Mirror: http://tinyurl.com/ohhz8lw
The orthography of triskelion hieroglyph on a Kirkburn linch-pin yields a clue to decipher the cognate trefoil hieroglyph of Indus Script Corpora. The trefoil is a composite of three crucibles joined together. Crucibles are used to produce hard alloys. Trefoil hieroglyph-multiplexes adorn a Mohenjo-daro statuette of a person with a well-trimmed beard and wearing fillet on his forehead and on his shoulder. The hieroglyph-multiplexes are deciphered The trefoil adornment on a statuette of Mohenjo-daro of पोतृ pōtṛ " Purifier "(Rigveda) is identified as a composite of three crucibles (koṭhārī) joined together and deciphered as koṭhārī खोद khōda kolimi paṭṭaḍa 'treasurer, engraver (scribe) of the smithy (workshop)'.
The trefoil adornment on a statuette of Mohenjo-daro of पोतृ pōtṛ " Purifier "(Rigveda) is identified as a composite of three crucibles (koṭhārī) joined together and deciphered as koṭhārī खोद khōda kolimi paṭṭaḍa 'treasurer, engraver (scribe) of the smithy (workshop)'.
He wears a fillet of authority on his forehead and also on his shoulder. Hieroglyph: Or. pāta ʻ metal -- foil ʼ, patā ʻ eyelid ʼ, pātiā ʻ thin slip of metal ʼ(CDIAL 3733) Ta. paṭṭaṭai, paṭṭaṟai anvil, smithy, forge. Ka. paṭṭaḍe, paṭṭaḍi anvil, workshop. Te. paṭṭika, paṭṭeḍa anvil; paṭṭaḍa workshop.(DEDR 3865).
The triskelion hieroglyph of a Galician torc terminal and Kirkburn linch-pin is a variant of the trefoil which adorns as a hieroglyph, the shawl worn by the person with well-trimmed beard on Mohenjo-daro statuette.
When the trefoil adorns a young bull: खोंड [ khōṇḍa ] m A young bull, a bullcalf. (Marathi) Rebus: kō̃da-कोँद 'kiln, furnace' (Kashmiri) खोद khōda 'engraving'
I do not know why the trefoils adorn bulls forming a funeral couch of an Egyptian ruler Tutankhamen. Do the koṭhārī 'crucibles' signify a veneration of the temples as treasury, he left behind?
![]()
Triskelion and spirals on a Galician torc terminal (Museu do Castro de Santa Tegra).
Castro torc terminal from the oppidum of Santa Tegra, A GuardaFile:Torque de Santa Tegra 1.JPG Celtic
http://www.eccentricbliss.com/tag/museu-do-castro-de-santa-tegra/
Stone work: Castro culture
![]()
Triskelion of the oppidum of Coeliobriga
![]()
A selection of motifs and carvings from the oppida region "From the 2nd century BC, specially in the south, some of the hill-forts turned into semi-urban fortified towns, oppida.The terms oppida and urbs are used by classical authors such as Pliny the Elder and Pomponius Mela for describing the major fortified town of NW Iberia." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castro_culture#cite_note-14
![]()
Back of a sitting statue
![]()
Torque de Foxados, Museo de Pontevedra, Galicia
![]()
Torcs from northern Galicia
కొఠారు [ koṭhāru ] Same as కొటారు.కొటారు [ koṭāru ] , కొటారము or కొఠారు koṭāru.[Tel.] n. A store, a granary. A place to keep grain, salt, &c.
కొఠీ [ koṭhī ] koṭhī. [H.] n. A bank. A mercantile house or firm. కొషీవేయు to set up or open a bank.
கொட்டகாரம் koṭṭakāram
, n. prob. kōṣṭha + agāra. [T. koṭāramu, M. koṭṭakāram, Tu. koṭṭāra.] Store-room, granary; நெல்முதலிய பண்டம்வைக்கும் அறை. நெற்கூட்டி னிரைசெறிந்த புரிபலவா நிலைக்கொட்டகாரத்தில் (பெரியபு. இடங் கழி. 7).கொட்டடி koṭṭaṭi
, n. < U. kōṭhari. cf. Mhr. kōṭhaḍi. 1. Room, as kitchen, store- room; சமையல் முதலியவற்றிற்கு உதவும் அறை. 2. Cattle-shed; மாட்டுக்கொட்டில். 3. Prisoner's cell; சிறைச்சாலை அறை. 4. Check, silk cloth of a woman; சேலைவகை.கொட்டாரம் koṭṭāram
, n. cf. Mhr. kōṭhāra. [T. koṭāramu, K. Tu. koṭṭāra, M. koṭṭāram.] 1. cf. kōṣṭhāgāra. Granary; தானியக் களஞ்சியம். படைக்கலக் கொட்டிலும் புடைக்கொட் டாரமும் (பெருங். மகத. 14, 19). 2. [K. koṭārū.] Place where paddy or other grains are husked; நெல் முதலிய தானியம் குத்துமிடம். 3. Elephant-stall; யானைக்கூடம். Loc. 4. Palace; அரண்மனை. Loc. 5. cf. kōṭṭāra. Principal entrance of a palace, etc.; porch; அரண்மனை முதலியவற்றின் தலைவாசல். (W.)கொட்டி³ koṭṭi n. cf. kōṭṭāra. 1. Tower- gate in a temple; கோபுரவாசல். 2. Gate; வாயில். (அக. நி.)
खोंडरूं [ khōṇḍarūṃ ] n A contemptuous form ofखोंडा in the sense of कांबळा -cowl.खोंडा [ khōṇḍā ] m A कांबळा of which one end is formed into a cowl or hood.खोंडी [ khōṇḍī ] f An outspread shovelform sack (as formed temporarily out of a कांबळा , to hold or fend off grain, chaff &c.) See under खुंडी . 2 A species or variety of जोंधळा .
खोंड [ khōṇḍa ] m A young bull, a bullcalf. (Marathi)
खोदणी [ khōdaṇī ] f (Verbal ofखोदणें ) Digging, engraving &c. खोदणें [ khōdaṇēṃ ] v c & i (
खोदींव [ khōdīṃva ] p ofखोदणें Dug. 2 Engraved, carved, sculptured.खोदकाम [ khōdakāma ] n Sculpture; carved work or work for the carver.खोदगिरी [ khōdagirī ] f Sculpture, carving, engraving: also sculptured or carved work.खोदणावळ [ khōdaṇāvaḷa ] f (खोदणें ) The price or cost of sculpture or carving.
