Mirror: http://tinyurl.com/o9snkoh

Proto-Prakritam is defined as speech forms of glosses from Indian sprachbund
(language union of ancient phonetic variants of glosses of present-day Indian languages.)

Hypertexts of Indus Script are rendered in rebus-metonymy Meluhha (Proto-Prakritam) cipher using hieroglyph-multiplexes.

The deciphered plain texts in Meluhha (Proto-Prakritam) signify blacksmith, metalwork in a smithy-forge in the following examples from Indus Script Corpora.

Merchant blacksmith boat supercargo -- iron, alloy (oxhide type) metal ingots, large ingots from smithy-forge furnace

m1429 prism tablet. Boat glyph as a Sarasvati hieroglyph on a tablet.Three sided molded tablet. Side c shows a flat bottomed boat with a central hut that has leafy fronds at the top of two poles. Two birds sit on the deck and a large double rudder extends from the rear of the boat. On side b is a snout nosed gharial with a fish in its mouth. The side a has eight glyphs of the Indus script.

The hieroglyphs are: side a: eight sign glyphs including: body, rim of jar, two ingots, rim of jar, fish, three, graft infix ligature in ingot.side b: boat, two trees, two birds; side b: gharial (alligator), fish; Boat: kolam; rebus: kolami 'furnace'

Side a has a two-part text message:

Part 1

Part 2

Part 1

Part 1 (l. to r.): merchant -- large iron ingots

Body (of person): meD 'body' Rebus: meD 'iron' Alternative: komor, kombor 'body' (Munda etyma); rebus: kamar 'smith' (Santali)

Rim of jar: kan.d. kan-ka (karNaka 'rim of jar'); Rebus 1: khaNDa 'metal implements' karNI 'supercargo' karNika 'scribe'; Rebus 2: kand. 'fire-altar, furnace' (Santali); kan- 'copper' (Ta.); Rebus 3: karava 'narrow-necked jar' Rebus 4: kharava 'nidhi, wealth'; karba 'iron' (Tulu) Rebus 5: karavi, karuvu 'embossed work, mould'.

Two ingots: Allograph: d.ha_l = a shield, a buckler; the grand flag of an army directing its march and encampments; the standard or banner of a chieftain; a flag flying on a fort (Gujarati); rebus: d.ha_l.ako = large metal ingot (Gujarati) barea 'two'; rebus: barea 'merchant' (Santali)

Part 2

Part 2 (l. to r.) Smithy, large ayas (metal) ingots supercargo

Rim of jar: kan.d. kan-ka; rebus: kand. 'fire-altar, furnace' (Santali); kan- 'copper' (Ta.) karNI 'supercargo'

Fish: aya 'fish' Rebus: aya 'iron' (Gujarati) ayas 'metal' (Rigveda) Alternative: kolli 'fish'; rebus: kol 'pancaloha, alloy of five metals' (Ta.)

Three (linear strokes): kolmo 'three' Rebus: kolimi 'smithy, forge' Alternative: t.ebra 'three'; ta(m)bra 'copper'

Hieroglyph of rice plant or sprout and as component in hieroglyph-multiplexes: kolom = cutting, graft; to graft, engraft, prune; kolom dare kana = it is a grafted tree; kolom ul = grafted mango; kolom gocena = the cutting has died; kolom kat.hi hor.o = a certain variety of the paddy plant (Santali); kolom (B.); kolom mit = to engraft; kolom porena = the cutting has struck root; kolom kat.hi = a reed pen (Santali.lex.) ku_l.e stump (Ka.) [ku_li = paddy (Pe.)] xo_l = rice-sheaf (Kur.) ko_li = stubble of jo_l.a (Ka.); ko_r.a = sprout (Kui.)ko_le = a stub or stump of corn (Te.)(DEDR 2242). kol.ake, kol.ke, the third crop of rice (Ka.); kolake, kol.ake (Tu.)(DEDR 2154)kolma = a paddy plant; kolma hor.o ‘ a variety of rice plant’ (Santali.lex.) [kural = corn-ear (Ta.)] Rebus: kolami 'smithy, forge'.

Seal impression from Harappa; a person (warrior with two bun hairstyle) is carrying a kolom 'graft' Rebus: kolimi 'smithy, forge' PLUS bhaTa 'warrior' Rebus: bhaTa 'furnace'. Thus smithy-forge (with) furnace.

2949 Dotted circles, three kolom (grafts) 2950 four kolom (grafts) Rojdi [potsherd with two kolom (grafts)]

The history of the maritime people, metal workers -- Bharatam Janam -, has yet to be fully narrated as they transited from neolithic to the metals phase of civilization. The first step could be to unravel the essential unity of the linguistic area of 3300 BCE which is the date of the first inscription found at Harappa, showing kolom 'graft'; kolami 'smithy, forge' attesting to a writing system which became a necessity in the context of the bronze age trade networks.

Inscribed Ravi sherd (1998 find at Harappa: Kenoyer and Meadow); the sherd contains the same sign (ca. 3300 BC).http://www.harappa.com Slide 124

ढाळा [ ḍhāḷā ] m A small leafy branch, sprig. rebus: d.ha_l.ako 'ingot'

ढाळा (p. 356) [ ḍhāḷā ] A plant of gram, sometimes of वाटाणा, or of लांक. ढाळी [ ḍhāḷī ] f A branch or bough.(Marathi) Rebus: ढाळ [ ḍhāḷa Cast, mould, form (as of metal vessels, trinkets &c.) (Marathi) Thus, the infixed hieroglyph 'sprig' may be a semantic determinative of the 'oval' hieroglyph which signifies d.ha_l.ako 'ingot'

The eighth (last glyph) from l. is: kolom = cutting, graft; to graft, engraft, prune; kolom dare kana = it is a grafted tree; kolom ul = grafted mango; kolom gocena = the cutting has died; kolom kat.hi hor.o = a certain variety of the paddy plant (Santali); kolom (B.); kolom mit = to engraft; kolom porena = the cutting has struck root; kolom kat.hi = a reed pen (Santali.lex.) ku_l.e stump (Ka.) [ku_li = paddy (Pe.)] xo_l = rice-sheaf (Kur.) ko_li = stubble of jo_l.a (Ka.); ko_r.a = sprout (Kui.)ko_le = a stub or stump of corn (Te.)(DEDR 2242). kol.ake, kol.ke, the third crop of rice (Ka.); kolake, kol.ake (Tu.)(DEDR 2154)kolma = a paddy plant; kolma hor.o ‘ a variety of rice plant’ (Santali.lex.) [kural = corn-ear (Ta.)] Rebus: kolami 'smithy, forge'.

Side c has two birds, two trees ligatured to a boat, two ox-hide ingots infixed in the central hut on the boat

Two birds (quails), two palm trees, two oxhide ingots:

barea 'two' Rebus: barea 'merchant'

Hieroglyph: boat: kola 'boat'; rebus: kol 'pancaloha, alloy of five metals'; bagalo = an Arabian merchant vessel (G.) bagala = an Arab boat of a particular description (Ka.); bagala_ (M.); bagarige, bagarage = a kind of vessel (Ka.); rebus: ban:gala = a portable stove (Te.) = kumpat.i = an:ga_ra s'akat.i_ = a chafing dish, a portable stove, a goldsmith's portable furnace (Te.) cf. ban:ga_ru, ban:ga_ramu 'gold' (Te.) kola - boat; ko_l 'raft, float' (Ka.); ko_lamu = a boat (Te.); ko_l = a raft, a float Ka.); kola = boat (Skt.); rebus: kolami 'smithy, forge'

bhāṭoi 'quail' (Oriya) Rebus: bat.a = a kind of iron (G.lex.) bhat.a = a furnace, a kiln; it.a bhat.a a brick kiln (Santali)

tamar 'palm' (Hebrew) Rebus: tamba 'copper' (Santali)

Side c gharial + fish

karA 'crocodile' Rebus: khAr 'blacksmith' (Kashmiri)

aya 'fish' Rebus: aya 'iron' (Gujarati) ayas 'metal' (Rigveda)

Hieroglyph which might have been deployed to signify bun ingots:

Hieroglyphs which were deployed in the Indus Script Corpora are presented as follows, based on a rebus-metonymy-layered (Indus Script Cipher) reading of specific examples of inscriptions:

Bun ingots of a Bronze Age shipwreck found off Devon coast. http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/4764

A hoard of copper bun ingots discovered at the late Umm an-ar site of Maysar in northern Oman (Weisgerber 1981: Abb.39). Similar ingots have been found at third millennium sites from Syria to the Indus valley, and many have come from ‘Magan’ (see Weeks 2003, 2007). http://bharatkalyan97.blogspot.in/2014/02/meluhha-metallurgy-and-hieroglyphs_8.html

Tin bun ingot. Late Bronze Age, 10th-9th century B.C.E. Salcombe shipwreck, 300 yards off the South Devon coast, England, 2009.

Stamp seal from Susa , at Louvre Museum. “Susa is one of the oldest known settlements of the world, possibly founded about 4200 BC, although the first traces of an inhabited village have been dated to ca. 7000 BCE. The seal depicts two goat-antelopes head to tail, outside an oval.”

kid (goat) PLUS ingot: karaḍū 'kid (goat)' is a determinative of the orthography of hard alloy ingot: karaḍa d.ha_l.ako = hard metal alloy, large metal ingot (Gujarati)

करडूं or करडें (p. 137) [ karaḍū or ṅkaraḍēṃ ] n A kid. कराडूं (p. 137) [ karāḍūṃ ] n (Commonly करडूं) A kid. Rebus: karaḍa 'hard alloy'

Chanhu-daro Seal with hieroglyhs: oval shape (Dab, 'ingot') PLUS goat: Dab 'cast metal ingot' PLUS milakkhu, 'copper'

Chanhu-daro Seal obverse and reverse. The oval sign of this Jhukar culture seal is comparable to other inscriptions. Fig. 1 and 1a of Plate L. After Mackay, 1943. The hieroglyphs of the seal relate representations of bun ingots to two orthographic representations of ‘antelopes’: one is shown walking, the other is shown with head turned backwards. A flower is shown, perhaps, a representation of tabernae Montana.

Lozenge or oval geometrical design as on Chanhudaro seal might have signified the gloss: Dab.

Ka. mēke she-goat; mē the bleating of sheep or goats. Te. mē̃ka, mēka goat. Kol. me·ke id. Nk. mēke id. Pa. mēva, (S.) mēya she-goat. Ga. (Oll.) mēge, (S.) mēge goat. Go. (M) mekā, (Ko.) mēka id. ? Kur. mēxnā (mīxyas) to call, call after loudly, hail. Malt. méqe to bleat. [Te. mr̤ēka (so correct) is of unknown meaning. Br. mēḻẖ is without etymology; see MBE 1980a.] / Cf. Skt. (lex.) meka- goat.(DEDR 5087) Rebus: milakkhu 'copper' (Pali)

Other hieroglyphs (allographs) which may have signified the gloss dab 'cast lump' (ingot) are:

Spoon: ḍabu ‘an iron spoon’

Spot: P. dhabbā m. ʻ spot ʼ; N. dhabbo ʻ stain, spot ʼ, H. dhabbā m., G. dhābũ n.

Cover: Re<Dab->(B) {V} ``to ^cover''.

The 'cover' hieroglyph is perhaps the superscript used on many hieroglyph 'signs' as ^ superscripted on 'fish' of the Lothal 51 seal (Note: the Lothal seal also signifies a 'fish' infixed with a 'notch'; this 'notch' is relatable to metalware and NOT ingot: ayo 'fish' Rebus: aya 'iron, metal' (Gujarati. Vedic) hence the ligatured fish hieroglyph composite may be read as: aya + Dab 'metal cast ingot'.

aḍaren, ḍaren lid, cover (Santali) Rebus: aduru ‘native metal’ (Ka.) aduru = gan.iyinda tegadu karagade iruva aduru = ore taken from the mine and not subjected to melting in a furnace (Kannada) (Siddhānti Subrahmaṇya’ śāstri’s new interpretation of the Amarakośa, Bangalore, Vicaradarpana Press, 1872, p. 330) http://bharatkalyan97.blogspot.in/2014/10/copper-plates-of-indus-script-and-rebus.html

478B

Another example:

^ Inverted V, m478 (lid above rim of narrow-necked jar)

The rimmed jar next to the tiger with turned head has a lid. Lid ‘ad.aren’; rebus: aduru ‘native metal’. It is possible that the 'lid' superscript on the 'rim-of-jar' hieroglyph signified a type of metal ingot in the karNI 'supercargo' -- in the supercargo of alloys of copper, eraka.

m0478B tablet erga = act of clearing jungle (Kui) [Note image showing two men carrying uprooted trees].Aḍaru twig; aḍiri small and thin branch of a tree; aḍari small branches (Ka.); aḍaru twig (Tu.)(DEDR 67). Aḍar = splinter (Santali); rebus: aduru = native metal (Ka.) Vikalpa: kūtī = bunch of twigs (Skt.) Rebus: kuṭhi = furnace (Santali) ḍhaṁkhara — m.n. ʻbranch without leaves or fruitʼ (Prakrit) (CDIAL 5524) Rebus: dhangar 'blacksmith' (Maithili) •era, er-a = eraka = ?nave; erako_lu = the iron axle of a carriage (Ka.M.); cf. irasu (Ka.lex.) •era_ = claws of an animal that can do no harm (G.) •era female, applied to women only, and generally as a mark of respect, wife; hopon era a daughter; era hopon a man’s family; manjhi era the village chief’s wife; gosae era a female Santal deity; bud.hi era an old woman; era uru wife and children; nabi era a prophetess; diku era a Hindu woman (Santali) •Rebus: er-r-a = red; eraka = copper (Ka.) erka = ekke (Tbh. of arka) aka (Tbh. of arka) copper (metal); crystal (Ka.lex.) erako molten cast (Tu.lex.) agasa_le, agasa_li, agasa_lava_d.u = a goldsmith (Te.lex.) Hieroglyph: Looking back: krammara 'look back' (Telugu) kamar 'smith, artisan' (Santali) erka = ekke (Tbh. of arka) aka (Tbh. of arka) copper (metal); crystal (Ka.lex.) cf. eruvai = copper (Ta.lex.) eraka, er-aka = any metal infusion (Ka.Tu.)

Text 5265

Harappa. Prism tablet. H94-2177/4999-01: Molded faience tablet, Period 3B/3C. Rebus reading:

Two 'ingot' hieroglyphs: dul ḍ̠aḇ 'cast ingot'

'Backbone' hieroglyph:karaṁḍa ʻbackboneʼ Rebus: karaḍa 'hard alloy'

'crocodile' hieroglyph: kāru 'crocodile' (Telugu) Rebus: kāruvu 'artisan' (Telugu) khār 'blacksmith' (Kashmiri)

'two' hieroglyph + 'rimless pot' hieroglyph: dula 'two' Rebus: dul 'cast metal' + baTa 'rimless pot' Rebus: baTa 'furnace'. Thus metal-casting furnace.

