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Schmidt or Schmitz occupational surname in German is cognate with Smith 'blacksmith'. The root embedded is: mṛdu This reinforces the Meluhha lexis glosses mẽṛhẽt, meḍ to signify 'iron, metal' -- together with the Indus Script hieroglyphs deployed to connote these glosses: mẽṛhẽt, meḍ In addition to the hieroglyphs detailed in http://bharatkalyan97.blogspot.in/2015/12/an-array-of-indus-script-hieroglyphs-to.html to additional hieroglyphs which signify the semantics rebus of 'iron, metal' are:
मेढा (p. 665) [ mēḍhā ] A twist or tangle arising in thread or cord, a curl or snarl.
Examples of six मेढा [ mēḍhā ] curls of hair on cylinder seals
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Ibni-Sharrum cylinder seal shows a kneeling person with six curls of hair.Cylinder seal of Ibni-sharrum, a scribe of Shar-kali-sharri (left) and impression (right), ca. 2183–2159 B.C.; Akkadian, reign of Shar-kali-sharri.
http://bharatkalyan97.blogspot.in/2013/08/ancient-near-east-bronze-age-heralded.html
baTa 'six' Rebus: bhaTa 'furnace', baTa 'iron'. मेढा [ mēḍhā ] curls Rebus: mẽṛhẽt, meḍ ‘iron (metal)’. Thus, together, iron furnace.
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Four standard-bearers with six curls of hair. http://bharatkalyan97.blogspot.in/2015/08/ancient-near-east-jasper-cylinder-seal.html
Hieroglyph: मेढा [ mēḍhā ] 'a curl or snarl; twist in thread' (Marathi) Rebus: mẽṛhẽt, meḍ ‘iron’ (Mu.Ho.) Thus, the four Akkadian standard bearers are meḍ bhaṭa iron-furnace metal- workers producing alloy implements, moltencast metalcastings, crucible ingots. The hooded snake reinforces the semantic determinative: kulA 'hooded serpent' Rebus: kolle 'blacksmith' kol 'working in iron'.
The proclamation (sangara) is that four types of furnaces are announced: for aya 'fish' rebus: ayas 'metal'; lokhANDa 'overflowing pot' Rebus: lokhANDa 'metal implements'; arka 'sun' Rebus: eraka 'moltencast copper'; koThAri 'crucible' ebus: Or. koṭhārī ʻ treasurer ʼ; Bhoj. koṭhārī ʻ storekeeper ʼ, H. kuṭhiyārī m. kōṣṭhāgārika -- : G. koṭhārī m. ʻ storekeeper ʼ.(CDIAL 3551)kulA 'hood of serpent' Rebus: kolle 'blacksmith'. Rebus representation is indicated by a determinative: a conical jar containing ingots. Thus, the reference to the 'crucible' may be a message related to ingots of alloys produced from the crucible, the way the traditions evolved to produce crucible steel.
http://bharatkalyan97.blogspot.in/2015/09/spinner-kati-lady-rebus-khati.html
Example of मेढा [ mēḍhā ]twist (rope) on a Bogazkoy seal
मेढ (p. 662) [ mēḍha ] The polar star.मेढेमत (p. 665) [ mēḍhēmata ] n (मेढ Polar star, मत Dogma or sect.) A persuasion or an order or a set of tenets and notions amongst the Shúdra-people. Founded upon certain astrological calculations proceeding upon the North star. Hence मेढेजोशी or डौरीजोशी .
