Two sections are presented in this note. Section A. Glosses related to metalwork. Section B. Hieroglyphs related to thunderbolt, eagle.
vájra is a gloss which denotes a thunderbolt and also 'adamantine, hard cement, a kind of hard iron or steel'.
śyēná श्येन [p= 1095,2] denotes a hawk , falcon , eagle and also sena, heṇa ʻ thunderbolt ʼ (Sinhala); aśáni f. ʻ thunderbolt ʼ (Rigveda)
Both hieroglyphs are displayed on a coin from Olympia, Greece, dated to c. 432-c.421 BCE. That the hieroglyphs were used in an ancient mint, are signifiers of the related signified glosses of metalwork activities of ancient people in Eurasia, in general; of Bhāratam Janam, 'metalcaster folk' (Rigveda RV 3.53.12) of Indian sprachbund, in particular..
A synonym for śyēná श्येन 'eagle' is gaRur (Munda); गरुत् [p= 348,3] m. n.
(g. यवा*दि) the wing of a bird Prasannar. v , 53. गरुत्--मत् [p= 348,3] mfn. (गर्/उत्-) (in वेद only found in connection with सु-पर्ण्/अ , and apparently applied to a heavenly bird or to the sun) winged (?) RV. i , 164 , 46 ; x , 149 , 3 AV. iv , 6 , 3 VS. xii xvii , 72 winged Ragh. iii , 57 m. the bird गरुड Suparn2. MBh. &c m. a bird (in general) Nal. i , 22.
Two homonymous glosses relate the 'eagle' hieroglyph to metalwork: करडा (p. 137) [karaḍā]Hard from alloy--iron, silver &c (Marathi) kharādī = turner (Gujarati) खरडबरड (p. 197) [ kharaḍabaraḍa ] a Stony and sterile--land.(Marathi)
In the evolution of metallurgical competence among artisans, a revolutionary moment can be related to the discovery of hardening metal by the process of alloying. As naturally-occurring arsenical copper (or arsenical bronze) was scarce, the discovery of creating tin-bronzes (copper - tin alloys) resulted in a veritable revolution in archaeological advances since the hard alloy could be used to create metalware, tools, weapons, pots and pans of required hardness or sharpness of edges.
This 'hardness' of metal alloy was signified by the gloss: [karaḍā] Hard from alloy--iron, silver &c (Marathi). This characteristic of metal alloy could be signified by a number of hieroglyphs (rebus-metonymy cipher rendering) including गरुड garuḍa, 'eagle'.
Another characteristic of significance in metalwork was 'glueing'. This is denoted by the gloss: vajra. Metals of various kinds could be fused in a smithy/forge. This 'glueing' was an essential ingredient in creating metal alloys of the required hardness. This characteristic was signified by the gloss naming a metalworker with such 'glueing' competence: kharādī = turner (Gujarati). This feature of a turner's metalwork with mixing/turning of alloys is signified by the hieroglyph: garuḍa, 'eagle'; mərəγō saēnō (Avestan) [cognate: śyēna mriga (Samskritam). This 'glueing' is explained by the archaeometallurgical technical word: sanghāta , 'glueing, consolidation'. This is signified by the frequently deployed hieroglyph: sãghāṛɔ 'lathe' on hundreds of inscriptions of Indus Script Corpora.
See: http://bharatkalyan97.blogspot.in/2015/03/emphatic-evidence-for-indus-script.html
Emphatic evidence for Indus Script decipherment as metalwork catalogs: sãghāṛɔ 'lathe', sanghāta 'caravan'
The metaphor of a thunderbolt carrying away (glueing with) the metal is the foundation for the Anzu legends of Mesopotamia and of SuparNa, 'beautiful-winged' in Rigveda (with a play on the word: suvarNa 'gold').
If the Anzu legend is related to ancu 'iron' (Tocharian) cognate amśu , 'Soma filament' (Rigveda), the winged eagle may be archaeometallurgically explained as a process of hardening by glueing/alloying the metallic minerals of ancu and related pyrites, माक्षिक n. a kind of honey-like mineral substance or pyrites MBh.