Hard alloy, bronze supercargo: karaḍā kamsa karNI

The text of the inscription on this prism tablet of Harappa includes the most frequently occurring three-sign sequence in the entire Indus Script Corpora is shown on a Harappa tablet reproduced below:

Rebus reading of the most frequently occurring three-sign sequence in the entire Indus Script Corpora:

Hieroglyph: karaṁḍa ʻbackboneʼ Rebus: karaḍa 'hard alloy' PLUS

kanka, karṇaka ‘rim of jar’ Rebus: karṇaka ‘accountscribe’.

kārṇī m. ʻsuper cargo of a ship ʼ(Marathi)
Hieroglyph: G. kã̄gsī f. ʻcombʼRebus: kamsa 'bronze, bell-metal'.

Alternative: khareḍo = a currycomb (Gujarati) खरारा [ kharārā ] m ( H) A currycomb. 2 Currying a horse. (Marathi) Rebus: 1. करडा [karaḍā] Hard from alloy--iron, silver &c. (Marathi) 2. kharādī ‘ turner’ (Gujarati)

A pair from this three-sign sequence also occurs on a Kalibangan potsherd which was used by BB Lal to indicate that the direction of writing of 'signs' was generally from right to left sequence:

Rebus reading of incised Kalibangan potsherd: ayo 'fish' Rebus: aya 'iron, metal' PLUS karaṁḍa ʻbackboneʼ Rebus: karaḍa 'hard alloy' PLUS kanka, karṇaka ‘rim of jar’ Rebus: karṇaka ‘accountscribe’.

kārṇī m. ʻsuper cargo of a ship ʼ(Marathi)

Incised potsherd from Kalibangan. The overriding of the signs shows that the direction of writing was from right to left.

B. B. Lal The Indus Script: Some Observations Based on Archaeology, The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, No. 2 (1975), pp. 173-177 Published by: Cambridge University Press. URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/25203657 The article provides archaeologically provenanced inscribed samples of writing and clay tablets with a seal impressions. http://www.docstoc.com/docs/103144662/bblalindusscript19752-10

Ingots PLUS metal implements

Copper tablet (H2000-4498/9889-01) with raised script found in Trench 43 Source:http://www.harappa.com/indus4/351.html

“For example, the characteristic square steatite seals with animal motifs and short inscriptions begins in late Period 2 as noted above, is found in 3A and continues into Period 3C, but the carving style for both the animal motifs, and the inscriptions shows stylistic changes. The greatest variation and widespread use of such seals appears to be during Period 3B. Small rectangular inscribed tablets made from steatite begin to appear at the beginning of Period 3B and by the end of 3B there is a wide variety of tiny tablets in many different shapes and materials. They were made of fired steatite or of molded terracotta or faience. Some of the steatite tablets were decorated with red pigment and the faience tablets were covered with a thick blue-green glaze. These various forms of inscribed tablets continued on into Period 3C where we also find evidence for copper tablets all bearing the same raised inscription.”http://www.harappa.com/indus4/print.html Kenoyer and Meadow date the Period 3 between c.600 BCE – 1900 BCE.(Period 3A c.2600BCE -2450BCE; Period 3B c.2450BCE – c. 2200BCEl Period 3C c. 2200BCE -1900BCE) This particular inscription on the tablet is one of the most frequently occurring texts in Indus Script corpora, in particular the hieroglyphs of ‘back-hone + rim-of-jar’

A pair of ingots with notches in-fixed as ligatures.

Hieroglyph component: खांडा [ khāṇḍā ] m A jag, notch, or indentation (as upon the edge of a tool or weapon) Rebus: khaṇḍa 'metal implements'.

ḍhālako ‘large ingot’. खोट [khōṭa] ‘ingot, wedge’; A mass of metal (unwrought or of old metal melted down)(Marathi) khoṭ f ʻalloy (Lahnda) Thus the pair of ligatured oval glyphs read: khoṭ ḍhālako ‘alloy ingots’ PLUS dula 'pair' Rebus: dul 'cast metal' PLUS khaṇḍa 'metal implements'.

Santali glosses.

Thus, I suggest that the pair of 'oval' hieroglyphs with infixed 'notch' signifies: ingots PLUS metal implements.

meRed bica ‘iron stone ore’, lo ‘copper ore’

V326 (Orthographic variants of Sign 326)

V327 (Orthographic variants of Sign 327)

Sign 51 Variants. It is seen from all these variants, that the semantic focus signified by the orthography is on the 'scorpion's pointed stinger'

These are two glyphs of the script with unique superscripted ligatures; this pair of ligatures does not occur on any other ligatured glyph in the entire corpus of Indus script inscriptions. Orthographically, Sign 51 glyph is a ‘scorpion’; Sign 327 glyph is a ‘ficus glomerata leaf’. The glosses for the ‘sound values’ are, respectively: bica ‘scorpion’ (Santali), lo ‘ficus’ (Santali).

Cylinder seal: lion and sphinx over an antelope The depiction of a bull’s head together with an antelope is significant and recalls the association of bull’s head with oxhide ingots. The antelope looking backwards is flanked by a lion (with three dots at the back of the head) and a winged animal (tiger?)

Face: muh, mũh 'face': face of an ox as shown on a cylinder seal; or human face as ligatured to a composite animal

'Human face' ligatured to a composite animal, 'ram' on m1186 seal. See: http://bharatkalyan97.blogspot.in/2015/04/migrating-channels-of-vedic-river.html

1. sprig, twig: ढाळा [ ḍhāḷā ] m A small leafy branch, sprig.ढाळी [ ḍhāḷī ] f A branch or bough.

http://bharatkalyan97.blogspot.in/2015/05/backbone-of-indus-script-corpora-tin.html

Ta. karu mould, matrix; karukku engraving, carving, embossed work. Ma. karu figure, mould; karukku-paṇi embossed work; karaṭu the original of a copy. Ka. karu embossed work, bas-relief;karuv-iḍu to put bosses or raised figures, mould, model. Tu. karu, garu, karavi a mould. Te. karugu, karuvu id. Kuwi (S.) garra form, mint; ḍālu- gara womb (for ḍālu, see 1123).(DEDR 1280) खडू (p. 193) [ khaḍū ] f A kind of pipeclay. 2 A composition (of pulverized millstone &c. with water) to rub over writing-boards. 3 f The protuberant portion of a piece of wood or stone, as left after the shaving or chipping away of the parts adjoining (as of a yoke, of the pannels of a door, the embossments, relief, or rising-work of a statue). G. korvũ ʻ to scoop, carve, bore a hole ʼ; M. korṇẽ ʻ to scoop, engrave, cut gradually off ʼ; N. kornu ʻ to scratch, tear, comb ʼ; A. koriba ʻ to hoe ʼ, korokiba ʻ to scoop out ʼ. <-> With expressive redup. H. kakornā ʻ to scrape ʼ.S.kcch. korṇū ʻ to bore (a hole) ʼ; WPah.kṭg. kornõ ʻ to bore, drill ʼ, kurnõ ʻ to be bored ʼ.(CDIAL 3530)

Konḍa (BB) gṛālu calf. Kui (K.) grāḍu, (W.) ḍrāḍu (pl. ḍrāṭka) id.; (W.) gāṛo a bullock or buffalo not trained to the plough; kṛai young female buffalo or goat. Kuwi (Su.) ḍālu, (F. S.) dālu calf (DEDR 1123). गोरा (p. 245) [ gōrā ] m (Better गोऱ्हा) A male calf.गोऱ्हा (p. 245) [ gōṛhā ] m A bull-calf. गोहरा or गोहोरा (p. 249) [ gōharā or gōhōrā ] m A male calf. Pr. गोहऱ्या- च्यानें शेतें पोराच्यानें संसार होतें मग काय?(Marathi)

ढाळ [ ḍhāḷa ] Cast, mould, form (as of metal vessels, trinkets &c.) (Marathi)

ḍhālako ‘large ingot’.

The specification that the ingots were made of alloyed hard metal was signified by hieroglyphs which were shaped like a skeleton-backbone:

Rebus-metonymy layered readings of these hieroglyphs are:

Hieroglyph: dōkkū skeleton (Kuwi) ḍogor peṛeka backbone (Go.)

Hieroglyph: karaṁḍa -- m.n. ʻ bone shaped like a bamboo ʼ, karaṁḍuya -- n. ʻ backbone ʼ (Prakrit) Rebus: करडा [karaḍā] Hard from alloy--iron, silver &c. (Marathi)

S. karaṛa -- ḍhī˜gu m. ʻ a very large aquatic bird ʼ; L. karṛā m., °ṛī f. ʻ the common teal

A Hamsa sacred goose reliquary,stupa 32 of the Gangu group, Babar Khana, Taxila, Gandhara, 1st century CE. This Hamsa was found inside a granite bowl, with an inscribed gold sheet stating "Shira deposited the relics of her departed parents in the Hamsa". It has a cavity in the middle for the insertion of the relics. British Museum.

bar-headed goose (Anser indicus)

M. karḍī, °ḍaī f. ʻ safflower, Carthamus tinctorius and its seed ʼ (CDIAL 2788).

खरडा [ kharaḍā ] A leopard. खरड्या [ kharaḍyā ] m or खरड्यावाघ m A leopard (Marathi).

Pk. karaṁḍa -- m.n. ʻ bone shaped like a bamboo ʼ, karaṁḍuya -- n. ʻ backbone ʼ

dōkkū skeleton (Kuwi) ḍogor peṛeka backbone (Go.) Rebus: ḍhũgo ʻ stoneʼ (Ku.)

ḍõgā 'deep boat' (P.) đồng 'copper' (Vietnam)

Backbone, rib cage

Hieroglyph: large ingot with infixed three numeral: DhALako 'large ingot' PLUS kolmo 'three' Rebus: kolimi 'smithy, forge'. Thus, ingot from smithy.

Text 4589 points to the possibility that two distinct glosses are associated with two distinct hieroglyphs

. Orthographically, Sign 47 may signify a 'skeleton' while Sign 48 may signify a 'backbone' or rib cage.

There are two glosses signified by the first two hieroglyphs of the text: back and backbone:
Sign 47, 48.

Hieroglyph: karaṁḍaʻbackboneʼ Rebus: karaḍa'hard alloy'

Hieroglyph: back: L.kaṇḍ f.,kaṇḍā m. ʻ backbone ʼ, awāṇ. kaṇḍ, °ḍī ʻ back ʼ; P. kaṇḍ f. ʻ back, pubes ʼ; WPah. bhal. kaṇṭ f. ʻ syphilis ʼ; N. kaṇḍo ʻ buttock, rump, anus ʼ, kaṇḍeulo ʻ small of the back ʼ; B. kã̄ṭ ʻ clitoris ʼ; Or. kaṇṭi ʻ handle of a plough ʼ; H. kã̄ṭā m. ʻ spine ʼ, G. kã̄ṭɔ m., M. kã̄ṭā m.; Si. äṭa -- kaṭuva ʻ bone ʼ, piṭa -- k° ʻ backbone ʼ. 2. Pk. kaṁḍa -- m. ʻ backbone ʼ.3. Pk. karaṁḍa -- m.n. ʻ bone shaped like a bamboo ʼ, karaṁḍuya -- n. ʻ backbone ʼ.kaṇṭa3 ʻ backbone, podex, penis ʼ. 2. *kaṇḍa -- . 3. *karaṇḍa -- 4. (Cf. *kāṭa -- 2, *ḍākka -- 2: poss. same as káṇṭa -- 1]1. Pa. piṭṭhi -- kaṇṭaka -- m. ʻ bone of the spine ʼ; Gy. eur. kanro m. ʻ penis ʼ (or < káṇṭaka -- ); Tir. mar -- kaṇḍḗ ʻ back (of the body) ʼ; S. kaṇḍo m. ʻ back ʼ,(CDIAL 2670) Rebus: khaNDa 'metal implements'.

Hieroglyph: pair of rectangles with divisions: khaNDa 'divisions' Rebus: khaNDa 'metal implements'.

The hieroglyph-multiplex (Sign 124 Parpola conconcordance), thus orthographically signifies two ficus leaves ligatured to the top edge of a wide rimless pot and a pincers/tongs hieroglyph is inscripted. In this hieroglyph-multiplex three hieroglyph components are signified: 1. rimless pot, 2. two ficus leaves, 3. pincers. baTa 'rimless pot' Rebus: bhaTa 'furnace'; loa 'ficus' Rebus: loha 'copper, iron'; kAru 'pincers' Rebus: khAra 'blacksmith'

Copper tablets from Mohenjo-daro providing a 'pictorial translation' of the Indus sign 'crab inside fig tree' (After Parpola 1994: 234, fig. 13.13). These could be viewed as 'pincers' PLUS ficus hieroglyph-multiplex:

Variants of 'crab' hieroglyph (After Parpola 1994: 232, cf. 71-72) Alternative: kamaDha 'crab' Rebus: Ta. kampaṭṭam coinage, coin. Ma. kammaṭṭam, kammiṭṭam coinage, mint. Ka. kammaṭa id.; kammaṭi a coiner. (DEDR 1236)

The following examples from copper plate inscriptions (Note: there are 240 copper plates with inscriptions from Mohenjo-daro):

B19 copper plate epigraph: hunter-blacksmith: कौटिलिकः kauṭilikḥकौटिलिकः 1 A hunter.-2 A blacksmith. कौटिलिक [p= 315,2] m.
(fr. कुटिलिका Pa1n2. 4-4 , 18) " deceiving the hunter [or the deer Sch.] by particular movements " , a deer [" a hunter " Sch.] Ka1s3. f. ( Pa1n2. 4-4 , 18) कुटिलिका crouching , coming stealthily (like a hunter on his prey ; a particular movement on the stage) Vikr. कुटिलिक " using the tool called कुटिलिका " , a blacksmith ib. कुटिलक [p= 288,2] f. a tool used by a blacksmith Pa1n2. 4-4 , 18 Ka1s3.mfn. bent , curved , crisped Pan5cat.

C6 copper plate epigraph: ficus PLUS pincers: metalsmith: लोह--कार [p= 908,3] m. a worker in iron , smith , blacksmith R. Hit. Hieroglyph component: loa 'ficus glomerata' Rebus: loha 'copper, iron' Hieroglyph component: kāru pincers, tongs. Rebus: khār खार् । लोहकारः 'blacksmith' (Kashmiri)

Modern impression of Harappa Seal h-598
Modern impression of seal L-11 Lothal

The inscription on the seal starts with 'scorpion' hieroglyph on modern impression of seal M-414 from Mohenjo-daro. After CISI 1:100. This sign is followed by a hieroglyph multiplex signifyinjg: rimledss pot PLUS ficus leaves PLUS infixed crab hieroglyphs. The terminal sign is 'fish' hieroglyph.