kōndaकोंद , see kō̃da. krāl क्राल् । कुलालः m. (the f. is kröjü q.v., and signifies either his wife, or a female potter), a potter (always a Musalmān) (El.; K.Pr. 114; L. 462; W. 17; H. xi, 1, 11).-kō̃da -कोँद । कुलालकन्दुः f. a potter's kiln. -khŏḍ -ख्व़ड् । स्थानविशेषः m. N. of a quarter in Śrīnagar, near the Haba Kadal bridge, and inhabited by potters.sērĕ-kajāba सेर्य-कजाब । इष्टिकाकूटम् m. a pyramid-shaped pile of bricks. -kölib -का&above;लिब् । इष्टिकायन्त्रम् m. a brick-mould (cf. -कोँद । इष्टिकाभ्राष्ट्रः f. a brick-kiln. kō̃da-bal, a brick-kiln or a potter's kiln bāna 1 बान । पात्रम् m. a vessel -kō̃da -कोँद । कुलालचुल्लिः f. a potter's furnace, the pile of combustible materials in which he bakes his earthen vessels. -kã̄dur -काँदुर् । काष्ठमयो&1;लिंजरविशेषः m. (sg. dat. -kã̄daras -काँदरस् ), a large kind of jar, wrapped round with twigs cased in mud, kept in kitchens as a receptacle for articles frequently required; a china merchant (El.) kō̃da कोँद । कुलालादिकन्दुः f. a kiln; a potter's kiln (Rām. 1446; H. xi, 11); a brick-kiln (Śiv. 133); a lime-kiln. -bal -बल् । कुलालादिकन्दुस्थानम् m. the place where a kiln is erected, a brick or potter's kiln (Gr.Gr. 165). -- khasüñü -- । कुलालादिकन्दुयथावद्भावः f.inf. a kiln to arise; met. to become like such a kiln (which contains no imperfectly baked articles, but only well-made perfectly baked ones), hence, a collection of good ('pucka') articles or qualities to exist. Cf. Śiv. 133, where the causal form of the verb is used. kō̃da khārüñü, to raise a kiln; met. to raise or make a really good kiln in which only perfect bricks are baked (Śiv. 133; cf. kō̃da khasüñü, p. 384b, l. 28).payĕn-kō̃da पयन्-कोँद । परिपाककन्दुः f. a kiln (a potter's, a lime-kiln, and brick-kiln, or the like); a furnace (for smelting). -thöji -था&above;जि&below; or -thöjü ; । परिपाक- (द्रावण- )मूषा f. a crucible, a melting-pot. -ʦañĕ -च्&dotbelow;ञ । परिपाकोपयोगिशान्ताङ्गारसमूहः f.pl. a special kind of charcoal (made from deodar and similar wood) used in smelting furnaces. -wôlu -वोलु&below; । धात्वादिद्रावण-इष्टिकादिपरिपाकशिल्पी m. a metal-smelter; a brick-baker. -wān -वान् । द्रावणचुल्ली m. a smelting furnace.(Kashmiri) پجه pajaʿh, s.f. (3rd) A brick-kiln, a furnace. Pl. يْ ey.پجه pajaʿh, s.f. (3rd) A furnace, a place for the manufacture of glass, a glass-house, a place where glass is made. Pl. يْ ey.(Pashto)
OP. koṭhārī f. ʻ crucible ʼ, P. kuṭhālī f., H. kuṭhārīf. (CDIAL 3546)
Rebus: kṓṣṭha3546 kṓṣṭha2 n. ʻ pot ʼ Kauś., ʻ granary, storeroom ʼ MBh., ʻ inner apartment ʼ lex., °aka -- n. ʻ treasury ʼ, °ikā f. ʻ pan ʼ Bhpr. [Cf. *kōttha -- , *kōtthala -- : same as prec.?]Pa. koṭṭha -- n. ʻ monk's cell, storeroom ʼ, °aka<-> n. ʻ storeroom ʼ; Pk. koṭṭha -- , kuṭ°, koṭṭhaya -- m. ʻ granary, storeroom ʼ; Sv. dāntar -- kuṭha ʻ fire -- place ʼ; Sh. (Lor.) kōti (ṭh?) ʻ wooden vessel for mixing yeast ʼ; K. kōṭha m. ʻ granary ʼ, kuṭhu m. ʻ room ʼ, kuṭhü f. ʻ granary, storehouse ʼ; S. koṭho m. ʻ large room ʼ, °ṭhī f. ʻ storeroom ʼ; L. koṭhā m. ʻ hut, room, house ʼ, °ṭhī f. ʻ shop, brothel ʼ, awāṇ. koṭhā ʻ house ʼ; P. koṭṭhā, koṭhā m. ʻ house with mud roof and walls, granary ʼ, koṭṭhī, koṭhī f. ʻ big well -- built house, house for married women to prostitute themselves in ʼ; WPah. pāḍ. kuṭhī ʻ house ʼ; Ku. koṭho ʻ large square house ʼ, gng. kōṭhi ʻ room, building ʼ; N. koṭho ʻ chamber ʼ, °ṭhi ʻ shop ʼ; A. koṭhā, kõṭhā ʻ room ʼ, kuṭhī ʻ factory ʼ; B. koṭhā ʻ brick -- built house ʼ, kuṭhī ʻ bank, granary ʼ; Or. koṭhā ʻ brick -- built house ʼ, °ṭhī ʻ factory, granary ʼ; Bi. koṭhī ʻ granary of straw or brushwood in the open ʼ; Mth. koṭhī ʻ grain -- chest ʼ; OAw. koṭha ʻ storeroom ʼ; H. koṭhā m. ʻ granary ʼ, °ṭhī f. ʻ granary, large house ʼ, Marw. koṭho m. ʻ room ʼ; G. koṭhɔ m. ʻ jar in which indigo is stored, warehouse ʼ, °ṭhī f. ʻ large earthen jar, factory ʼ; M. koṭhā m. ʻ large granary ʼ, °ṭhī f. ʻ granary, factory ʼ; Si. koṭa ʻ storehouse ʼ. -- Ext. with -- ḍa -- : K.kūṭhü rü f. ʻ small room ʼ; L. koṭhṛī f. ʻ small side room ʼ; P. koṭhṛī f. ʻ room, house ʼ; Ku. koṭheṛī ʻ small room ʼ; H. koṭhrī f. ʻ room, granary ʼ; M. koṭhḍī f. ʻ room ʼ; -- with -- ra -- : A. kuṭharī ʻ chamber ʼ, B. kuṭhrī, Or. koṭhari; -- with -- lla -- : Sh. (Lor.) kotul (ṭh?) ʻ wattle and mud erection for storing grain ʼ; H.koṭhlā m., °lī f. ʻ room, granary ʼ; G. koṭhlɔ m. ʻ wooden box ʼ.
kōṣṭhapāla -- , *kōṣṭharūpa -- , *kōṣṭhāṁśa -- , kōṣṭhāgāra -- ; *kajjalakōṣṭha -- , *duvārakōṣṭha -- , *dēvakōṣṭha -- , dvārakōṣṭhaka -- .Addenda: kṓṣṭha -- 2 : WPah.kṭg. kóṭṭhi f. ʻ house, quarters, temple treasury, name of a partic. temple ʼ, J. koṭhā m. ʻ granary ʼ, koṭhī f. ʻ granary, bungalow ʼ; Garh. koṭhu ʻ house surrounded by a wall ʼ; Md. koḍi ʻ frame ʼ, <-> koři ʻ cage ʼ (X kōṭṭa -- ). -- with ext.: OP. koṭhārī f. ʻ crucible ʼ, P. kuṭhālī f., H. kuṭhārīf.; -- Md. koṭari ʻ room ʼ. 3547 kōṣṭhapāla m. ʻ storekeeper ʼ W. [kṓṣṭha -- 2 , pāla -- ]M. koṭhvaḷā
m. (CDIAL 3546, 3547) kōṣṭhāgāra 3550 kōṣṭhāgāra n. ʻ storeroom, store ʼ Mn. [kṓṣṭha -- 2 , agāra -- ]Pa. koṭṭhāgāra -- n. ʻ storehouse, granary ʼ; Pk. koṭṭhāgāra -- , koṭṭhāra -- n. ʻ storehouse ʼ; K. kuṭhār m. ʻ wooden granary ʼ, WPah. bhal. kóṭhār m.; A. B.kuṭharī ʻ apartment ʼ, Or. koṭhari; Aw. lakh. koṭhār ʻ zemindar's residence ʼ; H. kuṭhiyār ʻ granary ʼ; G. koṭhār m. ʻ granary, storehouse ʼ, koṭhāriyũ n. ʻ small do. ʼ; M. koṭhār n., koṭhārẽ n. ʻ large granary ʼ, -- °rī f. ʻ small one ʼ; Si. koṭāra ʻ granary, store ʼ.kōṣṭhāgārika -- .Addenda: kōṣṭhāgāra -- : WPah.kṭg. kəṭhāˊr, kc. kuṭhār m. ʻ granary, storeroom ʼ, J. kuṭhār, kṭhār m.; -- Md. kořāru ʻ storehouse ʼ ← Ind.