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Seal impression, Ur (Upenn; U.16747); dia. 2.6, ht. 0.9 cm.; Gadd, PBA 18 (1932), pp. 11-12, pl. II, no. 12; Porada 1971: pl.9, fig.5; Parpola, 1994, p. 183; water carrier with a skin (or pot?) hung on each end of the yoke across his shoulders and another one below the crook of his left arm; the vessel on the right end of his yoke is over a receptacle for the water; a star on either side of the head (denoting supernatural?). The whole object is enclosed by 'parenthesis' marks. The parenthesis is perhaps a way of splitting of the ellipse (Hunter, G.R., JRAS, 1932, 476). An unmistakable example of an 'hieroglyphic' seal. kuṭi ‘water-carrier’ (Telugu); Rebus: kuṭhi ‘smelter furnace’ (Santali) kuṛī f. ‘fireplace’ (H.); krvṛI f. ‘granary (WPah.); kuṛī, kuṛo house, building’(Ku.)(CDIAL 3232) kuṭi ‘hut made of boughs’ (Skt.) guḍi temple (Telugu) मेढ (p. 662) [ mēḍha ] 'polar' star' Rebus: mẽṛhẽt, meḍ 'iron' (Ho.Munda)
मृदु mṛdu '(soft) iron'
پولاد polād, s.m. (6th) The finest kind of steel. Sing. and Pl. See فولاد P فولاد folād or fūlād, s.m. (6th) Steel. Sing. and Pl.P فولادي folādī or fūlādī, adj. Made of steel, steel. (Pashto)
pŏlādप्वलाद् or phōlād फोलाद् । मृदुलोहविशेषः m. steel (Gr.M.; Rām. 431, 635, phōlād).pŏlödi प्वला&above;दि&below; , pōlödi फोला&above;दि&below; , or phōlödi फोला&above;दि&below; (= । लोहविशेषमयः adj. c.g. of steel, steel (Rām. 19, 974, 167, pōo).(Kashmiri)
http://bharatkalyan97.blogspot.in/2015/08/zebu-archaeometallurgy-legacy-of-india.html?view=timeslide
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There are two glosses in Samskritam which signifyमृदु mṛdu 'soft metal of iron'and पोळ pōḷa 'magnetite (a ferrite ore)'. मृदा--कर [p= 830,2] m. a thunderbolt W.Schmidt or Schmitz occupational surname in German is cognate with Smith 'blacksmith'. The root embedded is: mṛdu This reinforces the Meluhha lexis glosses mẽṛhẽt, meḍ to signify 'iron, metal' -- together with the Indus Script hieroglyphs deployed to connote these glosses: mẽṛhẽt, meḍ In addition to the hieroglyphs detailed in http://bharatkalyan97.blogspot.in/2015/12/an-array-of-indus-script-hieroglyphs-to.html to additional hieroglyphs which signify the semantics rebus of 'iron, metal' are:
मेढा (p. 665) [ mēḍhā ] A twist or tangle arising in thread or cord, a curl or snarl.
Examples of six मेढा [ mēḍhā ] curls of hair on cylinder seals
Ibni-Sharrum cylinder seal shows a kneeling person with six curls of hair.Cylinder seal of Ibni-sharrum, a scribe of Shar-kali-sharri (left) and impression (right), ca. 2183–2159 B.C.; Akkadian, reign of Shar-kali-sharri.
http://bharatkalyan97.blogspot.in/2013/08/ancient-near-east-bronze-age-heralded.html
baTa 'six' Rebus: bhaTa 'furnace', baTa 'iron'. मेढा [ mēḍhā ] curls Rebus: mẽṛhẽt, meḍ ‘iron (metal)’. Thus, together, iron furnace.
Four standard-bearers with six curls of hair. http://bharatkalyan97.blogspot.in/2015/08/ancient-near-east-jasper-cylinder-seal.html Hieroglyph: मेढा [ mēḍhā ] 'a curl or snarl; twist in thread' (Marathi) Rebus: mẽṛhẽt, meḍ ‘iron’ (Mu.Ho.) Thus, the four Akkadian standard bearers are meḍ bhaṭa iron-furnace metal- workers producing alloy implements, moltencast metalcastings, crucible ingots. The hooded snake reinforces the semantic determinative: kulA 'hooded serpent' Rebus: kolle 'blacksmith' kol 'working in iron'.