Mahadevan concordance Signs 367, 371

Sign 123 Parpola

Many variants of Sign 123 (Parpola concordance) are identified signifying, according to Parpola [quote] a three-branched 'fig-tree' and of its ligature with the 'crab' sign, where the middlemost branch has been omitted to accommodate the inserted 'crab' sign. (After Parpola, Asko, 1994, Deciphering the Indus Script, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press: 235). An alternative deciphement of orthography of the hieroglyph-multiplex as a rimless pot PLUS three strands of rope.

The variants shown under these sets of Mahadevan and Parpola concordances may be identified with the following hieroglyph components:

rimless pot: baTa 'rimless pot' Rebus: bhaTa 'furnace'
tri-dhAtu, three minerals: tridhAtu 'three strands of rope' Rebus: dhatu 'mineral ore' (three ores)
oval ingot: DhALako 'large ingot'
kolmo 'three' Rebus: kolimi 'smithy, forge'.

Thus, the hieroglyph-multiplexes signify:

1. large 3-mineral alloy ingots from smithy/forge-furnace

2. large mineral ingots from smithy/forge-furnace

Annex A: loa'ficus glomerata' Rebus: loha'copper,

iron'

Parpola also presents a figure of a pot with ficus leaves hieroglyph. A painted goblet with the 'three-branched fig tree' motif from Nausharo I D, transitional phase between the Early and Mature Harappan periods (c. 2600-2550 BCE) (After Samzun 1992: 250, fig.29.4 no.2)

vaṭa1 m. ʻ the banyan Ficus indica ʼ MBh. Pa. vaṭa -- m. ʻ banyan ʼ, Pk. vaḍa -- , °aga -- m., K. war in war -- kulu m., S. baṛu m. (← E); P. vaṛ, baṛ m.,
vohṛ, bohṛ f. ʻ banyan ʼ, vaṛoṭā, ba° m. ʻ young banyan ʼ (+?); N. A. bar ʻ banyan ʼ, B. baṛ, Bi. bar (→ Or. bara), H. baṛ m. (→ Bhoj. Mth. baṛ), G. vaṛ m., M. vaḍ m., Ko. vaḍu. *vaṭapadra -- , *vaṭapātikā -- .Addenda: vaṭa -- 1: Garh. baṛ ʻ fig tree ʼ. 11215 *vaṭapātikā ʻ falling from banyan ʼ. [vaṭa -- 1, pāta -- ] G. vaṛvāī f. ʻ hanging root of banyan tree ʼ. (CDIAL 11211)

Allograph: vaṭa 'string': vaṭa2 ʻ string ʼ lex. [Prob. ← Drav. Tam. vaṭam, Kan. vaṭi, vaṭara, &c. DED 4268] N. bariyo ʻ cord, rope ʼ; Bi. barah ʻ rope working irrigation lever ʼ, barhā ʻ thick well -- rope ʼ, Mth. barahā ʻ rope ʼ.vaṭāraka -- , varāṭaka -- m. ʻ string ʼ MBh. [vaṭa -- 2]Pa. sa -- vaṭākara -- ʻ having a cable ʼ; Bi. baral -- rassī ʻ twisted string ʼ; H. barrā m. ʻ rope ʼ, barārā m. ʻ thong ʼ. (CDIAL 11212, 11217)

lo 'nine', loa 'ficus religiosa' Rebus: loh 'copper'; kunda 'young bull' Rebus: kundār, kũdār 'turner'; firs hieroglph from r. on the text: eraka 'nave of wheel' Rebus: eraka 'moltencast'; arA 'spoke' Rebus: Ara 'brass'; kanac 'corner' Rebus: kancu 'bronze'.

lo = nine (Santali) [Note the count of nine fig leaves on m0296]

loa = a species of fig tree, ficus glomerata, the fruit of ficus glomerata (Santali.lex.)

loha lut.i = iron utensils and implements (Santali.lex.)

lauha = made of copper or iron (Gr.S’r.); metal, iron (Skt.); lo_haka_ra = coppersmith, ironsmith (Pali); lo_ha_ra = blacksmith (Pt.); lohal.a (Or.); lo_ha = metal, esp. copper or bronze (Pali); copper (VS.); loho, lo_ = metal, ore, iron (Si.)

Ficus glomerata: loa, kamat.ha = ficus glomerata (Santali); rebus: loha = iron, metal (Skt.) kamat.amu, kammat.amu = portable furnace for melting precious metals (Te.) kammat.i_d.u = a goldsmith, a silversmith (Te.) kampat.t.tam coinage coin (Ta.);kammat.t.am kammit.t.am coinage, mint (Ma.); kammat.a id.; kammat.i a coiner (Ka.)(DEDR 1236)

Sumerian cylinder seal showing flanking goats with hooves on tree and/or mountain. Uruk period. (After Joyce Burstein in: Katherine Anne Harper, Robert L. Brown, 2002, The roots of tantra, SUNY Press, p.100)Hence, two goats + mountain glyph reads rebus: meḍ kundār 'iron turner'. Leaf on mountain: kamaṛkom 'petiole of leaf'; rebus: kampaṭṭam 'mint'. loa = a species of fig tree, ficus glomerata, the fruit of ficus glomerata (Santali) Rebus: lo ‘iron’ (Assamese, Bengali); loa ‘iron’ (Gypsy). The glyphic composition is read rebus: meḍ loa kundār 'iron turner mint'. kundavum = manger, a hayrick (G.) Rebus: kundār turner (A.); kũdār, kũdāri (B.); kundāru (Or.); kundau to turn on a lathe, to carve, to chase; kundau dhiri = a hewn stone; kundau murhut = a graven image (Santali) kunda a turner's lathe (Skt.)(CDIAL 3295) This rebus reading may explain the hayrick glyph shown on the sodagor 'merchant, trader' seal surrounded by four animals.Two antelopes are put next to the hayrick on the platform of the seal on which the horned person is seated. mlekh 'goat' (Br.); rebus: milakku 'copper' (Pali); mleccha 'copper' (Skt.) Thus, the composition of glyphs on the platform: pair of antelopes + pair of hayricks read rebus: milakku kundār 'copper turner'. Thus the seal is a framework of glyphic compositions to describe the repertoire of a brazier-mint, 'one who works in brass or makes brass articles' and 'a mint'.

Etyma from Indo-Aryan languages: lōhá 'copper, iron'

11158 lōhá ʻ red, copper -- coloured ʼ ŚrS., ʻ made of copper ʼ ŚBr., m.n. ʻ copper ʼ VS., ʻ iron ʼ MBh. [*rudh -- ] Pa. lōha -- m. ʻ metal, esp. copper or bronze ʼ; Pk. lōha -- m. ʻ iron ʼ, Gy. pal. li°, lihi, obl. elhás, as. loa JGLS new ser. ii 258; Wg. (Lumsden) "loa"ʻ steel ʼ; Kho. loh ʻ copper ʼ; S. lohu m. ʻ iron ʼ, L. lohā m., awāṇ. lōˋā, P. lohā m. (→ K.rām. ḍoḍ. lohā), WPah.bhad. lɔ̃u n., bhal. lòtilde; n., pāḍ. jaun. lōh, paṅ. luhā, cur. cam. lohā, Ku. luwā, N. lohu, °hā, A. lo, B. lo, no, Or. lohā, luhā, Mth. loh, Bhoj. lohā, Aw.lakh. lōh, H. loh, lohā m., G. M. loh n.; Si. loho, lō ʻ metal, ore, iron ʼ; Md. ratu -- lō ʻ copper ʼ. *lōhala -- , *lōhila -- , *lōhiṣṭha -- , lōhī -- , laúha -- ; lōhakāra -- , *lōhaghaṭa -- , *lōhaśālā -- , *lōhahaṭṭika -- , *lōhōpaskara -- ; vartalōha -- .Addenda: lōhá -- : WPah.kṭg. (kc.) lóɔ ʻ iron ʼ, J. lohā m., Garh. loho; Md. lō ʻ metal ʼ.†*lōhaphāla -- or †*lōhahala -- . lōhakāra 11159 lōhakāra m. ʻ iron -- worker ʼ, °rī -- f., °raka -- m. lex., lauhakāra -- m. Hit. [lōhá -- , kāra -- 1] Pa. lōhakāra -- m. ʻ coppersmith, ironsmith ʼ; Pk. lōhāra -- m. ʻ blacksmith ʼ, S. luhā̆ru m., L. lohār m., °rī f., awāṇ. luhār, P. WPah.khaś. bhal. luhār m., Ku. lwār, N. B. lohār, Or. lohaḷa, Bi.Bhoj. Aw.lakh. lohār, H. lohār, luh° m., G. lavār m., M. lohār m.; Si. lōvaru ʻ coppersmith ʼ. Addenda: lōhakāra -- : WPah.kṭg. (kc.) lhwāˋr m. ʻ blacksmith ʼ, lhwàri f. ʻ his wife ʼ, Garh. lwār m.

lōhaghaṭa 11160 *lōhaghaṭa ʻ iron pot ʼ. [lōhá -- , ghaṭa -- 1]
Bi. lohrā, °rī ʻ small iron pan ʼ. 11160a †*lōhaphāla -- ʻ ploughshare ʼ. [lōhá -- , phāˊla -- 1] WPah.kṭg. lhwāˋḷ m. ʻ ploughshare ʼ, J. lohāl m. ʻ an agricultural implement ʼ Him.I 197; -- or < †*lōhahala -- . lōhala 11161 lōhala ʻ made of iron ʼ W. [lōhá -- ] G. lohar, lohariyɔ m. ʻ selfwilled and unyielding man ʼ.

lōhaśālā 11162 *lōhaśālā ʻ smithy ʼ. [lōhá -- , śāˊlā -- ]
Bi. lohsārī ʻ smithy ʼ. lōhahaṭṭika 11163 *lōhahaṭṭika ʻ ironmonger ʼ. [lōhá -- , haṭṭa -- ] P.ludh. lōhṭiyā m. ʻ ironmonger ʼ. 11163a †*lōhahala -- ʻ ploughshare ʼ. [lōhá -- , halá -- ] WPah.kṭg. lhwāˋḷ m. ʻ ploughshare ʼ, J. lohāl ʻ an agricultural instrument ʼ; rather < †*lōhaphāla -- . lōhi 11164 lōhi ʻ *red, blood ʼ (n. ʻ a kind of borax ʼ lex.). [~ rṓhi -- . -- *rudh -- ] Kho. lei ʻ blood ʼ (BelvalkarVol 92 < *lōhika -- ), Kal.rumb. lū˘i, urt. lhɔ̈̄i. lṓhita 11165 lṓhita ʻ red ʼ AV., n. ʻ any red substance ʼ ŚBr., ʻ blood ʼ VS. [< rṓhita -- . -- *rudh -- ] Pa. lōhita -- in cmpds. ʻ red ʼ, n. ʻ blood ʼ, °aka -- ʻ red ʼ; Pk. lōhia -- ʻ red ʼ, n. ʻ blood ʼ; Gy. eur. lolo ʻ red ʼ, arm. nəxul ʻ blood, wound ʼ, pal. lúḥră ʻ red ʼ, inhīˊr ʻ blood ʼ, as. lur ʻ blood ʼ, lohri ʻ red ʼ Miklosich Mund viii 8; Ḍ. lōya ʻ red ʼ; Ash. leu ʻ blood ʼ, Wg. läi, Kt. lūi, Dm. lōi; Tir. ləwī, (Leech) luhī ʻ red ʼ, lọ̈̄i ʻ blood ʼ; Paš. lū f. ʻ blood ʼ, Shum. lúī, Gmb. lūi, Gaw. lō; Bshk. lōu ʻ red ʼ (AO xviii 241 < *lohuta -- ); S. lohū m. ʻ blood ʼ, L. lahū m., awāṇ. làū; P. lohī ʻ red ʼ, lohū, lahū m. ʻ blood ʼ; WPah.jaun. loī ʻ blood ʼ, Ku. loi, lwe, B. lau, Or. lohu, nohu, la(h)u, na(h)u, laa, Mth. lehū, OAw. lohū m., H. lohū, lahū, lehū m., G. lohī n.; OM.lohivā ʻ red ʼ Panse Jñān 536; Si. lehe, lē ʻ blood ʼ, le ʻ red ʼ SigGr ii 460; Md. lē ʻ blood ʼ. -- Sh. lēl m. ʻ blood ʼ, lōlyŭ ʻ red ʼ rather < *lōhila -- . lōhitaka -- . Addenda: lṓhita -- : Kho. lei ʻ blood ʼ BKhoT 70, WPah.kṭg. lóu m., Garh. loi, Md. lei, lē.

lōhitaka 11166 lōhitaka ʻ reddish ʼ Āpast., n. ʻ calx of brass, bell- metal ʼ lex. [lṓhita -- ] K. lŏy f. ʻ white copper, bell -- metal ʼ. lōhittara 11167 *lōhittara ʻ reddish ʼ. [Comp. of *lōhit -- ~ rōhít -- . - *rudh -- ] Woṭ. latúr ʻ red ʼ, Gaw. luturá: very doubtful (see úparakta -- ) lōhila 11168 *lōhila ʻ red ʼ. [lōhá -- ] Wg. lailäi -- štä ʻ red ʼ; Paš.chil. lēle -- šiṓl ʻ fox ʼ; Sv. lohĩló ʻ red ʼ, Phal. lohílu, ləhōilo; Sh.gil. jij. lēl m. ʻ blood ʼ, gil. lōlyŭ, (Lor.)loilo ʻ red, bay (of horse or cow) ʼ, pales. lēlo swã̄ṛə ʻ (red) gold ʼ. -- X nīˊla -- : Sh.gil. līlo ʻ violet ʼ, koh. līlṷ, pales. līˊlo ʻ red ʼ. -- Si. luhul, lūlā ʻ the dark -- coloured river fish Ophiocephalus striatus ʼ? -- Tor. lohūr, laūr, f. lihīr ʻ red ʼ < *lōhuṭa<-> AO xviii 241? lōhiṣṭha 11169 *lōhiṣṭha ʻ very red ʼ. [lōhá -- ] Kal.rumb. lohíṣṭ, urt. liūṣṭ ʻ male of Himalayan pheasant ʼ, Phal. lōwīṣṭ (f. šām s.v. śyāmá -- ); Bshk. lōīˊṭ ʻ id., golden oriole ʼ; Tor.lawēṭ ʻ male golden oriole ʼ, Sh.pales. lēṭh.

lōhī 11170 lōhī f. ʻ any object made of iron ʼ Kāv., ʻ pot ʼ Divyāv., lōhikā -- f. ʻ large shallow wooden bowl bound with iron ʼ,lauhā -- f. ʻ iron pot ʼ lex. [lōhá -- ]
Pk. lōhī -- f. ʻ iron pot ʼ; P. loh f. ʻ large baking iron ʼ; A. luhiyā ʻ iron pan ʼ; Bi. lohiyā ʻ iron or brass shallow pan with handles ʼ; G.lohiyũ n. ʻ frying pan ʼ.

lōhōpaskara 11171 *lōhōpaskara ʻ iron tools ʼ. [lōhá -- , upaskara -- 1]
N. lokhar ʻ bag in which a barber keeps his tools ʼ; H. lokhar m. ʻ iron tools, pots and pans ʼ; -- X lauhabhāṇḍa -- : Ku. lokhaṛ ʻ iron tools ʼ; H. lokhaṇḍ m. ʻ iron tools, pots and pans ʼ; G. lokhãḍ n. ʻ tools, iron, ironware ʼ; M. lokhãḍ n. ʻ iron ʼ (LM 400 < -- khaṇḍa -- ). laúkika -- , laukyá -- see *lōkíya -- . laulāha 11172 laulāha m. ʻ name of a place ʼ Stein RājatTrans ii 487.
K. lōlav ʻ name of a Pargana and valley west of Wular Lake ʼ.

