Copper ? Bull's head. c. 20 cm. high After Fig. 3 in: During Caspers, Elizabeth C.L., 1971, The bull's head from Barbar temple II, Bahrain, a contact with early dynastic Sumer, East and West, Vol. 21, No.3/4, September-December 1971, p.217. The curved style of the horns becomes a way of decorating the crowns of eminent persons on Sumerian, Elamite and Mesopotamian cylinder seals.
ḍhangra ‘bull’ Rebus: ṭhakkura m. ʻ idol, deity (cf. ḍhakkārī -- ), ʼ lex., ʻ title ʼ Rājat. [Dis- cussion with lit. by W. Wüst RM 3, 13 ff. Prob. orig. a tribal name EWA i 459, which Wüst considers nonAryan borrowing ofśākvará -- : very doubtful] Pk. ṭhakkura -- m. ʻ Rajput, chief man of a village ʼ; Kho. (Lor.) takur ʻ barber ʼ (= ṭ° ← Ind.?), Sh. ṭhăkŭr m.; K. ṭhôkur m. ʻ idol ʼ ( ← Ind.?); S. ṭhakuru m. ʻ fakir, term of address between fathers of a husband and wife ʼ; P. ṭhākar m. ʻ landholder ʼ, ludh. ṭhaukar m. ʻ lord ʼ; Ku. ṭhākur m. ʻ master, title of a Rajput ʼ; N. ṭhākur ʻ term of address from slave to master ʼ (f. ṭhakurāni), ṭhakuri ʻ a clan of Chetris ʼ (f. ṭhakurni); A.ṭhākur ʻ a Brahman ʼ, ṭhākurānī ʻ goddess ʼ; B. ṭhākurāni, ṭhākrān, °run ʻ honoured lady, goddess ʼ; Or. ṭhākura ʻ term of address to a Brahman, god, idol ʼ, ṭhākurāṇī ʻ goddess ʼ; Bi. ṭhākur ʻ barber ʼ; Mth.ṭhākur ʻ blacksmith ʼ; Bhoj. Aw.lakh. ṭhākur ʻ lord, master ʼ; H. ṭhākur m. ʻ master, landlord, god, idol ʼ, ṭhākurāin, ṭhā̆kurānī f. ʻ mistress, goddess ʼ; G. ṭhākor, °kar m. ʻ member of a clan of Rajputs ʼ, ṭhakrāṇī f. ʻ his wife ʼ, ṭhākor ʻ god, idol ʼ; M. ṭhākur m. ʻ jungle tribe in North Konkan, family priest, god, idol ʼ; Si. mald. "tacourou"ʻ title added to names of noblemen ʼ (HJ 915) prob. ← Ind.Garh. ṭhākur ʻ master ʼ; A. ṭhākur also ʻ idol ʼ AFD 205.(CDIAL 5488)
Seal, Bet Dwaraka 20 x 18 mm of conch shell. Drawing based on a seal from the Harappan port of Dwaraka (After Fig. 5.7 in: Crawford, Harriett EW, 1998, Dilmun and its Gulf neighbours, Cambridge University Press)
The artistic rendering with vivid eyes of the ligatured set of animals is typical Dilmun but the motif is from Meluhha as evidenced by many seals with a comparable ligatured set of animals.
m1169, m1170, m0298 Mohenjo-daro seals which compare with the Dwaraka shell seal of Dilmun type motifs.
Meluhha hieroglyphs read rebus:
sangaḍi= joined animals (M.) Rebus: sangāṭh संगाठ् । सामग्री m. (sg. dat. sangāṭas संगाटस् ), a collection (of implements, tools, materials, for any object), apparatus, furniture, a collection of the things wanted on a journey, Rebus: sãgaṛh m. ʻline of entrenchments, stone walls for defenceʼ; sangath संगथ् । संयोगः f. (sg. dat. sangüʦü संग&above;च&dotbelow;ू&below; ), association, living together, partnership (e.g. of beggars, rakes, members of a caravan, and so on); jangaḍ ‘entrusted articles on approval basis’. Allograph: sangath संगथ् (of a man or woman) copulation.
tagara'ram, antelope' Rebus: tagara'tin'; damgar, tamkāru 'merchant' (Akkadian)
ayo ‘fish’ (Mu.) Rebus: aya = iron (G.); ayah, ayas = metal (Skt.)
mr̤eka ‘goat’. Rebus: milakkhu ‘copper’ Rebus: meṛh ‘helper of merchant’.
kondh ‘young bull’. ‘Pannier’ glyph: खोंडी [ khōṇḍī ] f An outspread shovelform sack (as formed temporarily out of a कांबळा, to hold or fend off grain, chaff &c.) Rebus: kõdā‘to turn in a lathe’ (Bengali) . कोंद kōnda‘engraver, lapidary setting or infixing gems’ (Marathi)
ḍhangra ‘bull’. Rebus: ḍhangar ‘blacksmith’.