Baudhāyana Śulba Sūtra is one instance of an ancient text related to śulba, 'copper', documenting with mathematical rigour, the construction of a fire-altar of desired shape and form to achieve the successful realization of a yajna, a prayer and invocation to divinities. One specific form is that of śyēnaciti, a fire-altar in the shape of a falcon, eagle. Such a 'falcon-shaped fire-altar' is archaeologically attested.
dīrghasyākṣaṇayā rajjuḥ pārśvamānī, tiryaḍam mānī,
cha yatpṛthagbhūte kurutastadubhayāṅ karoti.
cha yatpṛthagbhūte kurutastadubhayāṅ karoti.
शुल्ब [p= 1084,2] (or शुल्व) n. (accord. to some also m. and आ or f(ई).) a string , cord , rope S3rS. Su1ryas. BhP. N. of a परिशिष्ट Cat. L. also " copper " (Monier-Williams)
Syena-citi: A Monument of Uttarkashi Distt.
EXCAVATED SITE -PUROLA
Geo-Coordinates-Lat. 30° 52’54” N Long. 77° 05’33” E
Notification No& Date;2742/-/16-09/1996![]()
The ancient site at Purola is located on the left bank of river Kamal. The excavation yielded the remains of Painted Grey Ware (PGW) from the earliest level alongwith other associated materials include terracotta figurines, beads, potter-stamp, the dental and femur portions of domesticated horse (Equas Cabalus Linn). The most important finding from the site is a brick alter identified as Syenachiti by the excavator. The structure is in the shape of a flying eagle Garuda, head facing east with outstretched wings. In the center of the structure is the chiti is a square chamber yielded remains of pottery assignable to circa first century B.C. to second century AD. In addition copper coin of Kuninda and other material i.e. ash, bone pieces etc and a thin gold leaf impressed with a human figure tentatively identified as Agni have also been recovered from the central chamber.
Mesopotamian/Sumerian legends of Anzu or Old Persian legends of Simorg, Saena.
Section A. Glosses related to metalwork:
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The thunderbolt pattern with an eagle on a coin from Olympia, Greece, 432-c.421 BCE.
vájra m. a kind of hard mortar or cement (कल्क) VarBr2S. (cf. -लेप) n. a kind of hard iron or steel L. mfn. adamantine , hard , impenetrable W.
kharādī = turner (Gujarati)
करडा (p. 137) [ karaḍā ]Hard from alloy--iron, silver &c (Marathi)करडा (p. 137) [ karaḍā ] m The arrangement of bars or embossed lines (plain or fretted with little knobs) raised upon a तार of gold by pressing and driving it upon the अवटी or grooved stamp. Such तार is used for the ornament बुगडी , for the hilt of a पट्टा or other sword &c. Applied also to any similar barform or line-form arrangement (pectination) whether embossed or indented; as the edging of a rupee &c. करड्याची अवटी (p. 137) [ karaḍyācī avaṭī ] f An implement of the goldsmith. A stamp for forming the bars or raised lines called करडा . It is channeled or grooved with (or without) little cavities. खरडबरड (p. 197) [ kharaḍabaraḍa ] a Stony and sterile--land.(Marathi) கரடு¹ karaṭu, n. [K. M. karaḍu.] 1. Roughness, ruggedness, unevenness; முருடு. ஈண்டுரு காக் கரடு (அருட்பா, iv, பத்தி. 6). 2. Churlish temper முருட்டுக்குணம். (Tamil)