kōṣṭhāgārika 3551 kōṣṭhāgārika m. ʻ storekeeper ʼ BHSk. [Cf. kōṣṭhā- gārin -- m. ʻ wasp ʼ Suśr.: kōṣṭhāgāra -- ] Pa. koṭṭhāgārika -- m. ʻ storekeeper ʼ; S. koṭhārī m. ʻ one who in a body of faqirs looks after the provision store ʼ; Or. koṭhārī ʻ treasurer ʼ; Bhoj. koṭhārī ʻ storekeeper ʼ, H. kuṭhiyārī m.Addenda: kōṣṭhāgārika -- : G. koṭhārī m. ʻ storekeeper ʼ.(CDIAL 3550, 3551) 1 (nt.) "a kind of koṭṭha," the stronghold over a gateway, used as a store -- room for various things, a chamber, treasury, granary Vin ii. 153, 210; for the purpose of keeping water in it Vin ii. 121=142; 220; treasury J i. 230; ii. 168; -- store -- room J ii. 246; koṭthake pāturahosi appeared at the gateway, i. e. arrived at the mansion Vin i. 291. -- bala -- k. a line of infantry J i. 179. -- koṭṭhaka -- kamma or the occupation connected with a storehouse (or bathroom?) is mentioned as an example of a low occupation at Vin iv. 6; Kern, Toev. s. v. "someone who sweeps away dirt."(Pali)
kolom 'three' (Mu.)Rebus: kolami 'smithy, forge' Ta. kol working in iron, blacksmith; kollaṉ blacksmith. Ma. kollan blacksmith, artificer. Ko. kole·l smithy, temple in Kota village. To. kwala·l Kota smithy. Ka. kolime, kolume, kulame, kulime, kulume, kulme fire-pit, furnace; (Bell.; U.P.U.) konimi blacksmith (Gowda) kolla id. Koḍ. kollë
blacksmith.Te. kolimi furnace. Go. (SR.) kollusānā to mend implements; (Ph.) kolstānā, kulsānā to forge; (Tr.) kōlstānā to repair (of ploughshares); (SR.) kolmismithy (Voc. 948). Kuwi (F.) kolhali to forge.(DEDR 2133) <kol>\\<koRa>(D) {N} ``^oven, ^fireplace, ^hearth''. #40042 So<koRa>//<kol>(L) {N} ``^oven, ^fireplace, ^hearth''..(Munda)
मेढा [ mēḍhā ] A twist or tangle arising in thread or cord, a curl or snarl.(Marathi) *mēṇḍhī ʻ lock of hair, curl ʼ. [Cf. *mēṇḍha --1 s.v. *miḍḍa -- ]
S. mī˜ḍhī f., °ḍho m. ʻ braid in a woman's hair ʼ, L. mē̃ḍhī f.; G. mĩḍlɔ, miḍ° m. ʻ braid of hair on a girl's forehead ʼ; M. meḍhā m. ʻ curl, snarl, twist or tangle in cord or thread ʼ.(CDIAL 10312)
मेढी [ mēḍhī ] f (Dim. ofमेढ ) A small bifurcated stake: also a small stake, with or without furcation, used as a post to support a cross piece. (Marathi) मेढ्या [ mēḍhyā ] a (मेढ Stake or post.) A term for a person considered as the pillar, prop, or support (of a household, army, or other body), the staff or stay. 2 Applied to a person acquainted with clandestine or knavish transactions.
Sa. <i>mE~R~hE~'d</i> `iron'. ! <i>mE~RhE~d</i>(M).
— Slavic glosses for 'copper'
One suggestion is that corruptions from the German "Schmied", "Geschmeide" = jewelry. Schmied, a smith (of tin, gold, silver, or other metal)(German) result in med ‘copper’.![]()
![]()
Relief with Ekamukha linga. Mathura. 1st cent. CE (Fig. 6.2).![]()
Sivalinga. Terracotta. 4.5x4.5 cm. Kalibangan.![]()
![]()
![]()
![]()
Harappa seal.![]()
m1356, m443 table मेढा [ mēḍhā ] A twist or tangle arising in thread or cord, a curl or snarl.(Marathi) mer.ha = twisted, crumpled, as a horn (Santali.lex.) meli, melika = a turn, a twist, a loop, entanglement; meliyu, melivad.u, meligonu = to get twisted or entwined (Te.lex.) [Note the endless knot motif]. Rebus: med. ‘iron’ (Mu.) sattva 'svastika glyph' Rebus: sattva, jasta 'zinc'.
![]()
Crucibles. Ban Chiang. "These thick-walled spouted vessels were made of clay. Analysis of the interiors shows that they were used to melt bronze, copper, and tin for casting in molds. A notable feature of crucibles in the Ban Chiang area is lagging, the thin quartz-rich clay layer deliberately added to the interior of the crucible. The lagging layer would tend to reflect heat into the metal and also retard crucible disintegration. The use of a lagging layer indicates that the Ban Chiang metalworkers possessed a sophisticated understanding of refractory principles. Some crucible fragments have several layers of lagging, indicating that they were used repeatedly." http://penn.museum/banchiang/findings/pottery/
![]()
Two views of a fine crucible that was found in one of the pits. It would have been used in the manufacture of copper or silver objects.
![]()
Trefoil inlay decorated on a bull calf. Uruk (W.16017) ca. 3000 BCE. kõdā 'young bull calf' Rebus: kõdā 'turner-joiner' (forge),
The trefoil hieroglyph on the priest's shawl, on the body of a bull calf and on the base pedestal of a s'ivalinga is comparable to the hieroglyph which appears on painted lid or dish -- in the context of venerating the dead. This points to reverence for ancestors.
![]()
Steatite statue fragment; Mohenjodaro (Sd 767); trefoil-decorated bull; traces of red pigment remain inside the trefoils. After Ardeleanu-Jansen 1989: 196, fig. 1; Parpola, 1994, p. 213.![]()
Trefoils painted on steatite beads, Harappa (After Vats, Pl. CXXXIII, Fig.2)![]()
![King Tut's burial bed in the form of the Celestial Cow. The Cow represents the Goddess Hathor Mehet-Urt, whose horns are decorated with the solar disk.]()
![]()
Lingam, grey sandstone in situ, Harappa. ![]()
Stone base for Sivalinga.Tre-foil inlay decorated base (for linga icon?); smoothed, polished pedestal of dark red stone; National Museum of Pakistan, Karachi; After Mackay 1938: I, 411; II, pl. 107:35; Parpola, 1994, p. 218.![]()
Two decorated bases and a lingam, Mohenjodaro. Trefoil inlay decorated base (for linga icon?); smoothed, polished pedestal of dark red stone; National Museum of Pakistan, Karachi; After Mackay 1938: I, 411; II, pl. 107:35; Parpola, 1994, p. 218. "In an earthenware jar, No. 12414, recovered from Mound F, Trench IV, Square I"
![]()
![]()
![]()
![]()
पोतृ pōtṛ " Purifier " , Name of one of the 16 officiating priests at a sacrifice (the assistant of the Brahman (Rigveda) pōtrá1 ʻ *cleaning instrument ʼ (ʻ the Potr̥'s soma vessel ʼ RV.). [√pū ] Bi. pot ʻ jeweller's polishing stone ʼ? -- Rather < *pōttī -- .(CDIAL 8404) pōtṛ पोतृ m. 1 One of the sixteen officiating priests at a sacrifice (assistant of the priest called ब्रह्मन्). -2 An epithet of Viṣṇu.![]()
Mesopotamian lama deity, a bull with a human head, kind, protective spirits associated with the great sun god Shamash. In one inscription, an Assyrian king called upon lama deities to "turn back an evil person, guard the steps, and secure the path of the king who fashioned them." 2100-2000 BCE Serpentine, a smooth green stone the color of life-giving water in a desert area. The hollowed-out shapes on the body originally were inlaid with pearly shell or lapis lazuli.