The proclamation (sangara) is that four types of furnaces are announced: for aya 'fish' rebus: ayas 'metal'; lokhANDa 'overflowing pot' Rebus: lokhANDa 'metal implements'; arka 'sun' Rebus: eraka 'moltencast copper'; koThAri 'crucible' ebus: Or. koṭhārī ʻ treasurer ʼ; Bhoj. koṭhārī ʻ storekeeper ʼ, H. kuṭhiyārī m. kōṣṭhāgārika -- : G. koṭhārī m. ʻ storekeeper ʼ.(CDIAL 3551)kulA 'hood of serpent' Rebus: kolle 'blacksmith'. Rebus representation is indicated by a determinative: a conical jar containing ingots. Thus, the reference to the 'crucible' may be a message related to ingots of alloys produced from the crucible, the way the traditions evolved to produce crucible steel.
http://bharatkalyan97.blogspot.in/2015/09/spinner-kati-lady-rebus-khati.html
Example of मेढा [ mēḍhā ]twist (rope) on a Bogazkoy seal
मेढा [ mēḍhā ] twist Rebus: mẽṛhẽt, meḍ ‘iron (metal)’ dula 'pair' rebus: dul 'cast metal' Thus, cast iron eruvai 'kite, eagle' rebus: eruvai 'copper'
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Bogazkoy Seal impression: Two-headed eagle, a twisted cord below. From Bogazköy . 18th c. BCE (Museum Ankara). eruvai 'kite' Rebus: eruvai 'copper' dhAtu 'strands of rope' Rebus: dhAtu 'mineral' (Note the three strands of the rope hieroglyph on the seal impression from Bogazkoy; it is read: tridhAtu 'three mineral elements'). It signifies copper compound of three minerals; maybe, arsenic copper? or arsenic bronze, as distinct from tin bronze?
Sulfide deposits frequently are a mix of different metal sulfides, such as copper, zinc, silver, lead, arsenic and other metals. (Sphalerite (ZnS2), for example, is not uncommon in copper sulfide deposits, and the metal smelted would be brass, which is both harder and more durable than bronze.)The metals could theoretically be separated out, but the alloys resulting were typically much stronger than the metals individually.
http://bharatkalyan97.blogspot.in/2015/12/evolution-of-brahmi-script-syllable-ma.html?view=timeslide| Ore name | Chemical formula |
|---|---|
| Arsenopyrite | FeAsS |
| Enargite | Cu3AsS4 |
| Olivenite | Cu2(AsO4)OH |
| Tennantite | Cu12As4S13 |
| Malachite | Cu2(OH)2CO3 |
| Azurite | Cu3(OH)2(CO3)2 |
मेढ (p. 662) [ mēḍha ] The polar star.मेढेमत (p. 665) [ mēḍhēmata ] n (
Seal impression, Ur (Upenn; U.16747); dia. 2.6, ht. 0.9 cm.; Gadd, PBA 18 (1932), pp. 11-12, pl. II, no. 12; Porada 1971: pl.9, fig.5; Parpola, 1994, p. 183; water carrier with a skin (or pot?) hung on each end of the yoke across his shoulders and another one below the crook of his left arm; the vessel on the right end of his yoke is over a receptacle for the water; a star on either side of the head (denoting supernatural?). The whole object is enclosed by 'parenthesis' marks. The parenthesis is perhaps a way of splitting of the ellipse (Hunter, G.R., JRAS, 1932, 476). An unmistakable example of an 'hieroglyphic' seal. kuṭi ‘water-carrier’ (Telugu); Rebus: kuṭhi ‘smelter furnace’ (Santali) kuṛī f. ‘fireplace’ (H.); krvṛI f. ‘granary (WPah.); kuṛī, kuṛo house, building’(Ku.)(CDIAL 3232) kuṭi ‘hut made of boughs’ (Skt.) guḍi temple (Telugu) मेढ (p. 662) [ mēḍha ] 'polar' star' Rebus: mẽṛhẽt, meḍ 'iron' (Ho.Munda)मृदु mṛdu '(soft) iron'
मृदु mṛdu: (page 1287) A kind of iron.-कार्ष्णायसम्,-कृष्णायसम् soft-iron, lead. (Apte. Samskritam) This gloss could link with the variant lexis of Indian sprachbund with the semantics 'iron': Bj. <i>merhd</i>(Hunter) `iron'. Sa. <i>mE~R~hE~'d</i> `iron'. ! <i>mE~RhE~d</i>(M).Origin of the gloss med 'copper' in Uralic languages may be explained by the word meD (Ho.) of Munda family of Meluhha language stream:
Sa. <i>mE~R~hE~'d</i> `iron'. ! <i>mE~RhE~d</i>(M).
