hieroglyphs.
This monograph demonstrates how animal hieroglyphs/hypertext expressions of Indus Script pair such śabda-jāti and artha-jāti words.
saṃghāṭa 'word cluster' (Pali) in śabda-jāti, artha-jāti pairs.
An example of
This seal has a bovine body with attached heads of antelope, one-horned young bull and an ox. Each animal head is a hieroglyph. barad, balad 'ox' rebus: bharata 'alloy of copper, pewter, tin';
ranku 'antelope' or melh 'goat' rebus: ranku 'tin' milakku, mleccha 'copper';
konda'young bull' rebus konda'engraver, sculptor'; खोंड (p. 216) [ khōṇḍa ] m A young bull, a bullcalf. Rebus: खोदणी (p. 216) [ khōdaṇī ] f (Verbal of खोदणें ) Digging, engraving &c. 2 fig. An exacting of money by importunity. v लाव, मांड . 3 An instrument to scoop out and cut flowers and figures from paper. 4 A goldsmith's die.खोदणें (p. 216) [ khōdaṇēṃ ] v c & i (खोदणें Dug. 2 Engraved, carved, sculptured. खोदणावळ (p. 216) [ khōdaṇāvaḷa ] f (खोदणें ) The price or cost of sculpture or carving
Thus by the device of sāngaḍa'joined animal' rebus: sangara'trade' is signified in copper, tin and alloy metal of copper, pewter, tin.
Similarly, other animal hieroglyphs signify other sangara, 'trade' categories.
ayo 'fish' rebus: aya'iron'ayas'alloy metal' (Rigveda)
h976c
h976b
h976a
h976 Text of inscription
h728a
h728b kuṭhi'tree' rebus: kuṭhi'smelter'.karibha, ibha'elephant' rebus: karba, ib 'iron'ibbo'merchant'.
Tell AsmarCylinder seal modern impression [elephant, rhinoceros and gharial (alligator) on the upper register] bibliography and image source: Frankfort, Henri: Stratified Cylinder Seals from the Diyala Region. Oriental Institute Publications 72. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, no. 642. Museum Number: IM14674 3.4 cm. high. Glazed steatite. ca. 2250 - 2200 BCE. ibha 'elephant' Rebus: ib 'iron'.gaṇḍa, kāṇḍā 'rhinoceros' Rebus: khāṇḍa ‘tools, pots and pans, and metal-ware’. karā 'crocodile' Rebus: khar 'blacksmith' (Kashmiri) Alternative: ghariyal 'crocodile' karibha 'trunk of elephant' rebus: karb 'iron'.
m1486B Text 1711
Obverse: karibha 'trunk of elephant' ibha 'elephant' rebus: kariba 'iron' ib 'iron' PLUS pattar 'trough' rebus: pattar 'guild, goldsmith guild'; rebus: pattharika'merchant'
Daimabad seal. ![]()
Sign 342 Hieroglyph: कर्ण [p= 256,2] the handle or ear of a vessel RV. viii , 72 , 12 S3Br. ix Ka1tyS3r. &c Rebus: कर्ण the helm or rudder of a ship R. कर्णी [p= 257,3] f. of °ण ifc. (e.g. अयस्-क्° and पयस्-क्°) Pa1n2. 8-3 , 46" N. of कंस's mother " , in comp. Rebus: karNI, 'Supercargo responsible for trading cargo of a vessel'.
Sign 342 Hieroglyph: कर्ण [p= 256,2] the handle or ear of a vessel RV. viii , 72 , 12 S3Br. ix Ka1tyS3r. &c Rebus: कर्ण the helm or rudder of a ship R. कर्णी [p= 257,3] f. of °ण ifc. (e.g. अयस्-क्° and पयस्-क्°) Pa1n2. 8-3 , 46" N. of कंस's mother " , in comp. Rebus: karNI, 'Supercargo responsible for trading cargo of a vessel'.
Impression of a steatite stamp seal (2300-1700 BCE) with a water-buffalo and acrobats. Buffalo attack or bull-leaping scene, Banawali (after UMESAO 2000:88, cat. no. 335). A figure is impaled on the horns of the buffalo; a woman acrobat wearing bangles on both arms and a long braid flowing from the head, leaps over the buffalo bull. The action narrative is presented in five frames of the acrobat getting tossed by the horns, jumping and falling down.Two Indus script glyphs are written in front of the buffalo. (ASI BNL 5683).