The orthography of triskelion hieroglyph on a Kirkburn linch-pin yields a clue to decipher the cognate trefoil hieroglyph of Indus Script Corpora. The trefoil is a composite of three crucibles joined together. Crucibles are used to produce hard alloys. Trefoil hieroglyph-multiplexes adorn a Mohenjo-daro statuette of a person with a well-trimmed beard and wearing fillet on his forehead and on his shoulder. The hieroglyph-multiplexes are deciphered The trefoil adornment on a statuette of Mohenjo-daro of पोतृ pōtṛ " Purifier "(Rigveda) is identified as a composite of three crucibles (koṭhārī) joined together and deciphered as koṭhārī खोद khōda kolimi paṭṭaḍa 'treasurer, engraver (scribe) of the smithy (workshop)'.
The trefoil adornment on a statuette of Mohenjo-daro of पोतृ pōtṛ " Purifier "(Rigveda) is identified as a composite of three crucibles (koṭhārī) joined together and deciphered as koṭhārī खोद khōda kolimi paṭṭaḍa 'treasurer, engraver (scribe) of the smithy (workshop)'.
He wears a fillet of authority on his forehead and also on his shoulder. Hieroglyph: Or. pāta ʻ metal -- foil ʼ, patā ʻ eyelid ʼ, pātiā ʻ thin slip of metal ʼ(CDIAL 3733) Ta. paṭṭaṭai, paṭṭaṟai anvil, smithy, forge. Ka. paṭṭaḍe, paṭṭaḍi anvil, workshop. Te. paṭṭika, paṭṭeḍa anvil; paṭṭaḍa workshop.(DEDR 3865).
The triskelion hieroglyph of a Galician torc terminal and Kirkburn linch-pin is a variant of the trefoil which adorns as a hieroglyph, the shawl worn by the person with well-trimmed beard on Mohenjo-daro statuette.
When the trefoil adorns a young bull: खोंड [ khōṇḍa ] m A young bull, a bullcalf. (Marathi) Rebus: kō̃da
Triskelion and spirals on a Galician torc terminal (Museu do Castro de Santa Tegra).
Castro torc terminal from the oppidum of Santa Tegra, A GuardaFile:Torque de Santa Tegra 1.JPG Celtic
http://www.eccentricbliss.com/tag/museu-do-castro-de-santa-tegra/
Stone work: Castro culture
Triskelion of the oppidum of Coeliobriga
A selection of motifs and carvings from the oppida region "From the 2nd century BC, specially in the south, some of the hill-forts turned into semi-urban fortified towns, oppida.The terms oppida and urbs are used by classical authors such as Pliny the Elder and Pomponius Mela for describing the major fortified town of NW Iberia." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castro_culture#cite_note-14
Back of a sitting statue
Torque de Foxados, Museo de Pontevedra, Galicia
Torcs from northern Galicia
కొఠారు [ koṭhāru ] Same as కొటారు.కొటారు [ koṭāru ] , కొటారము or కొఠారు koṭāru.[Tel.] n. A store, a granary. A place to keep grain, salt, &c.
కొఠీ [ koṭhī ] koṭhī. [H.] n. A bank. A mercantile house or firm. కొషీవేయు to set up or open a bank.
கொட்டகாரம் koṭṭakāram
, n. prob. kōṣṭha + agāra. [T. koṭāramu, M. koṭṭakāram, Tu. koṭṭāra.] Store-room, granary; நெல்முதலிய பண்டம்வைக்கும் அறை. நெற்கூட்டி னிரைசெறிந்த புரிபலவா நிலைக்கொட்டகாரத்தில் (பெரியபு. இடங் கழி. 7).கொட்டடி koṭṭaṭi
, n. < U. kōṭhari. cf. Mhr. kōṭhaḍi. 1. Room, as kitchen, store- room; சமையல் முதலியவற்றிற்கு உதவும் அறை. 2. Cattle-shed; மாட்டுக்கொட்டில். 3. Prisoner's cell; சிறைச்சாலை அறை. 4. Check, silk cloth of a woman; சேலைவகை.கொட்டாரம் koṭṭāram
, n. cf. Mhr. kōṭhāra. [T. koṭāramu, K. Tu. koṭṭāra, M. koṭṭāram.] 1. cf. kōṣṭhāgāra. Granary; தானியக் களஞ்சியம். படைக்கலக் கொட்டிலும் புடைக்கொட் டாரமும் (பெருங். மகத. 14, 19). 2. [K. koṭārū.] Place where paddy or other grains are husked; நெல் முதலிய தானியம் குத்துமிடம். 3. Elephant-stall; யானைக்கூடம். Loc. 4. Palace; அரண்மனை. Loc. 5. cf. kōṭṭāra. Principal entrance of a palace, etc.; porch; அரண்மனை முதலியவற்றின் தலைவாசல். (W.)கொட்டி³ koṭṭi n. cf. kōṭṭāra. 1. Tower- gate in a temple; கோபுரவாசல். 2. Gate; வாயில். (அக. நி.)
खोंडरूं [ khōṇḍarūṃ ] n A contemptuous form of
खोंड [ khōṇḍa ] m A young bull, a bullcalf. (Marathi)
खोदणी [ khōdaṇī ] f (Verbal of
खोदींव [ khōdīṃva ] p of
kōnda
OP. koṭhārī f. ʻ crucible ʼ, P. kuṭhālī f., H. kuṭhārīf. (CDIAL 3546)
Sv. dāntar -- kuṭha ʻ fire -- place ʼ (CDIAL 3546)
WPah.kṭg. kóṭṭhi f. ʻtemple treasury, name of a partic. temple'
(CDIAL 3546)
Rebus: kṓṣṭha
kolom 'three' (Mu.)Rebus: kolami 'smithy, forge' Ta. kol working in iron, blacksmith; kollaṉ blacksmith. Ma. kollan blacksmith, artificer. Ko. kole·l smithy, temple in Kota village. To. kwala·l Kota smithy. Ka. kolime, kolume, kulame, kulime, kulume, kulme fire-pit, furnace; (Bell.; U.P.U.) konimi blacksmith (Gowda) kolla id. Koḍ. kollë
blacksmith.Te. kolimi furnace. Go. (SR.) kollusānā to mend implements; (Ph.) kolstānā, kulsānā to forge; (Tr.) kōlstānā to repair (of ploughshares); (SR.) kolmismithy (Voc. 948). Kuwi (F.) kolhali to forge.(DEDR 2133) <kol>\\<koRa>(D) {N} ``^oven, ^fireplace, ^hearth''. #40042 So<koRa>//<kol>(L) {N} ``^oven, ^fireplace, ^hearth''..(Munda)
मेढा [ mēḍhā ] A twist or tangle arising in thread or cord, a curl or snarl.(Marathi) *mēṇḍhī ʻ lock of hair, curl ʼ. [Cf. *mēṇḍha --
S. mī˜ḍhī f., °ḍho m. ʻ braid in a woman's hair ʼ, L. mē̃ḍhī f.; G. mĩḍlɔ, miḍ° m. ʻ braid of hair on a girl's forehead ʼ; M. meḍhā m. ʻ curl, snarl, twist or tangle in cord or thread ʼ.(CDIAL 10312)
मेढी [ mēḍhī ] f (Dim. of
meď 'copper' (Slovak)
Santali glosses:![]()
Wilhelm von Hevesy wrote about the Finno-Ugric-Munda kinship, like "Munda-Magyar-Maori, an Indian link between the antipodes new tracks of Hungarian origins" and "Finnisch-Ugrisches aus Indien". (DRIEM, George van: Languages of the Himalayas: an ethnolinguistic handbook. 1997. p.161-162.) Sumerian-Ural-Altaic language affinities have been noted. Given the presence of Meluhha settlements in Sumer, some Meluhha glosses might have been adapted in these languages. One etyma cluster refers to 'iron' exemplified by meD (Ho.). The alternative suggestion for the origin of the gloss med 'copper' in Uralic languages may be explained by the word meD (Ho.) of Munda family of Meluhha language stream:
Sa. <i>mE~R~hE~'d</i> `iron'. ! <i>mE~RhE~d</i>(M).