Ma. <i>mErhE'd</i> `iron'.
Mu. <i>mERE'd</i> `iron'.
~ <i>mE~R~E~'d</i> `iron'. ! <i>mENhEd</i>(M).
Ho <i>meD</i> `iron'.
Bj. <i>merhd</i>(Hunter) `iron'.
KW <i>mENhEd</i>
@(V168,M080)
pŏlād
http://bharatkalyan97.blogspot.in/2015/08/zebu-archaeometallurgy-legacy-of-india.html?view=timeslide
Nausharo, Mehrgarh: ceramique c. 2500 BCE, C. Jarrige. Nausharo was inhabited later than Mehrgarh, probably first from about 2800 BCE C. Jarrige
Both hieroglyphs are signified on these pots: zebu and post/stake.
The Prakritam gloss पोळ [pōḷa], 'zebu' as hieroglyph is read rebus: pōḷa, 'magnetite, ferrous-ferric oxide'; poliya 'citizen, gatekeeper of town quarter'. पोळ (p. 534) [ pōḷa ] m A bull dedicated to the gods, marked with a trident and discus, and set at large.पोळा (p. 534) [ pōḷā ] m (पोळ ) A festive day for cattle,--the day of new moon of श्रावण or of भाद्रपद . Bullocks are exempted from labor; variously daubed and decorated; and paraded about in worship. Rebus: पोळींव (p. 534) [ pōḷīṃva ] p of पोळणें Burned, scorched, singed, seared.pōḷa, 'magnetite, ferrous-ferric oxide'.
मेड (p. 662) [ mēḍa ] f (Usually मेढ q. v.) मेडका m A stake, esp. as bifurcated. मेढ (p. 662) [ mēḍha ] f A forked stake. Used as a post. Hence a short post generally whether forked or not. मेढा (p. 665) [ mēḍhā ] m A stake, esp. as forked. 2 A dense arrangement of stakes, a palisade, a paling. मेढी (p. 665) [ mēḍhī ] f (Dim. of मेढ ) A small bifurcated stake: also a small stake, with or without furcation, used as a post to support a cross piece. मेढ्या (p. 665) [ mēḍhyā ] a (मेढ Stake or post.) A term for a person considered as the pillar, prop, or support (of a household, army, or other body), the staff or stay. मेढेजोशी (p. 665) [ mēḍhējōśī ] m A stake-जोशी ; a जोशी who keeps account of the तिथि &c., by driving stakes into the ground: also a class, or an individual of it, of fortune-tellers, diviners, presagers, seasonannouncers, almanack-makers &c. They are Shúdras and followers of the मेढेमत q. v. 2 Jocosely. The hereditary or settled (quasi fixed as a stake) जोशी of a village.मेंधला (p. 665) [ mēndhalā ] m In architecture. A common term for the two upper arms of a double चौकठ (door-frame) connecting the two. Called also मेंढरी & घोडा . It answers to छिली the name of the two lower arms or connections. (Marathi)
मेंढा [ mēṇḍhā ] A crook or curved end rebus: meḍ 'iron, metal' (Ho. Munda)
S. Kalyanaraman
Sarasvati Research Center
December 23, 2015