11172a laúha -- ʻ made of copper or iron ʼ Gr̥Śr., ʻ red ʼ MBh., n. ʻ iron, metal ʼ Bhaṭṭ. [lōhá -- ] Pk. lōha -- ʻ made of iron ʼ; L. lohā ʻ iron -- coloured, reddish ʼ; P. lohā ʻ reddish -- brown (of cattle) ʼ. lauhabhāṇḍa -- , *lauhāṅga -- .
lauhakāra -- see lōhakāra -- . Addenda: laúha -- [Dial. au ~ ō (in lōhá -- ) < IE. ou T. Burrow BSOAS xxxviii 74]

lauhabhāṇḍa 11173 lauhabhāṇḍa n. ʻ iron pot, iron mortar ʼ lex. [laúha -- , bhāṇḍa -- 1] Pa. lōhabhaṇḍa -- n. ʻ copper or brass ware ʼ; S. luhã̄ḍ̠iṛī f. ʻ iron pot ʼ, L.awāṇ. luhã̄ḍā; P. luhã̄ḍā, lohṇḍā, ludh. lō̃hḍā m. ʻ frying pan ʼ; N. luhũṛe ʻ iron cooking pot ʼ; A. lohorā ʻ iron pan ʼ; Bi. lohãṛā ʻ iron vessel for drawing water for irrigation ʼ; H. lohaṇḍā, luh° m. ʻ iron pot ʼ; G. loḍhũ n. ʻ iron, razor ʼ, pl. ʻ car<-> penter's tools ʼ, loḍhī f. ʻ iron pan ʼ. -- X *lōhōpaskara<-> q.v.
lauhāṅgika 11174 *lauhāṅgika ʻ iron -- bodied ʼ. [láuha -- , áṅga -- 1]
P. luhã̄gī f. ʻ staff set with iron rings ʼ, H. lohã̄gī f., M. lohã̄gī, lavh°, lohãgī f.; -- Bi. lohãgā, lahaũgā ʻ cobbler's iron pounder ʼ, Mth.lehõgā.

A variant orthography for sãghāṛɔ 'lathe' is displayed on m0296 Mohenjo-daro seal.

m0296 See: https://sites.google.com/site/induswriting/epigraphs?pli=1 Decoding of a very remarkable set of glyphs and a 5-sign epigraph on a seal, m0296, together with a review of few other pictographs used in the writing system of Indus script. This seal virtually defines and prefaces the entire corpus of inscriptions of mleccha (cognate meluhha) artisans of smithy guild, caravan of Sarasvati-Sindhu civilization. The center-piece of the orthography is a stylized representation of a 'lathe' which normally is shown in front of a one-horned young bull on hundreds of seals of Indus Script Corpora. This stylized sãghāṛɔ 'lathe' is a layered rebus-metonymy to denote 'collection of implements': sangāṭh संगाठ् । सामग्री m. (sg. dat. sangāṭas संगाटस्), a collection (of implements, tools, materials, for any object), apparatus, furniture, a collection of the things wanted on a journey, luggage, and so on. This device of a stylized 'lathe' is ligatured with a circular grapheme enclosing 'protuberances' from which emanate a pair of 'chain-links'. These hieroglyphs are also read as rebus-metonymy layers to represent a specific form of lapidary or metalwork: goṭī 'lump of silver' (Gujarati); goṭa m. ʻ edging of gold braid ʼ(Kashmiri). Thus, a collection of hieroglyphs are deployed as rebus-metonymy layered encryptions, to convey a message in Meluhha (mleccha) speech form.

Hieroglyph: gö̃ṭh 1 अर्गलम्, चिन्हितग्रन्थिः f. (sg. dat. gö̃ṭhi गाँ&above;ठि), a bolt, door-chain; a method of tying up a parcel with a special knot marked or sealed so that it cannot be opened by an unauthorized person. Cf. gã̄ṭh and gö̃ṭhü. -- dyunu -- m.inf. to knot, fasten; to bolt, fasten (a door) (K.Pr. 76). *gōṭṭa ʻ something round ʼ. [Cf. guḍá -- 1. -- In sense ʻ fruit, kernel ʼ cert. ← Drav., cf. Tam. koṭṭai ʻ nut, kernel ʼ, Kan. goṟaṭe &c. listed DED 1722] K. goṭh f., dat. °ṭi f. ʻ chequer or chess or dice board ʼ; S. g̠oṭu m. ʻ large ball of tobacco ready for hookah ʼ, °ṭī f. ʻ small do. ʼ; P. goṭ f. ʻ spool on which gold or silver wire is wound, piece on a chequer board ʼ; N. goṭo ʻ piece ʼ, goṭi ʻ chess piece ʼ; A. goṭ ʻ a fruit, whole piece ʼ, °ṭā ʻ globular, solid ʼ, guṭi ʻ small ball, seed, kernel ʼ; B. goṭā ʻ seed, bean, whole ʼ; Or. goṭā ʻ whole, undivided ʼ, goṭi ʻ small ball, cocoon ʼ, goṭāli ʻ small round piece of chalk ʼ; Bi. goṭā ʻ seed ʼ; Mth. goṭa ʻ numerative particle ʼ; H.goṭ f. ʻ piece (at chess &c.) ʼ; G. goṭ m. ʻ cloud of smoke ʼ, °ṭɔ m. ʻ kernel of coconut, nosegay ʼ, °ṭī f. ʻ lump of silver, clot of blood ʼ, °ṭilɔ m. ʻ hard ball of cloth ʼ; M. goṭām. ʻ roundish stone ʼ, °ṭī f. ʻ a marble ʼ, goṭuḷā ʻ spherical ʼ; Si. guṭiya ʻ lump, ball ʼ; -- prob. also P. goṭṭā ʻ gold or silver lace ʼ, H. goṭā m. ʻ edging of such ʼ (→ K. goṭa m. ʻ edging of gold braid ʼ, S. goṭo m. ʻ gold or silver lace ʼ); M. goṭ ʻ hem of a garment, metal wristlet ʼ. Rebus: °ṭī f. ʻ lump of silver*gōḍḍ -- ʻ dig ʼ see *khōdd -- .Ko. gōṭu ʻ silver or gold braid ʼ.(CDIAL 4271).Rebus: goṭī f. ʻ lump of silver (Gujarati).

Hieroglyph: kaḍī a chain; a hook; a link (G.); kaḍum a bracelet, a ring (G.) Rebus: kaḍiyo [Hem. Des. kaḍaio = Skt. sthapati a mason] a bricklayer; a mason; kaḍiyaṇa, kaḍiyeṇa a woman of the bricklayer caste; a wife of a bricklayer (Gujarati)

Why nine leaves? lo = nine (Santali); no = nine (Bengali) [Note the count of nine ‘ficus’ leaves depicted on the epigraph.]

lo, no ‘nine’ phonetic reinforcement of Hieroglyph: loa ‘ficus’ loa = a species of fig tree, ficus glomerata (Santali) Rebus: lo ‘copper’ (Samskritam) loha lut.i = iron utensils and implements (Santali) lauha = made of copper or iron (Gr.S’r.); metal, iron (Skt.); lo_haka_ra = coppersmith, ironsmith (Pali); lo_ha_ra = blacksmith (Pt.); lohal.a (Or.); lo_ha = metal, esp. copper or bronze (Pali); copper (VS.); loho, lo_ = metal, ore, iron (Si.)

Interlocking bodies: ca_li (IL 3872); rebus: s’a_lika (IL) village of artisans. [cf. sala_yisu = joining of metal (Ka.)]

kamaḍha = ficus religiosa (Skt.); kamar.kom ‘ficus’ (Santali) rebus: kamaṭa = portable furnace for melting precious metals (Te.); kampaṭṭam = mint (Ta.) Vikalpa: Fig leaf ‘loa’; rebus: loh ‘(copper) metal’. loha-kāra ‘metalsmith’ (Sanskrit). loa ’fig leaf; Rebus: loh ‘(copper) metal’ The unique ligatures on the 'leaf' hieroglyph may be explained as a professional designation: loha-kāra 'metalsmith'; kāruvu [Skt.] n. 'An artist, artificer. An agent'.(Telugu).

http://bharatkalyan97.blogspot.in/2014/10/indus-script-inscriptions-examples-of.html

http://bharatkalyan97.blogspot.in/2014/01/some-select-meluhha-hieroglyphs.html

http://bharatkalyan97.blogspot.com.es/2013/12/meluhha-hieroglyphs-of-assur-assur.html

http://bharatkalyan97.blogspot.in/2015/01/multiplex-as-metaphor-ligatures-on.html

sãghāṛɔ 'lathe' is a signifier and the signified is: सं-घात sãghāta 'caravan consignment' [an assemblage, aggregate of metalwork objects (of the turner in workshop): metals, alloys]. sangāṭh संगाठ् । सामग्री m. (sg. dat. sangāṭas संगाटस्), a collection (of implements, tools, materials, for any object), apparatus, furniture, a collection of the things wanted on a journey, luggage, and so on. -- karun -- करुन् । सामग्रीसंग्रहः m.inf. to collect the ab. (L.V. 17).(Kashmiri).

http://bharatkalyan97.blogspot.in/2015/03/emphatic-evidence-for-indus-script.html

http://bharatkalyan97.blogspot.in/2015/02/vajra-sanghata-binding-together.html

Hieroglyph: one-horned young bull: खोंड (p. 216) [ khōṇḍa ] m A young bull, a bullcalf. Rebus: कोंद kōnda ‘engraver, lapidary setting or infixing gems’ (Marathi)

kot.iyum = a wooden circle put round the neck of an animal; kot. = neck (G.lex.) [cf. the orthography of rings on the neck of one-horned young bull]. ko_d.iya, ko_d.e = young bull; ko_d.elu = plump young bull; ko_d.e = a. male as in: ko_d.e du_d.a = bull calf; young, youthful (Te.lex.)

Glyph: ko_t.u = horns (Ta.) ko_r (obl. ko_t-, pl. ko_hk) horn of cattle or wild animals (Go.); ko_r (pl. ko_hk), ko_r.u (pl. ko_hku) horn (Go.); kogoo a horn (Go.); ko_ju (pl. ko_ska) horn, antler (Kui)(DEDR 2200). Homonyms: kohk (Go.), gopka_ = branches (Kui), kob = branch (Ko.) gorka, gohka spear (Go.) gorka (Go)(DEDR 2126).

kod. = place where artisans work (Gujarati) kod. = a cow-pen; a cattlepen; a byre (G.lex.) gor.a = a cow-shed; a cattleshed; gor.a orak = byre (Santali.lex.) got.ho [Skt. kos.t.ha the inner part] a warehouse; an earthen

Rebus: kõdā‘to turn in a lathe’(B.) कोंद kōnda ‘engraver, lapidary setting or infixing gems’ (Marathi) koḍ ‘artisan’s workshop’ (Kuwi) koḍ = place where artisans work (G.) ācāri koṭṭya ‘smithy’ (Tu.) कोंडण [kōṇḍaṇa] f A fold or pen. (Marathi) B. kõdā ‘to turn in a lathe’; Or.kū̆nda ‘lathe’, kũdibā, kū̃d ‘to turn’ (→ Drav. Kur. Kū̃d ’ lathe’) (CDIAL 3295) A. kundār, B. kũdār, ri, Or.Kundāru; H. kũderā m. ‘one who works a lathe, one who scrapes’, rī f., kũdernā ‘to scrape, plane, round on a lathe’; kundakara—m. ‘turner’ (Skt.)(CDIAL 3297). कोंदण [ kōndaṇa ] n (कोंदणें) Setting or infixing of gems.(Marathi) খোদকার [ khōdakāra ] n an engraver; a carver. খোদকারি n. engraving; carving; interference in other’s work. খোদাই [ khōdāi ] n engraving; carving. খোদাই করা v. to engrave; to carve. খোদানো v. & n. en graving; carving. খোদিত [ khōdita ] a engraved. (Bengali) खोदकाम [ khōdakāma ] n Sculpture; carved work or work for the carver. खोदगिरी [ khōdagirī ] f Sculpture, carving, engraving: also sculptured or carved work. खोदणावळ [ khōdaṇāvaḷa ] f (खोदणें) The price or cost of sculpture or carving. खोदणी [ khōdaṇī ] f (Verbal of खोदणें) Digging, engraving &c. 2 fig. An exacting of money by importunity. V लाव, मांड. 3 An instrument to scoop out and cut flowers and figures from paper. 4 A goldsmith’s die. खोदणें [ khōdaṇēṃ ] v c & i ( H) To dig. 2 To engrave. खोद खोदून विचारणें or –पुसणें To question minutely and searchingly, to probe. खोदाई [ khōdāī ] f (H.) Price or cost of digging or of sculpture or carving. खोदींव [ khōdīṃva ] p of खोदणें Dug. 2 Engraved, carved, sculptured. (Marathi)

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Comparative glosses of Indian sprachbund

kolime, kolume, kulame, kulime, kulume, kulme fire-pit, furnace (Ka.); kolimi furnace (Te.); pit (Te.); kolame a very deep pit (Tu.); kulume kanda_ya a tax on blacksmiths (Ka.); kol, kolla a furnace (Ta.) kole.l smithy, temple in Kota village (Ko.); kwala.l Kota smithy (To.); konimi blacksmith; kola id. (Ka.); kolle blacksmith (Kod.); kollusa_na_ to mend implements; kolsta_na, kulsa_na_ to forge; ko_lsta_na_ to repair (of plough-shares); kolmi smithy (Go.); kolhali to forge (Go.)(DEDR 2133).] kolimi-titti = bellows used for a furnace (Te.lex.) kollu- to neutralize metallic properties by oxidation (Ta.) kol = brass or iron bar nailed across a door or gate; kollu-t-tat.i-y-a_n.i large nail for studding doors or gates to add to their strength (Ta.lex.) kollan--kamma_lai < + karmas'a_la_, kollan--pat.t.arai, kollan-ulai-k-ku_t.am blacksmith's workshop, smithy (Ta.lex.) cf. ulai smith's forge or furnace (Na_lat.i, 298); ulai-k-kal.am smith's forge; ulai-k-kur-at.u smith's tongs; ulai-t-turutti smith's bellows; ulai-y-a_n.i-k-ko_l smith's poker, beak-iron (Ta.lex.) [kollulaive_r-kan.alla_r: nait.ata. na_t.t.up.); mitiyulaikkollan- mur-iot.ir.r.an-n-a: perumpa_)(Ta.lex.) Temple; smithy: kol-l-ulai blacksmith's forge (kollulaik ku_t.attin-a_l : Kumara. Pira. Ni_tiner-i. 14)(Ta.lex.) cf. kolhua_r sugarcane milkl and boiling house (Bi.); kolha_r oil factory (P.)(CDIAL 3537). kulhu ‘a hindu caste, mostly oilmen’ (Santali) kolsa_r = sugarcane mill and boiling house (Bi.)(CDIAL 3538).