Ma. <i>mErhE'd</i> `iron'.
Mu. <i>mERE'd</i> `iron'.
~ <i>mE~R~E~'d</i> `iron'. ! <i>mENhEd</i>(M).
Ho <i>meD</i> `iron'.
Bj. <i>merhd</i>(Hunter) `iron'.
KW <i>mENhEd</i>
@(V168,M080)
— Slavic glosses for 'copper'
Мед [Med]Bulgarian
Bakar Bosnian
Медзь [medz']Belarusian
Měď Czech
Bakar Croatian
KòperKashubian
Бакар [Bakar]Macedonian
Miedź Polish
Медь [Med']Russian
Meď Slovak
BakerSlovenian
Бакар [Bakar]Serbian
Мідь [mid'] Ukrainian[unquote]
Miedź, med' (Northern Slavic, Altaic) 'copper'.
One suggestion is that corruptions from the German "Schmied", "Geschmeide" = jewelry. Schmied, a smith (of tin, gold, silver, or other metal)(German) result in med ‘copper’.
Architectural fragment with relief showing winged dwarfs (or gaNa) worshipping with flower garlands, Siva Linga. Bhuteshwar, ca. 2nd cent BCE.
Relief with Ekamukha linga. Mathura. 1st cent. CE (Fig. 6.2).
Sivalinga. Terracotta. 4.5x4.5 cm. Kalibangan.
Sivalinga. Harappa.
Mohejodaro, tablet in bas relief (M-478)
Harappa seal.
m1356, m443 table मेढा [ mēḍhā ] A twist or tangle arising in thread or cord, a curl or snarl.(Marathi) mer.ha = twisted, crumpled, as a horn (Santali.lex.) meli, melika = a turn, a twist, a loop, entanglement; meliyu, melivad.u, meligonu = to get twisted or entwined (Te.lex.) [Note the endless knot motif]. Rebus: med. ‘iron’ (Mu.) sattva 'svastika glyph' Rebus: sattva, jasta 'zinc'.Altar, platform: Ta. mēṭai platform, raised floor, artificial mound, terraced house. Ma. mēṭa raised place, tower, upper story, palace. Te. mēḍa house with two or more stories, upper chamber. Pa. mēṛ ole bungalow. Go. (Ko.) mēṛā large house, bungalow (Voc. 2965). Konḍa mēṛa mide terraced building (see 5069). Pe. mēṛstoried house, mansion. Kuwi (S.) mēḍa illu storied house; (Isr.) mēṛa upstair building. / Cf. Skt. (lex.) meṭa- whitewashed storied house; Pkt. meḍaya- id. (DEDR 4796) మేడ (p. 1034) [ mēḍa ] mēḍa. [Tel.] n. A mansion or large house: an upper chamber, a storey,(Telugu) pīṭha n. ʻ stool, bench ʼ Gr̥S., °aka -- m.n. BhP., pīṭhī -- , °ṭhikā -- f. R. 2. *pēḍha -- 1 . 3. *pēḍḍha -- . [Variety of form suggests non -- Aryan origin]
1. Pa. pīṭha -- , °aka -- n., pīṭhikā -- f.; Pk. pīḍha -- , °aga<-> n. ʻ stool ʼ, pīḍhī -- f. ʻ supporting beam of a house ʼ, °ḍhiā<-> f. ʻ a kind of seat ʼ; Pr. pīrə ʻ outside wall ʼ NTS xv 269; K. pīr, pīrü f. ʻ stool ʼ; S. pīṛhī f. ʻ throne ʼ; L. pihṛā m., °ṛī f. ʻ stool ʼ, awāṇ. pīˋṛā, P. pīṛhā m., °ṛhī f., Ku. pīṛo m.; N. pirā ʻ stool, bench ʼ; A. pirā ʻ stool ʼ, pīri ʻ beam of a boat, flat pieces of wood fixed crosswise over shafts of a cart ʼ; Or. piṛha ʻ altar, platform ʼ, piṛhā ʻ stool ʼ, piṛhi ʻ footstool ʼ; Bi. pīṛhā, °ṛhī, piṛhiyā ʻ wooden seat on which a woman sits at the handmill ʼ, piṛhiyā ʻ apex triangle in front of driver's seat in a cart ʼ, (Gaya) pīṛhā ʻ pastry -- board ʼ; Mth. pīṛhā, °ṛhi ʻ stool ʼ, Bhoj. pīṛhā, OAw. pīḍha; H. pīṛhā m. ʻ large square stool ʼ, pīṛhī f. ʻ small do. ʼ; G. pīḍhiyũ n. ʻ beam to which floor planks are fastened ʼ, pīḍhi f., ʻ molar tooth ʼ, pīḍhiyũ n. ʻ molar tooth, gums ʼ (cf. dantapīṭhāḥ m. pl. ʻ tooth sockets ʼ VS. com. and semant. bársva -- ʻ tooth -- socket ~ bunch, bolster ʼ P. Thieme ZDMG 62, 47); M. piḍhẽ n. ʻ stool ʼ; Si. piḷa, pila ʻ ledge along a house to sit on, veranda, portico ʼ.2. Pk. pēḍha -- m., °ḍhī -- , °ḍhiā -- f. ʻ stool ʼ.3. Paš.weg. nir. peṛāˊ ʻ stairs ʼ (IIFL iii 3, 147 < pīṭha -- ?); S. peḍhī f. ʻ shelf fixed in a wall ʼ; G. peḍhī f. ʻ step of a ladder ʼ; M. peḍhī f. ʻ raised place on the floor ʼ.(CDIAL 8222)
करडी [ karaḍī ] f (See करडई) Safflower: also its seed. Rebus: karaḍa 'hard alloy' of arka 'copper'. Rebus: fire-god: @B27990. #16671. Remo <karandi>E155 {N} ``^fire-^god''.(Munda).
sangi 'mollusc', Rebus: sangi 'pilgrim'
Rings on neck: koDiyum (G.) koṭiyum = a wooden circle put round the neck of an animal; koṭ = neck (G.lex.)
Rebus: koD 'artisan's
workshop'
(Kuwi) koD = place where artisans work (Gujarati).
koṭe 'forge' (Mu.)
koṭe meṛed = forged iron, in contrast to dul meṛed, cast iron (Mundari)
Hieroglyph: Bi. goṭā ʻ seed Rebus: L. khoṭā ʻ forged ʼ; P. khoṭ 'alloy'
*gōṭṭa ʻ something round ʼ. [Cf. guḍá -- 1 . -- In sense ʻ fruit, kernel ʼ cert. ← Drav., cf. Tam. koṭṭai ʻ nut, kernel ʼ, Kan. goṟaṭe &c. listed DED 1722]K. goṭh f., dat. °ṭi f. ʻ chequer or chess or dice board ʼ; S. g̠oṭu m. ʻ large ball of tobacco ready for hookah ʼ, °ṭī f. ʻ small do. ʼ; P. goṭ f. ʻ spool on which gold or silver wire is wound, piece on a chequer board ʼ; N. goṭo ʻ piece ʼ, goṭi ʻ chess piece ʼ; A. goṭ ʻ a fruit, whole piece ʼ, °ṭā ʻ globular, solid ʼ, guṭi ʻ small ball, seed, kernel ʼ; B. goṭā ʻ seed, bean, whole ʼ; Or. goṭā ʻ whole, undivided ʼ, goṭi ʻ small ball, cocoon ʼ, goṭāli ʻ small round piece of chalk ʼ; Bi. goṭā ʻ seed ʼ; Mth.goṭa ʻ numerative particle ʼ; H. goṭ f. ʻ piece (at chess &c.) ʼ; G. goṭ m. ʻ cloud of smoke ʼ, °ṭɔ m. ʻ kernel of coconut, nosegay ʼ, °ṭī f. ʻ lump of silver, clot of blood ʼ, °ṭilɔ m. ʻ hard ball of cloth ʼ; M. goṭā m. ʻ roundish stone ʼ, °ṭī f. ʻ a marble ʼ, goṭuḷā ʻ spherical ʼ; Si. guṭiya ʻ lump, ball ʼ; -- prob. also P. goṭṭā ʻ gold or silver lace ʼ, H. goṭā m. ʻ edging of such ʼ (→ K. goṭa m. ʻ edging of gold braid ʼ, S. goṭo m. ʻ gold or silver lace ʼ); M. goṭ ʻ hem of a garment, metal wristlet ʼ.
