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Painting in Steel Authority of India Guest House, Ranchi. King Puru presenting an Indian steel sword to King Alexander.
Painting in Steel Authority of India Guest House, Ranchi. King Puru presenting an Indian steel sword to King Alexander.
http://bharatkalyan97.
Bhils or Bheel are primarily an Adivasi people of Central India. Bhils are also settled in the Tharparkar District of Sindh, Pakistan. They speak the Bhil languages, a subgroup of the Western Zone of the Indo-Aryan languages.
Bhils are listed as Adivasi residents of the states of Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra and Rajasthan - all in the western Deccan regions and central India - as well as in Tripura in far-eastern India, on the border with Bangladesh. Bhils are divided into a number of endogamous territorial divisions, which in turn have a number of clans and lineages. Most Bhils now speak the language of the region they reside in, such as Marathi and Gujarati. They mostly speak a dialect of Hindi.
The Bhil are divided into a number of endogamous territorial divisions, which in turn have a number of clans and lineages. The main divisions in Gujarat are the Barda, Dungri Garasia and Vasava. While in Maharashtra, the Bhil Mavchi and Kotwal are their main sub-groups.
In Rajasthan, they exist as Bhil Garasia, Dholi Bhil, Dungri Bhil, Dungri Garasia, Mewasi Bhil, Rawal Bhil, Tadvi Bhil, Bhagalia, Bhilala, Pawra, Vasava and Vasave. ( People of India Gujarat Volume XXII Part One edited by R.B Lal, S.V Padmanabham & A Mohideen page 214 to 251 Popular Prakashan)
- Rajasthan: 2,805,948Madhya Pradesh: 4,619,068Maharashtra: 1,818,792Gujarat: 3,441,945
Pardhan Gonds
Gond
Over 5 million according to the 1971 census. Significant presence: Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh,Chhattisgarh, Telangana, Uttar Pradesh,Jharkhand, Odisha, Karnataka The UP Gond are divided into five sub-groups, the Dhuria, Nayak, Ojha, Pathari, Rajgond. Raj Gond are also called as jesthvans in Bihar state. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gondi_people
"The Gonds are among the largest tribal groups in South Asia and perhaps the world. The term Gond refers to tribal peoples who live all over India's Deccan Peninsula. Most describe themselves as Gonds (hill people) or as Koi or Koitur."
http://www.everyculture.com/wc/Germany-to-Jamaica/Gonds.html
Birsa Munda
Koli Fisherpeople. of Maharashtra महाराष्ट्र के कोली मछुआरे
"Kol people is a generic name for the Munda, Ho, and some people from Oraon Adivasi, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Assam, Tripura, Bangladesh, and Nepal...The Kol are further divided into a number of exogamous clans, such as the Rojaboria, Rautia, Thakuria, Monasi, Bhil, Chero and Barawire. They speak the Baghelkhandi dialect...Both Mundas and Hos speak dialects of the language family known as Munda, Mundari, Kol, or Kolarian. The Ho specifically speak the Ho language."
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kol_people
Following languages belonging to the group: Sonthal,Mundari, Bhumji, Ho, Kole,Kharia,Juanga,Korwa,Kur,Savara,Mehto,Gadaba,Mal-Paharia (Robert N. Cust; Robert Needham Cust ((first published 1878), reprint - 26 July 2001). A sketch of the modern languages of the East Indies. Psychology Press. pp. 79.)
Agaria, metal smelters
Asur, iron smelters
Portrait of Blacksmiths at Work in India - 1873
Smithy-forge in action depicted on a Sanchi sculptural relief. Artisans working in smithy. Crucibles (with flames of fire) to bring out karada 'safflower' rebus: karada 'hard alloy of metal'. Working with ingots. Transporting minerals in baskets. Working with hammer in the forge. The narrative of the action takes place in front of kole.l 'smithy' rebus: kole.l 'temple'. The form is dagoba, 'dhatugarbha' or 'womb of minerals' shaped like a stupa. Spathes, petals are shown in the field denoting: Hieroglyph: दळ (p. 406)[ [daḷa ] दल (p. 404) [ dala ] n (S) A leaf. 2 A petal of a flower. dula 'pair'
Rebus: metalcast: ढाळ [ ḍhāḷa ] Cast, mould, form (as of metal vessels, trinkets &c.) dul 'cast metal' ढालकाठी (p. 356) [ ḍhālakāṭhī ] f ढालखांब m A flagstaff; esp.the pole for a grand flag or standard. 2 fig. The leading and sustaining member of a household or other commonwealth.
S. Kalyanaraman
Sarasvati Research Center
June 12, 2015