வடம்¹ vaṭam, n. < vaṭa. 1. Cable, large rope, as for drawing a temple-car; கனமான கயிறு. வடமற்றது (நன். 219, மயிலை.). 2. Cord; தாம்பு. (சூடா.) 3. A loop of coir rope, used for climbing palm-trees; மரமேறவுதவுங் கயிறு. Loc. 4. Bowstring; வில்லின் நாணி. (பிங்.) 5. String of jewels; மணிவடம். வடங்கள் அசையும்படி உடுத்து (திருமுரு. 204, உரை). (சூடா.) 6. Strands of a garland; chains of a necklace; சரம். இடை மங்கை கொங்கை வடமலைய (அஷ்டப். திருவேங்கடத் தந். 39). 7. Arrangement; ஒழுங்கு. தொடங்கற் காலை வடம்பட விளங்கும் (ஞானா. 14, 41). 8. Banyan; ஆலமரம். (சூடா.) வடநிழற்கண்ணூடிருந்த குருவே (தாயு. கருணா. 41).
வடம்² vaṭam வடாரகம் vaṭārakam , n. < vaṭāraka. String, rope;

S بړ baṟṟ, s.m. (2nd) The name of a tree (Ficus Bengalensis or Indica). Pl. بړونه baṟṟ-ūnah. (Pashto)
vaṭa 11211 vaṭa1 m. ʻ the banyan Ficus indica ʼ MBh.
Pa. vaṭa -- m. ʻ banyan ʼ, Pk. vaḍa -- , °aga -- m., K. war in war -- kulu m., S. baṛu m. (← E); P. vaṛ, baṛ m., vohṛ, bohṛ f. ʻ banyan ʼ, vaṛoṭā, ba° m. ʻ young banyan ʼ (+?); N. A. bar ʻ banyan ʼ, B. baṛ, Bi. bar (→ Or. bara), H. baṛ m. (→ Bhoj. Mth. baṛ), G. vaṛ m., M. vaḍ m., Ko. vaḍu.
*vaṭapadra -- , *vaṭapātikā -- .
Addenda: vaṭa -- 1: Garh. baṛ ʻ fig tree ʼ.

11346 varta1 m. ʻ *turning round ʼ, ʻ livelihood ʼ lex. [√vr̥t]
S. vaṭu m. ʻ twist ʼ; H. baṭṭā m. ʻ exchange ʼ; -- Si. vaṭa ʻ subsistence, livelihood ʼ or < vr̥ttá -- .

11483 *vāṇa2 ʻ a sort of rush, twisted grass rope ʼ. [Same as vāṇá -- 1 s.v. bāṇá -- ?]
S. vāṇu m. ʻ cord of the grass Saccharum munga ʼ (whence vāṇaṇu ʻ to string a bed with this ʼ); L. vāṇ m. ʻ twine of mung grass or date -- palm leaves ʼ; P. vāṇ,bāṇ m. ʻ rush for rope -- making, coarse mung twine ʼ; WPah. bhad. bāṇ n. ʻ rush for rope -- making ʼ; B. bāin ʻ string for weaving mats, jute string ʼ, Or. bāṇī; H. bān m. ʻ rope of twisted grass ʼ; G. vāṇ n. ʻ cheap cordage of palm leaves ʼ.

5220 Ta. vaṭam cable, large rope, cord, bowstring, strands of a garland, chains of a necklace; vaṭi rope; vaṭṭi (-pp-, -tt-) to tie. Ma. vaṭam rope, a rope of cowhide (in plough), dancing rope, thick rope for dragging timber. Ka. vaṭa, vaṭara, vaṭi string, rope, tie. Te. vaṭi rope, cord. Go. (Mu.) vaṭiya strong rope made of paddy straw (Voc. 3150). Cf. 3184 Ta. tār̤vaṭam. / Cf. Skt. vaṭa- string, rope, tie; vaṭāraka-, vaṭākara-, varāṭaka- cord, string; Turner, CDIAL, no. 11212.

vaṭa 11212 vaṭa2 ʻ string ʼ lex. [Prob. ← Drav. Tam. vaṭam, Kan. vaṭi, vaṭara, &c. DED 4268]
N. bariyo ʻ cord, rope ʼ; Bi. barah ʻ rope working irrigation lever ʼ, barhā ʻ thick well -- rope ʼ, Mth. barahā ʻ rope ʼ.
vaṭāraka -- , vaṭin -- ; *karṇavaṭikā -- , *yantravaṭa -- .
11217 vaṭāraka -- , varāṭaka -- m. ʻ string ʼ MBh. [vaṭa -- 2]
Pa. sa -- vaṭākara -- ʻ having a cable ʼ; Bi. baral -- rassī ʻ twisted string ʼ; H. barrā m. ʻ rope ʼ, barārā m. ʻ thong ʼ.
11218 vaṭin ʻ stringed ʼ lex. [vaṭa -- 2]
Si. vil, vili ʻ bow ʼ (ES 82)?

3882 Te. baḍḍu a thick or strong creeper or rope, cable. Ga. (S.2) baḍḍu creeper.

tantí 5660 tantí f. ʻ cord, string ʼ RV. [√tan]
Pa. tanti -- f.; Pk. taṁtĭ̄ -- f. ʻ string, leather thong ʼ; K. tö̃th (dat. tö̃ċü) f. ʻ thread ʼ (← Ind.); L. tandī f. ʻ dried gut, strip of buffalo hide, bowstring ʼ, (Shahpur) ʻ string of cotton -- carder's bow ʼ; P. tand, °dī f. ʻ catgut ʼ; WPah. bhal. tanti f. ʻ string of ginning machine ʼ; Ku. tã̄t f. ʻ cord, leather thong ʼ; N. tã̄t, °ti ʻ line, string ʼ, OB. tāntī, B. tāĩt, tã̄t; Or. tanta ʻ catgut ʼ; Mth. tã̄tī ʻ leather thong ʼ; Bi. tã̄t ʻ thin leather thong tied round horse's hocks ʼ; Bhoj. tã̄t ʻ gut ʼ, tã̄ti ʻ string ʼ; H. tã̄t f. ʻ thread, loom ʼ, tant f. ʻ thread, string, wire ʼ, tã̄tī f. ʻ link, series, posterity ʼ; G. tã̄ti f. ʻ thread, catgut ʼ; M. tã̄t f. ʻ thread ʼ; Si. täta ʻ string, cord ʼ.
Addenda: tantí -- : WPah.kṭg. tānd f. (obl. -- i) ʻ thread ʼ; Brj. tã̄t f. ʻ thread, bowstring ʼ.

tántu 5661 tántu m. ʻ thread, warp ʼ RV. [√tan]
Pa. tantu -- m. ʻ thread, cord ʼ, Pk. taṁtu -- m.; Kho. (Lor.) ton ʻ warp ʼ < *tand (whence tandeni ʻ thread between wings of spinning wheel ʼ); S. tandu f. ʻ gold or silver thread ʼ; L. tand (pl. °dũ) f. ʻ yarn, thread being spun, string of the tongue ʼ; P. tand m. ʻ thread ʼ, tanduā, °dūā m. ʻ string of the tongue, frenum of glans penis ʼ; A. tã̄t ʻ warp in the loom, cloth being woven ʼ; B. tã̄t ʻ cord ʼ; M. tã̄tū m. ʻ thread ʼ; Si. tatu, °ta ʻ string of a lute ʼ; -- with -- o, -- ā to retain orig. gender: S. tando m. ʻ cord, twine, strand of rope ʼ; N. tã̄do ʻ bowstring ʼ; H. tã̄tā m. ʻ series, line ʼ; G. tã̄tɔ m. ʻ thread ʼ; -- OG. tāṁtaṇaü m. ʻ thread ʼ < *tāṁtaḍaü, G.tã̄tṇɔ m.
tantuvāya -- .

tantuvāya 5662 tantuvāya m. ʻ weaver ʼ Mn., ʻ spider ʼ Pāṇ.Kāś. [Cf. tantravāya -- . -- tántu -- , vāyá -- 2]
Pk. taṁtuvāya -- m. ʻ weaver ʼ; Bi. tã̄twā ʻ Hindu weaver ʼ.

6773 dhāˊtu n. ʻ substance ʼ RV., m. ʻ element ʼ MBh., ʻ metal, mineral, ore (esp. of a red colour) ʼ Mn., ʻ ashes of the dead ʼ lex., ʻ *strand of rope ʼ (cf. tridhāˊtu -- ʻ threefold ʼ RV., ayugdhātu -- ʻ having an uneven number of strands ʼ KātyŚr.). [√dhā]
Pa. dhātu -- m. ʻ element, ashes of the dead, relic ʼ; KharI. dhatu ʻ relic ʼ; Pk. dhāu -- m. ʻ metal, red chalk ʼ; N. dhāu ʻ ore (esp. of copper) ʼ; Or. ḍhāu ʻ red chalk, red ochre ʼ (whence ḍhāuā ʻ reddish ʼ; M. dhāū, dhāv m.f. ʻ a partic. soft red stone ʼ (whence dhā̆vaḍ m. ʻ a caste of iron -- smelters ʼ, dhāvḍī ʻ composed of or relating to iron ʼ); -- Si. dā ʻ relic ʼ; -- S. dhāī f. ʻ wisp of fibres added from time to time to a rope that is being twisted ʼ, L. dhāī˜ f.

570 Ta. ukkam rope or cord attached to anything, as to a handle (< Te.). Ka. ugga id.; ukkaḍa piece of rope that is tied to the lower end of a well-rope for fastening the vessel, and is of a different texture, generally not so thick. Tu. (BRR) oggi a suspender or cord so attached to a pot that it may be carried about with its mouth untilted. Te. uggamu a suspender or cord so attached to a pot that it may be carried about with its mouth horizontal. Nk. (Ch.) ug(g)ur rope, bowstring;ogur rope. Kur. ugī the top-knots by which the strings which support a carrier's loads are connected with the shoulder-stick. Cf. 708 Ta. uṟi. / Cf. Pkt. (DNM)ukkā- = kūpatulā-.

उल्का [ ulkā ] f S Fire falling from heaven; a meteor or falling star. 2 A fire-brand.

vartana 11354 vartana n. ʻ turning, rolling ʼ Nir., vartanī -- f. ʻ spindle ʼ Lalit. [√vr̥t1]
Pa. vaṭṭana -- n. ʻ turning round ʼ, vaṭṭani -- f. ʻ ring, globe ʼ, vaṭṭanāvali -- f. ʻ line of spindles(?) ʼ; Pk. vaṭṭaṇā<-> f., vattaṇa -- n., °ṇā -- f. ʻ revolving ʼ; Ḍ.b*lc̣*lṇi f. ʻ disc fixed on large spindle ʼ (c̣?); Kho. bartun ʻ wooden disc fixed on spindle ʼ (a?); K. watan f. ʻ small circular piece of leather or wood or metal for fastening chain of bolt ʼ, watüñü f. ʻ do. used as a toy ʼ; S. vaṭiṇo m. ʻ spindle ʼ; L. vaṭnā m. ʻ stick for twisting rope ʼ, P. vaṭṭṇā, vaṭṇū m., °ṇī f., baṭṇā, °ṇū m.,°ṇī f.; Ku. baṭṇī ʻ twisting, twist (of a cord) ʼ; B. bāṭnā ʻ grinding ʼ; Bi. baṭanī ʻ fringemaker's wooden reel ʼ; H. baṭnā m. ʻ stick for twisting rope ʼ; G. vāṭṇɔ, °ṇiɔm. ʻ long round stone used in crushing or beating on a slab, muller ʼ.
vartapānīya 11355 *vartapānīya ʻ stone and water ʼ (used for cleaning after defecation). [*varta -- 3, pānīˊya -- ]
L.awāṇ. vaṭvāṇī ʻ going to stool ʼ.

11356 vartáyati ʻ causes to turn, whirls ʼ RV. [√vr̥t1]
Pa. vaṭṭēti tr. ʻ turns, twists ʼ; Pk. vaṭṭēi, vattaï tr. ʻ turns, rolls into a ball, makes exist, covers ʼ; Dm. baṭyāy -- ʻ to wrap ʼ; Paš.lauṛ. waṭṭ -- tr. ʻ to pass or spend (time) ʼ; K. waṭun ʻ to fold up, roll up, close up, collect ʼ; S. vaṭaṇu, srk. °ṭiṇu ʻ to twist, plait, wring ʼ; L. vaṭṭaṇ, (Ju.) vaṭaṇ ʻ to twist ʼ, awāṇ. vaṭṭuṇ ʻ to coil ʼ; P.vaṭṭṇā ʻ to twist ʼ; WPah.bhad. baṭṭnū ʻ to twist (rope or thread) ʼ, bhal. baṭṭnū ʻ to fold, roll up (cloth) ʼ, (Joshi) bāṭṇu ʻ to knead ʼ; Ku. bāṭṇo ʻ to twine, wreathe, fashion ʼ; N. bāṭnu ʻ to twist, plait, weave ʼ; A. bāṭiba ʻ to twist, grind ʼ; B. bāṭā, bã̄ṭā ʻ to pound, crush ʼ; Or. bāṭibā ʻ to pound ʼ; Bi. baṭnāi ʻ act of rope -- twisting ʼ; H. bāṭnā ʻ to twist, twine ʼ; G. vāṭvũ ʻ to pound by rolling ʼ; M. vāṭṇẽ ʻ to grind finely by rolling with a muller ʼ, vaṭṇẽ ʻ to scutch cotton (by rolling) ʼ; Si. vaṭanavā tr. ʻ to turn round ʼ; Md. vařan ʻ to twist, braid ʼ; -- Pa. vaṭṭāpēti ʻ causes to be turned ʼ, S. vaṭāiṇu; P. baṭāuṇā ʻ to cause to be twisted, change ʼ (whence vaṭṇā, ba° ʻ to be exchanged ʼ = H. baṭnā ʻ to be twisted ʼ); G. vaṭāvvũ, vatāvvũ ʻ to exchange, cash ʼ.
Addenda: vartáyati: WPah.kṭg. baṭṇõ ʻ to knead ʼ, J. bāṭṇu; A. baṭiba ʻ to pound ʼ AFD 333; Md. vařanī ʻ twists, surrounds ʼ (in sense ʻ rubs on ʼ < údvartatē?).