*gōḍḍ -- ʻ dig ʼ see *khōdd -- .Addenda: *gōṭṭa -- : also Ko. gōṭu ʻ silver or gold braid ʼ.(CDIAL 4271)
*gōḍḍ -- ʻ dig ʼ see *
L. khoṭ f. ʻ alloy, impurity ʼ, °ṭā ʻ alloyed ʼ, awāṇ. khoṭā ʻ forged ʼ; P. khoṭ m. ʻ base, alloy ʼ (PhonPj 117 Bshk. khoṭ ʻ embers ʼ, Phal. khūṭo ʻ ashes, burning coal ʼ(CDIAL 3931)
Crucibles. Ban Chiang. "These thick-walled spouted vessels were made of clay. Analysis of the interiors shows that they were used to melt bronze, copper, and tin for casting in molds. A notable feature of crucibles in the Ban Chiang area is lagging, the thin quartz-rich clay layer deliberately added to the interior of the crucible. The lagging layer would tend to reflect heat into the metal and also retard crucible disintegration. The use of a lagging layer indicates that the Ban Chiang metalworkers possessed a sophisticated understanding of refractory principles. Some crucible fragments have several layers of lagging, indicating that they were used repeatedly." http://penn.museum/banchiang/findings/pottery/
Two views of a fine crucible that was found in one of the pits. It would have been used in the manufacture of copper or silver objects.
Find out more at http://www.wessexarch.co.uk/projects/county/hampshire/28-jewry-street-winchester
damkom = a bull calf (Santali) Rebus: damha = a fireplace; dumhe = to heap, to collect together (Santali)
![]()
Trefoil design on the uttarIyam of the priest, AcArya, PotR. This denotes: three strands of rope: dāmā 'rope' rebus: dhāma ʻreligious conduct'.![]()
Trefoil designs on the shawl garment of the 'priest' Mohenjo-daro statue. The left shoulder is covered with a cloak decorated with trefoil, double circle and single circle designs that were originally filled with red pigment. Drill holes in the center of each circle indicate they were made with a specialized drill and then touched up with a chisel. Material: white, low fired steatiteDimensions: 17.5 cm height, 11 cm width Mohenjo-daro, DK 1909 National Museum, Karachi, 50.852 Marshall 1931: 356-7, pl. XCVIII
The trefoil hieroglyph on the priest's shawl, on the body of a bull calf and on the base pedestal of a s'ivalinga is comparable to the hieroglyph which appears on painted lid or dish -- in the context of venerating the dead. This points to reverence for ancestors.![Sumerian marble calf with inlaid trefoils of blue stone. From the late Uruk era, cira 3000 B.C.]()
![]()
Sumerian marble calf with inlaid trefoils of blue stone. From the late Uruk era, Jemdet Nasr cira 3300 - 2900 B.C.E 5.3 cm. long; Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin; Parpola, 1994, p. 213.
Steatite statue fragment; Mohenjodaro (Sd 767); trefoil-decorated bull; traces of red pigment remain inside the trefoils. After Ardeleanu-Jansen 1989: 196, fig. 1; Parpola, 1994, p. 213.
Trefoils painted on steatite beads, Harappa (After Vats, Pl. CXXXIII, Fig.2)
Harry Burton photograph taken during the excavation of the tomb in 1922 in pharaoh's Antechamber, Treasury and Burial chamber.
Funeral couch of Tutankhamen (1336 BC - 1327 BCE) features cow with solar disc and inlay blue glass trefoils decorating the body. Said to represent Goddess Hathor.
"An inscription from The Book of the divine cow found in the Burial chamber alludes to its sacred function as a solar barque for bearing the pharaoh to the heavens...Hieroglyphs carved on the footboard promise the protection of Isis and the endurance of Osiris."http://www.kingtutexhibit.com/catalogs/tutankhamun_catalog.pdf
Terracotta sivalinga, Kalibangan.Shape of polished lingam found at Harappa is like the summit of Mt. Kailas, Himalayas. Plate X(c), Lingam in situ in trench Ai (MS Vats, 1940, Exxcavations at Harappa, Vol. II, Calcutta). In trenches III and IV two more stone lingams were found. (MS Vats, opcit., Vol. I, pp. 51-52). The Hindu traditional metaphor of s'iva is the glacial river Ganga emerging from locks of his hair as he sits in penance on summit of Mt. Kailas, Himalayas. The metaphor results in Kailas in Ellora, showing Ravana lifting up the mountain.
Two decorated bases and a lingam, Mohenjodaro. Trefoil inlay decorated base (for linga icon?); smoothed, polished pedestal of dark red stone; National Museum of Pakistan, Karachi; After Mackay 1938: I, 411; II, pl. 107:35; Parpola, 1994, p. 218. "In an earthenware jar, No. 12414, recovered from Mound F, Trench IV, Square I"If one end of a tape or belt is turned over three times and then pasted to the other, a trefoil knot results. (Shaw, George Russell (MCMXXXIII). Knots: Useful & Ornamental, p.11.)
It is possible to decipher the hieroglyphs using the rebus-metonymy layered cipher of Indus writing system.
The Meluhha semantics of objects signified by these three hieroglyphs are related to metalwork guild.
Trefoil hieroglyph or three 'beads, orifice'
kolom 'three' (Munda) Rebus: kolami 'smithy, forge'. The triplicate ![]()
composing the trefoil is a semantic determinant of the signified object: smithy, forge.
composing the trefoil is a semantic determinant of the signified object: smithy, forge.*pōttī ʻ glass bead ʼ.Pk. pottī -- f. ʻ glass ʼ; S. pūti f. ʻ glass bead ʼ, P. pot f.; N. pote ʻ long straight bar of jewelry ʼ; B. pot ʻ glass bead ʼ, puti, pũti ʻ small bead ʼ; Or. puti ʻ necklace of small glass beads ʼ; H. pot m. ʻ glass bead ʼ, G. M. pot f.; -- Bi. pot ʻ jeweller's polishing stone ʼ rather than < pōtrá -- 1 .(CDIAL 8403) பொத்தல் pottal , n. < id. [K. poṭṭare, M. pottu, Tu. potre.] 1. Hole, orifice.
Rebus: Soma priest, jeweller's polishing stone
Rebus: Soma priest, jeweller's polishing stone
पोतृ pōtṛ " Purifier " , Name of one of the 16 officiating priests at a sacrifice (the assistant of the Brahman (Rigveda) pōtrá
Mesopotamian lama deity, a bull with a human head, kind, protective spirits associated with the great sun god Shamash. In one inscription, an Assyrian king called upon lama deities to "turn back an evil person, guard the steps, and secure the path of the king who fashioned them." 2100-2000 BCE Serpentine, a smooth green stone the color of life-giving water in a desert area. The hollowed-out shapes on the body originally were inlaid with pearly shell or lapis lazuli."Images of human-headed bulls are found throughout Mesopotamian history. Several statuettes dating from the late third millennium BC show a bearded creature wearing the divine horned headdress, lying down with its head turned to the side. They have been found at various Sumerian sites, the majority from Telloh.
