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This monograph provides evidences from 5 Rosetta stones. These are cylinder seals of scribes of Ancient Near East. They were also metalworkers.
This monograph provides evidences from 5 Rosetta stones. These are cylinder seals of scribes of Ancient Near East. They were also metalworkers.
The seals signify Indus Script hieroglyph multiplexes.
Thus, the seals are metalwork catalogues with names of owners of the cylinder seals written in Akkadian cuneiform.
Seal impression of Miramuwa no. 240 from Nishantepe (Herbordt 2005: 246, pl. 19)
Seal impression Bog. V12 of Pupuli found on a bulla from the north storerooms of T.I (Guterbock 175b:56ff).On Miramuwa seal, the short-horned bull is an Indus Script hieroglyph: barad, 'ox' Rebus: bharat 'alloy of copper, pewter, tin'; hence, denotes a metalworker. Hieroglyph: karaDi 'safflower' Rebus: karaDa 'hard alloy'.
On Pupuli seal, the pair of goats denote Indus Script cipher: dula 'pair' Rebus: dul 'cast metal' Hieroglyph
"The first part of this study attempts to illustrate in which contexts Hittite scribes came to be seenas part of a GIŠ.KIN.TI, the Mesopotamian term for a structure or institution and its associatedcraftsmen engaged mainly in artisanry. Apart from the obvious connection between the scribalart and craftsmanship in antiquity, it was observed that Hittite scribes (1) collaborated with other craftsmen such as metal workers, (2) engaged in what seems to have been literal artisanry by inscribing on stone, metal tablets and other artefacts, and (3) in some cases even bore a title associated with some craft next to their scribal title. In line with the latter observation it wassuggested that the Hieroglyphic Luwian signs on the inventory text VBoT 87 may be read soas to identify them with a certain Pupuli, also known as a metal worker, indicating that someartisans were literate and could even inscribe economic reports."https://www.academia.edu/286160/Scriptoria_in_Late_Empire_Period_%E1%B8%AAattusa_The_Case_of_the_%C3%89_GI%C5%A0.KIN.TI
Greenstone seal of Adda Akkadian, about 2300-2200 BCE From MesopotamiaSeal of Adda. British Museum.Height: 3.900 cm Diameter: 2.550 cm ME 89115 "The cuneiform inscription identifies the owner of the seal as Adda, who is described as dubsar, or 'scribe'. The figures can be identified as gods by their pointed hats with multiple horns. The figure with streams of water and fish flowing from his shoulders is Ea (Sumerian Enki), god of subterranean waters and of wisdom. Behind him stands Usimu, his two-faced vizier (chief minister).At the centre of the scene is the sun-god, Shamash (Sumerian Utu), with rays rising from his shoulders. He is cutting his way through the mountains in order to rise at dawn.To his left is a winged goddess, Ishtar (Sumerian Inanna). The weapons rising from her shoulders symbolise her warlike characteristics; she also holds a cluster of dates.The god armed with a bow and quiver has not been identified with certainty, but may represent a hunting god like Nusku."
Hieroglyph: காண்டம்² kāṇṭam
, n. < kāṇḍa. 1. Water; sacred water; நீர். துருத்திவா யதுக்கிய குங்குமக் காண் டமும் (கல்லா. 49, 16).
ayaskāṇḍa ‘a quantity of iron, excellent iron’ (Pāṇ.gaṇ)2. खांडा [ khāṇḍā ] m A jag, notch, or indentation (as upon the edge of a tool or weapon). (Marathi) Rebus: khāṇḍā ‘tools, pots and pans, metal-ware’.
Cylinder Seal of Ibni-Sharrum 2250 BCE.Louvre, Department of Near Eastern Antiquities: Mesopotamia. Héros acolytes d'Ea abreuvant des buffles Diorite H. 3.9 cm; Diam. 2.6 cm Ancienne collection De Clercq , 1967 AO 22303 "Fine engraving, elegant drawing, and a balanced composition make this seal one of the masterpieces of glyptic art. The decoration, which is characteristic of the Agade period, shows two buffaloes that have just slaked their thirst in the stream of water spurting from two vases held by two naked kneeling heroes. This seal, which belonged to Ibni-Sharrum, the scribe of King Sharkali-Sharri, who succeeded his father Naram-Sin, is one of the most striking examples of the perfection attained by carvers in the Agade period. The two naked, curly-headed heroes are arranged symmetrically, half-kneeling. They are both holding vases from which water is gushing as a symbol of fertility and abundance; it is also the attribute of the god of the river, Enki-Ea, of whom these spirits of running water are indeed the acolytes. Two arni, or water buffaloes, have just drunk from them. Below the scene, a river winds between the mountains represented conventionally by a pattern of two lines of scales. The central cartouche bearing an inscription is held between the buffaloes' horns. A scene testifying to relations with distant lands Buffaloes are emblematic animals in glyptic art in the Agade period. They first appear in the reign of Sargon, indicating sustained relations between the Akkadian Empire and the distant country of Meluhha, that is, the present Indus Valley, where these animals come from. These exotic creatures were probably kept in zoos and do not seem to have been acclimatized in Iraq at the end of the 3rd millennium BC. Indeed, it was not until the Sassanid Empire that they reappeared. The engraver has carefully accentuated the animals' powerful muscles and spectacular horns, which are shown as if seen from above, as they appear on the seals of the Indus."
Hieroglyph: காண்டம்² kāṇṭam
, n. < kāṇḍa. 1. Water; sacred water; நீர். துருத்திவா யதுக்கிய குங்குமக் காண் டமும் (கல்லா. 49, 16).
ayaskāṇḍa ‘a quantity of iron, excellent iron’ (Pāṇ.gaṇ)2. खांडा [ khāṇḍā ] m A jag, notch, or indentation (as upon the edge of a tool or weapon). (Marathi) Rebus: khāṇḍā ‘tools, pots and pans, metal-ware’.
3. rāngo ‘water buffalo bull’ (Ku.N.)(CDIAL 10559) Rebus: rango ‘pewter’. ranga, rang pewter is an alloy of tin, lead, and antimony (anjana) (Santali).
4. baTa 'six' Rebus: bhaTa 'furnace'bat.i = a furnace for melting iron-ore (Santali मेढा (p. 665) [ mēḍhā ] m A twist or tangle arising in thread or cord, a curl or snarl (Marathi). Rebus: meḍ Iron, iron implements (Ho.Santali)
- Cylinder seal of Shu-ilishu. Courtesy of the Department des Antiquites Orientales, Musee du Louvre, Paris.[Possehl, Gregory, 2006, Shu-ilishu’s cylinder seal, Expedition, Vol. 48, No. 1
- This seal shows a sea-faring Meluhha merchant who needed a translator to
- translate meluhha speech into Akkadian. The translator’s name was Shu-ilishu
- as recorded in cuneiform script on the seal.
W.G. Lambert noted: "Since the owner bears a typical Old Akkadian name, he was presumably Old Akkadian, and had acquired a command of the language of Meluhha." (Lambert, WG, 1967, Babylonian Wisdom Literature, Oxford: Clarendon
Hieroglyph
S. Kalyanaraman
Sarasvati Research Center
August 6, 2015