Ta. karaṭu roughness, unevenness, churlish temper; karaṭṭu rugged, uneven, unpolished; karaṇ uneven surface in vegetables and fruits, scar; karuprong, barb, spike; karumai, karil severity, cruelty; karukku teeth of a saw or sickle, jagged edge of palmyra leaf-stalk, sharpness. Ma. karaṭu what is rough or uneven; kaṟu rough; kaṟuppu roughness; karuma
sharpness of sword; karukku teeth of a saw or file, thorns of a palmyra branch, irregular surface; karukarukka to be harsh, sharp, rough, irritating; karikku edge of teeth; kari-muḷ hard thorn; projecting parts of the skin of custard-apples, jack-fruits, etc.; kari-maṭal rind of jack-fruits. Ko. karp keenness or harshness (of wind); ? kako·ṭ hoe with sharp, broad blade (for -ko·ṭ, see 2064). Ka.karaḍu that is rough, uneven, unpolished, hard, or waste, useless, or wicked; kaṟaku, karku, kakku, gaṟaku, garaku, garku, garasu a jag, notch, dent, toothed part of a file or saw, rough part of a millstone, irregular surface, sharpness. Tu. karaḍů, karaḍu rough, coarse, worn out; wastage, loss, wear;kargōṭa hardness, hard-heartedness; hard, hard-hearted; garu rough; garime severity, strictness; gargāsů a saw. Te. kara sharp; karagasamu a saw;karakasa roughness; karusu rough, harsh; harsh words; kaṟaku, kaṟuku harshness, roughness, sharpness; rough, harsh, sharp; gari hardness, stiffness, sharpness; (B.) karaṭi stubborn, brutish, villainous; kakku a notch or dent, toothed part of a saw, file, or sickle, roughness of a millstone. Go. (Ma.)karkara sharp (Voc. 543). Kur. karcnā to be tough, (Hahn) be hardened. ? Cf. 1260 Ka. garasu. / Cf. Skt. karaṭa- a low, unruly, difficult person;karkara- hard, firm; karkaśa- rough, harsh, hard; krakaca-, karapattra- saw; khara- hard, harsh, rough, sharp-edged; kharu- harsh, cruel; Pali kakaca-saw; khara- rough; saw; Pkt. karakaya- saw; Apabhraṃśa (Jasaharacariu) karaḍa- hard. Cf. esp. Turner, CDIAL, no. 2819. Cf. also Skt. karavāla-sword (for second element, cf. 5376 Ta. vāḷ) (DEDR 1265) khára2 ʻ hard, sharp, pungent ʼ MBh., ʻ solid ʼ Pān., ʻ hot (of wind) ʼ Suśr. [Cf. karkara -- 1 , karkaśá -- , kakkhaṭa -- ]Pa. Pk. khara -- ʻ hard, rough, cruel, sharp ʼ; K. khoru ʻ pure, genuine ʼ, S. kharo, L. P. kharā (P. also ʻ good of weather ʼ); WPah. bhad. kharo ʻ good ʼ, paṅ. cur. cam. kharā ʻ good, clean ʼ; Ku. kharo ʻ honest ʼ; N. kharo ʻ real, keen ʼ; A. khar ʻ quick, nimble ʼ, m. ʻ dry weather ʼ, kharā ʻ dry, infertile ʼ,khariba ʻ to become dry ʼ; B. kharā ʻ hot, dry ʼ, vb. ʻ to overparch ʼ; Or. kharā ʻ sunshine ʼ; OAw. khara ʻ sharp, notched ʼ; H. kharā ʻ sharp, pure, good ʼ; G. khar ʻ sharp, hot ʼ, °rũ ʻ real, good, well parched or baked, well learnt ʼ; M. khar ʻ sharp, biting, thick (of consistency) ʼ, °rā ʻ pure, good, firm ʼ; Ko.kharo ʻ true ʼ; Si. kara -- räs ʻ hot -- rayed, i.e. sun ʼ. -- Ext. Pk. kharaḍia -- ʻ rough ʼ; Or. kharaṛā ʻ slightly parched ʼ. <-> X kṣārá -- 1 : Or. khārā ʻ very sharp, pure, true ʼ. <-> X paruṣá -- 1 : Bshk. khärúṣ ʻ rough, rugged ʼ; Si. karahu ʻ hard ʼ.kharapattrā -- , kharayaṣṭikā -- , *kharasrōtas -- .WPah.kṭg. (kc.) khɔ́rɔ ʻ great, good, excessive ʼ; J. kharā ʻ good, well ʼ; OMarw. kharaü ʻ extreme ʼ.