![Bovine head rhyton]()
Crete. Cow-head rhython with trefoil decor.
1 G. Contenau, Manual d'archeologie orientale, II, Paris, 1931, p. 698-9.2 ibid. and A. Evans, the Palace of Mines, II, 1928, p. 2613 The Babylonian Legends of the Creation (Brit. Mus. 1931), p. 59; Antiquaries Journal, III, 1923, p.3314 Evans, op cit. I, 1921, pp. 513-145 ibid. IV, 1935, p. 315
miṇḍāl markhor (Tor.wali) meḍho a ram, a sheep (G.)(CDIAL 10120)
Rebus: meḍ (Ho.); mẽṛhet ‘iron’ (Mu.Ho.)mẽṛh t iron; ispat m. = steel; dul m. = cast iron (Munda) ![]()
"Late Harappan Period dish or lid with perforation at edge for hanging or attaching to large jar. It shows a Blackbuck antelope with trefoil design made of combined circle-and-dot motifs, possibly representing stars. It is associated with burial pottery of the Cemetery H period,dating after 1900 BC.The Late Harappan Period at Harappa is represented by the Cemetery H culture (190-1300 BC) which is named after the discovery of a large cemetery filled with painted burial urns and some extended inhumations. The earlier burials in this cemetery were laid out much like Harappan coffin burials, but in the later burials, adults were cremated and the bones placed in large urns (164). The change in burial customs represents a major shift in religion and can also be correlated to important changes in economic and political organization. Cemetery H pottery and related ceramics have been found throughout northern Pakistan, even as far north as Swat, where they mix with distinctive local traditions. In the east, numerous sites in the Ganga-Yamuna Doab provide evidence for the gradual expansion of settlements into this heavily forested region. One impetus for this expansion may have been the increasing use of rice and other summer (kharif) crops that could be grown using monsoon stimulated rains. Until late in the Harappan Period (after 2200 BC) the agricultural foundation of the Harappan cities was largely winter (rabi) crops that included wheat and barley. Although the Cemetery H culture encompassed a relatively large area, the trade connections with thewestern highlands began to break down as did the trade with the coast. Lapis lazuli and turquoise beads are rarely found in the settlements, and marine shell for ornaments and ritual objects gradually disappeared. On the other hand the technology of faience manufacture becomes more refined, possibly in order to compensate for the lack of raw materials such as shell, faience and possibly even carnelian." (Kenoyer in harappa.com slide description) http://www.harappa.com/indus2/162.html
The chariot linch-pin found at Kirkburn has a triskele hieroglyph-multiplex with an orthography of hierolyph components signifying associated semantics of metalwork. The circular edge of the ends of the linch-pin is embossed with raised circles signifying ingots out of the three sets of crucibles. ![Copper alloy and iron linch pin; exposed iron shank, rectangular in section and markedly off-centre to the upper terminal. Upper terminal slightly lop-sided, its perforation is clear of corrosion, and there are wear facets at two points on the edge of th]()
In this hieroglyph-multiplex, the central hieroglyph component is three curved (crucibles) emanating from the centre. At the tip of each of the three cuve-endings, an explanatory hieroglyph component signifies: 1. crucible; and 2. a round ingot emanating from the crucible. Orthography clearly signifies metalwork by a Celtic artisan. The bend in the curved legs emanating from the centre in the triskele is relatable to: कोट or bend, कोटः kōṭḥ Crookedness. A beard (Samskritam. Apte)
Hieroglyph: koṭhārī f. ʻ crucible (Old Punjabi)(CDIAL 3546) Rebus: Pk. koṭṭhāgāra -- , koṭṭhāra -- n. ʻ storehouse ʼ; K. kuṭhār m. ʻ wooden granary ʼ, WPah. bhal. kóṭhār m.; A. B. kuṭharī ʻ apartment ʼ, Or. koṭhari; Aw. lakh. koṭhār ʻ zemindar's residence ʼ; H. kuṭhiyār ʻ granary ʼ; G. koṭhār m. ʻ granary, storehouse ʼ, koṭhāriyũ n. ʻ small do. ʼ; M. koṭhār n., koṭhārẽ n. ʻ large granary ʼ, -- °rī f. ʻ small one ʼ; Si.koṭāra ʻ granary, store ʼ.(CDIAL 3550).
*gōṭṭa ʻ something round ʼ. [Cf. guḍá -- 1 . -- In sense ʻ fruit, kernel ʼ cert. ← Drav., cf. Tam. koṭṭai ʻ nut, kernel ʼ, Kan. goṟaṭe &c. listed DED 1722] K. goṭh f., dat. °ṭi f. ʻ chequer or chess or dice board ʼ; S. g̠oṭu m. ʻ large ball of tobacco ready for hookah ʼ, °ṭī f. ʻ small do. ʼ; P. goṭ f. ʻ spool on which gold or silver wire is wound, piece on a chequer board ʼ; N. goṭo ʻ piece ʼ, goṭi ʻ chess piece ʼ; A. goṭ ʻ a fruit, whole piece ʼ, °ṭā ʻ globular, solid ʼ, guṭi ʻ small ball, seed, kernel ʼ; B. goṭā ʻ seed, bean, whole ʼ; Or. goṭā ʻ whole, undivided ʼ, goṭi ʻ small ball, cocoon ʼ, goṭāli ʻ small round piece of chalk ʼ; Bi. goṭā ʻ seed ʼ; Mth. goṭa ʻ numerative particle ʼ; H. goṭ f. ʻ piece (at chess &c.) ʼ; G. goṭ m. ʻ cloud of smoke ʼ, °ṭɔm. ʻ kernel of coconut, nosegay ʼ, °ṭī f. ʻ lump of silver, clot of blood ʼ, °ṭilɔ m. ʻ hard ball of cloth ʼ; M. goṭā m. ʻ roundish stone ʼ, °ṭī f. ʻ a marble ʼ, goṭuḷā ʻ spherical ʼ; Si. guṭiya ʻ lump, ball ʼ; -- prob. also P. goṭṭā ʻ gold or silver lace ʼ, H. goṭā m. ʻ edging of such ʼ (→ K. goṭa m. ʻ edging of gold braid ʼ, S. goṭo m. ʻ gold or silver lace ʼ); M. goṭ ʻ hem of a garment, metal wristlet ʼ.*gōḍḍ -- ʻ dig ʼ see *khōdd -- .Addenda: *gōṭṭa -- : also Ko. gōṭu ʻ silver or gold braid ʼ.(CDIAL 4271) Rebus: खोट (p. 212) [ khōṭa ] f A mass of metal (unwrought or of old metal melted down); an ingot or wedge.(Marathi)
kōṣṭhāgārika m. ʻ storekeeper ʼ BHSk. [Cf. kōṣṭhā- gārin -- m. ʻ wasp ʼ Suśr.: kōṣṭhāgāra -- ] Pa. koṭṭhāgārika -- m. ʻ storekeeper ʼ; S. koṭhārī m. ʻ one who in a body of faqirs looks after the provision store ʼ; Or. koṭhārī ʻ treasurer ʼ; Bhoj. koṭhārī ʻ storekeeper ʼ, H. kuṭhiyārī m.Addenda: kōṣṭhāgārika -- : G. koṭhārī m. ʻ storekeeper ʼ.(CDIAL 3551)
The Kirkburn triskele yields the following hieroglyphs and rebus readings:
Hieroglyphs: 1. कोटः kōṭḥ Crookedness. 2. Bi. goṭā ʻ seed Rebus: L. khoṭā ʻ forged ʼ; P. khoṭ 'alloy'
Hieroglyph: koṭhārī f. ʻ crucible' Rebus: koṭhārī ʻ treasurer ʼ
Hieroglyph: kolom 'three' Rebus: kolimi 'smithy, forge'.Hieroglyph: koṭhārī f. ʻ crucible' Thus, the triskele/trefoil reads: kolom khoṭ Rebus: kolimi 'smithy' koṭhārī ʻ treasurer ʼ
The trefoil wearing statuette signifies the message of a treasurer of the smithy: kolimi koṭhārī
S. KalyanaramanSarasvati Research CenterSeptember 20, 2015
Crete. Cow-head rhython with trefoil decor.1 G. Contenau, Manual d'archeologie orientale, II, Paris, 1931, p. 698-9.