11219 váḍabā f. ʻ mare ʼ TS.
Pa. vaḷavā -- , ba° f. ʻ mare ʼ, NiDoc. vaḍ'avi, Pk. vaḍavā -- , valavā -- , valayā -- f., Tir. baṛē, Si. veḷam̆ba, veḷem̆ba. -- S. vaṛu m. ʻ sexual heat (of animals) ʼ,vaṛjaṇu ʻ to be on heat (of mares) ʼ?

11366 vártman n. ʻ track of a wheel, path ʼ RV. [J. Bloch StudII 19 *vartmā nom. sg. m. after ádhvā m. (cf. pánthā -- ) became f. in MIA. -- √vr̥t1]Pa. vaṭuma -- n. ʻ path, road ʼ, Pk. vaṭṭa -- n.m., vaṭṭā<-> f., vaṭṭamaya -- , vaḍū˘maga -- n., K. wath, dat. °ti f., pog. wat, S. vāṭa f., P. vāṭ, bāṭ f., ḍog. batta f., kgr. bat f., bhaṭ. batt, WPah.bhad. bhal. paṅ. cam. batt f., pāḍ. cur. bat; Ku. bāṭ ʻ path, pass ʼ, bāṭo m. ʻ path ʼ, N. bāṭo(obl. bāṭa postp. ʻ from ʼ), A. B. bāṭ; Or. bāṭa ʻ path, place ʼ; Mth. bāṭ ʻ path ʼ, Bhoj. bāt, OAw. OMarw. bāṭa f., H. bāṭ f., G. M. Ko. vāṭ f.; Si. vaṭuma ʻ road ʼ (← Pa.?), devaṭa ʻ lane ʼ (de -- < dēśá -- ?); -- Sh. bāṭṷ m. ʻ wheel ʼ; G. vāṭɔ m. ʻ tire ʼ (semant. cf. vartaní -- f. ʻ felly of wheel, path ʼ RV., Pa. vattanī -- f. ʻ track, path ʼ, Pk. vaṭṭaṇī -- f. ʻ road ʼ). -- Deriv.: N. baṭuwā ʻ traveller ʼ; B. beṭo ʻ of the road ʼ < *bāṭuā ODBL 491; Or. bāṭuā ʻ traveller ʼ, G. vāṭvɔ m. -- Xmārga -- q.v. -- Si. vat ʻ road ʼ (LM 404, EGS 155) extracted from māvat < *mahāpanthā -- . -- See vartís -- from which some of above NIA. feminine words may phonet. equally well derive.
*vartmapathika -- , *vartmapānīya -- , vartmapāla -- ; *avartmaka -- Add., udvartman -- , kuvartman -- , *gāḍḍavartman -- , *gōcaravartman -- , *caturvartman -- , trivartman -- , *duvartmaka -- , dvāravartman -- , *pādavartman -- , *siddhavartman -- , suvartman -- .
Addenda: vártman -- : WPah.kṭg. bāt, kc. bāṭ f. (obl. -- a), J. bā'ṭ f.; Garh. bāṭu ʻ way ʼ.

11347 *varta2 ʻ circular object ʼ or more prob. ʻ something made of metal ʼ, cf. vartaka -- 2 n. ʻ bell -- metal, brass ʼ lex. and vartalōha -- . [√vr̥t?]
Pk. vaṭṭa -- m.n., °aya -- m. ʻ cup ʼ; Ash. waṭāˊk ʻ cup, plate ʼ; K. waṭukh, dat. °ṭakas m. ʻ cup, bowl ʼ; S. vaṭo m. ʻ metal drinking cup ʼ; N. bāṭā, ʻ round copper or brass vessel ʼ; A. bāṭi ʻ cup ʼ; B. bāṭā ʻ box for betel ʼ; Or. baṭā ʻ metal pot for betel ʼ, bāṭi ʻ cup, saucer ʼ; Mth. baṭṭā ʻ large metal cup ʼ, bāṭī ʻ small do. ʼ, H.baṭṛī f.; G. M. vāṭī f. ʻ vessel ʼ.
*aṅkavarta -- , *kajjalavarta -- , *kalaśavarta -- , *kṣāṇavartaka -- , *cūrṇavarta -- , parṇavartikā -- , *hiṅgulavarta -- .
Addenda: *varta -- 2: Md. vař ʻ circle ʼ (vař -- han̆du ʻ full moon ʼ).

11365 vartula ʻ round, globular ʼ BhP. [*vartu -- ]
Pa. Pk. vaṭṭula -- (Pk. also vattula -- ) ʻ round ʼ; Ku. bāṭulo ʻ round, globular ʼ (gng. bāṭuw), baṭulī f. ʻ a collected mass ʼ; N. bāṭulo ʻ round ʼ; B. bã̄ṭul ʻ ball, slingstone ʼ; Or. bāṭuḷa ʻ globular ʼ, °ḷā ʻ ball, ball of boiled rice &c. ʼ, °ḷi ʻ small earthen pellet for pellet -- bow ʼ; Bi. baṭulī ʻ small metal vessel ʼ; M. vāṭoḷā ʻ round ʼ. <-> Deriv. vb.: N. baṭulnu intr. ʻ to collect ʼ; H. baṭurnā ʻ to be collected ʼ; -- whence tr. with o: P. batoḷnā ʻ to collect ʼ, WPah.cam. baṭoḷṇā, Ku.baṭolṇo, baṭorṇo, N. baṭolnu, Mth. baṭorab, H. baṭolnā, baṭornā.
Addenda: vartula -- : Sh. b*lḍvlīk ʻ small metal drinking vessel ʼ (→ Bur. b*lḍ/rolī Lorimer BurLg iii 64) < *baṭul -- ; Garh. baṭoḷnu ʻ to collect ʼ; A. bāṭalu(phonet. batolu) ʻ a round thing ʼ AFD 204.

11357 vartalōha n. ʻ a kind of brass (i.e. *cup metal?) ʼ lex. [*varta -- 2 associated with lōhá -- by pop. etym.?]
Pa. vaṭṭalōha -- n. ʻ a partic. kind of metal ʼ; L.awāṇ. valṭōā ʻ metal pitcher ʼ, P. valṭoh, ba° f., vaṭlohā, ba° m.; N. baṭlohi ʻ round metal vessel ʼ; A. baṭlahi ʻ water vessel ʼ; B. bāṭlahi, bāṭulāi ʻ round brass cooking vessel ʼ; Bi. baṭlohī ʻ small metal vessel ʼ; H. baṭlohī, °loī f. ʻ brass drinking and cooking vessel ʼ, G.vaṭloi f.
Addenda: vartalōha -- : WPah.kṭg. bəlṭóɔ m. ʻ large brass vessel ʼ.

varta 11348 *varta3 ʻ round stone ʼ. 2. *vārta -- . [Cf. Kurd. bard ʻ stone ʼ. -- √vr̥t1]
1. Gy. eur. bar, SEeur. bai̦ ʻ stone ʼ, pal. wăṭ, wŭṭ ʻ stone, cliff ʼ; Ḍ. boṭ m. ʻ stone ʼ, Ash. Wg. wāṭ, Kt. woṭ, Dm. bɔ̈̄'ṭ, Tir. baṭ, Niṅg. bōt, Woṭ. baṭ m., Gmb. wāṭ; Gaw. wāṭ ʻ stone, millstone ʼ; Kal.rumb. bat ʻ stone ʼ (bad -- váṣ ʻ hail ʼ), Kho. bort, Bshk. baṭ, Tor. bāṭ, Mai. (Barth) "bhāt" NTS xviii 125, Sv. bāṭ, Phal. bā̆ṭ; Sh.gil. băṭ m. ʻ stone ʼ, koh. băṭṭ m., jij. baṭ, pales. baṭ ʻ millstone ʼ; K. waṭh, dat. °ṭas m. ʻ round stone ʼ, vüṭü f. ʻ small do. ʼ; L. vaṭṭā m. ʻ stone ʼ, khet. vaṭ ʻ rock ʼ; P. baṭṭ m. ʻ a partic. weight ʼ, vaṭṭā, ba° m. ʻ stone ʼ, vaṭṭī f. ʻ pebble ʼ; WPah.bhal. baṭṭ m. ʻ small round stone ʼ; Or. bāṭi ʻ stone ʼ; Bi. baṭṭā ʻ stone roller for spices, grindstone ʼ. -- With unexpl. -- ṭṭh -- : Sh.gur. baṭṭh m. ʻ stone ʼ, gil. baṭhāˊ m. ʻ avalanche of stones ʼ, baṭhúi f. ʻ pebble ʼ (suggesting also an orig. *vartuka -- which Morgenstierne sees in Kho. place -- name bortuili, cf. *vartu -- , vartula -- ).
2. Paš.lauṛ. wāṛ, kuṛ. wō ʻ stone ʼ, Shum. wāṛ.
vartaka -- 1; *vartadruṇa -- , *vartapānīya -- ; *aṅgāravarta -- , *arkavarta -- , *kaṣavartikā -- .

vartaka 11349 vartaka1 m. ʻ *something round ʼ (ʻ horse's hoof ʼ lex.), vaṭṭaka -- m. ʻ pill, bolus ʼ Bhadrab. [Cf. Orm. waṭk ʻ walnut ʼ (wrongly ← IA. *akhōṭa -- s.v. akṣōṭa -- ). <-> √vr̥t1]
Wg. wāṭi( -- štūm) ʻ walnut( -- tree) ʼ NTS vii 315; K. woṭu m., vüṭü f. ʻ globulated mass ʼ; L. vaṭṭā m. ʻ clod, lobe of ear ʼ; P. vaṭṭī f. ʻ pill ʼ; WPah.bhal. baṭṭi f. ʻ egg ʼ.
vartaka -- 2 n. ʻ bell -- metal, brass ʼ lex. -- See *varta -- 2, vártalōha -- .

vartakara 11350 *vartakara ʻ making turns (of the quail) ʼ. [Pop. etym. for vártikā -- (vartīra -- m. Suśr., °tira -- m. lex.)? -- varta -- 1, kará -- 1]
Ku. B. baṭer ʻ quail ʼ; Or. baṭara, batara ʻ the grey quail ʼ; Mth. H. baṭer f. ʻ quail ʼ; -- → P. baṭer, °rā m., °rī f., L. baṭērā m., S. baṭero m.; K. bāṭuru m. ʻ a kind of quail ʼ, baṭēra m. ʻ quail ʼ.

11361 vártikā f. ʻ quail ʼ RV. 2. vārtika -- m. lex. 3. var- takā -- f. lex. (eastern form ac. to Kātyāyana: S. Lévi JA 1912, 498), °ka -- m. Car., vārtāka-- m. lex. [Cf. vartīra -- m. Suśr., °tira -- lex., *vartakara -- ]
1. Ash. uwŕe/ ʻ partridge ʼ NTS ii 246 (connexion denied NTS v 340), Paš.snj. waṭīˊ; K. hāra -- wüṭü f. ʻ species of waterfowl ʼ (hāra -- < śāˊra -- ).
2. Kho. barti ʻ quail, partridge ʼ BelvalkarVol 88.
3. Pa. vaṭṭakā -- f., °ka -- in cmpds. ʻ quail ʼ, Pk. vaṭṭaya -- m., N. baṭṭāi (< vārtāka -- ?), A. batā -- sarāi, B. batui, baṭuyā; Si. vaṭuvā ʻ snipe, sandpiper ʼ (ext. of *vaṭu < vartakā -- ). -- With unexpl. bh -- : Or. bhāṭoi, °ṭui ʻ the grey quail Cotarnix communis ʼ, (dial.) bhāroi, °rui (< early MIA. *vāṭāka -- < vārtāka -- : cf.vāṭī -- f. ʻ a kind of bird ʼ Car.).
Addenda: vartikā -- [Dial. a ~ ā < IE. non -- apophonic o (cf. Gk. o)/rtuc and early EMIA. vāṭī -- f. ʻ a kind of bird ʼ Car. < *vārtī -- ) T. Burrow BSOAS xxxviii 71]

9588 bhr̥ta ʻ carried, brought ʼ MBh. 2. ʻ hired, paid ʼ Mn., m. ʻ hireling, mercenary ʼ Yājñ.com., bhr̥taka -- m. ʻ hired servant ʼ Mn.: > MIA. bhaṭa -- m. ʻ hired soldier, servant ʼ MBh. [√bhr̥]
1. Ash. 3 sg. pret. bəṛə, f. °ṛī ʻ brought ʼ, Kt. bŕå; Gaw. (LSI) bṛoet ʻ they begin ʼ.
2. Pa. bhata -- ʻ supported, fed ʼ, bhataka -- m. ʻ hired servant ʼ, bhaṭa -- m. ʻ hireling, servant, soldier ʼ; Aś.shah. man. kāl. bhaṭa -- ʻ hired servant ʼ, kāl.bhaṭaka -- , gir. bhata -- , bhataka -- ; Pk. bhayaga -- m. ʻ servant ʼ, bhaḍa -- m. ʻ soldier ʼ, bhaḍaa -- m. ʻ member of a non -- Aryan tribe ʼ; Paš. buṛīˊ ʻ servant maid ʼ IIFL iii 3, 38; S. bhaṛu ʻ clever, proficient ʼ, m. ʻ an adept ʼ; Ku. bhaṛ m. ʻ hero, brave man ʼ, gng. adj. ʻ mighty ʼ; B. bhaṛ ʻ soldier, servant, nom. prop. ʼ,bhaṛil ʻ servant, hero ʼ; Bhoj. bhar ʻ name of a partic. low caste ʼ; G. bhaṛ m. ʻ warrior, hero, opulent person ʼ, adj. ʻ strong, opulent ʼ, ubhaṛ m. ʻ landless worker ʼ (G. cmpd. with u -- , ʻ without ʼ, i.e. ʻ one without servants ʼ?); Si. beḷē ʻ soldier ʼ < *baḷaya, st. baḷa -- ; -- Pk. bhuaga -- m. ʻ worshipper in a temple ʼ, G.bhuvɔ m. (rather than < bhūdēva -- ).
*bhārta -- ; abhr̥ta -- ; subhaṭa -- .
Addenda: bhr̥ta -- : S.kcch. bhaṛ ʻ brave ʼ; Garh. (Śrīnagrī dial.) bhɔṛ, (Salānī dial.) bheṛ ʻ warrior ʼ.
9589 *bhr̥takarman ʻ soldier -- work ʼ. [bhr̥ta -- , kárman -- 1]
Si. baḷām ʻ warfare ʼ.
9590 *bhr̥tagātu ʻ hero song ʼ. [bhr̥ta -- , gātú -- 2]
Ku. bhaṛau ʻ song about the prowess of ancient heroes ʼ.