(CDIAL 3819) karkara1 ʻ hard, firm ʼ Mālatīm. [Prob. same as karkara -- 2 ; cf. karkaśá -- , kakkhaṭa -- , *kakkaṭa -- 2 , khára -- 2 ]Pa. kakkaratā -- f., °riya -- n. ʻ roughness, harshness ʼ; Pk. kakkara -- ʻ hard, firm ʼ; Tir. kaṅgará, Paš. kaṅgarāˊ m. ʻ ice ʼ (→ Psht. kaṅgal, karaṅg ʻ ice ʼ IIFL iii 3, 95); K. trakoru ʻ hard, rough ʼ < *krak -- FestskrBroch 149; L. kakkar m. ʻ frost, raw thong ʼ; P. kakkar m. ʻ frost ʼ; WPah. khaś. kakru ʻ ice ʼ; Or.kākara, kã̄k° ʻ dew ʼ; G. kakrũ ʻ rough ʼ.(CDIAL 2819)
suvárṇa 'gold' 13519 suvárṇa ʻ of bright colour, golden ʼ RV., n. ʻ gold ʼ AV., suvarṇaka -- ʻ golden ʼ Hariv. 2. saúvarṇa- ʻ golden ʼ ŚrS., n. ʻ gold ʼ MBh. -- In many cases it is impossible to distinguish whether a NIA. form is derived from suvárṇa -- or saúvarṇa -- : they are therefore listed below together. [su --2 , várṇa -- 1 ]1. Pa. suvaṇṇa -- ʻ of good colour ʼ, n. ʻ gold ʼ, soṇṇa<-> ʻ golden ʼ, n. ʻ gold ʼ; NiDoc. suv́arna ʻ gold ʼ; Pk. su(v)aṇṇa -- , soṇṇa -- n. ʻ gold ʼ, suvaṇṇia -- ʻ golden ʼ.2. Pa. sōvaṇṇa -- , °aya -- ʻ golden ʼ; Pk. sō(v)aṇṇa -- n. ʻ gold ʼ, Ap. sōvaṇa -- n.1 or 2. Gy. gr. sovnakáy, wel. sōnakai, rum. somnakáy m. ʻ gold ʼ, Ḍ. son m.; -- (Kaf. forms ← Ind. NTS ii 276) Ash. sun, Wg. sū̃n, Kt. sun f., Pr. sü; <-> Dm. sōn, Paš.lauṛ. sū˘wan, Gmb. sōʻ n, Gaw. sōṇ, sūṇ, (→ Sv. son NOPhal 47), Kal. sū̃ṛa, sū̃ŕä, Phal. suāṇ, Sh.gil. so̯n m., koh. sonŭ m., gur. son m., dr. jij.sōṇ m., pales. lēlo swã̄ṛə ʻ gold ʼ, gil. (Lor.) sōno ʻ golden ʼ, koh. gur. sōṇṷ ʻ beautiful ʼ; K. sŏn m. ʻ gold ʼ, rām. sōnu, kash. pog. sŏnn, ḍoḍ. sŏṇṇā, S. sõnum. ʻ gold ʼ (sõnõ ʻ golden ʼ), L. sonā m., P. sonā, soinā, seonā, siūnā m., WPah.bhad. sunnō, khaś. sɔnnu n., jaun. sūnō, Ku. suno, gng. sun, N. sun, A. xon,xonā, B. sonā, Or. sunā, Mth. son, sonā, Aw.lakh. sonu , Bhoj. H. sonā m., OMarw. sauno, OG. sovana, sonaüṁ n., G. sɔnũ n., M. sonẽ n. (sonā ʻ golden ʼ), OSi. (Brāhmī) sovaṇa, Si. suvan -- na. -- Early ← Sk.: Paš.chil. swāren ʻ gold ʼ, dar. surun, Shum. suárin, Kho. sórum (with -- m from droxum ʻ silver ʼ; → Yid. suwōrum).1. WPah.kṭg. súnnɔ, kc. suno m. ʻ gold ʼ.2. saúvarṇa -- : Garh. sonu ʻ gold ʼ, OMarw. sonaü m.(CDIAL 13519) suvarṇakāra m. ʻ goldsmith ʼ Mn. [suvárṇa -- , kāra -- 1 ]Pa. suvaṇṇakāra -- m. ʻ goldsmith ʼ, NiDoc. suv́arnakara, Pk. suvaṇṇaāra -- , suṇṇaāra -- , °ṇāra -- m., Sh. (Lor.) suniār m., K. sŏna r, sŏnuru m., S.sonāro m., L. sunārā m., awāṇ. suniārā, P. suneār, °rā m., Ku. N. sunār, A. xonāri, Or. sunāra, °ri, Bi. Mth. Bhoj. Aw.lakh. sonār, H. sonār, sun° m., G. M. sonār m., Ko. sonāru; -- Si. suvaru < *suvanaru? WPah.kṭg. (kc.) sənār m. ʻ goldsmith ʼ, Garh. sunār; -- Md. sunāru ← G. M.(CDIAL 13520)