kolom‘sprout’ Rebus: kolami‘smithy, forge’ (Telugu)
khareḍo = a currycomb (Gujarati) Rebus: करडा [karaḍā] Hard from alloy--iron, silver &c. (Marathi)
"Dilmun and the Harappans. The Harapan civilistion played a formative role in the emergence of Bahrain's mercantile tradition. The inhabitants of Bahrain adopted the Harappan weight system. Seven weights conforming to the Harappan series are known from Qala'at al-Bahrain, mainly in City IIa layers, with others found at Saar. The value of a Dilmun standard measure, calculated according to ratio given in an Isin Larsa text from Ur, was found to correspond exactly to a unit in the Harappan system. Harappan script and motifs are found on Persian Gulf seals which are associated with the 3rd milennium...At Saar a number of sherds comparable to Late Sorath Harappan and possibly Jhukar ware have been found...In Gujarat, a Dilmun seal was found at Lothal in unstratified deposits perhaps indicating the presence of Dilmun merchants at that site; a Dilmun-related seal has been reported from Dwarka...the role of the Harappans in the maritime trading system of the late 3rd millennium appears to have been very great." (Carter, Robert, 'Restructuring bronze age trade: Bahrain, southeast Arabia and the copper question, in: Crawford, Harriet, 2003, Archaeology of Bahrain, Proceedings of a seminar held on Monday 14th July 2000, BAR International Series 1189, pp.34, 42)
This note is an eleventh sequel to the work: Philosophy of symbolic forms in Meluhha cipher.
See the first to tenth sequels at:
1.http://bharatkalyan97.blogspot.in/2014/04/meluhha-metallurgy-hieroglyphs-of.html Meluhha metallurgy: hieroglyphs of pomegranate, mangrove date-palm cone (raphia farinifera), an elephant's head terracotta Nausharo, Sarasvati civilization
2.http://bharatkalyan97.blogspot.in/2014/04/ant-twisted-rope-and-other-meluhha.html Twisted rope, ant and other Meluhha hieroglyphs on Ancient Near East and Indian seals3.http://bharatkalyan97.blogspot.in/2014/04/perforated-plaques-of-tello-lagash.html Perforated plaques of Tello, Lagash, Sumerian artifacts, and Meluhha hieroglyphs 4.http://bharatkalyan97.blogspot.in/2014/04/zimrilims-palace-mural-painting-and.html Zimrilim's palace mural painting and Meluhha hieroglyphs (Compliments to Jack M. Sasson) 5. http://bharatkalyan97.blogspot.in/2014/04/tin-road-assur-kanesh-trade.html Tin road -- Assur-Kanesh -- trade transactions and Meluhha hieroglyphs6. http://bharatkalyan97.blogspot.in/2014/04/revisiting-cire-perdue-in.html Revisiting cire perdue in archaeological context and Meluhh7. http://bharatkalyan97.blogspot.in/2014/04/revisiting-ayo-ayas-barbar-temple-seals.html Revisiting ayo, ayas, Barbar temple seals, dhokra kamar, 'cire perdue' specialists and Meluhha hieroglyphs8. http://bharatkalyan97.blogspot.in/2014/04/representations-of-metallurgical.html Representations of metallurgical processes in Meluhha hieroglyphs 9. http://bharatkalyan97.blogspot.in/2014/04/meluhha-hieroglyphs-on-cylinder-and.html Meluhha hieroglyphs on cylinder and other seals of Bronze Age 10. http://bharatkalyan97.blogspot.in/2014/04/continuity-in-hieroglyph-motifs-from.html Continuity in hieroglyph motifs from Meluhha to Ancient Near EastMirror: https://www.academia.edu/6917339/Barbar_temple_Bahrain_and_Meluhha_hieroglyphs
bull-man, bull ḍangar 'bull' read rebus ḍhangar 'blacksmith'; ṭagara 'ram' Rebus: damgar 'merchant' (Akkadian) ṭhakkura, ‘idol’, ṭhākur ʻ blacksmith ʼ, ṭhākur m. ʻmaster’.ḍhangar ‘blacksmith’.
