Mirror:
https://www.academia.edu/7790080/Meluhha_hieroglyphs_and_cuneiform_writing_systems_on_two_soft-stone_fragments_of_Ancient_Near_East_3rd_millennium_BCE_
Meluhha hieroglyphs & cuneiform writing systems on two soft-stone fragments of Ancient Near East (3rd millennium BCE)
https://www.academia.edu/7790080/Meluhha_hieroglyphs_and_cuneiform_writing_systems_on_two_soft-stone_fragments_of_Ancient_Near_East_3rd_millennium_BCE_
Meluhha hieroglyphs & cuneiform writing systems on two soft-stone fragments of Ancient Near East (3rd millennium BCE)
See:
Location of Marhashi and cheetah from Meluhha: Shahdad & Tepe Yahya are in Marhashi. In this note, the artifacts of Jiroft are also discussed together with the finds at Tepe Yahya.
Meluhha hieroglyphs on Jiroft artifacts are treated as relatable to Aratta kingdom and are read rebus in:
Location of Marhashi and cheetah from Meluhha: Shahdad & Tepe Yahya are in Marhashi. In this note, the artifacts of Jiroft are also discussed together with the finds at Tepe Yahya.
Meluhha hieroglyphs on Jiroft artifacts are treated as relatable to Aratta kingdom and are read rebus in:
Locating Aratta of Ancient Near East using Meluhha hieroglyphs and defining Anzu & the start of Tin Road from Meluhha
Piotr Steinkeller,identified prehistoric site of Jiroft as the lost ancient city of Marhashi.
Evaluating the archaeology of Elam, DT Potts presents a synoptic table of relations between Third Dynasty of Ur and Elam in which he notes that three of the five kings of Ur married their daughters to the princes of Marhashi, Anshan, Pashime, and Zabshali.
The presence of a particular Meluhha hieroglyph at Aratta and also in Ur is significant.
DT Potts notes the origins of Magan's ceramic industry of 3rd millennium BCE in Marhashi and provides a link with a fragment found in Ur.
Piotr Steinkeller,identified prehistoric site of Jiroft as the lost ancient city of Marhashi.
Evaluating the archaeology of Elam, DT Potts presents a synoptic table of relations between Third Dynasty of Ur and Elam in which he notes that three of the five kings of Ur married their daughters to the princes of Marhashi, Anshan, Pashime, and Zabshali.
The presence of a particular Meluhha hieroglyph at Aratta and also in Ur is significant.
DT Potts notes the origins of Magan's ceramic industry of 3rd millennium BCE in Marhashi and provides a link with a fragment found in Ur.
Soft-stone vessel fragment excavated by Woolley at Ur was inscribed by the old Akkadian king Rimush with the text: ‘Rimush, king of Kish, the slayer of Elam and Marhashi'
Text of RimushThe hieroglyphs on the Ur fragment are: 1. Tiger looking left; 2. Tiger standing Read rebus: kol 'tiger' Rebus: kolhe 'smelter'; krammara 'head turned back' Rebus: kamar 'artisan, smith'. Thus the soft-stone fragmen denoted using Meluhha hieroglyphs the work of the smelter artisan: kol kamar.
The display of leopard on a cire perdue weight of Shahi-Tump of Baluchistan and on Jiroft artifacts have been discussed in the context of metal work: http://bharatkalyan97.blogspot.com/2014/07/locating-aratta-of-ancient-near-east.html
The presence of Meluhha settlements in ancient Near East is well attested in cuneiform texts. The hierolyphs on the soft-stone fragment of Ur by the artisans of Rimush, king of Kish establish firmly the continued use of Meluhha hieroglyphs in Ancient Near East.
Another soft-stone fragment of unknown provenance in Pergamon Museum in Berlin also had the text inscription of Rimush, king of Kish:
This fragment also has Meluhha hierolyphs: snake and tiger looking back read rebus on Jiroft artifacts as: naaga 'snake' Rebus: naaga, anakku 'tin'; kol 'tiger' Rebus: kolhe 'smelter', krammara 'looking back' Rebus: kamar 'artisan, smith'.
The two soft-stone fragments with comparable hieroglyphs identified and rebus as Meluhha hieroglyphs firmly anchor the Meluhha-Ancient Near East connections of writing systems: Meluhhans used hieroglyphs to denote metalwork as bill of materials for bills of lading, while cuneiform texts were used to write down syllabic texts containing names, titles (as in the case of Rimush, king of Kish) and information related to state formation.