G. garāḍ, °ḍɔ m. ʻ pit, ditch ʼ (< *graḍḍa -- < *garda -- ?);*gaḍḍa1 ʻ hole, pit ʼ. [G. < *garda -- ? -- Cf. *gaḍḍ -- 1 and list s.v. kartá -- 1 ] Pk. gaḍḍa -- m. ʻ hole ʼ; WPah. bhal. cur. gaḍḍ f., paṅ. gaḍḍṛī, pāḍ. gaḍōṛ ʻ river, stream ʼ; N. gaṛ -- tir ʻ bank of a river ʼ; A. gārā ʻ deep hole ʼ; B. gāṛ, °ṛāʻ hollow, pit ʼ; Or. gāṛa ʻ hole, cave ʼ, gāṛiā ʻ pond ʼ; Mth. gāṛi ʻ piercing ʼ; H. gāṛā m. ʻ hole ʼ; Si. gaḍaya ʻ ditch ʼ. -- Cf. S. giḍ̠i f. ʻ hole in the ground for fire during Muharram ʼ. -- X khānĭ̄ -- : K. gān m. ʻ underground room ʼ; S. (LM 323) gāṇ f. ʻ mine, hole for keeping water ʼ; L. gāṇ m. ʻ small embanked field within a field to keep water in ʼ; G. gāṇ f. ʻ mine, cellar ʼ; M. gāṇ f. ʻ cavity containing water on a raised piece of land ʼ (LM 323 < gáhana -- ).WPah.kṭg. gāṛ ʻ hole (e.g. after a knot in wood) ʼ.(CDIAL 3981) gaḍa1 m. ʻ ditch ʼ lex. [Cf. *gaḍḍa -- 1 and list s.v. kartá -- 1 ]Pk. gaḍa -- n. ʻ hole ʼ; Paš. gaṛu ʻ dike ʼ; Kho. (Lor.) gōḷ ʻ hole, small dry ravine ʼ; A. garā ʻ high bank ʼ; B. gaṛ ʻ ditch, hole in a husking machine ʼ; Or.gaṛa ʻ ditch, moat ʼ; M. gaḷ f. ʻ hole in the game of marbles ʼ.(CDIAL 3967)
खरड (p. 197) [ kharaḍa ] f (खरडणें ) A hurriedly written or drawn piece; a scrawl; a mere tracing or rude sketch. 2 Vehement reviling or abusing. v काढ g. of o. निघ g. of s. 3 The ashes and earth which gather about an ingot of metal during its formation. So called because to be detached they must be scraped off.खरडघाशा (p. 197) [ kharaḍaghāśā ] m (खरड & घासणें ) A term of abuse for a bad writer, barber, carpenter &c.; quill-driver, scraper, chips.खरडणें (p. 197) [ kharaḍaṇēṃ ] v c To scrape or rub off roughly: also to abrade or graze. 2 To rub up; to grub up; to root out (grass, weeds &c.) by pushing the instrument along. 3 To shave roughly, to scrape: also to write roughly, to scrawl: also to jot or note down; to make brief memoranda: also to draw roughly; to plough roughly; to grind roughly &c. &c. 4 To break by rubbing between stones; to bruise (peppers &c.) 5 (More frequently खरड काढणें ) To abuse or revile vehemently and coarsely.खरडनिशी (p. 197) [ kharaḍaniśī ] f Scrawling, scribbling, bad writing.खरडनीस (p. 197) [ kharaḍanīsa ] c खरडनिशा a (खरड & पट्टी ) Vehement reviling, abusing, scolding, rating, vociferous vituperation. v काढ, निघ , g. of o. or s. 2 Inflicting a loss or damage upon. v काढ, निघ g. of o. or s. खरडा (p. 197) [ kharaḍā ] m (खरडणें ) Scrapings (as from a culinary utensil). 2 Bruised or coarsely broken peppercorns &c.: a mass of bruised मेथ्या &c. 3 also खरडें n A scrawl; a memorandum-scrap; a foul, blotted, interlined piece of writing. 4 also खरडें n A rude sketch; a rough draught; a foul copy; a waste-book; a day-book; a note-book. 5 A spotted and rough and ill-shaped pearl: also the roughness or knobbiness of such pearls. 6 A variety of musk-melon. 7 Heat in stomach and bowels during small-pox, measles &c. 8 A leopard. 9 C Small but full heads of rice. 10 Grass so short as to require grubbing or rubbing up. 11 A medicament consisting of levigated or pounded (nutmeg, or anise-seed, or मुरडशेंगा &c.) fried in clarified butter. It is given to check diarrhœa. 12 Reduced state, i. e. such scantiness as to demand scraping. v लाग, पड . Ex. पाण्याचा ख0 लागला or पडला The water (of the well &c.) is so scanty that it must be scraped up (with a नरेटी &c.) धान्याला ख0 लागला ; पैक्याला ख0 लागला . खरडें घासणें To fag at the desk; to drive the quill. 2 (With implication of indifference.) To write: answering to To pen it; to scribble away &c.खरडी (p. 197) [ kharaḍī ] f (खरडणें ) Vehement and coarse scolding or abusing. v काढ g. of o. v निघ g. of s. 2 A sort of drum. 3 A fibre of काथा (fibrous integuments of the cocoanut).खरड्या (p. 197) [ kharaḍyā ] a (खरडणें ) That writes or shaves rudely and roughly; a mere quill-driver; a very scraper.(Marathi. Molesworth)![]()