Sarasvati Research CenterApril 30, 2014
Some hieroglyphs which recur on Ancient Near seals and their Meluhha rebus readings:
bull-man, bull ḍangar 'bull' read rebus ḍhangar 'blacksmith'; ṭagara 'ram' Rebus: damgar 'merchant' (Akkadian) ṭhakkura, ‘idol’, ṭhākur ʻ blacksmith ʼ, ṭhākur m. ʻmaster’.ḍhangar ‘blacksmith’.
tiger kol 'tiger' Rebus: kol 'working in iron'
lion arye 'lion'āra 'brass'
aquatic bird karaḍa ‘aquatic bird, duck’ Rebus: karaḍa 'hard alloy'
eagle eraka 'eagle' Rebus: erako 'moltencast copper
buffalo கண்டி kaṇṭi , n. 1. Buffalo bull Rebus: Pk. gaḍa -- n. ʻlarge stoneʼ? (CDIAL 3969)
six hair-curls āra 'six curls' Rebus: āra 'brass'
face mũh ‘face’ Rebus: mũh ‘ingot’.
stag karuman 'stag' karmara 'artisan'
antelope melh 'goat' Rebus: milakkhu 'copper'
calf khoṇḍ 'young bull-calf' Rebus khuṇḍ '(metal) turner'.
scorpion bica ‘scorpion’ (Assamese) Rebus: bica ‘stone ore’
stalk daṭhi, daṭi 'stalks of certain plants' Rebus: dhatu ‘mineral.kāṇḍa काण्डः m. the stalk or stem of a reed. Rebus: kāṇḍa ‘tools, pots and pans and metal-ware’.
twig kūdī ‘twig’ Rebus: kuṭhi ‘smelter’
fish ayo 'fish' Rebus: ayo, ayas 'metal'.
overflowing pot lo ‘pot to overflow’ kāṇḍa ‘water’. Rebus: लोखंड lokhaṇḍ Iron tools, vessels, or articles in general.
spear మేడెము [ mēḍemu ] or మేడియము mēḍemu. [Tel.] n. A spear or dagger. Rebus: meḍ ‘iron’.
ring, bracelet kaḍum a bracelet, a ring (G.) Rebus: kaḍiyo [Hem. Des. kaḍaio = Skt. sthapati a mason] a bricklayer; a mason;
star मेढ [ mēḍha ] The polar star (Marathi). [cf.The eight-pointed star Rebus: meḍ 'iron' (Mundari. Remo.)
safflower karaḍa -- m. ʻsafflowerʼ Rebus: करडा [karaḍā] Hard from alloy--iron, silver &c. (Marathi)
twig kūdī ‘twig’ Rebus: kuṭhi ‘smelter’
frond (of palm), palm tamar, ‘palm tree, date palm’ Rebus: tam(b)ra, ‘copper’ (Prakrit)
tree kuṭhāru 'tree' Rebus: kuṭhāru ‘armourer or weapons maker’(metal-worker)
ram, ibex, markhor 1.ram मेंढा [ mēṇḍhā ] m (मेष S through H) A male sheep, a ram or tup.(Marathi) meḍ 'iron' (Mundari. Remo.)
goat melh 'goat' Rebus: milakkhu 'copper'
knot (twist) meḍ, ‘knot, Rebus: 'iron’
reed, scarf dhaṭu m. (also dhaṭhu) m. ‘scarf’ (WPah.) (CDIAL 6707) Rebus: dhatu ‘minerals’ (Santali); dhātu ‘mineral’ (Pali) kāṇḍa काण्डः m. stem of a reed. Rebus: kāṇḍa ‘tools, pots and pans and metal-ware’
mountain डोंगर [ ḍōṅgara ] m A hill. डोंगरकणगर or डोंगरकंगर [ ḍōṅgarakaṇagara or ḍōṅgarakaṅgara ] m (डोंगर & कणगर form of redup.) Hill and mountain; hills comprehensively or indefinitely. डोंगरकोळी [ ḍōṅgarakōḷī ] m A caste of hill people or an individual of it. (Marathi) ḍāngā = hill, dry upland (B.); ḍã̄g mountain-ridge (H.)(CDIAL 5476). Rebus: dhangar ‘blacksmith’ (Maithili) dhokra 'cire perdue metallurgist'
wing eraka 'wing' eṟaka, ṟekka, rekka, neṟaka, neṟi ‘wing’ (Telugu)(DEDR 2591). Rebus: erako 'moltencast copper'.
snake nāga 'snake' nāga 'lead'
frame of building sã̄gāḍā m. ʻ frame of a building ʼ (M.)(CDIAL 12859) Rebus: sangāṭh संगाठ् । सामग्री m. (sg. dat. sangāṭas संगाटस्), a collection (of implements, tools, materials, for any object), apparatus, furniture, a collection of the things wanted on a journey, luggage (Kashmiri) jangaḍ 'entrustment note' (Gujarati)
monkey kuṭhāru = a monkey (Sanskrit) Rebus: kuṭhāru ‘armourer or weapons maker’(metal-worker), also an inscriber or writer.
kick kolsa 'to kick' Rebus: kol working in iron, blacksmith
foot . khuṭo ʻ leg, foot ʼ Rebus: khũṭ ‘community, guild’ (Santali)
copulation (mating) kamḍa, khamḍa 'copulation' (Santali) Rebus: kampaṭṭa ‘mint, coiner’
adultery ṛanku, ranku = fornication, adultery (Telugu) ranku 'tin'S. KalyanaramanSarasvati Research CenterApril 30, 2014