9424 bhástrā f. ʻ leathern bag ʼ ŚBr., ʻ bellows ʼ Kāv., bhastrikā -- f. ʻ little bag ʼ Daś. [Despite EWA ii 489, not from a √bhas ʻ blow ʼ (existence of which is very doubtful). -- Basic meaning is ʻ skin bag ʼ (cf. bakura<-> ʻ bellows ʼ ~ bākurá -- dŕ̊ti -- ʻ goat's skin ʼ), der. from bastá -- m. ʻ goat ʼ RV. (cf.bastājina -- n. ʻ goat's skin ʼ MaitrS. = bāstaṁ carma Mn.); with bh -- (and unexpl. -- st -- ) in Pa. bhasta -- m. ʻ goat ʼ, bhastacamma -- n. ʻ goat's skin ʼ. Phonet. Pa. and all NIA. (except S. with a) may be < *bhāsta -- , cf. bāsta -- above (J. C. W.)]With unexpl. retention of -- st -- : Pa. bhastā -- f. ʻ bellows ʼ (cf. vāta -- puṇṇa -- bhasta -- camma -- n. ʻ goat's skin full ofwind ʼ), biḷāra -- bhastā -- f. ʻ catskin bag ʼ, bhasta -- n. ʻ leather sack (for flour) ʼ; K. khāra -- basta f. ʻ blacksmith's skin bellows ʼ; -- S. bathī f. ʻ quiver ʼ (< *bhathī); A. Or. bhāti ʻ bellows ʼ, Bi. bhāthī, (S of Ganges) bhã̄thī; OAw. bhāthā̆ ʻ quiver ʼ; H. bhāthā m. ʻ quiver ʼ, bhāthī f. ʻ bellows ʼ; G. bhāthɔ, bhātɔ,bhāthṛɔ m. ʻ quiver ʼ (whence bhāthī m. ʻ warrior ʼ); M. bhātā m. ʻ leathern bag, bellows, quiver ʼ, bhātaḍ n. ʻ bellows, quiver ʼ; <-> (X bhráṣṭra -- ?) N. bhã̄ṭi ʻ bellows ʼ, H. bhāṭhī f.
*khallabhastrā -- .
Addenda: bhástrā -- : OA. bhāthi ʻ bellows ʼ

2240 Ta. kōlam beauty, colour, form, shape, costume, attire as worn by actors, ornament. Ma. kōlam form, figure (chiefly of masks, dresses); idol, body, beauty.Ka. kōla ornament, decoration, form, figure (chiefly of masks, dresses, etc.). Tu. kōla a devil-dance. Te. (B.) kōlamu a dance, dancing. Go. (Mu.) kōla the ḍanḍar dance [i.e. stick dance]; kōla pāṭa kind of song associated with the ḍanḍar dance (Voc. 986).

2238 Ta. kōl, kōlam raft, float. Ma. kōlam raft. Ka. kōl raft, float. Te. (B.) kōlamu id. / Cf. Skt., BHS kola- boat, raft, Pali kulla- id.

2242 Ka. kōli a stubble of jōḷa. Te. kōle a stub or stump of corn.
2253 Go. (Tr.) kōṛ a sheaf in the field (Voc. 983). Kur. xōl rice-sheaf.
2254 Ta. kōḷi
2254 Ta. kōḷi banyan, fig, tree bearing fruit without outwardly blossoming; kōṇi fig; kor̤iñci trees or plants, as the figs, which bear without blossoming. ? Ma.kōḷi an epidendron, grasping plant (some figs are of this nature). Ka. gōḷi all kinds of fig trees which bear no apparent flowers; banyan; Ficus elastica Roxb.;gōṇi F. elastica; F. religiosa. Tu. gōḷida mara banyan tree, F. indica.

वाणी (p. 746) [ vāṇī ] m (वाणिक् S) A caste or an individual of it. They are corn-chandlers and grocers and retail dealers, a banyan. Pr. वाणी देत नाहीं आणि इकडे पुरा तोल (The Wán̤í refuses to sell yet the other insists on having good weight.) Used where one is full and exact in his directions respecting the manner and particulars of an act which the other utterly refuses to perform. 2 A kind of manylegged and harmless worm. It is of blackish red, and it coils itself up on being touched. Otherwise called मंडळी or मंडाळी.

वणीक or वणीज (p. 723) [ vaṇīka or vaṇīja ] m (वणिक् or वणिज् S) A seller of grain, groceries, and the ordinary householdnecessaries, a वाणी or Banyan.

11230 vaṇíj m. ʻ trader ʼ RV., f. ʻ trade ʼ Gaut.
Pk. vaṇi -- m. ʻ trader ʼ; -- Ash. vaṇiċ -- , vãṛiċ -- ʻ to sell ʼ, Kt. vŕäī˜č ʻ sale ʼ. (Rep1 62) rather ← Ind. s.v. vaṇijyāˊ -- .
vaṇija -- , vaṇijā -- , vaṇijyāˊ -- , vāṇijá -- , vāṇijya -- , vāṇijyaka -- .
11231 vaṇija -- , °aka -- m. ʻ trader ʼ lex. [vaṇíj -- ]
Pk. vaṇia -- m. ʻ trader ʼ, S. vaṇyo m., P.ludh. baniā m., Ku. baṇiyā, gng. b*l_&rtodtilde;i, N. A. baniyā, Or. baṇiā, Bi. baniyā, Mth. baniã̄, Bhoj. Aw.lakh. H.baniyā m.; <-> Sh. (Lor.) b*lnyo m. ʻ big shopkeeper ʼ prob. ← H.
vaṇijā 11232 vaṇijā f. ʻ trade ʼ lex. [vaṇíj -- ]
A. benā ʻ trade ʼ?

vaṇijyāˊ 11233 vaṇijyāˊ f. ʻ trade ʼ ŚBr., °jyá -- n. lex. [vaṇíj -- ]
Pa. vaṇijjā -- f. ʻ trade ʼ, Pk. vaṇijja -- n., S. vaṇiju m., L. (Ju.) vaṇj m., awāṇ. vaṇuj, P. vaṇj, baṇaj, ludh. banaj m., Ku. baṇaj, gng. b*l_&rtodtilde;ij̈, Or. baṇija, Bi. Aw.lakh. banij, Bhoj. baniji, H. banij, banaj m., G. vaṇaj m.; M. vaṇaj̈ f. ʻ trade journey ʼ. -- Deriv. S. vaṇjaṇu ʻ to buy ʼ; H. banajnā ʻ to trade ʼ; -- Ash. vaṇiċ-- , vãṛiċ -- ʻ to sell ʼ, Kt. vŕäī˜č -- ← Ind. rather than direct < vaṇíj -- .
vāṇijyaka -- ; *vaṇijyākāra -- .
Addenda: vaṇijyāˊ -- : Garh. baṇja ʻ trade ʼ, A. baniz.

vaṇijyākāra 11234 *vaṇijyākāra ʻ trader ʼ. [vaṇijyāˊ -- , kāra -- 1]
Pk. vaṇijjāraya -- m. ʻ trader ʼ, S. vaṇjāro m., L. vaṇjārā m. (→ Psht.waz. wanǰorai ʻ intermediary ʼ), P. vaṇjārā, baṇ° m., Or. baṇijāra, °ru, H. banijārā,banjārā m. (→ Ku. banjāro); G. vaṇjāri f. ʻ a number of traders, caravan ʼ, vaṇjārɔ m. ʻ travelling trader ʼ; M. vaṇj̈ār m. ʻ troop of travelling sellers of grain and salt ʼ, vaṇj̈ārā m. ʻ carrier of grain, salt, &c. (a caste) ʼ; -- A. bānizār ʻ trade ʼ, MB. bāṇijāra ʻ trader ʼ with secondary lengthening of ā rather than < *vāṇijyakāra -- .
vāṇijá 11484 vāṇijá m. ʻ trader ʼ TBr., °aka -- m. MBh. [vaṇíj -- ]
Pa. vāṇija -- , °aka -- m. ʻ trader ʼ, NiDoc. vaniye pl., Pk. vāṇia -- , °aya -- m.; K. wôñu m., wāñuru m. ʻ pedlar ʼ; S. vāṇyāṇī, vāñāṇī (f. of vaṇyo ʻ shopkeeper ʼvaṇijá -- ); P. bāniā m. ʻ trader ʼ, B. bāniyā, bene, Marw. bã̄ṇyõ, OG. vāṇīu, vāṇīḍu m., G. vāṇiyɔ m., M. vāṇī m., Ko. vāṇi, Si. veṇan̆da, veṇen̆da, veṇada,veḷan̆da, veḷen̆da.
*vāṇijakarman -- , vāṇijaputra -- .
Addenda: vāṇijá -- : WPah.poet. baṇe, baṇia m. ʻ shopkeeper ʼ; J. bāṇiyā m. ʻ banker ʼ.

vāṇijakarman 11485 *vāṇijakarman ʻ trade ʼ. [Cf. vaṇikkarman -- n. Pañcat. -- vāṇijá -- , kárman -- 1]
Si. veṇan̆dām -- a, veḷan̆dām -- a ʻ trade ʼ.

vāṇijaputra 11486 *vāṇijaputra ʻ merchant's son ʼ. [Cf. vaṇikputra -- m. Kathās. -- vāṇijá -- , putrá -- 1]
G. vaṇɔtar m. ʻ clerk in a merchant's office ʼ.

vāˊṇijya 11487 vāˊṇijya n. ʻ trade ʼ Siddh., vāṇijyā -- f. Kathās. [Cf. vaṇijyāˊ -- . -- vaṇíj -- ]
Pa. vāṇijjā -- f. ʻ trade ʼ, Pk. vāṇijja -- n., °jā -- f., Or. bāṇija.
vāṇijyaka -- ; *vāṇijyakāra -- .

vāṇijyaka 11488 vāṇijyaka m. ʻ trader ʼ Hcat. [vāṇijya -- ]
Pk. vāṇijjiya -- m. ʻ trader ʼ, Or. bāṇija, baṇijā.

vāṇijyakāra 11489 *vāṇijyakāra ʻ trading ʼ. [vāṇijya -- , kāra -- 1]
A. bānizār ʻ trade ʼ; MB. bāṇijāra ʻ trader ʼ. -- See *vaṇijyākāra -- .

vāˊṇī 11490 vāˊṇī1 f. ʻ voice, sound ʼ RV. [Cf. vaṇati ʻ śabdē ʼ Dhātup. Poss. conn. *vari -- , varṇa -- 2]
Pk. vāṇī -- f. ʻ voice ʼ; K. wān, wöñü f. ʻ speech, dirge ʼ; G. vāṇ f. ʻ speech ʼ, Si. vänu.
vāṇīˊ -- 2 ʻ reed ʼ see bāṇá -- .
vāṇī -- 3 ʻ weaving ʼ see vāna -- .
Addenda: vāˊṇī -- 1: WPah.kṭg. baṇi f. ʻ speech, language ʼ, J. bāṇī f.

1236 Ta. kampaṭṭam coinage, coin. Ma. kammaṭṭam, kammiṭṭam coinage, mint. Ka. kammaṭa id.; kammaṭi a coiner.

1237 Ta. kampalai agricultural tract; kampaḷar inhabitants of an agricultural tract. Ka. kampaṇa a district. Te. (Inscr.) kampaṇamu an administrative division. / Cf. Mayrhofer, s.v. kampanaḥ.

1239 Ka. kambaḷa a buffalo race. Tu. kambula, kambuḷa a buffalo race in a rice field.

1241 Ta. kampi wire of gold, silver, iron or other metal; bit of a horse's bridle; narrow stripe along the border of a cloth. Ma. kampi wire of lute; bar of iron; stripe in the border of a cloth. Ka. kambi wire; iron band, bar of iron, bar, bridge of nose; stripe or stripes running parallel with the border of a cloth. Tu. kambia wire; flat bar of iron; borders of a cloth. Te. kambi wire; kammi id., a bar, the line or border at the end of a cloth. DED(S) 1038, 1039 (Krishnamurti,Language 39.561).
1242 Ta. kampu, kampam-pul
1242 Ta. kampu, kampam-pul bulrush millet, Italian millet. Ma. kampu id.; kampam a grain; kamp-ari Holcus spicatus. Ka. kambu id. Te. kambu id. / Cf. Skt. kambū- (Hem. Uṇ 847) = kuruvinda-. [Pennisetum typhoideum Rich. = Panicum spicatum Roxb. = H. spicatus Linn. = many other synonyms.]

10918 *laṭṭa2 ʻ hanging, tangled ʼ. 2. *laṭṭha -- 2. 3. *laṇṭha -- 2. 4. *laṇḍa -- 2. 5. *latta -- 2. 6. *ladda -- 2. 7. *liṭṭa -- 2. 8. *lidda -- 2. [Cf. laṭvā -- ʻ curl on forehead ʼ lex. -<-> ~ *laḍa -- , latā -- 1. Semant. ʻ dangling > tendril > tangle ʼ. Cf. alakalatā -- ʻ dangling (?) curls ʼ, latā<-> ʻ thong of whip ʼ lex.]
1. K. loṭu m. ʻ tail ʼ, lüṭü, laṭar f. ʻ short tail ʼ; S. laṭkaṇu ʻ to hang, dangle ʼ; L. lāṭ m. ʻ tail ʼ; P. laṭ f. ʻ lock of hair ʼ; Ku. laṭuro ʻ lock of hair ʼ, laṭulo ʻ cluster of hair ʼ, laṭkaṇo ʻ to be hung ʼ; N. laṭṭo ʻ cluster, lock of hair ʼ, laṭṭinu ʻ to become matted or entangled ʼ; B. lāṭ ʻ entanglement ʼ, laṭā ʻ creeper ʼ; Or. laṭā, laṭi ʻ creeper ʼ, laṭibā ʻ to creep, trail ʼ; Mth. laṭ f. ʻ curled lock ʼ, laṭā m. ʻ entanglement, matted hair ʼ; OAw. laṭāvaï ʻ wraps round ʼ; H. laṭ f. ʻ curled lock ʼ, laṭā m. ʻ entanglement,matted hair ʼ, laṭnā ʻ to become entangled ʼ; G. laṭi ʻ lock of hair ʼ, laṭiyã̄ n. pl. ʻ matted locks ʼ, laṭvũ ʻ to become entangled ʼ, laṭakvũ intr. ʻ to hang down ʼ; M.laṭ f. ʻ entanglement, pubic hair ʼ, laṭakṇẽ intr. ʻ to hang down ʼ; Si. laṭa -- paṭa ʻ medley, nonsense ʼ.
2. Pk. laṭṭha -- ʻ attached to one another ʼ; K. laṭhuru m. ʻ woman's plaited hair ʼ.
3. N. laṇṭhā ʻ engagement, work, trouble ʼ.
4. K. lünḍü f. ʻ creeper ʼ, lonḍu m. ʻ eave -- border of the edge of a thatch (usu. made of birch bark and mud) ʼ; Or. laṇḍa -- laṇḍa ʻ confusion ʼ, laṇḍā -- bakuli ʻ name of a plant ʼ.
5. N. latakka ʻ bent down ʼ, latko ʻ hanging mass ʼ, latranu ʻ to lean over ʼ.
6. M. laddā m. ʻ matted mass of hair ʼ.
7. S. liṭa f. ʻ matted hair ʼ; L. (Ju.) liṭ f. ʻ tangled hair, splinter in skin ʼ, awāṇ. liṭṭā ʻ matted hair ʼ.
8. OMarw. līdaï ʻ is entangled ʼ.
*laṭṭha -- 1 ʻ defective ʼ see laṭṭa -- 1.
*laṭṭha -- 2 ʻ tangled ʼ see *laṭṭa -- 2.
*laṭṭhara -- ʻ defective ʼ see laṭṭa -- 1.
Addenda: *laṭṭa -- 2. 9. †*laṭa -- 2: OP. laṛu m. ʻ skirt, hem ʼ, P. laṛ m.