Section B. Hieroglyphs related to thunderbolt, eagle:
vájra m. ʻ thunderbolt ʼ RV., ʻ diamond ʼ ṢaḍvBr. [√*vaj ]Pa. vajira -- m. ʻ thunderbolt ʼ, m.n. ʻ diamond ʼ, Pk. vajja -- , vayara -- , vaïra -- ; Sh. (Lor.) b*l c̣, pl. °c̣e m. ʻ thunderbolt, meteorite, lightning ʼ (< *baJ̣?); B. bāj ʻ thunderbolt ʼ; Si. vidu ʻ Indra's thunderbolt (or < vidyút -- ?), diamond ʼ, vadura, viduru.(CDIAL 11204) वज्र[p= 913,1] mn. " the hard or mighty one " , a thunderbolt (esp. that of इन्द्र , said to have been formed out of the bones of the ऋषिदधीच or दधीचि [q.v.] , and shaped like a circular discus , or in later times regarded as having the form of two transverse bolts crossing each other thus x ; sometimes also applied to similar weapons used by various gods or superhuman beings , or to any mythical weapon destructive of spells or charms , also to मन्यु , " wrath " RV. or [with अपाम्] to a jet of water AV.&c ; also applied to a thunderbolt in general or to the lightning evolved from the centrifugal energy of the circular thunderbolt of इन्द्र when launched at a foe ; in Northern Buddhist countries it is shaped like a dumb-bell and called Dorje ;» MWB. 201 ; 322 &c ) RV. &c a diamond (thought to be as hard as the thunderbolt or of the same substance with it) Shad2vBr. Mn. MBh. &c mfn.
shaped like a kind of cross (cf. above ) , forked , zigzag ib. [cf. Zd. vazra , " a club. "] vajra वज्र a. [वज्-रन् Uṇ.2.28] 1 Hard, adamantine. -2 Severe. -3 Forked, zigzag. -4 Cross. -ज्रः, -ज्रम् 1 A thunderbolt, the weapon of Indra (said to have been formed out of the bones of the sage Dadhīchi q. v.); आशंसन्ते समितिषु सुराः सक्तवैरा हि दैत्यैरस्याधिज्ये धनुषि विजयं पौरुहूते च वज्रे Ś.2.16. -2 Any destructive weapon like the thunderbolt. -3 A diamond-pin, an instru- ment for perforating jewels; मणौ वज्रसमुत्कीर्णे सूत्रस्येवास्ति मे गतिः R.1.4. -4 A diamond in general, an adamant; वज्रादपि कठोराणि मृदूनि कुसुमादपि U.2.7; R.6.19; मुक्तां मरकतं पद्मरागं वज्रं च विद्रुमम् Śiva B.3.12. -अशनिः the thunderbolt of Indra; वज्राशनिसम- स्पर्शा अर्जुनेन शरा युधि Mb.6.119.6 -लोहकः a magnet. वज्रिन् m. 1 N. of Indra; ननु वज्रिण एव वीर्यमेतद्विजयन्ते द्विषतो यदस्य पक्ष्याः V.1.15; R.9.24. -2 An owl. (Apte. Samskritam)
Golden eagle. Garuḷa [Derivation uncertain. Sk. garuḍa, Lat. volucer winged, volo to fly]. N. of a mythical bird, a harpy Ps ii. 196=Nd2 235, 3 q.; Vism 206; VvA 9 (=supaṇṇa); DhA i. 144. (Pali) garuḍ गरुड् m. Garuḍa, N. of a bird celebrated in Hindū myth as chief of the feathered race and enemy of the serpent race. He was the vehicle of the god Viṣṇu (Vishnu) (Śiv. 72, 732, 793, 1324; Rām. 398, 598, 6).(Kashmiri)
<kaDamaru uDaG>(Z) [kaRamaru uRaG] {N} ``^eagle, ^White-bellied_Sea-eagle''. |<kaDamaru> `?', <uDaG> `a large bird'. ^bird. #15420.