2 ibid. and A. Evans, the Palace of Mines, II, 1928, p. 261
3 The Babylonian Legends of the Creation (Brit. Mus. 1931), p. 59; Antiquaries Journal, III, 1923, p.331
4 Evans, op cit. I, 1921, pp. 513-14
5 ibid. IV, 1935, p. 315
"Late Harappan Period dish or lid with perforation at edge for hanging or attaching to large jar. It shows a Blackbuck antelope with trefoil design made of combined circle-and-dot motifs, possibly representing stars. It is associated with burial pottery of the Cemetery H period,dating after 1900 BC.The Late Harappan Period at Harappa is represented by the Cemetery H culture (190-1300 BC) which is named after the discovery of a large cemetery filled with painted burial urns and some extended inhumations. The earlier burials in this cemetery were laid out much like Harappan coffin burials, but in the later burials, adults were cremated and the bones placed in large urns (164). The change in burial customs represents a major shift in religion and can also be correlated to important changes in economic and political organization. Cemetery H pottery and related ceramics have been found throughout northern Pakistan, even as far north as Swat, where they mix with distinctive local traditions. In the east, numerous sites in the Ganga-Yamuna Doab provide evidence for the gradual expansion of settlements into this heavily forested region. One impetus for this expansion may have been the increasing use of rice and other summer (kharif) crops that could be grown using monsoon stimulated rains. Until late in the Harappan Period (after 2200 BC) the agricultural foundation of the Harappan cities was largely winter (rabi) crops that included wheat and barley. Although the Cemetery H culture encompassed a relatively large area, the trade connections with thewestern highlands began to break down as did the trade with the coast. Lapis lazuli and turquoise beads are rarely found in the settlements, and marine shell for ornaments and ritual objects gradually disappeared. On the other hand the technology of faience manufacture becomes more refined, possibly in order to compensate for the lack of raw materials such as shell, faience and possibly even carnelian." (Kenoyer in harappa.com slide description) http://www.harappa.com/indus2/162.html
The chariot linch-pin found at Kirkburn has a triskele hieroglyph-multiplex with an orthography of hierolyph components signifying associated semantics of metalwork. The circular edge of the ends of the linch-pin is embossed with raised circles signifying ingots out of the three sets of crucibles.
In this hieroglyph-multiplex, the central hieroglyph component is three curved (crucibles) emanating from the centre. At the tip of each of the three cuve-endings, an explanatory hieroglyph component signifies: 1. crucible; and 2. a round ingot emanating from the crucible. Orthography clearly signifies metalwork by a Celtic artisan. The bend in the curved legs emanating from the centre in the triskele is relatable to: कोट or bend, कोटः kōṭḥ Crookedness. A beard (Samskritam. Apte)
Hieroglyph: koṭhārī f. ʻ crucible (Old Punjabi)(CDIAL 3546) Rebus: Pk. koṭṭhāgāra -- , koṭṭhāra -- n. ʻ storehouse ʼ; K. kuṭhār m. ʻ wooden granary ʼ, WPah. bhal. kóṭhār m.; A. B. kuṭharī ʻ apartment ʼ, Or. koṭhari; Aw. lakh. koṭhār ʻ zemindar's residence ʼ; H. kuṭhiyār ʻ granary ʼ; G. koṭhār m. ʻ granary, storehouse ʼ, koṭhāriyũ n. ʻ small do. ʼ; M. koṭhār n., koṭhārẽ n. ʻ large granary ʼ, -- °rī f. ʻ small one ʼ; Si.koṭāra ʻ granary, store ʼ.(CDIAL 3550).
*gōṭṭa ʻ something round ʼ. [Cf. guḍá -- 1 . -- In sense ʻ fruit, kernel ʼ cert. ← Drav., cf. Tam. koṭṭai ʻ nut, kernel ʼ, Kan. goṟaṭe &c. listed DED 1722] K. goṭh f., dat. °ṭi f. ʻ chequer or chess or dice board ʼ; S. g̠oṭu m. ʻ large ball of tobacco ready for hookah ʼ, °ṭī f. ʻ small do. ʼ; P. goṭ f. ʻ spool on which gold or silver wire is wound, piece on a chequer board ʼ; N. goṭo ʻ piece ʼ, goṭi ʻ chess piece ʼ; A. goṭ ʻ a fruit, whole piece ʼ, °ṭā ʻ globular, solid ʼ, guṭi ʻ small ball, seed, kernel ʼ; B. goṭā ʻ seed, bean, whole ʼ; Or. goṭā ʻ whole, undivided ʼ, goṭi ʻ small ball, cocoon ʼ, goṭāli ʻ small round piece of chalk ʼ; Bi. goṭā ʻ seed ʼ; Mth. goṭa ʻ numerative particle ʼ; H. goṭ f. ʻ piece (at chess &c.) ʼ; G. goṭ m. ʻ cloud of smoke ʼ, °ṭɔm. ʻ kernel of coconut, nosegay ʼ, °ṭī f. ʻ lump of silver, clot of blood ʼ, °ṭilɔ m. ʻ hard ball of cloth ʼ; M. goṭā m. ʻ roundish stone ʼ, °ṭī f. ʻ a marble ʼ, goṭuḷā ʻ spherical ʼ; Si. guṭiya ʻ lump, ball ʼ; -- prob. also P. goṭṭā ʻ gold or silver lace ʼ, H. goṭā m. ʻ edging of such ʼ (→ K. goṭa m. ʻ edging of gold braid ʼ, S. goṭo m. ʻ gold or silver lace ʼ); M. goṭ ʻ hem of a garment, metal wristlet ʼ.*gōḍḍ -- ʻ dig ʼ see *khōdd -- .Addenda: *gōṭṭa -- : also Ko. gōṭu ʻ silver or gold braid ʼ.(CDIAL 4271) Rebus: खोट (p. 212) [ khōṭa ] f A mass of metal (unwrought or of old metal melted down); an ingot or wedge.(Marathi)
kōṣṭhāgārika m. ʻ storekeeper ʼ BHSk. [Cf. kōṣṭhā- gārin -- m. ʻ wasp ʼ Suśr.: kōṣṭhāgāra -- ] Pa. koṭṭhāgārika -- m. ʻ storekeeper ʼ; S. koṭhārī m. ʻ one who in a body of faqirs looks after the provision store ʼ; Or. koṭhārī ʻ treasurer ʼ; Bhoj. koṭhārī ʻ storekeeper ʼ, H. kuṭhiyārī m.Addenda:
kōṣṭhāgārika -- : G. koṭhārī m. ʻ storekeeper ʼ.(CDIAL 3551)
The Kirkburn triskele yields the following hieroglyphs and rebus readings:
Hieroglyphs: 1. कोटः kōṭḥ Crookedness. 2. Bi. goṭā ʻ seed Rebus: L. khoṭā ʻ forged ʼ; P. khoṭ 'alloy'
Hieroglyph: koṭhārī f. ʻ crucible' Rebus: koṭhārī ʻ treasurer ʼ
Hieroglyph: kolom 'three' Rebus: kolimi 'smithy, forge'.Hieroglyph: koṭhārī f. ʻ crucible' Thus, the triskele/trefoil reads: kolom khoṭ Rebus: kolimi 'smithy' koṭhārī ʻ treasurer ʼ
The trefoil wearing statuette signifies the message of a treasurer of the smithy: kolimi koṭhārī
S. Kalyanaraman
Sarasvati Research Center
September 20, 2015