लांडा [ lāṇḍā ] a (लंड S) Tail-cropped or tail-cut--a beast: also cropped or docked--a tail. लांडा भोंडा or लांडा भुंडा [ lāṇḍā bhōṇḍā or lāṇḍā bhuṇḍā ] a (लांडा by redup.) Tail-cut &c.; top-cut or top-broken generally.

लाडसोनार [ lāḍasōnāra ] m A tribe, or an individual of it, of goldsmiths. लाड [ lāḍa ] m A caste or an individual of it. They sell betel-leaf, areca-nut, tobacco, bháng &c.

laḍa 10921 *laḍa ʻ string, garland ʼ. [See *laṭṭa -- 2]
K. lar f. ʻ string of necklace ʼ; L. laṛī f. ʻ strand of cord ʼ, mult. laṛ m., P. laṛī f.; Ku. laṛ ʻ garland, string ʼ, laṛo ʻ cord ʼ, laṛi ʻ garland, string of beads ʼ; N. lari,lariyā ʻ skein of cotton removed after spinning ʼ; Mth. lar ʻ strand of rope ʼ; OAw. larī f. ʻ string of pearls ʼ, H. laṛ, laṛī f., OMarw. laṛa f., M. laḍ, laḍī f.
Addenda: *laḍa -- : WPah.kc. lɔṛṭo, lɔḷṭo ʻ rope ʼ.

10920 *laḍ2 ʻ fight ʼ. 2. *laḍḍ -- 2. 3. *laḍh -- .
1. P. laṛṇā ʻ to fight ʼ, WPah.bhad. bhal. laṛṇū, cam. laṛṇā, Ku. laṛṇo, A. lariba, B. laṛā, OAw. laraï, H. laṛnā (→ N. laṛnu, Mth. laṛab, Bhoj. laṛal), G. laṛvũ.
2. K. laḍun.
3. Or. laṛhibā, na°, M. laḍhṇẽ.
Addenda: *laḍ -- 2: WPah.kṭg. lɔṛnõ ʻ to fight ʼ, J. laṛṇu; Garh. laṛnu ʻ to quarrel ʼ.

10919 laṭvā f. ʻ safflower ʼ lex.
Pk. laṭṭā -- f. ʻ safflower ʼ; -- N. laṭṭe ʻ the plant Amaranthus (the seeds of which are eaten by Bhoṭiyas) ʼ?

710 alāta m. ʻ fire -- brand ʼ MBh., ālāta -- m. lex. 2. *lāta -- .
1. Pa. alāta -- n., Pk. alāya -- n.; Sh. gur. alāŭ ʻ bonfire ʼ; K. alāv m. ʻ fire in a pit ʼ, H. alāw, °wā m.; G. alāvɔ m. ʻ fire kindled in a ditch round which Moslems dance at Muharram ʼ.
2. Sh. gil. lăï ʻ unlit torch ʼ, (Lor.) lēi ʻ torchwood ʼ; L. awāṇ. laī f. ʻ fuel ʼ; H. poet. lāi m.f. ʻ flame, fire ʼ.
Addenda: alāta -- : Sh.gur. alāŭ ʻ bonfire ʼ.

10931 *lattā ʻ foot, kick ʼ. 2. *latthā -- .
1. Pk. lattā -- , lattiā -- f. ʻ blow with the heel ʼ; Gy. germ. latĕdĭ̄ni ʻ blow, kick of a horse ʼ, wel. lats -- ʻ to kick ʼ; K. lath, dat. lati f. ʻ kick ʼ; S. lata f. ʻ foot, leg, kick ʼ; L. latt, pl. lattã, f. ʻ leg (hip to foot), kick ʼ, awāṇ. lat f.; P. latt f. ʻ leg ʼ; WPah.jaun. lāt ʻ foot ʼ; Ku. N. lāt ʻ kick ʼ, B. lāt, nāt, nāti, Or. lāta, lāti, nāta, Mth. H. lāt f., OAw. OMarw. lāta f., G. M. lāt f. -- Deriv.: K. latārun ʻ to trample on ʼ; N. latārnu ʻ to spurn ʼ, H. latāṛnā; -- N. latyāunu ʻ to kick ʼ, H. latiyānā. -- X *ēḍḍi -- : Or. leṛi ʻ heel, spur, blow with the heel ʼ.
2. A. B. lāth, lāthi ʻ kick ʼ, M. lāth f.; -- H. lathāu m. ʻ kicking ʼ.

காரா kār-ā , n. < கரு-மை + ஆ. [T. kārāvu, U. kārā.] Buffalo; எருமை. செங்கண் வன்கட் காரா (தஞ்சைவா. 380).

கருங்கொல்லன் karu-ṅ-kollaṉ , n. < id. +. Blacksmith; கருமான். கருமகன் karumakaṉ, n. prob. karma-kara. Blacksmith; கொல்லன். கருமகக் கம்மியன் (கம் பரா. பம்பா. 37). கருமன் karumaṉ , n. cf. karma-kara. Blacksmith; கொல்லன். (பிங்.).

khār 1 खार् । लोहकारः m. (sg. abl. khāra 1 खार; the pl. dat. of this word is khāran 1 खारन्, which is to be distinguished from khāran 2, q.v., s.v.), a blacksmith, an iron worker (cf. bandūka-khār, p. 111b, l. 46; K.Pr. 46; H. xi, 17); a farrier (El.). This word is often a part of a name, and in such case comes at the end (W. 118) as in Wahab khār, Wahab the smith (H. ii, 12; vi, 17). khāra-basta

khāra-basta खार-बस््त । चर्मप्रसेविका f. the skin bellows of a blacksmith. -büṭhü -ब&above;ठू&below; । लोहकारभित्तिः f. the wall of a blacksmith's furnace or hearth. -bāy -बाय् । लोहकारपत्नी f. a blacksmith's wife (Gr.Gr. 34). -dŏkuru -द्वकुरु‍&below; । लोहकारायोघनः m. a blacksmith's hammer, a sledge-hammer. -gȧji -ग&above;जि&below; or -güjü -ग&above;जू&below; । लोहकारचुल्लिः f. a blacksmith's furnace or hearth. -hāl -हाल् । लोहकारकन्दुः f. (sg. dat. -höjü -हा&above;जू&below;), a blacksmith's smelting furnace; cf. hāl 5. -kūrü -कूरू‍&below; । लोहकारकन्या f. a blacksmith's daughter. -koṭu -क&above;टु&below; । लोहकारपुत्रः m. the son of a blacksmith, esp. a skilful son, who can work at the same profession. -küṭü -क&above;टू&below; । लोहकारकन्या f. a blacksmith's daughter, esp. one who has the virtues and qualities properly belonging to her father's profession or caste. -më˘ʦü 1 -म्य&above;च&dotbelow;ू&below; । लोहकारमृत्तिका f. (for 2, see [khāra 3] ), 'blacksmith's earth,' i.e. iron-ore. -nĕcyuwu -न्यचिवु&below; । लोहकारात्मजः m. a blacksmith's son. -nay -नय् । लोहकारनालिका f. (for khāranay 2, see [khārun] ), the trough into which the blacksmith allows melted iron to flow after smelting. -ʦañĕ -च्&dotbelow;ञ । लोहकारशान्ताङ्गाराः f.pl. charcoal used by blacksmiths in their furnaces. -wān वान् । लोहकारापणः m. a blacksmith's shop, a forge, smithy (K.Pr. 3). -waṭh -वठ् । आघाताधारशिला m. (sg. dat. -waṭas -वटि), the large stone used by a blacksmith as an anvil. (Kashmiri)

khāra खार in khāra-wāl खार-वाल् । आरोपणा<-> वरोहणे f. raising and lowering; bringing up and down (e.g. a great load or equipment up and down in mountainous country); (in Śaiva philosophy) the raising of the soul to the Brahma-randr (Brahma-randhra, p. 121a, l. 8) and the bringing it down again. (Kashmiri)

káṭa1 m. ʻ twist of straw, mat ʼ TS., káṭaka -- m.n. ʻ twist of straw ʼ Kād., ʻ bridle ring ʼ Suśr., ʻ bracelet ʼ Kālid., kaṭikā -- f. ʻ straw mat ʼ KātyŚr. com. [Derivation as early MIA. form of *kr̥ta -- 2 ~ kr̥ṇátti EWA i 141 is supported by S. P. L. forms of the latter q.v. In NIA., except in G., káṭa -- 1 has developed as ʻ ring, bracelet, chain ʼ.] Pa. kaṭa -- m. ʻ mat ʼ, °aka -- m.n. ʻ ring, bracelet ʼ; Pk. kaḍaya -- m.n. ʻ ring ʼ, kaḍā -- f. ʻ chain ʼ; Gy. wel. kerō m. ʻ bracelet ʼ, gr. koró; Dm. kaŕaī; Paš. kāṛa ʻ snare (made of horsehair) ʼ IIFL iii 3, 98 with (?); Phal. kāṛa ʻ bracelet ʼ, Sh. kāvṷ m., (Lor.) kāo, K. karu m.; S. kaṛo m. ʻ ring, chain or hasp to fasten door, buttonhole ʼ, °ṛī f. ʻ metal ring, anklet ʼ; L. kaṛā m. ʻ bracelet, magic circle drawn round person or garden produce to keep off jinni ʼ, °ṛī f. ʻ anklet ʼ; P. kaṛā m. ʻ bracelet, tyre of wheel ʼ, °ṛī f. ʻ ring, manacle ʼ; WPah. bhal. kaṛu n. ʻ link of a chain ʼ; Ku. kāṛo ʻ bangle ʼ; N. karo, pl. °rā ʻ rings of a vessel by which it is lifted ʼ; B. kaṛ ʻ lac bracelet worn by women with living husbands ʼ, kaṛā ʻ metal ring ʼ, °ṛi ʻ ring, bracelet ʼ; Or. kaṛā ʻ metal ring, link ʼ; Bi. karā ʻ handle of a vessel ʼ; H. kaṛā m. ʻ ring, bracelet, anklet ʼ, °ṛī f. ʻ metal ring ʼ (→ Bi. Mth. kaṛī ʻ iron ring ʼ); Marw. kaṛo m. ʻ bracelet ʼ; G. kaṛo m. ʻ large mat ʼ, °ṛũ n. ʻ circular ring of gold or silver ʼ, °ṛī f. ʻ link, hook, chain ʼ; M. kaḍẽ n., °ḍī f. ʻ metal ring ʼ. -- Ext. with -- ḍa -- : G. karṛɔ m. ʻ toe ring ʼ, °ṛī f. ʻ ear -- ring ʼ; -- with -- la -- : N.kalli ʻ anklet ʼ; G. kaḍlũ, kallũ n. ʻ bracelet, anklet ʼ, kaḍlī, kallī f. ʻ ring, armlet ʼ.(CDIAL 2629)

Ka. kāru pincers, tongs. Te. kāru id. Ga. (S.3) kāru id. (< Te.)(DEDR 1473).

kārú -- , °uka -- m. ʻ artisan ʼ Mn. [√kr̥1]Pa. kāru -- , °uka -- m., Pk. kāru -- m.; A. B. kāru ʻ artist ʼ; Or. kāru ʻ artisan, servant ʼ, kāruā ʻ expert, deft ʼ; G. kāru m. ʻ artisan ʼ; Si. karuvā ʻ artist ʼ (ES 22 <kāraka -- )(CDIAL 3066).

भट्टी (p. 598) [ bhaṭṭī ] f ( H) A kiln, a furnace, an oven. 2 A smith's forge; a furnace or stove in general (as of a confectioner, a भडभुंज्या). The large चूल or fireplace for the सतेल of a washerman. 3 A spirit-still. 4 By metonymy. The matter prepared in a kiln or furnace; or the quantity prepared at once, the batch: also the art, knack, method, process of preparation: also, laxly, cast, make, mould, build, air, style, fashion, character. Ex. ही भट्टी चांगली उतरली ती भट्टी बिघडली; ह्या रसायणाची भट्टी त्या वैद्यास चांगली ठाऊक आहे; त्यास स्वयंपाकाची भट्टी ठाऊक आहे; शरीराची भट्टी, पागोट्याची भट्टी, मसल- तीची भट्टी. 4 Straw or grass so disposed as to form ripening beds (for plantains, betel-leaves &c.) भट्टी भाजणारा A grain-parcher: also a potter, brickmaker, tilemaker, any kiln-burner.

कमठ [L=43777] mn. a water-jar (esp. one made of a hollow gourd or cocoa-nut , and used by ascetics) L. kamanḍal कमंडल् m. a gourd or vessel made of wood or earth, used as a water-jar by religious ascetics (Śiv. 543).

kamāndār m. a bowman, an archer (YZ. 5).(Kashmiri)

काण्डवत् kāṇḍavatकाण्डवत् m. An archer.काण्डीरः kāṇḍīrḥकाण्डीरः [काण्ड-इरन् ईरच् वा P.V.2.111.] An archer (this word also is sometimes used like काण्डपृष्ठ as a term of reproach; cf. Mv.3.)

aya 'fish' Rebus: ayas 'metal'

The meaning of 'ayas' in Rigveda has been uncertain and conjectures have been made from the texts as exemplified by the succinct presentation by

Arthur Anthony Macdonell, and Arthur Berriedale Keith.

http://bharatkalyan97.blogspot.in/2014/09/ayas-vedic-gloss-in-hieroglyph.html

S. Kalyanaraman
Sarasvati Research Center
August 23, 2015

Indus Script Corpora Cipher hypertexts with hieroglyph-multiplexes signify blacksmith, metal ingot types, implements

bhāṭoi 'quail' (Oriya) Rebus: bat.a = a kind of iron (G.lex.) bhat.a = a furnace, a kiln; it.a bhat.a a brick kiln (Santali)

Arthur Anthony Macdonell, and Arthur Berriedale Keith.

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【個人撮影】スマホのプライベート映像♪「中に出さないで///」カラオケ屋での生ハメ撮りが流出ｗ【リベンジポルノ】＠PornHub

BREAKING NEWS: Diamond Platnumz Is Reported Dead After Ghastly Car Accident

FIAT 500 B0111 B0112