suparṇá ʻ having beautiful wings ʼ, m. ʻ any large bird of prey, a mythical bird ʼ RV. [su -- 2 , parṇá -- ]Pa. supaṇṇa -- m. ʻ the bird Garuḍa ʼ, Si. suvan.(CDIAL 13476)
Si. sena, heṇa ʻ thunderbolt ʼ; aśáni f. ʻ thunderbolt ʼ RV., °nī -- f. ŚBr. [Cf. áśan -- m. ʻ sling -- stone ʼ RV.]Pa. asanī -- f. ʻ thunderbolt, lightning ʼ, asana -- n. ʻ stone ʼ; Pk. asaṇi -- m.f. ʻ thunderbolt ʼ; Ash. ašĩˊ ʻ hail ʼ, Wg. ašē˜ˊ, Pr. īšĩ, Bashg. "azhir", Dm. ašin, Paš. ášen, Shum.äˊšin, Gaw. išín, Bshk. ašun, Savi išin, Phal. ã̄šun, L. (Jukes) ahin, awāṇ. &circmacrepsilon;n (both with n, not ṇ), P. āhiṇ, f., āhaṇ, aihaṇ m.f., WPah. bhad. ã̄ṇ, bhal. ´tildemacrepsilon; hiṇi f., N. asino, pl. °nā; Si. sena, heṇa ʻ thunderbolt ʼ Geiger GS 34, but the expected form would be *ā̤n; -- Sh. aĩyĕˊr f. ʻ hail ʼ (X ?). -- For ʻ stone ʼ > ʻ hailstone ʼ cf. upala -- and A. xil s.v. śilāˊ -- Sh. aĩyĕˊr (Lor. aĩyār → Bur. *lhyer ʻ hail ʼ BurLg iii 17) poss. < *aśari -- from heteroclite n/r stem (cf. áśman -- : aśmará -- ʻ made of stone ʼ).(CDIAL 910) vajrāśani m. ʻ Indra's thunderbolt ʼ R. [vájra -- , aśáni -- ]Aw. bajāsani m. ʻ thunderbolt ʼ prob. ← Sk. (CDIAL 11207)
श्येन firewood laid in the shape of an eagle S3ulbas
श्येना f. a female hawk L. श्येन [p= 1095,2] m. a hawk , falcon , eagle , any bird of prey (esp. the eagle that brings down सोम to man) RV. &c mfn. eagle-like AitBr. mfn. coming from an eagle (as " eagle's flesh ") , Kr2ishn2aj. ?? (prob. w.r. for श्यैन). śyēná m. ʻ hawk, falcon, eagle ʼ RV. Pa. sēna -- , °aka -- m. ʻ hawk ʼ, Pk. sēṇa -- m.; WPah.bhad. śeṇ ʻ kite ʼ; A. xen ʻ falcon, hawk ʼ, Or. seṇā, H. sen, sẽ m., M. śen m., śenī f. (< MIA. *senna -- ); Si. sen ʻ falcon, eagle, kite ʼ. (CDIAL 12674) शेन [ śēna ] m (श्येन S) A hawk. शेनी f (श्येनी S) A female hawk.श्येन [ śyēna ] m S A hawk. श्येनी f S A female hawk. (Marathi)
See: http://bharatkalyan97.blogspot.in/2015/05/simorg.html Simorg, śyēná (anzu), patanga, mákṣikā: Rigveda riddles, Meluhha hieroglyphs as archaeometallurgy metaphors
See: http://bharatkalyan97.blogspot.in/2015/05/archaeometallury-and-meluhha.html Archaeometallury and Meluhha linguistics link Ancient Far East and Ancient Near East on Tin Road
S. Kalyanaraman
Sarasvati Research Center
May 27, 2015