Rebus readings of hieroglyphs: ‘1. arrow, 2. jag/notch, 3. buffalo, 4.acrobatics’:
1. kaṇḍa ‘arrow’ (Skt.) H. kãḍerā m. ʻ a caste of bow -- and arrow -- makers (CDIAL 3024). Or. kāṇḍa, kã̄ṛ ʻstalk, arrow ʼ(CDIAL 3023). ayaskāṇḍa ‘a quantity of iron, excellent iron’ (Pāṇ.gaṇ)
2. खांडा [ khāṇḍā ] m A jag, notch, or indentation (as upon the edge of a tool or weapon). (Marathi) Rebus: khāṇḍā ‘tools, pots and pans, metal-ware’.
3. rāngo ‘water buffalo bull’ (Ku.N.)(CDIAL 10559) Rebus: rango ‘pewter’. ranga, rang pewter is an alloy of tin, lead, and antimony (anjana) (Santali).
4. ḍullu to fall off; ḍollu to roll over (DEDR 2698) Te. ḍul(u)cu, ḍulupu to cause to fall; ḍollu to fall; ḍolligillu to fall or tumble over (DEDR 2988) డొలుచు [ḍolucu] or ḍoluṭsu. [Tel.] v. n. To tumble head over heels as dancing girls do (Telugu) Rebus 1: dul ‘to cast in a mould’; dul mẽṛhẽt, dul meṛeḍ, 'cast iron'; koṭe meṛeḍ ‘forged iron’ (Santali) Bshk. ḍōl ʻ brass pot (CDIAL 6583). Rebus 2: WPah. ḍhōˋḷ m. ʻstoneʼ, ḍhòḷṭɔ m. ʻbig stone or boulderʼ, ḍhòḷṭu ʻsmall id.ʼ Him.I 87(CDIAL 5536). Rebus: K. ḍula m. ʻ rolling stoneʼ(CDIAL 6582).
The Meluhha gloss for 'five' is: taṭṭal Homonym is: ṭhaṭṭha brass (i.e. alloy of copper + zinc). Glosses for zinc are: sattu (Tamil), satta, sattva (Kannada) jasth जसथ् ।रपु m. (sg. dat. jastas ज्तस), zinc, spelter; pewter; zasath ् ज़स््थ् ्or zasuth ज़सुथ ्। रप m. (sg. dat. zastas ु ज़्तस),् zinc, spelter, pewter (cf. Hindī jast). jastuvu; । रपू्भवः adj. (f. jastüvü), made of zinc or pewter.(Kashmiri). Hence the hieroglyph: svastika repeated five times. Five svastika are thus read: taṭṭal sattva Rebus: zinc (for) brass (or pewter).
*ṭhaṭṭha1 ʻbrassʼ. [Onom. from noise of hammering brass?]N. ṭhaṭṭar ʻ an alloy of copper and bell metal ʼ. *ṭhaṭṭhakāra ʻ brass worker ʼ. 1.Pk. ṭhaṭṭhāra -- m., K. ṭhö̃ṭhur m., S. ṭhã̄ṭhāro m., P. ṭhaṭhiār, °rā m.2. P. ludh. ṭhaṭherā m., Ku. ṭhaṭhero m., N. ṭhaṭero, Bi. ṭhaṭherā, Mth. ṭhaṭheri, H.ṭhaṭherā m.(CDIAL 5491, 5493).
h182A, h182B
The drummer hieroglyph is associated with svastika glyph on this tablet (har609) and also on h182A tablet of Harappa with an identical text.
Text of inscription: karã̄ n. pl. wristlets, bangles Rebus: khārखार् 'blacksmith' (Kashmiri) PLUS dula'two' rebus: dul'metal casting'. Thus, metalcaster blacksmith. PLUS karṇika 'rim of jar' rebus: karṇika 'scribe, engraver'; helmsman, karṇī 'supercargo (merchant representative in charge of cargo of shipment)'.
dhollu ‘drummer’ (Western Pahari) Rebus: dul ‘cast metal’. The 'drummer' hieroglyph thus announces a cast metal. The technical specifications of the cast metal are further described by other hieroglyphs on side B and on the text of inscription (the text is repeated on both sides of Harappa tablet 182).
kola 'tiger' Rebus: kol 'alloy of five metals, pancaloha' (Tamil). ḍhol ‘drum’ (Gujarati.Marathi)(CDIAL 5608) Rebus: large stone; dul ‘to cast in a mould’. Kanac ‘corner’ Rebus: kancu ‘bronze’. dula 'pair' Rebus: dul 'cast metal'. kanka ‘Rim of jar’ (Santali); karṇaka rim of jar’(Skt.) Rebus:karṇaka ‘scribe’ (Telugu); gaṇaka id. (Skt.) (Santali) Thus, the tablets denote blacksmith's alloy cast metal accounting including the use of alloying mineral zinc -- satthiya 'svastika' glyph.
S. Kalyanaraman
Sarasvati Research Center
May 8, 2017